№ Test Answer choices Key words Right answer

1 When a skeleton A. Cl- Membrane Na+

muscle cell was B. HCO3- depolarization
exposed to electric C. K+
current, its D. Na+
m e m b r a n e E. Ca2+
depolarized. What
ion pass through the
membrane, playing
the main role in its
depolarization?
2 A molecular-level- A. Pinocytosis Passive transport, Facilitated
process of B. Active transport via specific diffusion
spontaneous passive C. Osmosis transmembrane
transport of water- D. Facilitated intergral proteins
soluble molecules diffusion*
across a cell E. --
membrane is
modelled. The
molecules move
across cell
membranes from an
area of higher
concentration
toward an area of
lower concentration
via specific
transmembrane
intergral proteins.
This transport does
not directly require
chemical energy
from AT P
hydrolysis. Which
of the following
t r a n s p o r t
mechanisms is most
likely mentioned?
3 It was established A. Motoneuron Conduction Motoneuron axons
that the conduction axons velocity m/sec
velocity in the nerve B. Preganglionic
fibers was equal to sympathetic
m/sec. Specify these C. Preganglionic
fibers: parasympathetic
D. Postganglionic
sympathetic
E. Postganglionic
parasympathetic

 4 An isolated muscle A. I n a c t i v a t i o n o f threshold of Activation of

fiber is under potassium channels of stimulation force sodium channels of
examination. It was membrane became lower membrane
established that the B. B l o c k o f e n e r g y
threshold of production in the cell
stimulation force C. A c t i v a t i o n o f
b e c a m e potassium channels of
significantly lower. membrane
What is the cause of D. Inactivation of sodium
this phenomenon? channels of membrane
E. Activation of
sodium channels
of membrane
5 Due to activation of A. Fast calcium channels rest potential has Potassium
ion channels of B. Potassium channels increased channels
external membrane C. Natrium and calcium
of excitable cell its channels
rest potential has D. Slow calcium channels
significantly E. Natrium channels
increased. What
channels were
activated?
6 It is required to set A. Sodium increase of Potassium
an experiment on an B. P o t a s s i u m a n d membrane rest
isolated excitable sodium potential
cell and to achieve C. Calcium (hyperpolarization)
increase of D. Potassium
membrane rest E. Sodium and calcium
p o t e n t i a l
(hyperpolarization).
What ion channels
should be activated
to achieve such a
result?
7 What contraction of A. Isotonic holding (but not Isometric
upper extremity B. Auxotonic moving) a load in a
muscles will be C. Isometric certain position?
observed during D. Concentric
holding (but not E. Excentric
moving) a load in a
certain position?
8 A force generated A. Isometric a force is not Isometric
by the muscle is not B. Tetanic enough to lift a load
enough to lift a C. Isotonic
load. What type of D. Eccentric
muscle contraction E. Concentric
occurs in this case?

 9 During an A. Rest potential to estimate the rate Depolarization

experiment it is B. D e p o l a r i z a t i o n of cell excitability threshold
required to estimate threshold
the rate of cell C. C r i t i c a l l e v e l o f
excitability. For this depolarization
purpose it would be D. Amplitude of action
rational to potential
determine: E. Duration of action
potential
10 Ti s s u e i s b e i n g A. Hyperpolarization electric impulse Partial
stimulated by B. Action potential with amplitude of depolarization
electric cathodic C. Partial depolarization 70% of threshold
impulse with D. No changes
amplitude of 70% E. –
of threshold. What
changes of
membrane potential
will be observed?
11 In the experiment, A. Depolarization The permeability Hyperpolarization
the permeability of B. Hyperpolarization for potassium ions
cell membrane for C. Action potential increased
potassium ions has D. Local response
been increased. E. There will be no
What changes can changes
be expected in the
membrane state?
12 Microelectrode A. E x c i t a t o r y "all-or-none" law, Action potential
technique allowed postsynaptic potential able of
to register a B. Rest potential undecremental
potential following C. Action potential spreading
"all-or-none" law D. Inhibitory postsynaptic
and being able of potential
undecremental E. Receptor potential
spreading. Specify
this potential:
13 Slow filling of the A.Excitability Slow filling without Plasticity
stomach or urinary B.Plasticity exceeding the
bladder, without C.Automatism physiological norm,
exceeding the D.Refractoriness smooth muscles
physiological norm, E. Contractility
causes no increased
pressure in these
organs. This
phenomenon is
based on the
following ability of
the smooth muscles:

 14 In an excitable cell A. Natrium cell lost its ability Natrium

the ion channels B. Potassium to generate action
were blocked. It C. N a t r i u m a n d potential
hasn’t changed potassium
essentially the value D. Chloric
of rest potential, but E. Calcium
the cell lost its
ability to generate
AP (action
potential). What
channels were
blocked?
15 Cell membrane rest A. Sodium rest potential Potassium
potential changed B. P o t a s s i u m a n d changed from -85
from -85 to -90 mV. sodium to -90 mV.
It can be caused by C. Potassium
activation of the D. Calcium
following cell E. Potassium and
m e m b r a n e calcium
channels:
16 What kind of A. Isometric lift a load beyond Isometric
muscle contraction B. Isotonic strength
occurs in an upper C. Auxotonic
limb during an D. Phasic
attempt to lift a load E. Single
beyond one’s
strength?
17 In the course of an A. K+ and Cl− increase in nerve Na+
experiment there B. K+ and Na+ conduction velocity
has been increase in C. Na+
nerve conduction D. Ca2+ and Cl−
velocity. This may E. Ca2+
be caused by
increase in
concentration of the
following ions that
are present in the
solution around the
cell:

 18 During experiment A. Smooth tetanus each following Incomplete tetanus

a skeletal muscle is B. Series of single impulse occurs
being stimulated contractions within the
with a series of C. M u s c l e relaxation period
electrical impulses. contracture after the previous
What type of D. Asynchronous single contraction
m u s c u l a r tetanus
contraction will E. Incomplete
develop, if each tetanus
following impulse
occurs within the
relaxation period
after the previous
single contraction of
the muscle?
19 In course of an A. Partial tetanus every subsequent Partial tetanus
experiment a B. Holotetanus impulse comes in
skeletal muscle is C. A series of single the period of
being stimulated by contractions relaxation of single
a series of electric D. M u s c l e muscle contraction
impulses. What type contructure
of muscle E. Asynchronous
contraction will tetanus
arise, if every
subsequent impulse
comes in the period
of relaxation of
single muscle
20 An isolated muscle A. C o n t i n u o u s Every next impulse Waved tetanus
of a frog is (smooth) tetanus is in a period of
rhythmically B. Tonic relaxation from the
irritated with C. Single previus contraction.
electric impulses. D. Asynchronous
Every next impulse E. Waved tetanus
is in a period of
relaxation from the
previus contraction.
What contraction of
the muscle appears?
21 During the A. P r o l o n g e d Ca2+-pump is Prolonged
experiment on the relaxation weakened relaxation
influence of B. P r o l o n g e d
chemical substances duration of the AP
in the muscles the C. Decreased AP
reaction of Ca 2+ - D. Activation of the
pump is weakened. sodium-potassium
W h i c h pump
phenomenum will E. Decreased
be observed? velocity of the AP
distribution

 22 The process of heart A. Heart temperature viability of Rest potential of

transplantation B. Concentration of myocardial cells cardiomyocytes
determined the oxygen in heart
viability of vessels
myocardial cells. C. Rest potential of
The determination cardiomyocytes
of what D. Concentration of
myocardium calcium-ions in
parameter is the myofibrils
most important? E. Concentration of
Ca-ions in heart
vessels
23 The penetration of A.Depolarization The penetration for Hyperpolarization
the irritable cell B.Action potential potassium ions has
membrane for C.Hyperpolarization been increased
potassium ions has D.Local response
been increased E. No changes
during an
experiment. What
changes of
membrane electric
status can occur?
24 Rest potential of a A. A f t e r membrane potential Reverse
cell equals −80 hyperpolarization equal +30 mV polarization
mV . At what stage B. Reverse polarization
of action potential C. After depolarization
did the membrane D. Depolarization
potential equal +30 E. -
mV ?
25 Experimental A. Calcium ion exit increase in force of Calcium ion entry
stimulation of the B. Potassium ion exit heart contractions
sympathetic nerve C. Calcium ion entry
branches that D. Potassium ion entry
innervate the heart E. Calcium and
caused an increase potassium ion exit
in force of heart
contractions
because the
membrane of
t y p i c a l
cardiomyocytes
permitted an
increase in:

 26 During appointment A. Dopamine anxiety, fear, and Serotonin

with the dentist, B. GABA depression can be
patients often C. Noradrenaline reduced if secretion
develop anxiety, D. Acetylcholine is intensified
fear, and E. Serotonin
depression. These
psychoemotional
disturbances can be
reduced if secretion
of a certain
mediator is
intensified in the
central nervous
system. Name this
mediator:
27 An experiment was A. S p a t i a l simultaneous Temporal
aimed at testing summation stimulation with summation
flexor reflex in a B. T e m p o r a l prethreshold
spinal frog, which summation electrical impulses,
was initiated by C. P r e s y n a p t i c the frequency was
simultaneous summation such that the reflex
stimulation with D. P o s t s y n a p t i c occurred
i s o l a t e d summation
prethreshold E. T h r e s h o l d
electrical impulses. summation
The frequency of
those impulses was
such that the reflex
occurred. What
process in the nerve
centers can be
observed during this
experiment?
28 Inhibition of alpha- A. Presynaptic Inhibition of alpha- Reciprocal
motoneuron of the B. Depolarizational motoneuron of the
extensor muscles C. Recurrent extensor muscles
was noticed after D. Lateral after sti-mulation of
sti-mulation of α- E. Reciprocal α-motoneuron of
motoneuron of the the flexor muscles
flexor muscles
during the
experiment on the
spinal column.
What type of
inhibition can be
caused by this

 29 A sportsman was A. N e u r o m u s c u l a r disorder of Central synapses

examined after an synapses movement
intensive physical B. Efferent nerves coordination, the
a c t i v i t y. T h e C. Afferent nerves force of muscle
examination D. Central synapses contractions
revealed disorder of E. Conduction tracts remained the same
movement coordi-
nation but the force
of muscle
contractions
remained the same.
It can be explained
by retarded speed of
e x c i t e m e n t
conduction through:
30 A patient presented A. Noradrenaline neuromuscular Acetylcholine
to a hospital with B. Dopamine synapses, disturbed
complaints about C. Acetylcholine activity of the
quick fatigability D. Serotonin mediator
and significant E. Glycine
muscle weakness.
Examination
revealed an
autoimmune disease
that causes
functional disorder
of receptors in the
neuromuscular
synapses. This will
result in the
disturbed activity of
the following
31 In an experiment a A. External the light was paired External
dog had been B. Differential with the bell
conditioned to C. Extinctive
salivate at the sight D. Persistent
of food and a flash E. Protective
of light. After
conditioning the
reflex, the light was
then paired with the
bell. The dog didn’t
start to salivate.
What type of
inhibition was
observed?

 32 A patient presents A. Serotonin a biogenic amine G a m m a -

with dysfunction of B. Dopamine synthetized from aminobutyric acid
cerebral cortex C. Acetylcholine glutamate,
accompanied by D. G a m m a - responsible for
epileptic seizures. aminobutyric acid central inhibition
He has been E. Histamine
administered a
biogenic amine
synthetized from
glutamate and
responsible for
central inhibition.
What substance is
it?
33 In response to A. G o l g i t e n d o n muscles stretching Muscle spindles
muscles stretching, organ
its reflex B. Nociceptors
contraction occurs. C. Muscle spindles
This reflex reaction D. A r t i c u l a r
begins with receptors
stimulation of the E. Tactile receptors
following receptors:
34 A patient had a A.Central processes of injury of frontal Axons of moto
trauma that led to spinal ganglion spinal roots neurons and lateral
the injury of frontal neurons horn neurons
spinal roots. Denote B.Peripheral processes of
the damaged spinal ganglion
structures: neurons
C.Axons of lateral horn
neurons
D.Axons of moto neurons
E. A x o n s o f m o t o
neurons and lateral
35 A ventral (anterior) A. A x o n s o f m o t o r A ventral (anterior) Axons of motor
root of spinal cord neurons root was damaged neurons
was damaged as a B. Dendrites of motor
result of a trauma. neurons
T h e f o l l o w i n g C. A x o n s o f s e n s o r y
processes of the neurons
following neurons D. Dendrites of sensory
were damaged: neurons
E. D e n d r i t e s of
internuncial neurons

 36 During an A. Nociceptors myotatic reflex Muscle spindles

experiment the B. Muscle spindles
myotatic reflex has C. Articular
been studied in D. Golgi tendon
frogs. After organs
extension in a E. Tactile
skeletal muscle its
r e f l e c t o r y
contraction was
absent. The reason
for it might be a
dysfunction of the
37 The dorsal A.Loss of motor function The d o r s a l Loss of sensitivity
(posterior) root of B.Decreased muscle tone (posterior) root of
the spinal nerve of a C.Increased muscle tone the spinal nerve
test animal was D.Loss of sensitivity and was severed
severed. What motor function
changes will occur E. Loss of sensitivity
in the innervation
38 A patient has a A.It will stop laceration of spinal It won’t change
t r a n s v e r s e B.I t w o n ’ t c h a n g e cord below the VI esentially
laceration of spinal esentially thoracic segment.
cord below the VI C.It will become more
thoracic segment. rare
How will it change D.It will become more
the character of deep
breathing? E. It will become more
frequent
39 As a result of a A. Tractus corticospinalis spontaneous T r a c t u s
continuous chronic B. T r a c t u s m o t i o n s a n d a rubrospinalis
encephalopathy, a corticonuclearis disorder of torso
patient has C. Tractus rubrospinalis muscle tone
d e v e l o p e d D. T r a c t u s
spontaneous spinothalamicus
motions and a E. Tractus tectospinalis
disorder of torso
muscle tone. These
are the symptoms of
the disorder of the
f o l l o w i n g
conduction tract:
40 As a result of spinal A. Medial spinocortical a disturbed pain and Spinothalamic
cord trauma a 33 B. P o s t e r i o r t e m p e r a t u r e
y. o . m a n h a s a spinocerebellar sensitivity
disturbed pain and C. Spinothalamic
temperature D. Lateral spinocortical
sensitivity that is E. A n t e r i o r
caused by damage spinocerebellar
of the following

 41 The patient’s A. Tr. corticonuclearis pyramids of the Tr. corticospinalis

pyramids of the B. Tr. corticopontinus medulla oblongata
medulla oblongata C. Tr. Dentatorubralis are damaged
are damaged by D. Tr. corticospinalis
tumor growth. As a E. Tr. spinocerebellaris
result the
conduction of
nervous impulses
will be impaired in
the following
pathway:
42 An animal has an A. Vestibulospinal increased tonus of Vestibulospinal
increased tonus of B. Medial corticospinal extensor muscles
extensor muscles. C. Reticulospinal
This is the result of D. Rubrospinal
e n h a n c e d E. Lateral corticospinal
information
transmission to the
motoneurons of the
spinal cord through
the following
d e s c e n d i n g
pathways:
43 A 35 year old man A. No changes will be complete disruption It will come to a
got an injury that observed of spinal cord at the standstill
caused complete B. It will come to a level of the first
disruption of spinal standstill cervical segment
cord at the level of C. D i a p h r a g m a l
the first cervical respiration will be
segment. What maintained, thoracic
respiration changes respiration will
will be observed? disappear
D. Thoracic respiration
will be maintained,
diaphragmal
respiration will
disappear
E. I t w i l l b e c o m e

 44 After a traffic A. Right-hand side of the muscle paralysis of Right-hand side of

accident a 36-year- spinal cord the extremitis on the spinal cord
old patient has B. Motor cortex on the the right, lost pain
developed muscle left and thermal
paralysis of the C. Left-hand side of the sensitivity on the
extremitis on the spinal cord left, and partially
right, lost pain and D. Anterior horn of the l o s t tactile
thermal sensitivity spinal cord sensitivity on both
on the left, and E. Posterior horn of the sides
partially lost tactile spinal cord
sensitivity on both
sides. What part of
the brain is the most
likely to be
damaged?
45 A patient has A. Fasciculus gracilis d i s r u p t e d Fasciculus gracilis
damaged spinal B. Tr spinothalamicus proprioceptive
cord white matter in lateralis sensibility of the
the middle area of C. Tr spinocerebellaris lower limb joints
the posterior white anterior and muscles
column, disrupted D. Tr. spinocerebellaris
proprioceptive posterior
sensibility of the E. Fasciculus cuneatus
lower limb joints
and muscles. What
fibers are affected?
46 As a result of a road A. Th1 — Th5 u r i n a r y S2 - S4
accident a 37-year- B. L1 — L2 incontinence
old female victim C. S2 - S4
developed urinary D. Th2 — Th5
incontinence. What E. Th1 — L1
segments of the
spinal cord had
been damaged?
47 A patient got an A. Fascicle of Goll and l o s s o f t a c t i l e Fascicle of Goll
injury of spinal cuneate fascicle sensation, posture a n d c u n e a t e
marrow in a road B. A n t e r i o r s e n s e , v ib r a tio n fascicle
accident that caused spinocerebellar tract sense
loss of tactile C. Rubrospinal tract
sensation, posture D. Reticulospinal tract
sense, vibration E. Tectospinal tract
sense. What
conduction tracts
are damaged?

 48 In the course of an A. Auditory t h a l a m o c o r t i c a l Olfactory

e x p e r i m e n t B. Olfactory tracts were cut,
thalamocortical C. Exteroreceptive p e r c e p t i o n
tracts of an animal D. Visual remained intact
were cut. What type E. Nociceptive
of sensory
perception remained
intact?
49 A laboratory A. Superior colliculi of lost the orienting Inferior colliculi of
experiment on a dog corpora quadrigemina response to auditory c o r p o r a
was used to study B. Substantia nigra signals quadrigemina
central parts of C. Inferior colliculi of
auditory system. corpora quadrigemina
One of the D. Reticular formation
mesencephalon nuclei
structures was E. Red nucleus
destroyed. The dog
has lost the
orienting response
to auditory signals.
What structure was
destroyed?
50 A patient with A.Servical part of spinal p r o b l e m s w i t h Brainstem
disorder of cerebral cord deglutition
circulation has B.Brainstem
problems with C.Forebrain
deglutition. What D.Interbrain
part of cerebrum E. Midbrain
was damaged?
51 A 60 year old A. V p r o b l e m s w i t h XII
patient has B. XII formation and
problems with C. IX moving of food
formation and D. XI mass, tongue is
moving of food E. VII stiff, speaking is
mass, it disturbs impossible
eating process. His
tongue is stiff,
speaking is
impossible. What
52 Deglutition of a A. Spinal cord, Th II-IV Deglutition Medulla oblongata
patient is disturbed B. Medulla oblongata
as a result of a C. Spinal cord, С V-VI
trauma. The most D. Mesencephalon
probable cause of E. Hypothalamus
this disturbance is
affection of the
following part of
CNS:

 53 A 60-year-old man A. N u c l e a r s o f t h e felt asleep for a R e t i c u l a r

after cerebral cerebral nerves long time formation
hemorrhage felt B. Hippocampus
asleep for a long C. Reticular formation
time. Damage of D. Cortex of the large
what structure hemispheres
caused this state? E. Black substances
54 As a result of a cold A. Trigeminal abnormal pain and Trigeminal
a patient has the B. Sublingual temperature
abnormal pain and C. Accessory sensitivity of the
temperature D. Vagus frontal 2/3 of
sensitivity of the E. Glossopharyngeal tongue
frontal 2/3 of his
tongue. Which
nerve must be
damaged?
55 A patient consulted A. Vagus nerve l o s s o f t a s t e Glossopharyngeal
a doctor about loss B. Facial nerve sensitivity on the
of taste sensitivity C. S u p e r l a r y n g e a l tongue root
on the tongue root. nerve
The doctor revealed D. Trigeminal nerve
that it is caused by E.
n e r v e a ff e c t i o n . Glossopharyngeal
Which nerve is it?
56 A patient consulted A. Vestibulocochlear s e n s a t i o n o f Vestibulocochlear
a doctor about a nerve imbalance nerve
sensation of B. Trigeminal nerve
imbalance which C. Facial nerve
appeared after a D. I n t e r m e d i a t e
trauma. Which nerve
nerve is damaged? E. Vagus nerve
57 After destruction of A. Red nuclei orienting reflexes Quadrigeminal
CNS structure an B. Lateral vestibular plate
animal lost its nuclei
orienting reflexes. C. Black substance
What exactly was D. Quadrigeminal
destroyed? plate
E. Medial reticular
nuclei

 58 A patient presents A. Superior colliculi in p u p i l d o e s n o t Superior colliculi

with a pinpoint the midbrain tectum dilate, when the in the midbrain
pupil that does not B. Cerebral peduncles at lighting changes tectum
dilate, when the the level of the
lighting changes. superior colliculi in
Where was the the midbrain tectum
c e n t r a l n e r v o u s C. L a t e r a l g e n i c u l a t e
system damaged? body in the
diencephalon
D. Pes peduncula at the
level of the inferior
colliculi in the
midbrain tectum
E. Lateral horn of the
spinal cord’s gray
matter at the level of
C8-Th1
59 During experiment A. Frontal lobe a s y n e r g y a n d Cerebellum
a part of the brain B. Parietal lobe dysmetria
was extracted, C. Cerebellum
which resulted in D. Mesencephalon
asynergy and E. Reticulum
d y s m e t r i a
development in the
test animal. What
part of the brain was
extracted in the
animal?
60 Examination of a A. L a t e r a l g e n i c u l a t e the h e a r i n g Medial geniculate
patient with an bodies of thalamus impairment bodies of thalamus
interbrain injury B. Intralaminar nuclei of
revealed the hearing hypothalamus
impairment. What C. F r o n t a l n u c l e i o f
structures must be hypothalamus
damaged? D. M e d i a l g e n i c u l a t e
bodies of thalamus
E. M e d i a l n u c l e i o f
hypothalamus

 61 A 70-year-old A. Vestibular nuclei increased tonus of Red nuclei

patient is diagnosed B. Q u a d r i g e m i n a l flexor muscles,
with brainstem plate decreased tonus of
haemorrhage. C. Red nuclei extensor muscles.
Examination D. Black substance
revealed increased E. R e t i c u l a r
tonus of flexor formation
m u s c l e s
accompanied by
decreased tonus of
extensor muscles.
Such changes in
muscle tonus can be
explained by the
irri-tation of the
following brain
structures:
62 Due to destruction A. A n t e r i o r has lost its A n t e r i o r
of certain structures quadrigeminal orientation reflexes q u a d r i g e m i n a l
of the brainstem an bodies i n r e s p o n s e t o bodies
animal has lost its B. P o s t e r i o r strong light stimuli
orientation reflexes quadrigeminal
in response to bodies
strong light stimuli. C. Red nuclei
What structures D. Vestibular nuclei
were destroyed? E. Substantia nigra
63 After a hemorrhage A. Lateral reticular reflex of myosis as Vegetative nuclei
into the brainstem a nuclei a r e a c t i o n t o of oculomotor
patient has lost B. Vegetative nuclei increase o f nerve
reflex of myosis as of oculomotor illumination
a reaction to nerve
increase of C. Medial reticular
illumination. What nuclei
structure was D. Red nuclei
damaged? E. Black substance
64 In the experiment, A. Blue spot a rapid increase of Red nucleus
an animal had its B. Black substance extensor muscle
brain stem cut, C. Striatum tone (decerebrate
which caused a D. Red nucleus rigidity)
rapid increase of E. Gray tuber
extensor muscle
tone (decerebrate
rigidity). This
condition arose
because the muscles
were no more under
the control of the
following brain
structure:

 65 An injury to the A. Cerebellum injury apnoea Medulla oblongata

o c c i p i t a l r e g i o n B. Rapture between the injury
resulted in apnoea. mesencephalon and
What could be the medulla oblongata
immediate cause of C. Spinal cord rapture
apnoea? below the 5th
vertebra
D. Traumatic shock
E. Medulla oblongata
injury
66 A 36-year-old A. Mesencephalon a s w a l l o w i n g Medulla oblongata
patient had had a B. Diencephalon impairment
traumatic brain C. M e d u l l a
injury which caused oblongata
a swallowing D. R e t i c u l a r
impairment. Which formation
part of brain was E. Thalamus
affected?
67 Certain brain A. Ve n t r o m e d i a l p o l y p h a g i a Lateral nuclei of
structures of test nuclei of (abnormal desire to hypothalamus
animals have been hypothalamus consume excessive
subjected to B. Supraoptic nuclei amounts of food)
electrostimulation, of hypothalamus
as an experiment, C. Lateral nuclei of
resulting in hypothalamus
development of D. Adenohypophysis
p o l y p h a g i a E. Red nuclei
(abnormal desire to
consume excessive
amounts of food) in
test animals.
Electrodes have
been inserted in the
following brain
structures:
68 A patient with a A. Telencephalon r e s p i r a t o r y Medulla oblongata
craniocerebral B. Mesencephalon standstill
trauma has C. Cerebellum
respiratory D. M e d u l l a
standstill. What part oblongata
of cerebrum is most E. Thalamencephalo
likely to be n
damaged?

 69 Electrical activity of A. Diencephalon neurons fire prior to Medulla oblongata

neurons is being B. Mesencephalon and at the
measured. They fire C. Spinal cord beginning of
prior to and at the D. Cerebral cortex inhalation
beginning of E. M e d u l l a
inhalation. Where oblongata
are these neurons
situated?
70 The receptors under A. Olfactory transfer o f Olfactory
study provide B. Tactile information to the
transfer of C. Gustatory cortex without
information to the D. Visual t h a l a m i c
cortex without E. Auditory involvement
t h a l a m i c
involvement.
Specify these
receptors:
71 A person felt thirsty A. Sodium receptors felt thirsty, hot Osmoreceptors of
after staying under of hypothalamus weather hypothalamus
the conditions of B. Osmoreceptors of
hot weather for a liver
long time. Signals C. Osmoreceptors of
of what receptors hypothalamus
caused it first of all? D. Glucoreceptors of
hypothalamus
E. Baroreceptors of
aortic arch
72 In a cat with A. Destruction of the decerebrate rigidity Destruction of the
decerebrate rigidity vestibular nuclei vestibular nuclei of
the muscle tone is to of Deiters Deiters
be decreased. This B. Stimulation of the
can be achieved by: o t o l i t h i c
vestibular
receptors
C. Stimulation of the
vestibular nuclei
of Deiters
D. Stimulation of the
vestibulocochlear
nerve
E. Stimulation of the
a m p u l l a r
vestibular

 73 A patient presents A. Basal ganglions tremor, ataxia and Cerebellum

with the following B. Cerebellum a s y n e r g i a
motor activity C. Limbic system movements,
disturbances: D. Brainstem dysarthria
tremor, ataxia and E. M e d u l l a
a s y n e r g i a oblongata
movements,
dysarthria. The
disturbances are
most likely to be
localized in:
74 A male with a lesion A. Black substance asthenia, muscular Cerebellum
of one of the CNS B. R e t i c u l a r dystonia, balance
parts has asthenia, formation disorder
muscular dystonia, C. Red nuclei
balance disorder. D. Cerebellum
Which CNS part E. Vestibular nuclei
has been affected?
75 A 50 year-old patien A. The cerebellum d e r e g u l a t i o n o f The cerebellum
was injured on the B. T h e m e d u l l a walking and
occipital region of oblongata balance, trembling
the head. The closed C. The mind-brain of arms
skull’s trauma was D. The inter-brain
diagnosed. She was E. The spinal cord
taken to the
hospital. The
m e d i c a l
examination:
deregulation of
walking and
balance, trembling
of arms. What part
of brain was
76 During an animal A. R e t i c u l a r d e e p p r o l o n g e d R e t i c u l a r
experiment, surgical formation sleep formation
damage of certain B. Basal ganglion
brain structures has C. Red nuclei
caused deep D. Hippocampus
prolonged sleep. E. Cerebral cortex
What structure is
most likely to cause
such condition, if
damaged?
77 Brain tomography A. M e d u l l a the region of red Midbrain
revealed a tumour oblongata nucleus
in the region of red B. Midbrain
nucleus. What part C. Cerebellum
of brain is D. Interbrain
damaged? E. Pons cerebell

 78 Ve g e t a t i v e A. C e r e b r a l abnormalities in the Hypothalamus

abnormalities in the peduncles (cruces sleep, heat
sleep, heat cerebri) regulation, all kinds
regulation, all kinds B. M e s e n c e p h a l i c of metabolism,
of metabolism, tegmentum diabetes insipidus
diabetes insipidus C. Hypothalamus
are developing in D. Pons cerebelli
the patient due to E. Medulla
growth of the
tumour in the III
ventricle of brain.
Irritation of the
nucleus of what part
of the brain can
cause these
79 Parkinson’s disease A. Globus pallidus dopamine synthesis Substantia nigra
is caused by B. C o r p o r a
disruption of quadrigemina
dopamine synthesis. C. Red nucleus
What brain structure D. Hypothalamus
synthesizes this E. Substantia nigra
neurotransmitter?
80 A patient with A. M e d u l l a d i s r u p t e d Cerebellum
injury sustained to a oblongata coordination and
part of the central B. Oliencephalon m o v e m e n t
nervous system C. Mesencephalon amplitude, muscle
demonstrates D. Cerebellum tremor during
d i s r u p t e d E. Prosencephalon v o l i t i o n a l
coordination and movements, poor
m o v e m e n t muscle tone
amplitude, muscle
tremor during
v o l i t i o n a l
movements, poor
muscle tone. What
part of the central
nervous system was
81 Due to cranial A. Motor cortex intention tremor, Cerebellum
trauma the patient B. Black substance d y s m e t r y ,
developed the C. Pale sphere adiadochokinesis,
symptoms: intention D. Cerebellum dysarthria
tremor, dysmetry, E. Striatum
adiadochokinesis,
dysarthria. What
structure of the
brain is injured?

 82 A patient has lost A. Lobus occipitalis ability to recognize Lobus temporalis

ability to recognize B. Lobus frontalis the objects by
the objects by the C. Lobus temporalis sounds
typical for them D. Lobus parietalis
sounds (clock, bell, E. Insula
music). What part
of brain is most
likely damaged?
83 It is known that not A.Basal ganglia separates important Cerebral cortex
all sensory signals B.Thalamus information from
are consciously C.Cerebral cortex less important
registered by a D.Hypothalamus infotmation
person. This way E. Cerebellum
brain separates
i m p o r t a n t
information from
less important
infotmation. What
part of the brain
plays the main role
in this process?
84 As a result of a A.Posterior central d e c r e a s e d s k i n Posterior central
craniocerebral gyrus sensitivity gyrus
injury a patient has B.Occipital region
a decreased skin C.Cingulate gyrus
sensitivity. What D.Frontal cortex
area of the cerebral E. Anterior central
cortex may be gyrus
damaged?
85 A patient had a A.Superior part of m o t o r c e n t e r s Inferior part of
trauma that caused precentral gyrus regulating activity precentral gyrus
dysfunction of B.I n f e r i o r p a r t o f of head muscles
motor centers precentral gyrus
regulating activity C.Supramarginal gyrus
of head muscles. In D.Superior parietal
what parts of lobule
cerebral cortex can E. Angular gyrus
the respective centre
normally be
located?
86 A man sitting with A.Beta rhythm eyes closed, an Beta rhythm
his eyes closed, B.Theta rhythm audible signal
u n d e r g o e s C.Delta rhythm
electroencephalogra D.Alpha rhythm
phy. What rhythm E. Gamma rhythm
will be recorded on
the EEG if there is
an audible signal?

 87 C e r e b r a l A. Hippocampus taste sensibility Postcentral gyrus

hemorrhage caused B. Hypothalamus
serious disturbance C. Substantia nigra
of taste sensibility. D. Postcentral gyrus
What brain structure E. Amygdaloid body
is most likely to be
damaged?
88 After a A.Occipital lobe unable to recognize Postcentral gyrus
craniocerebral B.Temporal lobe objects by touch
injury a patient is C.Precentral gyrus
unable to recognize D.Postcentral gyrus
objects by touch. E. Cerebellum
What part of brain
has been damaged?
89 When a patient with A. Occipital zone of stopped t o Posterior central
t r a u m a t i c the cortex d i s t i n g u i s h gurus
impairment of the B. Parietal zone of the displacement of an
brain was cortex object on the skin
examined, it was C. F r o n t a l c e n t r a l
discovered that he gurus
had stopped to D. Posterior central
distinguish gurus
displacement of an E. Frontal zone
object on the skin.
What part of the
brain was damaged?
90 A patient had a A.Occipital sight loss Occipital
cranial trauma that B. Frontal
resulted in sight C. Parietal
loss. What area of D. Temporal
cerebral cortex was E. P a r i e t a l a n d
damaged? temporal
91 The patient’s mobile A. Alpha rhythm will mobile phone rang Alpha rhythm will
phone rang during increase change into beta
EEG recording. B. Alpha rhythm will rhythm
What changes will change into beta
be observed on the rhythm
EEG? C. Beta rhythm will
increase
D. Beta rhythm will
change into alpha
rhythm
E. Alpha rhythm will
change into delta
rhythm

 92 Examination of a A. Occipital lobe the t a c t i l e Posterior central

patient with a brain B. Parietal lobe sensitivity gyrus
cortex injury C. Frontal lobe
revealed that he had D. Posterior central
lost the tactile gyrus
sensitivity. What E. Anterior central
part of the cerebral gyrus
cortex is damaged?
93 A patient under A. Alpha waves stage of rapid eye Beta waves
examination is in a B. Delta waves movement sleep
stage of rapid eye C. Theta waves
movement sleep. D. Beta waves
This is confirmed E. Alpha spindles
by the following
waves registered by
EEG:
94 During a brain A. Postcentral gyrus tactile and thermal Postcentral gyrus
surgery it was noti- B. Precentral gyrus sensations
ced that stimulation C. Superior lateral
of certain zones of gyrus
cerebral cortex D. Cingulate gyrus
caused tactile and E. Parahippocampal
thermal sensations gyrus
in patient. Which
zone was being
stimulated?
95 During a neuro- A. Tactil occipital areas Visual
surgical operation B. Audiory
the occipital areas C.Olfactory
of cerebral cortex D.Visual
are stimulated. E. Gustatory
What sensations
will the patient
have?
96 A man having a A.Postcentral gyrus hearing loss Temporal
hearing loss after a B.Temporal
head trauma was C.Parietal
delivered to the D.Occipital
neurosurgery E. Frontal
department. The
cause of the hearing
loss might be the
damage of the
following lobe of
cerebral cortex:

 97 A patient has a A. Visual posterior central S k i n and

haemorrhage into B. Auditory gyrus proprioceptive
the posterior central C. Olfactory
gyrus. What type of D. Skin and
sensitivity on the proprioceptive
opposite side will E. A u d i t o r y a n d
be disturbed? visual
98 After a A. G y r u s lost the ability to G y r u s
craniocerebral supramarginalis e x e c u t e l e a r n e d supramarginalis
trauma a patient lost B. Gyrus angularis p u r p o s e f u l
the ability to C. G y r u s m o v e m e n t s
execute learned paracentralis (apraxia)
p u r p o s e f u l D. Gyrus lingualis
m o v e m e n t s E. G y r u s
(apraxia). The parahippocampalis
injury is most likely
localized in the
following region of
99 During a brain A. Superior temporal tactile and thermal Postcentral gyrus
surgery stimulation gyrus sensations
of the cerebral B. Postcentral gyrus
cortex resulted in C. Parahippocampal
tactile and thermal gyrus
sensations in the D. Precentral gyrus
patient. What gyrus E. C i n g u l a t e
was stimulated convolution
100 An aged man had A. Sympathoadrenal raise of arterial Sympathoadrenal
raise of arterial system pressure under a system
pressure under a B. Parasympathetic stress
stress. It was caused nucleus of vagus
by activation of: C. F u n c t i o n s o f
thyroid gland
D. F u n c t i o n s o f
adrenal cortex
E. H y p o p h y s i s
function
101 A man presents with A. Sympathetic increased heart rate, Sympathetic
increased heart rate, B. Parasympathetic mydriatic pupils,
mydriatic pupils, C. Metasympathetic dry mouth
dry mouth. This D. Vago-insular
condition results E. Hypothalamo-
from the activation pituitary-adrenal
of the following
system of function
regulation:

 102 During fighting a A. S y m p a t h e t i c a cardiac arrest, Parasympathetic

man had a cardiac unconditioned hard blow to the u n c o n d i t i o n e d
arrest as a result of reflexes upper region of reflexes
a hard blow to the B. Parasympathetic anterior abdominal
upper region of unconditioned wall
anterior abdominal reflexes
wall. Which of the C. Parasympathetic
d e s c r i b e d conditioned
mechanisms might reflexes
have provoked the D. S y m p a t h e t i c
cardiac arrest? conditioned
reflexes
E. P e r i p h e r i c
reflexes
103 A test animal A.Arterial dilation the sympathetic A r t e r i a l a n d
receives electrical B.Venous dilation nerve that v e n o u s
impulses that irritate C.Arterial and venous innervates blood constriction
the sympathetic dilation vessels of the skin
nerve that D.No reaction
innervates blood E.Arterial and venous
vessels of the skin. constriction
What reaction will
it cause in the blood
vessels?
104 In an experiment a A.A small amount of t h e s y m p a t h e t i c A small amount of
peripheral segment non-viscous saliva nerve t h a t viscous saliva
of the sympathetic B.A small amount of innervates the
nerve that viscous saliva sublingual gland
innervates the C.A large amount of
sublingual gland is viscous saliva
being stimulated. In D.A large amount of
this case this gland non-viscous saliva
will produce: E. No saliva
105 A 33-years-old man A.Vi s c e r o v i s c e r a l gastric perforation Vi s c e r o s o m a t i c
was diagnosed with reflex a n d p e r i t o n i t i s , reflex
gastric perforation B. Cutaneovisceral which resulted in
and peritonitis, reflex “board-like” muscle
which resulted in C. Viscerosomatic rigidity of the
“board-like” muscle reflex anterior abdominal
rigidity of the D.S o m a t o v i s c e r a l wall
anterior abdominal reflex
wall. What reflex E. Viscerocutaneous
causes this sign? reflex

 106 A patient complains A. Viscerovisceral pain in the heart Vi s c e r o v i s c e r a l

of pain in the heart reflex area during acute reflex
area during acute B. Vi s c e r o d e r m a l attack of gastric
attack of gastric reflex ulcer
ulcer. What C. V i s c e r o m o t o r
vegetative reflex reflex
can cause this D. Dermatovisceral
painful feeling? reflex
E. M o t o r- v i s c e r a l
reflex
107 During the prestart A. Parasympathetic the prestart period, S y m p a t h e t i c
period an athlete unconditioned increased frequency conditioned
develops increased B. S y m p a t h e t i c and force of cardiac
frequency and force conditioned contractions
of cardiac C. S y m p a t h e t i c
contractions. These unconditioned
changes are caused D. Parasympathetic
by intensification of conditioned
the following reflex E. Peripheral
responses:
108 During the sports A. S t i m u l a t i o n o f a strong blow to the S t i m u l a t i o n o f
competition a boxer parasympathetic abdomen, a brief parasympathetic
received a strong nerves d r o p i n b l o o d nerves
blow to the B. A l t e r a t i o n o f pressure
abdomen, which transcapillary
caused a knockout exchange
due to a brief drop C. Ischemia of the
in blood pressure. central nervous
What physiological system
mechanisms are the D. Abrupt change in
cause of this body fluid volume
condition? E. S t i m u l a t i o n o f
sympathetic
nerves
109 A peripheral A. Heart hurry vagus nerve was Heart rate fall
segment of vagus B. Heart rate fall stimulated
nerve on a dog’s C. Enhancement of
neck was being atrioventricular
stimulated in course conduction
of an experiment. D. Heart rate and
The following heart force
changes of cardiac amplification
activity could be E. I n c r e a s e d
m e a n w h i l e excitability of
observed: myocardium

 110 Cardiac arrest A. U n c o n d i t i o n e d Cardiac arrest, a U n c o n d i t i o n e d

occurred in a patient parasympathetic surgery of the small parasympathetic
during a surgery of reflexes intestine reflexes
the small intestine. B.U n c o n d i t i o n e d
What regulatory sympathetic
mechamisms reflexes
resulted in the C.C o n d i t i o n e d
cardiac arrest in this parasympathetic
case? reflexes
D.C o n d i t i o n e d
sympathetic
reflexes
E. Metasympathetic
reflexes
111 Pupil dilation A.S y m p a t h e t i c Pupil dilation Sympathetic
occurs when a conditioned reflex unconditioned
person steps from a B.Metasympathetic reflex
light room into a reflex
dark one. What C.P a r a s y m p a t h e t i c
reflex causes such a unconditioned
reaction? reflex
D.Parasympathetic
conditioned reflex
E.S y m p a t h e t i c
unconditioned
reflex
112 People with A. Motor-visceral diseases of internal Visceromotor
diseases of internal B.Viscero-visceral organs assume
organs often assume C.Visceromotor forced positions
forced positions D.Dermatovisceral
( e.g. with lower E. Viscerodermal
limbs flexed and
pressed to the
abdomen) due to the
following reflex
response:
113 In course of an A. Heart hurry peripheral section Heart rate fall
experiment a B. Heart rate fall of vagus is being
peripheral section of C. Pupil dilation stimulated
vagus of an D. Increase of
expiremental animal respiration rate
is being stimulated. E. Bronchi dilation
What changes will
be observed?

 114 While passing an A. Conditioned and passing an exam, C o n d i t i o n e d

exam a student gets u n c o n d i t i o n e d dry mouth sympathetic
dry mouth. It is sympathetic
caused by B. C o n d i t i o n e d
realization of such parasympathetic
reflexes: C. C o n d i t i o n e d
sympathetic
D. U n c o n d i t i o n e d
parasympathetic
E. U n c o n d i t i o n e d
sympathetic and
parasympathetic
115 A man has an A. Parasympathetic accelerated heart Sympathetic
accelerated heart B. Sympathetic rate, mydriatic
rate, mydriatic C. Metasympathetic pupils, dry mouth
pupils, dry mouth. It D. Vagoinsular
is caused by E. Hypothalamo-
activation of the pituitary-adrenal
following function
regulating system:
116 A student who A. C o n d i t i o n a l unexpectedly met C o n d i t i o n a l
unexpectedly met parasympathetic his girlfriend, an sympathetic
his girlfriend B. C o n d i t i o n a l increase in systemic
developed an sympathetic and arterial pressure
increase in systemic parasympathetic
arterial pressure. C. C o n d i t i o n a l
This pressure sympathetic
change was caused D. U n c o n d i t i o n a l
by the intensified parasympathetic
reali-zation of the E. U n c o n d i t i o n a l
following reflexes: sympathetic
117 What changes will A. Decrease of heart i n t r o d u c t i o n o f Increase of heart
be observed in an force adrenaline rate and force
isolated heart after B. Increase of heart
introduction of rate and force
adrenaline into the C. Increase of heart
perfusion solution? force
D. Diastolic arrest
E. Increase of heart
rate

 118 A 40-year-old A. Arteriolar dilation elevated blood I n c r e a s e d

person developed B. Decreased cardiac pressure after an sympathetic
elevated blood contraction e m o t i o n a l nervous system
pressure after an frequency excitement tone
e m o t i o n a l C. I n c r e a s e d
excitement. What is sympathetic
the likely cause of nervous system
this effect? tone
D. Hyperpolarization
of cardiomyocytes
E. I n c r e a s e d
parasympathetic
nervous system
tone
119 Corticosteroid A. Somatoliberin h y p o t h a l a m o - Corticoliberin
hormones regulate B. Somatostatin pituitary-adrenal
the adaptation C. Corticostatin axis
processes of the D. Corticoliberin
body as a whole to E. Thyroliberin
environmental
changes and ensure
the maintenance of
i n t e r n a l
homeostasis. What
hormone activates
the hypothalamo-
pituitary-adrenal
axis?
120 On examination the A. Decrease hormone low production of D e c r e a s e
patient is found to s y n t h e s i s i n t h e adrenocorticotropic adrenocorticotropi
have low production adrenal medulla hormone c hormones
o f B. D e c r e a s e i n s u l i n synthesis
adrenocorticotropic synthesis
hormone. How C. D e c r e a s e
would this affect adrenocorticotropic
production of the hormones synthesis
other hormones? D. Increase sex hormones
synthesis
E. I n c r e a s e t h y r o i d
hormones synthesis

 121 In the course of an A. Thyroid hormones adenohypophysis Tropic hormones

e x p e r i m e n t B. Tropic hormones removed
adenohypophysis of C. Somatotropin
an animal has been D. Cortisol
removed. The E. Thyroxin
resulting atrophy of
thyroid gland and
adrenal cortex has
been caused by
deficiency of the
following hormone:
122 Parodontitis is A. Parathormone stimulates tooth Calcitonin
treated with calcium B. Adrenalin mineralization,
preparations and a C. Calcitonin inhibits tissue
hormone that D. Aldosterone resorption
stimulates tooth E. Thyroxine
mineralization and
inhibits tissue
resorption. What
hormone is it?
123 In an acute test, a A. D e c r e a s e s vasopressin Increases water
narcotized dog c a l c i u m reabsorption
r e c e i v e d reabsorption
vasopressin, which B. Increases sodium
resulted in reabsorption
decreased C. Increases calcium
urine output, reabsorption
because this D. Decreases water
substance: reabsorption
E. Increases water
reabsorption
124 A 19-year-old A. Oxytocin I n c r e a s e d Aldosterone
young man has been B. Aldosterone potassium content
examined in a C. Adrenaline in secondary urine
nephrological D. Glucagon
hospital. Increased E. Testosterone
potassium content
was detected in
secondary urine of
the patient. Such
changes are the
most likely to be
caused by increased
secretion of the
following hormone:

 125 A 30-year-old A. Testosterone signs of virilism Testosterone

female exhibits B. Oestriol (growth of body
signs of virilism C. Relaxin hair, balding
(growth of body D. Oxytocin temples, menstrual
hair, balding E. Prolactin disorders)
temples, menstrual
disorders). This
condition can be
caused by the
overproduction of
the following
126 A 12-year-old A. Adipocytes w h i t e Melanocytes
patient has white B. Melanocytes nonpigmented spots
nonpigmented spots C. Fibrocytes on the skin
on the skin. The D. Plasmocytes
spots appeared after E. Labrocytes
the patient became
10 years old, and
they constantly
grow. This spots
appeared due to the
lack of the
following skin cells:
127 A 25-years-old A.Somatostatin decreased lactation Prolactin
woman, who gave B.Adrenocorticotropic
birth one month hormone
ago, complains of C.Insulin
decreased lactation. D.Glucagon
What hormone is E. Prolactin
deficient in this
case, causing this
condition?
128 There is only one A. Melatonin N e u r o h o r m o n e , Melatonin
hormone among the B. Vasopressin derivative of amino
neurohormones C. Somatotropin acids
which refers to the D. Oxytocin
derivatives of amino E. Thyroliberin
acids according to
classification. Point
it out:

 129 Usage of oral A. Thyrotropic oral contraceptives F o l l i c l e -

contraceptives with B. Oxytocin with sex hormones stimulating
sex hormones C. F o l l i c l e - inhibits secretion of
inhibits secretion of stimulating the hypophysiae
the hypophysiae D. Somatotropic hormones
hormones. Secretion E. Vasopressin
of which of the
indicated hormones
is inhibited while
using oral
contraceptives with
sex hormones?
130 Numerous effects of A. Endorphins proteins that form Somatomedins
the growth hormone B. Lipotropins in the liver in
occur due to certain C. Atriopeptins response to
proteins that form in D. G proteins somatotropin
the liver in response E. Somatomedins
to the action of
somatotropin. Name
these proteins:
131 Due to traumatic A. Cardiac cycle pineal gland Sleep-wake cycle
b r a i n i n j u r y, a B. Sleep-wake cycle
woman presents C. Respiratory rate
with functionally D. Heart rate
disturbed pineal E. Menstrual cycle
gland. What
functions will be
disturbed in this
woman?
132 A 40-year-old A. Thyrocalcitonin intensified basal Triiodothyronine
woman on B. Glucagon metabolic rate
examination C. Triiodothyronine
presents with D. Aldosterone
intensified basal E. Somatostatin
metabolic rate.
What hormone
present in excess
leads to such

 133 A 19-year-old A. Oxytocin High calcium in Aldosterone

young man was B. Aldosterone secondary urine
examined in a C. Adrenaline
nephrology clinic. D. Glucagon
High calcium was E. Testosterone
detected in his
secondary urine of
the patient. What
hormone is likely to
cause such change,
if it is produced in
excess?
134 Prolonged vomiting A. Vasopressin Dehydration, water Vasopressin
resulted in B. Aldosterone retention
dehydration of the C. N a t r i u r e t i c
p a t i e n t ’s b o d y. hormone
Under these D. Adrenaline
conditons, water E. Calcitonin
retention in the
body is ensured
primarily due to
increased secretion
of the following
hormone:
135 Intake of oral A. Vasopressin oral contraceptives G o n a d o t r o p i c
contraceptives B. T h y r o t r o p i c c o n t a i n i n g s e x hormone
containing sex hormone hormones inhibits
hormones inhibits C. S o m a t o t r o p i c secretion of the
secretion of the hormone hypophysiae
hypophysiae D. G o n a d o t r o p i c hormones
hormones. Secretion hormone
of which of the E. Oxytocin
indicated hormones
is inhibited while
taking oral
contraceptives with
sex hormones?

 136 A patient has a A. Reduced glucose d e c r e a s e d Reduced tubular

d e c r e a s e d reabsorption v a s o p r e s s i n reabsorption of
vasopressin B. Acceleration of synthesis, polyuria water
synthesis that glomerular
causes polyuria and filtration
as a result of it C. Reduced tubular
evident organism reabsorption of
dehydratation. What Na ions
is the mechanism of D. Reduced tubular
p o l y u r i a reabsorption of
development? protein
E. Reduced tubular
reabsorption of
water
137 A 19-year-old A. Thyroxine tachycardia in rest Thyroxine
female suffers from B. Cortisol condition, weight
tachycardia in rest C. Mineralocorticoid loss, excessive
condition, weight s s w e a t i n g ,
loss, excessive D. ACTH exophtalmos and
s w e a t i n g , E. Insulin irritability
exophtalmos and
irritability. What
hormone would you
expect to find
elevated in her
serum?
138 Examination of a A. Hyposecretion of o v e r g r o w t h o f Hypersecretion of
patient revealed the somatotropic facial bones and the somatotropic
overgrowth of facial hormone soft tissues, tongue hormone
bones and soft B. Hypersecretion of enlargement...
tissues, tongue the somatotropic
enlargement, wide hormone
interdental spaces in C. Hypersecretion of
the enlarged dental insulin
arch. What changes D. Hyposecretion of
of the hormonal thyroxin
secretion are the E. Hyposecretion of
most likely? insulin
139 A 32-year-old A. Somatotropin t h e a b s e n c e o f Prolactin
patient consulted a B. Vasopressin lactation after
doctor about the C. Prolactin parturition.
absence of lactation D. Thyrocalcitonin
after parturition. E. Glucagon
Such disorder might
be explained by the
deficit of the
following hormone:

 140 A female patient A. Progesterone e n d o c r i n e Estrogen

presents with B. Lutropin dysfunction of
e n d o c r i n e C. Estrogen follicular cells of
dysfunction of D. F o l l i c l e the ovarian follicles
follicular cells of stimulating
the ovarian follicles hormone
resulting from an E. Follistatine
inflammation. The
synthesis of the
following hormone
will be inhibited:
141 A patient complains A. Adenohypophysis h y d r u r i a , Neurohypophysis
of hydruria (7 liters B. I s l e t s o f polydipsia, no
per day) and Langerhans disorders of
polydipsia. (pancreatic islets) c a r b o h y d r a t e
Examination reveals C. Adrenal cortex metabolism.
no disorders of D. Neurohypophysis
carbohydrate E. Adrenal medulla
metabolism. These
abnormalities might
be caused by the
dysfunction of the
following endocrine
gland:
142 Examination of a 32 A. Epiphysis d i s p r o p o r t i o n a l Hypophysis
year old patient B. Pancreas skeleton size,
r e v e a l e d C. Thyroid enlargement of
disproportional D. Hypophysis super ciliary arches,
skeleton size, E. Suprarenal nose, lips, tongue,
enlargement of jaw bones, feet
super ciliary arches,
nose, lips, tongue,
jaw bones, feet.
What gland’s
function was
disturbed?

 143 By producing a A. C h o r i o n i c hormone for early C h o r i o n i c

number of gonadotropin pregnancy detection gonadotropin
hormones placenta B. Somatostatin (the third or the
plays a part of C. Progesterone fourth day after
t e m p o r a r y D. Vasopressin begin of
endocrine gland. E. Oxytocin implantation)
What hormone may
be detected in
woman’s blood on
the third or the
fourth day after
begin of
implantation, that is
used in medicine for
early pregnancy
144 A 20 y.o. patient A. Oxytocin b l o o d g l u c o s e Vasopressin
complains about B. Insulin concentration is
morbid thirst and C. Vasopressin normal, no glucose
profuse urination D. Triiodothyronine in urine
(up to 10 l a day). E. Cortisol
G l u c o s e
concentration in
blood is normal,
urine contains no
glucose. Such
condition may be
caused by
deficiency of the
following hormone:
145 Examination of a A. Somatostatin e n l a r g e m e n t o f Somatotropin
patient revealed B. Tetraiodothyronin some body parts
enlargement of e
some body parts C. Triiodothyronine
(jaw, nose, ears, D. Somatotropin
feet, hands), but E. Cortisol
body proportions
were conserved. It
might be caused by
intensified secretion
of the following
hormone:

 146 Pancreas is known A. It activates both Insulin It inhibits GP and
as a mixed gland. GP and GS activates GS
Endocrine functions B. It inhibits GP and
include production activates GS
of insulin by beta C. It inhibits both GP
cells. This hormone and GS
affects the D. It activates GP
metabolism of and inhibits GS
carbohydrates. E. It does not affect
What is its effect the activity of GP
upon the activity of and GS
g l y c o g e n
phosphorylase (GP)
and glycogen
147 Before the cells can A. Insulin glucoze i s Insulin
utilize the glucoze, B. Glucagon transported from
it is first transported C. Thyroxin the extracellular
from the D. Aldosterone space inside cells
extracellular space E. Adrenalin
through the
p l a s m a t i c
membrane inside
them. This process
is stimulated by the
following hormone:
148 A patient has the A. Thyrocalcitonin decrease of Са2+ Parathormone
sudden decrease of B. Aldosterone content in blood,
С а2+ c o n t e n t i n C. Parathormone secretion of …. will
blood. What D. Vasopressin increase
hormone secretion E. Somatotropin
will increase?
149 A patient with signs A. Calcitonin hypercalcemia and P a r a t h y r o i d
of osteoporosis and B. Cortisol hypophosphatemia, hormone
urolithiasis has been C. Aldosterone abnormal synthesis
admitted to the D. Calcitriol of ….
endocrinology E. Parathyroid
department. Blood hormone
test has revealed
hypercalcemia and
hypophosphatemia.
These changes are
associated with
abnormal synthesis
of the following
hormone:

 150 A 2-year-old child A. P a r a t h y r o i d lowering calcium Parathyroid glands

experienced glands ions concentration
convulsions because B. Hypophysis in the blood plasma
of lowering calcium C. Adrenal cortex
ions concentration D. Pineal gland
in the blood plasma. E. Thymus
Function of what
structure is
decreased?
151 A child has A. Thyrocalcitonin low concentration Parathormone
abnormal formation B. Thyroxin of calcium ions in
of tooth enamel and C. S o m a t o t r o p i c blood,
dentin as a result of hormone deficiency of …
low concentration D. Parathormone
of calcium ions in E. Triiodothyronine
blood. Such
abnormalities might
be caused by
deficiency of the
following hormone:
152 A child presents A. Somatotropic p s y c h i c a n d Thyroxin
with symptoms of B. Calcitonin physical retardation
psychic and C. Insulin (cretinism)
physical retardation D. Thyroxin
(cretinism). It is E. Testosterone
usually associated
with the following
h o r m o n e
deficiency:
153 Some diseases A. Testicle aldosteronism Adrenal glands
reveal symptoms of B. Adrenal glands
aldosteronism with C. Ovaries
hypertension and D. Pancreas
edema due to E. Hypophysis
sodium retention in
the organism. What
organ of the internal
secretion is affected
on aldosteronism?

 154 Indirect calorimetry A. Thyrocalcitonin, a 30% decrease in Triiodothyronine,

allowed to establish parathormone basal metabolic rate tetraiodothyronine
that a 30-year-old B. Glucocorticoids
male patient had a C. Triiodothyronine,
30% decrease in tetraiodothyronine
basal metabolic D. Catecholamines
rate. This might be E. S o m a t o l i b e r i n ,
caused by the somatostatin
r e d u c e d
concentration of the
following hormones
in blood plasma:
155 A 12-year-old child A. Insulin d i s p r o p o r t i o n a t e Thyroxine
is of short stature, B. Cortisol body structure,
has disproportionate C. Somatotropin mental retardation
body structure and D. Thyroxine
mental retardation. E. Glucagon
T h e s e
characteristics
might be caused by
the hyposecretion of
the following
hormone:
156 Parents of a 10 year A. Of somatotropin extension of hair- Of testosterone
old boy consulted a B. Of oestrogen covering, growth of
doctor about C. Of testosterone beard and
extension of hair- D. Of progesterone moustache, low
covering, growth of E. Of cortisol voice
beard and
moustache, low
voice. Intensified
secretion of which
hormone must be
assumed?
157 The B cells of A. The content of B cells of endocrine The content of
endocrine portion of f i b r i n o g e n portion of pancreas sugar increases
pancreas are decrease are damaged
selectively damaged B. The level of sugar
by alloxan decreases
poisoning. How will C. The content of
it be reflected in sugar increases
blood plasma? D. The content of
g l o b u l i n s
decreases
E. The content of

 158 Inhabitants of A. Thyroxin a n a d a p t i v e Thyroxin

territories with cold B. Insulin thermoregulatory
climate have high C. Glucagon hormone
content of an D. Somatotropin
a d a p t i v e E. Cortisol
thermoregulatory
hormone. What
hormone is meant?
159 A man after 1,5 litre A. Corticotropin blood loss, reduced Vasopressin
blood loss has B. Natriuretic diuresis, increased
suddenly reduced C. Cortisol secretion of …
diuresis. The D. Parathormone
increased secretion E. Vasopressin
of what hormone
caused such diuresis
alteration?
160 A patient with A. Aldosterone p i t u i t a r y t u m o r, Vasopressin
pituitary tumor B. N a t r i u r e t i c i n c r e a s e d d a i l y
complains of hormone diuresis, blood
increased daily C. Vasopressin g l u c o s e
diuresis (polyuria). D. Insulin concentration 4,8
G l u c o s e E. Angiotensin I mmol/l (normal)
concentration in
blood plasma equals
4,8 mmol/l. What
hormone can be the
cause of this if its
secretion is
disturbed?
161 A person has A. Aldosterone reduced diuresis, Aldosterone
reduced diuresis, B. Vasopressin hypernatremia,
hypernatremia, C. A u r i c u l a r hypokalemia,
hypokalemia. sodiumuretic hypersecretion of
Hypersecretion of factor …
what hormone can D. Adrenalin
cause such changes? E. Parathormone
162 Kidneys of a man A. Thyrocalcitonin increased resorbtion Parathormone
under examination B. Hormonal form of calcium ions and
show increased D3 d e c r e a s e d
resorbtion of C. Aldosterone resorbtion of
calcium ions and D. Parathormone phosphate ions
d e c r e a s e d E. Vasopressin
resorbtion of
phosphate ions.
What hormone
causes this

 163 A middle-aged man A. P a r a t h y r o i d u n e m p l o y e d f o r Adrenal glands

went to a foreign glands quite a long time
country because he B. Seminal glands (stress)
had been offered a C. Substernal gland
job there. However D. Thyroid gland
he had been E. Adrenal glands
unemployed for
quite a long time.
What endocrine
glands were
exhausted most of
all in this man?
164 Lungs of a preterm A. Underdeveloped a t e l e c t a s i s S u r f a c t a n t
infant have areas of inspiration ( p u l m o n a r y deficiency
a t e l e c t a s i s muscles collapse)
(pulmonary B. Surfactant excess
collapse). The main C. Diminished force
cause is: of surface tension
of lungs
D. S u r f a c t a n t
deficiency
E. Increased viscous
resistance
165 Intrapleural A. Quiet expiration I n t r a p l e u r a l Forced inspiration
pressure is being B. Quiet inspiration pressure is - 25 cm
measured in a C. Forced inspiration H 2O
person. In what D. Forced expiration
phase does a person E. Ventilation
hold his breath if
the pressure is - 25
cm H2O?
166 Part of alveoles of a A. By pure oxygene enhanced elastic B y s u r f a c t a n t
preterm infant inhalation recoil of lungs introduction
didn’t spread B. B y a r t i f i c i a l
because of pulmonary
enhanced elastic ventilation
recoil of lungs. How C. By fluid suction
can this recoil be from the
reduced? respiratory tracts
D. B y g l y c o s e
introduction
E. B y s u r f a c t a n t
introduction
167 A man’s intrapleural A. Quiet inspiration i n t r a p l e u r a l Quiet inspiration
pressure is being B. Quiet expiration pressure 7,5 cm Hg
measured. In what C. Forced inspiration
phase did the man D. Forced expiration
hold his breath, if E. -
his pressure is 7,5
cm Hg?

 168 A doctor asked a A. A b d o m i n a l breath out fully A b d o m i n a l

patient to breath out muscles a f t e r t a k i n g a muscles
fully after taking a B. E x t e r n a l normal breath
normal breath. What intercostal
muscles contract muscles
during such C. Diaphragm
exhalation? D. Trapezius muscles
E. Pectoral muscles
169 A doctor asked a A. E x t e r n a l deep exhalation A b d o m i n a l
patient to make a intercostal a f t e r a n o r m a l muscles
deep exhalation muscles inhalation
after a normal B. A b d o m i n a l
inhalation. What muscles
muscles contract C. Diaphragm
during such D. Trapezius muscles
exhalation? E. Pectoral muscles
170 A f t e r A. Decrease of CO2 A f t e r Decrease of CO2
hyperventilation an pressure hyperventilation, a pressure
athlete developed a B. Decrease of pH brief respiratory
brief respiratory C. Increase of CO2 arrest
arrest. It occurred pressure
due to the following D. Decrease of O2
changes in the pressure
blood: E. Increase of CO2
and O2 pressure
171 During ascent into A. Increase of CO2 ascent i n t o Decrease of O2
mountains a person partial pressure m o u n t a i n s , partial pressure
develops increased B. Decrease of O2 i n c r e a s e d
respiration rate and partial pressure respiration rate,
rapid heart rate. C. Increase of blood rapid heart rate
What is the cause of pH
these changes? D. I n c r e a s e o f
nitrogen content
in air
E. Increase of air
humidity
172 During training A. Vital capacity p e r f o r m i n g Functional residual
session in the B. R e s p i r a t o r y s p i r o g r a p h y , capacity
laboratory the minute volume CANNOT
students were C. F u n c t i o n a l
p e r f o r m i n g residual capacity
spirography on D. Respiration rate
themselves. What E. M a x i m a l
indicator CANNOT breathing capacity
be measured with
this method?

 173 A young woman A. Juxtaglomerular strongly smelt of Irritant

who entered a B. Pleura receptors paints and
p r o d u c t i o n C. C e n t r a l varnishes, a
department where it chemoreceptors bronchospasm
strongly smelt of D. Irritant
paints and varnishes E. P e r i p h e r a l
had a chemoreceptors
bronchospasm. This
reflex was caused
by irritation of the
following receptors:
174 A person has A. V i t a l lung i n c r e a s e d Respiratory
i n c r e a s e d capacity p u l m o n a r y volume
p u l m o n a r y B. R e s p i r a t o r y ventilation
ventilation due to volume
physical exertion. C. I n s p i r a t o r y
What indicator of reserve volume
external respiration D. Expiratory reserve
will be significantly volume
increased compared E. T o t a l lung
to the resting state? capacity
175 A female patient, A. Juxtacapillary (J) lots of dust in the Irritant receptors
having visited the receptors air, got cough
factory premises B. Irritant receptors
with lots of dust in C. Stretch receptors
the air for the first of lungs
time, has got cough D. Proprioceptors of
and burning pain in respiratory
the throat. What muscles
respiratory E. Thermoreceptors
receptors, when
irritated, cause this
kind of reaction?
176 Child asked you to A. Backup volume of puff up the balloon Vital volume of the
puff up the balloon the inspiration as much as possible lungs
as much as possible B. I n s p i r a t i o n for a one exhalation
for a one exhalation. volume
What air volume C. Total volume of
will you use? the lungs
D. F u n c t i o n a l
residual volume
E. Vital volume of
the lungs

 177 Voluntary breath- A. Increased tension Voluntary breath- Increased tension

holding caused of O2 in blood holding, increase of of CO2 in blood
increase of B. Decreased tension respiration depth
respiration depth of O2 in blood and frequency
and frequency. The C. Decreased tension
main factor of CO2 in blood
stimulating these D. Increased tension
changes of external of CO2 in blood
respiration is: E. D e c r e a s e d
concentration of
H + in blood
178 A patient has a A. Expiratory reserve a t r a u m a o f Inspiratory reserve
trauma of volume sternocleidomastoid volume
sternocleidomastoid B. R e s p i r a t o r y muscle
muscle. This caused capacity
a decrease in value C. I n s p i r a t o r y
of the following reserve volume
indicator of external D. Residual volume
respiration: E. F u n c t i o n a l
residual lung
capacity
179 To a s s e s s t h e A. I n s p i r a t o r y functional residual Expiratory reserve
e ff e c t i v e n e s s o f reserve volume capacity volume and
breathing in and residual residual volume
patients, the volume
indicator of B. I n s p i r a t o r y
functional residual reserve volume,
capacity is used. It tidal volume,
includes the residual volume
following volumes: C. Expiratory reserve
volume and
residual volume
D. Expiratory reserve
volume and tidal
volume
E. I n s p i r a t o r y
reserve volume
and tidal volume
180 During recording of A. F u n c t i o n a l a patient calmly Functional residual
a spirogram a residual capacity exhaled capacity
patient calmly B. P u l m o n a r y
exhaled. How do we residual volume
call the volume of C. Expiratory reserve
air remaining in the volume
lungs? D. Tidal volume
E. Vital capacity of
lungs

 181 Spirogram analysis A. Residual volume decreased depth and Respiratory minute
shows decreased B. R e s p i r a t o r y f r e q u e n c y o f volume
depth and frequency minute volume respirations
of respirations in C. Vital capacity of
the person, which in lungs
turn leads to D. Expiratory reserve
decrease in the: volume
E. I n s p i r a t o r y
reserve volume
182 A lung of a A. Alveocytes type II d e f i c i e n c y o f Alveocytes type II
premature infant is B. Alveocytes type I surfactant
presented on C. A l v e o l a r
e l e c t r o n i c macrophages
photomicrography D. Secretory cells
of biopsy material. E. Fibroblast
Collapse of the
alveolar wall caused
by the deficiency of
surfactant was
r e v e a l e d .
Dysfunction of what
cells of the alveolar
wall caused it?
183 A patient has A. Oxygen capacity increased thickness D i f f u s i n g l u n g
increased thickness of blood of alveolar-capillary capacity
of alveolar-capillary B. R e s p i r a t o r y membrane
membrane caused minute volume
by a pathologic C. Diffusing lung
process. The direct capacity
consequence will be D. A l v e o l a r
reduction of the ventilation of
following value: lungs
E. Expiratory reserve
volume
184 A man took a quiet A. Vi t a l l u n g a quiet expiration Functional residual
expiration. Name an capacity capacity
air volume that is B. Residual
m e a n w h i l e volume
contained in his C. Expiratory
lungs: r e s e r v e
volume
D. Respiratory
volume
E. Functional
r e s i d u a l
capacity

 185 Lung ventilation in A. R e s p i r a t o r y Lung ventilation is R e s p i r a t o r y

a person is volume increased volume
increased as a result B. Vital capacity of
of physical activity. lungs
Which of the C. I n s p i r a t o r y
following indices of reserve volume
the external D. Expiratory reserve
respiration is much volume
higher than in a E. T o t a l lung
state of rest? capacity
186 A 35 year old man A. No changes will disruption of spinal It will come to a
got an injury that be observed cord at the level of standstill
caused complete B. D i a p h r a g m a l the first cervical
disruption of spinal respiration will be segment
cord at the level of maintained,
the first cervical t h o r a c i c
segment. What respiration will
respiration changes disappear
will be observed? C. It will come to a
standstill
D. T h o r a c i c
respiration will be
maintained,
diaphragmal
respiration will
disappear
E. It will become
187 Vagus nerves of an A. Respiration will Vagus nerves have Respiration will
experimental animal become deep and been cut on the both become deep and
have been cut on the infrequent sides infrequent
both sides. What B. Respiration will
respiratory changes become shallow
will result from and frequent
this? C. Respiration will
become deep and
frequent
D. Respiration will
become shallow
and infrequent
E. There will be no
respiratory
changes

 188 A group of A. Intensification of height of 3000 m, Hyperventilation

mountain climbers acidogenesis decrease of HCO3
went through the B. Hypoventilation
blood analysis at the C. D e c r e a s e o f
height of 3000 m. It ammoniogenesis
revealed decrease of D. D e c r e a s e o f
HCO3 to 15 bicarbonate
micromole/l reabsorption in
(standard is 22- kidneys
micromole/l). What E. Hyperventilation
is the mechanism of
HCO3 decrease?
189 The patient's saliva A. Lysozyme saliva component Lysozyme
has been tested for B. Ceruloplasmin has antibacterial
antibacterial C. Parotin properties
activity. What saliva D. Cholesterol
component has E. Amylase
antibacterial
properties?
190 What component of A. Starch component of a diet Cellulose
a human diet cannot B. Cellulose cannot be digested
be digested in the C. Lipids
gastrointestinal D. Protein
tract, but E. Sucrose
nevertheless is a
necessary part of
nutrition?
191 A 60 year old A. Carbohydrates dysfunction of main Carbohydrates
patient was found to B. Fats digestive enzyme of
have a dysfunction C. Proteins saliva
of main digestive D. Cellulose
enzyme of saliva. E. Lactose
This causes the
disturbance of
primary hydrolysis
of:
192 When investigating A. Proteins h y d r o l y t i c Starch
human saliva it is B. Fats properties of saliva
necessary to assess C. Starch
its hydrolytic D. Fiber
properties. What E. Amino acids
substance should be
used as a substrate
in the process?

 193 Protective function A. Alpha-amylase enzyme h a s Lysozyme

of saliva is based on B. O l i g o - 1 , 6 - bactericidal action
s e v e r a l glucosidase
mechanisms, C. Collagenase
including the D. Lysozyme
presence of enzyme E. B e t a -
has bactericidal glucuronidase
action and causes
lysis of complex
c a p s u l a r
polysaccharides of
staphylococci and
streptococci. Name
this enzyme:
194 In course of an A. A small quantity c h o r d a t y m p a n i A. A lot of
experiment chorda of fluid saliva being stimulated fluid saliva
tympani of an B. C. Saliva wasn’t
animal were being excreted
stimulated by C. A lot of fluid
electric current, as a saliva
result the parotid D. A small quantity
duct excreted: of viscous saliva
E. E. A lot of viscous
saliva
195 Mucous tunics of A. Fibrinolysin enzyme that causes Lysozyme
the human body B. Opsonin lysis of bacteria
often produce an C. Lysozyme
enzyme that causes D. Complement
lysis of bacteria. E. Hyaluronidase
This enzyme is
present in tears,
saliva, and
gastrointestinal
mucus. Name this
enzyme:
196 A man consumes A. Buccal dry food Parotide
dry food. What B. Submandibular
salivary glands C. Sublingual
secret most of all? D. Parotide
E. Palatine

 197 A patient with A. Irritation of taste c o n c e n t r a t e d Stimulation of
hypersecretion of receptors b o u i l l o n s , gastrin production
the gastric juices B. I r r i t a t i o n o f s t i m u l a t i o n o f by G-cells
was recomended to mechanoreceptors gastric secretion
e x c l u d e of the oral cavity
concentrated C. S t i m u l a t i o n o f
bouillons and gastrin production
v e g e t a b l e by G-cells
decoctions from the D. I r r i t a t i o n o f
diet because of their mechanoreceptors
stimulation of of the stomach
gastric secretion. E. S t i m u l a t i o n o f
What is dominating excretion of
mechanism of secretin in the
stimulation of duodenum
secretion in this
198 A newborn child A. Pepsin milk curdling Renin
suffers from milk B. Gastrin
curdling in stomach, C. Renin
this means that D. Secretin
soluble milk E. Lipase
proteins (caseins)
transform to
insoluble proteins
(paracaseins) by
means of calcium
ions and a certain
enzyme. What
enzyme takes part
in this process?
199 A 35-year-old man A. Histamine a n t r e c t o m y , Gastrin
with peptic ulcer B. Secretin disrupted secretion
disease has C. Gastrin of …
u n d e r g o n e D. Cholecystokinin
antrectomy. After E. Neurotensin
the surgery
secretion of the
f o l l o w i n g
gastrointestinal
hormone will be
disrupted the most:
200 A patient has A. Cholecystokinin surgical removal of Gastrin
undergone surgical B. Secterin the pylorus
removal of the C. Gastric inhibitory
pylorus. Decreased polypeptide
secretion of the D. Histamine
following hormone E. Gastrin
can be expected:

 201 A patient has a A. Saliva critical impairment Pancreatic juice

critical impairment B. Gastric juice of protein, fat and
of protein, fat and C. Bile hydrocarbon
hydrocarbon D. Pancreatic juice digestion, low
digestion. Most E. Intestinal juice secretion
likely it has been
caused by low
secretion of the
following digestive
juice:
202 Removal of A. PP C a a b s o r p t i o n D3
gallbladder of a B. C through the
patient has C. D3 intestinal wall
disturbed processes D. B12
of Ca absorption E. K
through the
intestinal wall.
What vitamin will
stimulate this
process?
203 Examination of a A. Protein digestion decrease synthesis Fat emulsification
patient suffering B. C a r b o h y d r a t e and secretion of
from chronic digestion bile acids
hepatitis revealed a C. G l y c e r i n
significant decrease absorption
in the synthesis and D. Fat emulsification
secretion of bile E. A m i n o a c i d
acids. What process absorption
will be mainly
disturbed in the
patient’s bowels?
204 A 30 year old A. Somatostatin s u b n o r m a l Cholecystokinin-
woman has B. Secretin concentration of pancreozymin
s u b n o r m a l C. G a s t r o - enzymes in the
concentration of inhibiting pancreatic juice
enzymes in the peptide
pancreatic juice. D. Cholecystokin
This might be i n -
caused by the pancreozymin
hyposecretion of the E. Vaso-intestinal
following gastroi- peptide
ntestinal hormone:

 205 Obturation of the A. Protein decreased bile flow C. Lipids

patient’s bile duct B. P r o t e i n s a n d into the duodenum
resulted in carbohydrates
decreased bile flow C. Lipids
into the duodenum, D. Carbohydrates
which, in turn, E. Mineral salts
caused problems
with absorption of:
206 A patient presents A. Bile acids s t e a t o r r h e a , Bile acids
with steatorrhea. B. Carbohydrates disturbed supply of
This disorder can be C. Tripsin the intestine with…
linked to disturbed D. Chymotrypsin
supply of the E. Amylase
intestine with the
f o l l o w i n g
substances:
207 A 30-year-old A. F a t s , E n t e r o k i n a s e P r o t e i n s , f a t s ,
woman was carbohydrates deficiency cause carbohydrates
diagnosed with B. P r o t e i n s , disturbance
i n s u ff i c i e n c y o f carbohydrates
exocrinous function C. P r o t e i n s , f a t s ,
of pancreas. carbohydrates
Hydrolisis of what Proteins
nutrients will be D. Proteins, fats
disturbed?
208 Disturbed activity A. Enterokinase activity of trypsin Enterokinase
of trypsin and B. Pepsin and chymotrypsin
chymotrypsin leads C. Bile acids depends on
to disturbed protein D. Hydrochloric acid
breakup in the small E. Na+ salts
intestine. Activity of
these enzymes
depends on the
presence of the
following factor:
209 Secretion of which A. Neurotensin S e c r e t i o n Cholecystokinin
gastrointestinal B. Cholecystokinin decreased, removed and secretin
hormones is and secretin duodenum
primerily decreased C. Histamine
in patient with D. Gastrin
r e m o v e d E. G a s t r i n a n d
duodenum? histamine

 210 Stool test detects in A. Pancreatic a large amount of Pancreatic lipases

the patients feces a amylase u n d ig e s te d f a ts ,
large amount of B. Pancreatic lipases disturbed secretion
undigested fats. C. Pancreatic
This patient is the proteases
most likely to have D. Bile lipase
disturbed secretion E. Gastric protease
of the following
enzymes:
211 A 60-years-old man A. Lipase I n c o m p l e t e Lipase
complains of pain in B. Maltase digestion of fats,
his lower abdomen C. Pepsin deficiency of …
and frequent stools. D. Enterokinase
Stool analysis E. Aminopeptidase
shows increased
levels of neutral fats
i n t h e p a t i e n t ’s
feces. Incomplete
digestion of fats is
caused by the
deficiency of a
certain enzyme.
Name this enzyme:
212 The laboratory has A. Bile digestive juice pH Gastric juice
received a sample B. Intestinal juice is 2.2
of digestive juice C. Saliva
for analysis. Its pH D. Gastric juice
is 2.2. Name this E. Pancreatic juice
digestive juice:
213 Due to the blockage A. Protein absorption the biliary flow to Fat emulsification
of the common bile B. Carbohydrate the duodenum was
duct (which was hydrolysis stopped
radiographically C. Fat emulsification
confirmed), the D. Secretion of
biliary flow to the hydrochloric acid
duodenum was E. S a l i v a t i o n
stopped. We should inhibition
expect the
impairment of:

 214 A newborn develops A. Invertase dyspepsia after the Lactase

dyspepsia after the B. Maltase milk feeding
milk feeding. When C. Amylase
the milk is D. Lactase
substituted by the E. Isomaltase
glucose solution the
d y s p e p s i a
s y m p t o m s
d i s a p p e a r. T h e
newborn has the
subnormal activity
of the following
enzyme:
215 A patient consumed A. Pepsin increase of rate of Tripsin
a lot of reach in B. Enterokinase proteolytic enzymes
proteins food that C. Tripsin of pancreatic juice
caused increase of D. Gastricsin
rate of proteolytic E. Renin
enzymes of
pancreatic juice. It
is also accompanied
by increase of rate
of the following
enzyme:
216 A 30-year-old male A. Pepsin P a n c r e a t i t i s , a Tripsin
patient with acute B. Lipase disorder of cavitary
pancreatitis has C. Dipeptidase protein digestion
been found to have D. Tripsin
a disorder of E. Amylase
cavitary protein
digestion. The
reason for such
condition can be the
hyposynthesis and
hyposecretion of the
following enzyme:
217 A patient has a A. Of bile pigments a d i s t u r b e d Of bile acids
disturbed absorbtion B. Of sodium ions absorbtion of fat
of fat hydrolysates. C. O f l i p o s o l u b l e hydrolysates
It might have been vitamins
caused by a deficit D. Of bile acids
in the small E. O f l i p o l y t i c
intestine cavity: enzymes

 218 A patient has A. Fat absorption a large amount of Fat absorption

normally coloured B. Fat hydrolysis free fatty acids
stool including a C. Biliary excretion
large amount of free A. Choleresis
fatty acids. The B. Lipase secretion
reason for this is a
disturbance of the
following process:
219 While determining A. Proteins t h e r e s p i r a t o r y Carbohydrates
power inputs of a B. Fats coefficient 1,0
patient’s organism it C. P r o t e i n s a n d
was established that carbohydrates
the respiratory D. Carbohydrates
coefficient equaled E. C a r b o h y d r a t e s
1,0. This means that and fats
in the cells of the
patient the
f o l l o w i n g
substances are
mainly oxidized:
220 When measuring A. 0,8 1000 ml oxygen 0,8
power inputs of a B. 1,25 consumption and
man by the method C. 0,9 800 ml carbon
of indirect D. 0,84 dioxide liberation
calorimetry the E. 1,0 per minute
following results
were obtained: 1000
ml oxygen
consumption and
800 ml carbon
dioxide liberation
per minute. The
man under
examination has the
f o l l o w i n g
respiratory
221 Respiratory quotient A.Mainly containing respiratory quotient Mainly containing
was measured in a proteins and lipids was 1.0 carbohydrates
patient, who for 10 B.Mainly containing
days was keeping to proteins and
a strict diet. The carbohydrates
patient’s respiratory C.Mainly containing
quotient was 1.0. lipids and
What kind of diet carbohydrates
was it? D.Mainly containing
carbohydrates
E.Mixed type

 222 In a young man A.Carbohydrates the minute oxygen Carbohydrates

during exercise, the B.Proteins uptake and carbon
minute oxygen C.Fats dioxide emission
uptake and carbon D.Carbohydrates and equalled to 1000 ml
dioxide emission fats
equalled to 1000 ml. E.Carbohydrates and
What substrates are proteins
oxidized in the cells
of his body?
223 A diet must contain A. They are part of plasticity function They are a part of
fats. What plasticity c e l l u l a r i o n of fats c e l l u l a r
function do they channels membranes
fulfill in the body? B. They are a part of
glycocalyx
C. They are a part of
c e l l u l a r
membranes
D. They are a part of
cellular receptors
E.They are a part of
cellular ion pumps
224 Power inputs of a A. Raise of outer P o w e r i n p u t s Physical exercise
boy increased from temperatute increased from 500
500 to 2000 kJ per B. Mental activity to 2000 kJ per hour
hour. What can be C. Food intake
the cause of it? D. Physical exercise
E. Transition from
sleep to
wakefulness

225 There is an A. А an inhibited К

i n h i b i t e d B. К coagulation,
coagulation in the C. D vitamin deficiency
patients with bile D. Е
ducts obstruction, E. Carotene
bleeding due to the
low level of
absorbtion of a
vitamin. What
vitamin is in
deficiency?

 226 A 2-year-old child A. A c t i v a t i o n o f i n t e s t i n a l Vitamin K

has got intestinal t i s s u e d y s b a c t e r i o s i s , deficiency
dysbacteriosis, thromboplastin hemorrhagic
which resultsed in B. P P syndrome
hemorrhagic hypovitaminosis
syndrome. What is C. V i t a m i n K
the most likely deficiency
cause of D. F i b r i n o g e n
hemorrhage of the deficiency
child? E. Hypocalcemia
227 As a result of A. C proteins taking part K
posttranslative B. A in blood
modifications some C. K coagulation,
proteins taking part D. B1 become capable of
in blood E. B2 calcium binding
coagulation,
particularly
prothrombin,
become capable of
calcium binding.
The following
vitamin takes part in
this process:
228 A lightly dressed A. Convection A lightly dressed Heat radiation
man is standing in a B. Heat conduction man, air
room, air C. Evaporation temperature is
temperature is D. Heat radiation +14 0 C, windows
+14 0 C, windows E. Perspiration and doors are
and doors are closed
closed. In what way
does he emit heat
the most actively?
229 A human body A. Heat conduction w a y o f h e a t Heat conduction
cools in water much B. Convection emission in water
faster that in the air. C. Heat radiation
What way of heat D. Sweat evaporation
emission in water is E. -
much more
efficient?
230 Wo r k e r s o f a A. Heat conduction air temperature is Evaporation
hothouse farm work B. Convection +37oC, humidity is
under conditions of C. Radiation 90%
unfavourable D. Evaporation
microclimate: air E. All the ways
temperature is
+37oC, relative
humidity is 90%, air
speed is 0,2 m/s.
The way of heat
emission under
these conditions
will be:

 231 A patient has a A. Respiration will a t r a n s v e r s a l Respiration will

transversal stop laceration in the p r e s e n t no
laceration in the B. Respiration will spinal cord significant changes
spinal cord. What become less
respiratory changes frequent
will result from C. Respiration will
this? become deeper
D. Respiration will
present no
significant
changes
E. Respiration will
become more
frequent
232 Which way of heat A. T h e r m a l temperature of 36oC Liquid evaporation
emission by the conduction degrees, relative
bodies of B. Heat radiation humidity of 70%
greenhouse workers C. L i q u i d
is the most effective evaporation
at the temperature D. Convection
of 36oC degrees E. -
and relative
humidity of 70%?
233 Thermometry A. Convection the clothes reduce Convection
revealed that the B. Radiation the heat loss
temperature of the C. Conduction
exposed skin is by D. Evaporation
11,5o lower than the E. –
temperature of the
adjacent areas
covered with
clothing from
natural fabrics. The
reason for this is
that the clothes
reduce the heat loss
through:
234 In hot weather the A. Conduction and hot weather, open Convection
bus passengers radiation the roof hatches
asked to open the B. Radiation
roof hatches. What C. Conduction
way of heat transfer D. Sweat evaporation
is activated in this E. Convection
situation?

 235 In hot weather A. Conduction and h o t w e a t h e r , Convection

ventilators are often convection ventilators
used to normalize B. Convection
the microclimate in C. Conduction
the heated rooms. It D. Radiation
leads to intensified E. Evaporation
heat transfer from
the human body by
means of:
236 What compensatory A. Increased muscle c o m p e n s a t o r y Dilation of the
response occurs in tone r e s p o n s e w h e n cutaneous blood
the human body, B. Dilation of the e x t e r n a l vessels
when external visceral blood temperature
temperature vessels significantly rises
significantly rises? C. P e r i p h e r a l
vasoconstriction
D. Dilation of the
cutaneous blood
vessels
E. D e c r e a s e d
perspiration

237 The processes of A. Heat conduction heat transfer in a Heat radiation

heat transfer in a B. Heat radiation naked person at
naked person at C. Convection room temperature
room temperature D. Evaporation
have been studied. E. -
It was revealed that
under these
conditions the
greatest amount of
heat is transferred
238 Power inputs of a A. Relaxation power inputs were Sleep
man were B. Simple work lower than basal
measured. In what C. Sleep metabolism
state was this man if D. Nervous tension
his power inputs E. Rest
were lower than
basal metabolism?

 239 Atria of an A. Aldosterone d e c r e a s e d Natriuretic

experimental animal B. Renin reabsorption of Na+ hormone
were superdistended C. Angiotensin and water in renal
by blood that D. Natriuretic tubules
resulted in hormone
d e c r e a s e d E. Vasopressin
reabsorption of Na+
and water in renal
tubules. This can be
explained by the
influence of the
following factor
upon kidneys:
240 A man presents with A. Effective filtration g l o m e r u l a r Plasma oncotic
glomerular filtration pressure filtration rate of 180 pressure
rate of 180 ml/min., B. Hydrostatic blood ml/min., norm is
while norm is pressure in the 125±25 ml/min
125±25 ml/min. The glomerular
likely cause of it is capillaries
the decreased: C. Plasma oncotic
pressure
D. Renal blood flow
E. Permeability of
the renal filter
241 A patient has A. Angiotensinogen insufficient blood Angiotensin II
insufficient blood B. Renin supply to the
supply to the C. Catecholamines kidneys, the
kidneys, which has D. Angiotensin II constriction of
caused the E. Norepinephrine arterial resistance
development of vessels
pressor effect due to
the constriction of
arterial resistance
vessels. This is the
result of the vessels
being greately
affected by the
f o l l o w i n g
substance:

 242 A patient with A. Activation of Angiotensin pressor C o n t r a c t i o n o f

hypertensic crisis biogenic amine effect arteriole muscles
has increased synthesis
content of B. Prostaglandin
angiotensin II in hyperproduction
blood. Angiotensin C. Vasopressin
pressor effect is production
based on: stimulation
D. Contraction of
arteriole muscles
E. A c t i v a t i o n o f
kinin-kallikrein
system
243 Urine analysis has A. Renal filter high levels of R e n a l f i l t e r
shown high levels permeability protein a n d permeability
o f p r o t e i n a n d B. Effective filter erythrocytes in
erythrocytes in pressure urine
urine. This can be C. Hydrostatic blood
caused by the pressure in
following: glomerular capillaries
D. Hydrostatic primary
urine pressure in
capsule
E. Oncotic pressure of
blood plasma
244 Due to the use of A. Reabsorption The urine contain Filtration
poor-quality B. Secretion macromolecular
measles vaccine for C. Filtration proteins
p r e v e n t i v e D. Reabsorption and
vaccination, a 1- secretion
year-old child E. Secretion and
developed an filtration
autoimmune renal
injury. The urine
was found to
c o n t a i n
macromolecular
proteins. What
process of urine
formation was

 245 As a result of A. I n c r e a s e i n t h e c o n t i n u o u s Decrease in the

c o n t i n u o u s systemic arterial s t a r v a t i o n , t h e oncotic pressure of
starvation the pressure g l o m e r u l a r blood plasma
glomerular filtration B. D e c r e a s e i n t h e filtration rate has
rate has increased oncotic pressure of increased
by 20%. The most blood plasma
probable cause of C. I n c r e a s e i n t h e
the glomerular permeability of the
filtration alteration renal filter
under the mentioned D. I n c r e a s e o f t h e
conditions is: filtartion quotient
E. Increase of the renal
blood flow
246 A patient is 44 years A. Both filtration and content of proteins Filtration will be
old. Laboratory reabsorption will be in plasma was 40 g/ i n c r e a s e d ,
examination of his increased l, influence on the reabsorption -
blood revealed that B. Both filtration and transcapillary water decreased
content of proteins reabsorption will be metabolism
in plasma was 40 g/ decreased
l. What influence C. Filtration will be
will be exerted on increased,
the transcapillary reabsorption -
water metabolism? decreased
D. Filtration will be
decreased,
reabsorption -
increased
E. Metabolism will stay
247 A 9-years-old boy, A. Insulin high b l o o d Angiotensin II
who undergoes B. Glucagon pressure, problems
treatment in the C. Angiotensin II with kidneys, high
i n p a t i e n t D. Antidiuretic levels of bioactive
department, has hormone peptide
high blood pressure E. Kallidin
and problems with
kidneys. This
condition is caused
by high levels of a
certain bioactive
peptide. Name this
peptide:

 248 In the blood of a 26- A. P a t h o l o g i c a l 18% of erythrocytes P h y s i o l o g i c a l

year-old man 18% poikilocytosis of the spherical, poikilocytosis
of erythrocytes of B. P h y s i o l o g i c a l ball-shaped, flat
the spherical, ball- anisocytosis and thorn-like
shaped, flat and C. P h y s i o l o g i c a l shape have been
thorn-like shape poikilocytosis revealed
have been revealed. D. P a t h o l o g i c a l
Other erythrocytes anisocytosis
were in the form of E. Erytrocytosis
the concavo-
concave disks. How
is this phenomenon
called?
249 Blood test of an A.Erythropoiesis erythrocytes - 5,5 • Erythropoiesis
athlete shows the B.Leukopoiesis 1012/l
f o l l o w i n g : C.Lymphopoiesis
erythrocytes - 5,5 • D.Granulocytopoiesis
1012/l, hemoglobin - E.Immunogenesis
180 g/l, leukocytes -
7 • 109/l,
neutrophils - 64%,
basophils - 0,5%,
eosinophils - 0,5%,
monocytes - 8%,
lymphocytes - 27%.
These values
primarily indicate
the stimulation of:
250 Due to prolonged A. Leukopoietins the altitude of 3000 Erythropoietins
stay in the B. Carbaminohemoglobin m above the sea
mountains at the C. Catecholamines level, increased
altitude of 3000 m D. Erythropoietins oxygen capacity of
above the sea level, E. 2 , 3 - blood
a person developed bisphosphoglycerate
increased oxygen
capacity of blood,
which was directly
caused by
i n t e n s i f i e d
production of:
251 L o n g - t e r m A. Decrease of hematocrit diminished ratio of Increase of ESR
starvation cure of a B. Hypercoagulation albumines and
patient resulted in C. Decrease of ESR globulines
diminished ratio of D. Increase of hematocrit
albumines and E. Increase of ESR
globulines in
plasma. What of the
following will be
result of these
changes?

 252 When preparing for A. Decrease of blood train at high altitude Decrease of pO2,
an important sports viscosity which stimulates
contest, it is B. I n c r e a s e of erythropoiesis and
recommended to atriovenous oxygen increases blood
train at high altitude difference oxygen capacity
(2-3 km above C. Decrease of ESR
mean sea level). D. I m p r o v e m e n t o f
Prolonged exposure plasma colloid-
to such conditions s u s p e n s i o n
leads to: characteristics
E. D e c r e a s e o f p O 2 ,
which stimulates
erythropoiesis and
increases blood
253 After a prolonged A.Fibrinogen protein-free diet, Albumins
protein-free diet a B.Plasminogen developed edema
student developed C.Albumins
edema. Her D.Globullins
condition indicates E.Transferrin
a decrease in the
following blood
protein fractions:
254 A blood drop has A. O s m o t i c 0,3% solution of O s m o t i c
been put into a test haemolysis NaCl haemolysis
tube with 0,3% B. Shrinkage
solution of NaCl. C. M e c h a n i c a l
What will happen to haemolysis
erythrocytes? D. Any changes will
be observed
E. B i o l o g i c a l
haemolysis
255 The concentration A. Maintaining the Ph The concentration Maintaining the
of albumins in level of albumins is oncotic blood
human blood B. Maintaining the body lower pressure
sample is lower temperature
than normal. This C. M a i n t a i n i n g t h e
leads to edema of oncotic blood
tissues. What blood pressure
function is D. Maintaining the blood
damaged? sedimentation system
256 A 38-year-old A. I n c r e a s e o f uterine bleeding Reduction of
woman was haematocrite rate haematocrite rate
admitted to the B. Leukopenia
a d m i s s i o n - C. R e d u c t i o n o f
d i a g n o s t i c haematocrite rate
department with D. Leucocytosis
uterine bleeding. E. Polycythemia
What are the most
likely changes of
blood?

 257 Live vaccine is A. P i g m e n t o c y t e s Live vaccine is Plasmocytes and

injected into the and pericytes injected lymphocytes
human body. B. Macrophages and
Increasing activity fibroblasts
of what cells of C. Plasmocytes and
connective tissue lymphocytes
can be expected? D. Adipocytes and
adventitious cells
E. Fibroblasts and
labrocytes
258 At the laboratory A. Pinocytosis e n g u l f e d a n d Phagocytosis
experiment the B. Diffusion digested bacterial
leukocyte culture C. Phagocytosis cells
was mixed with D. Facilitated
staphylococci. diffusion
Neutrophile E. Osmosis
leukocytes engulfed
and digested
bacterial cells. This
processes are
termed:
259 Blood sampling for A. Increased contents of b l o o d s a m p l i n g Increased contents
bulk analysis is erythrocytes after food intake of leukocytes
recommended to be B. I n c r e a s e d p l a s m a
performed on an proteins
empty stomack and C. Reduced contents of
in the morning. thrombocytes
What changes in D. Increased contents of
blood composition leukocytes
can occur if to E. Reduced contents of
perform blood erythrocytes
sampling after food
intake?
260 During cytostatic A. Agranulocytosis leukocytes – 0.8 • Leukopenia
chemotherapy blood B. Leukopenia 109/L
test of a patient with C. L e u k e m o i d
bladder cancer reaction
shows the D. Leukocytosis
f o l l o w i n g : E. Leukemia
leukocytes – 0.8 •
109/L, granulocytes
- 0.6 • 109/L. What
is observed in the
p a t i e n t ’s w h i t e
blood cells:

 261 After an attack of A. Leukopenia a n a t t a c k o f Eosinophilia

bronchial asthma a B. Eosinophilia bronchial asthma
patient had his C. Lymphocytosis
peripheral blood D. Thrombocytopeni
tested. What a
changes can be E. Erythrocytosis
expected?
262 Lymphocytes and A. Interleukin - 2 universal antiviral Interferon
other cells of our B. Cytokines agents
body synthesize C. Interferon
universal antiviral D. Interleukin - 4
agents as a response E. Tumor necrosis
to viral invasion. factor
Name these protein
factors:
263 A patient with skin A. Immunoglobulin disorder of cellular T-lymphocytes
mycosis has G immunity
disorder of cellular B. Immunoglobulin
immunity. The most E
t y p i c a l C. T-lymphocytes
characteristic of it is D. B-lymphocytes
reduction of the E. Plasmocytes
following index:
264 Blood group of a A. - Agglutination did 0 (I)
30-year-old man has B. А (II) not occur with
been determined C. В (III) standard 0 (I), А
before a surgery. D. АВ (IV) (II), and В (III)
The blood was E. 0 (I) serums
Rhesus-positive.
Agglutination did
not occur with
standard 0 (I), А
(II), and В (III)
serums. The blood
belongs to the
following group:
265 A 25-year-old A. Mother Rh (-), i m p e n d i n g Mother Rh (-),
woman at her third fetus Rh (+) m i s c a r r i a g e , fetus Rh (+)
pregnancy with B. Mother Rh (-), combination of Rh-
i m p e n d i n g fetus Rh (-) factor of the mother
miscarriage was C. Mother Rh (+), and the fetus
brought to the fetus Rh (-)
hospital. What D. Mother Rh (+),
combination of Rh- fetus Rh (+)
factor of the mother E. -
and the fetus can be
the cause of this
condition?

 266 A woman has lost a A. А (II) E r y t h r o c y t e B (III)

lot of blood during B. 0 (I) agglutination
the childbirth. Her C. B (III) occurred with
blood group needs D. АВ (IV) standard serums 0
to be determined. E. - (I) and А (II) and
Erythrocyte did not occur with
agglutination standard serum B
occurred with (III)
standard serums 0
(I) and А (II) and
did not occur with
standard serum B
(III). What blood
group does this
woman have?
267 Determining a A. IV (АВ) Rh (-) monoclonal test- IV (АВ) Rh (-)
p a t i e n t ’s b l o o d B. II (А) Rh (+) reagents revealed
group with C. III (В) Rh (-) p o s i t i v e
monoclonal test- D. IV (АВ) Rh (+) agglutination
reagents revealed E. I (0) Rh (+) reaction to anti-A
p o s i t i v e and anti-B reagents,
agglutination and negative
reaction to anti-A reaction to anti-D
and anti-B reagents,
and negative
reaction to anti-D.
What blood group
268 A pregnant woman A. - R e a c t i o n o f Аβ (II)
had her blood group B. 0αβ (I) erythrocyte
identified. Reaction C. Вα (III) agglutination with
of erythrocyte D. АВ (IV) standard serums of
agglutination with E. Аβ (II) 0αβ (I), Bα (III)
standard serums of groups, didn’t
0αβ (I), Bα (III) proceed with
groups, didn’t standard serum of
proceed with Aβ (II) group
standard serum of
Aβ (II) group. The
blood group under
examination is:

 269 Before a surgery a A. 0 αβ (I) Standard serums of 0 αβ (I)

blood sample of a B. Аβ (II) such groups as
30-year-old man has A. Вα (III) 0αβ(I), Аβ(II),
been typed. Blood is B. АВ (IV) Вα(III) didn’t
Rh-positive. C. - activate erythrocyte
Standard serums of agglutination
such groups as reaction
0αβ(I), Аβ(II),
Вα(III) didn’t
activate erythrocyte
agglutination
reaction. The group
of the analyzed
blood is:
270 After a tourniquet A. Lymphocytes p e t e c h i a l Platelets
application a patient B. Eosinophils haemorrhages
was found to have C. Monocytes
p e t e c h i a l D. Platelets
haemorrhages. The E. Neutrophils
reason for it is the
dysfunction of the
following cells:
271 There is an A. А i n h i b i t e d К
i n h i b i t e d B. К coagulation, low
coagulation in the C. D level of absorbtion
patients with bile D. Е of a vitamin
ducts obstruction, E. Carotene
bleeding due to the
low level of
absorbtion of a
vitamin. What
vitamin is in
deficiency?
272 A patient, who has A. K i n t e s t i n e K
been suffering for a B. B 12 disbacteriosis,
long time from C. B9 disruption of blood-
i n t e s t i n e D. C coagulation factors
disbacteriosis, has E. E. P II, VII, IX, and X
i n c r e a s e d
hemorrhaging
caused by
disruption of
posttranslational
modification of
blood-coagulation
factors II, VII, IX,
and X in the liver.
What vitamin
deficiency is the
cause of this
condition?

 273 Patients with bile A. A bile duct K

duct obstruction B. D obstruction,
typically present C. K inhibited blood
with inhibited blood D. E clotting, insufficient
clotting and develop E. C assimilation of
hemorrhages due to vitamin
insufficient
assimilation of
vitamin:
274 A patient with tissue A. III – IV – Xa factor V I I I III – VIIa – Xa
trauma was taken a B. IV – VIII: TF – deficiency
blood sample for Xa
the determination of C. III – VIIa – Xa
blood clotting D. IV – VIIa – Xa
parameters. Specify E. III – VIII: TF –
the right sequence Xa
of extrinsic pathway
activation.
275 A 2-year-old child A. A c t i v a t i o n o f i n t e s t i n a l Vitamin K
has got intestinal t i s s u e d y s b a c t e r i o s i s , deficiency
dysbacteriosis, thromboplastin hemorrhagic
which resultsed in B. V i t a m i n K syndrome
hemorrhagic deficiency
syndrome. What is C. P P
the most likely hypovitaminosis
cause of D. F i b r i n o g e n
hemorrhage of the deficiency
child? E. Hypocalcemia
276 A 3-year-old boy A. E x t e r n a l no antihemophilic I n t e r n a l
with pronounced mechanism of globulin A (factor m e c h a n i s m o f
hemorrhagic prothrombinase VIII) prothrombinase
syndrome has no activation activation
antihemophilic B. C o n v e r s i o n o f
globulin A (factor prothrombin to
VIII) in the blood thrombin
plasma. Hemostasis C. I n t e r n a l
has been impaired mechanism of
at the following prothrombinase
stage: activation
D. C o n v e r s i o n o f
fibrinogen to
fibrin
E. B l o o d c l o t

 277 A 16 year old boy A. E r y t h r o c y t e diminished function Blood coagulation

after an illness has sedimentation rate of protein synthesis
diminished function B. A n t i c o a g u l a n t in liver, vitamin K
of protein synthesis generation deficiency
in liver as a result of C. E r y t h r o p o i e t i n
vitamin K secretion
deficiency. It will D. Blood coagulation
cause disturbance E. O s motic blood
of: pressure
278 A 25-year-old A. I r i s d i l a t o r disturbed eye Iris sphincter
woman complains muscle, ciliary accommodation, the m u s c l e , c i l i a r y
of visual muscle pupil is dilated and muscle
impairment. B. Superior oblique unresponsive to
Examination muscle, ciliary light
revealed disturbed muscle
e y e C. I r i s s p h i n c t e r
accommodation; the muscle, ciliary
pupil is dilated and muscle
unresponsive to D. L a t e r a l r e c t u s
light. What muscles muscle, iris
are functionally sphincter muscle
disturbed in this E. Iris sphincter and
case? iris dilator
279 While shifting the A. Cornea shifting the gaze to Lens
gaze to the closely B. Vitreous body the closely situated
situated object the C. L i q u i d o f t h e object
refracting power of anterior chamber
eye's optical of eye
mediums will D. Lens
increase by 10 E. M u s c l e t h a t
diopters. It results dilatates pupil
from changing of
such eye structure:
280 A 75-year-old- A. Right half of both a brain tumor in Left half of both
female patient with eyes retina area of the left optic eyes retina
complaints of visual B. Left half of both tract, a visual field
impairment has eyes retina defect
been delivered to C. Left and right
the ophthalmologic halves of the left
department. eye retina
O b j e c t i v e D. Left and right
examination halves of the right
revealed a brain eye retina
tumor in area of the E. Left and right
left optic tract. The halves of both
patient has a visual eyes retina
field defect in the
following area:

 281 A person with A. Cone cells t w i l i g h t v i s i o n Rod cells

vitamin A B. Horizontal cells of disturbance
deficiency develops retina
twilight vision C. Bipolar neurons
disturbance. Name D. Rod cells
the cells that fulfill E. Ganglionic nerve
this photoreceptor cells
function:
282 A patient A. Left optic tract loss of nasal halves Optic chiasm
demonstrates B. Right optic tract of the retinas
functional loss of C. Optic chiasm
nasal halves of the D. Left optic nerve
retinas. What area E. Right optic nerve
of visual pathways
is affected?
283 A 23-year-old A. Myopia vision impairment, Hyperopia
patient consulted an B. Hyperopia corrected lenticular
oculist about vision C. Daltonism (convex) lenses
impairment. Visual D. Night-blindness
activity was E. Astigmatism
corrected by means
of lenticular
(convex) lenses.
Specify the type of
dysfunction of the
visual analyzer in
this patient:
284 In the experiment A. Temporal lobe reflex to the light Occipital cortex
on the animal, the B. Occipital cortex irritation
part of the cerebral C. P o s t c e n t r a l
cortex hemispheres convolution
was removed. It D. P r e c e n t r a l
caused elimination convolution
of previously E. Limbic cortex
formed conditioned
reflex to the light
irritation. What part
of the cortex was
removed?

 285 Four months ago, a A. Causalgia sensing t h e Phantom

43-year-old patient B. Neuralgia a m p u t a t e d
had a traumatic C. Phantom extremity and
amputation of his D. Thalamic having constantly
lower extremity. E. Reflex grave, unbearable
Now he complains pain
of sensing the
a m p u t a t e d
extremity and
having constantly
grave, sometimes
unbearable pain in
it. What type of pain
does he have?
286 A patient A. Visceral pain in the left Radiating
complaining of pain B. Phantom shoulder-blade
in the left shoulder- C. Protopathic region diagnosed
blade region has D. Radiating with miocardial
been diagnosed with E. Epicritic infarction
m i o c a r d i a l
infarction. What
kind of pain does
the patient have?
287 A person becomes A. T h y r o i d g l a n d less receptive to Antinociceptive
less receptive to functions pain system
pain in physically or B. N o c i c e p t i v e
emotionally system
straining situations C. Adrenal glands
due to activation of: functions
D. Parasympathetic
nervous system
E. Antinociceptive
system
288 Human brain A. Endorphins e n d o g e n o u s Endorphins
p r o d u c e s B. Liberins peptides can reduce
endogenous C. Vasopressin pain perception
peptides that are D. Oxytocin
similar to morphine E. Statins
and can reduce pain
perception. Name
these peptides:

 289 A woman giving A. Sympathoadrenal an increased pain Antinociceptive

birth has an and pituitary- threshold system
increased pain adrenal
threshold due to B. Sympathoadrenal
activation of the a n d
following system: antinociceptive
C. Antinociceptive
system
D. Pituitary-adrenal
a n d
antinociceptive
290 Examination of a A. Lateral geniculate hearing impairment Medial geniculate
patient with an bodies of bodies of thalamus
interbrain injury thalamus
revealed the hearing B. Medial geniculate
impairment. What bodies of
structures must be thalamus
damaged? C. I n t r a l a m i n a r
nuclei of
hypothalamus
D. Frontal nuclei of
hypothalamus
291 In course of an A. Right extensors right labyrinth was Right extensors
experiment a toads B. Left extensors d e s t r o y e d ,
right labyrinth was C. Right and left amyotonia
destroyed. It will extensors
cause amyotonia of D. Right flexors
the following E. Left flexors
muscles:
292 A 60 y.o. patient has A. Main membrane perception of high- Main membrane of
a reduced of cochlea near frequency sounds cochlea near the
perception of high- helicotrema oval window
frequency sounds. B. Eustachian tube
What structures’ C. Main membrane
disorder of auditory of cochlea near
analyzer caused the oval window
these changes? D. Muscles of middle
ear
E. T y m p a n i c
membrane
293 A. Lateral geniculate p e r c e p t i o n o f M id d le p a r t o f
bodies medium-frequency helix
B. Middle part of sounds
helix
C. Spiral ganglion
D. Cochlear nuclei
E. Quadritubercular
structure

 294 A man having a A. Temporal a hearing loss Temporal

hearing loss after a B. Postcentral gyrus
head trauma was C. Parietal
delivered to the D. Occipital
neurosurgery E. Frontal
department. The
cause of the hearing
loss might be the
damage of the
following lobe of
cerebral cortex:
295 During the air and A. Right middle ear in the left ear the Left middle ear
bone conduction B. Left inner ear tones were louder
tests it was revealed C. Right inner ear by bone conduction
that in the left ear D. Left middle ear
the tones were E. Right external ear
louder by bone
conduction. This
might be associated
with the disease of:
296 Surface with an A. Vestibuloreceptors S u r f a c e w a s Vestibuloreceptors
intact toad on it was of semicircular inclined, t one of o f u t r i c l e a n d
inclined to the right. ducts extensor muscles saccule
Tone of extensor B. Mechanoreceptors became higher
muscles became of foot skin
reflectory higher C. Vestibuloreceptors
due to the activation of utricle and
of the following saccule
receptors: D. Photoreceptors of
retina
E. Proprioreceptors
297 A ballet dancer A. Joint receptors A ballet dancer V e s t i b u l a r
spins to the left. B. Muscle spindles spins to the left, receptors of the
During the spin, her C. V e s t i b u l a r eyes snap quickly semicircular ducts
eyes snap quickly to receptors of the to the left
the left. This fast semicircular ducts
eye movement is D. Tendon receptors
caused by the E. Otolith vestibular
activation of: receptors

 298 A man who is riding A. Proprioceptors riding the carousel, V e s t i b u l a r

the carousel B. V e s t i b u l a r increased heart rate, ampullar
presents with otolithic sweating, nausea
increased heart rate, C. Auditory
sweating, nausea. D. Visual
This condition is E. V e s t i b u l a r
caused primarily by ampullar
the stimulation of
the following
receptors:
299 Vestibular receptors A. Primary orienting vestibular receptors Statokinetic reflex
of semicircular reflex o f s e m i c i r c u l a r during movements
canals of an animal B. Statokinetic reflex canals with angular
have been d u r i n g acceleration
destroyed. What movements with
reflexes will linear acceleration
disappear as a C. H e a d - r i g h t i n g
result? reflex
D. B o d y - r i g h t i n g
reflex
E. Statokinetic reflex
d u r i n g
movements with
a n g u l a r
acceleration
300 A patient has a A. S k i n and a haemorrhage into S k i n and
haemorrhage into proprioceptive the posterior central proprioceptive
the posterior central B. Visual gyrus
gyrus. What type of C. Auditory
sensitivity on the D. Olfactory
opposite side will E. A u d i t o r y a n d
be disturbed? visual
301 Middle part of A. High m i d d l e p a r t o f Middle
cochlear of internal B. Low cochlear of internal
ear was destroyed in C. Middle ear
animal while D. High and low
experiment. It will E. No abnormalities
cause abnormalities
of the sound
perception of the
f o l l o w i n g
frequencies:

 302 A man has normal A. Development of normal sensitivity, R e c e p t o r

sensitivity of his the fibrous tissue doesn’t sense his adaptation
finger skin, B. Abnormality of wedding ring
however he doesn’t the epidermis around the finger
sense his wedding structure
ring around the C. I m p a i r e d
finger. What process circulation
induced by wearing D. R e c e p t o r
of the ring has adaptation
caused this E. Abnormality of
phenomenon? the receptor
303 After a A. Postcentral gyrus a craniocerebral Postcentral gyrus
craniocerebral B. Occipital lobe injury, unable to
injury a patient is C. Temporal lobe recognize objects
unable to recognize D. Precentral gyrus by touch
objects by touch. E. Cerebellum
What part of brain
has been damaged?
As a result of a A. Posterior central d e c r e a s e d s k i n Posterior central
patient has gyrus sensitivity gyrus
decreased skin B. Occipital region
sensitivity. What C. Cingulate gyrus
area of the cerebral D. Frontal cortex
cortex is likely to be E. Anterior central
damaged? gyrus
304 In course of an A. Auditory t h a l a m o c o r t i c a l Olfactory
e x p e r i m e n t B. Olfactory tracts were cut,
thalamocortical C. Exteroceptive didn’t lose
tracts of an D. Visual
experimental animal E. Nociceptive
were cut through.
The animal didn’t
lose the following
sensations:
305
306 Examination of the A. Occipital lobe lost the ability to Posterior central
patient with B. Parietal lobe discern t h e gyrus
traumatic brain C. Posterior central movement of an
injury revealed that gyrus object on the skin
he has lost the D. Frontal lobe
ability to discern the E. Anterior central
movement of an gyrus
object on the skin.
What part of the
cerebral cortex is
damaged?

 307 During a brain A. Precentral gyrus tactile and thermal Postcentral gyrus
surgery it was B. Superior lateral sensations
noticed that gyrus
stimulation of C. Cingulate gyrus
certain zones of Postcentral gyrus
cerebral cortex D. Parahippocampal
caused tactile and gyrus
thermal sensations
in patient. Which
zone was being
stimulated?
308 An experiment was A. Dorsal surface of t h e h i g h e s t Back
conducted to the hand sensitivity threshold
measure the skin B. Shoulder
s e n s i t i v i t y C. Back
threshold. What D. Face
patches of skin have E. Shin
the highest
s e n s i t i v i t y
309 A student who A. C o n d i t i o n a l unexpectedly met C o n d i t i o n a l
unexpectedly met parasympathetic h i s g i r l f r i e n d , sympathetic
his girlfriend B. C o n d i t i o n a l increase in systemic
developed an sympathetic arterial pressure
increase in systemic C. C o n d i t i o n a l
arterial pressure. sympathetic and
This pressure parasympathetic
change was caused D. U n c o n d i t i o n a l
by the intensified parasympathetic
realization of the E. U n c o n d i t i o n a l
following reflexes: sympathetic
310 Students who are A. C o n d i t i o n a l t a k i n g C o n d i t i o n e d
taking examinations parasympathetic examinations, dry sympathetic
often have dry C o n d i t i o n a l mouth
mouth. The sympathetic
mechanism that B. C o n d i t i o n a l
causes this state is sympathetic and
the realization of parasympathetic
the following C. U n c o n d i t i o n a l
reflexes: parasympathetic
D. U n c o n d i t i o n a l
sympathetic

 311 A student takes A. Protective Q u a l i t y b e c a m e External

notes of a lecture. B. Extinctive worse when his
Quality of his notes C. External neighbours began
b e c a m e D. Differentiated talking
significantly worse E. Delayed
when his
neighbours began
talking. What type
of conditional reflex
inhibition was the
312 During experiment A. Parietal lobe on c o n d i t i o n e d Temporal lobe on
a dog has developed both sides digestive reflex in both sides
conditioned B. Occipital lobe on response to a sound
digestive reflex in one side stimulus
response to a sound C. Temporal lobe on
stimulus. This both sides
conditioned reflex D. Temporal lobe on
will not be one side
exhibited anymore E. Occipital lobe on
after the extirpation both sides
of the following
areas of the cerebral
hemispheres:
313 On examination the A. Phlegmatic a strong, balanced, Phlegmatic
patient was B. Sanguine inert type of higher
determined to have C. Choleric nervous activity
a strong, balanced, D. Melancholic
inert type of higher E. -
nervous activity
according to
P a v l o v ’ s
classification. What
temperament
according to
Hippocrates is it?
314 After arriving in the A. Tolerance after arriving in the Adaptation
polar region, B. Tachyphylaxis polar region,
researchers from C. Adaptation researchers
Australia have D. Stress complained of
complained of E. Reparation nervous disorders,
nervous disorders, loss of appetite,
loss of appetite, aggravation of
aggravation of chronic diseases
chronic diseases for
6 months. What
process has been
disrupted in extreme
conditions?

 315 Examination of a A. 60 bpm minute volume of 70 bpm

person revealed that B. 70 bpm heart is 3500 mL,
minute volume of C. 50 bpm systolic volume is
heart is 3500 mL, D. 80 bpm 50 mL
systolic volume is E. 90 bpm
50 mL. What is the
frequency of cardiac
contraction?
316 A person has steady A. Sinoatrial node HR not exceeding Atrioventricular
HR not exceeding B. His’ bundle 40 bpm node
40 bpm. What is the C. Atrioventricular
pacemaker of this node
p e r s o n ’s h e a r t D. Branches of His’
rhythm? bundle
E. Purkinje’s fibers
317 Processes of A. P Processes of T
repolarization are B. Q repolarization in
disturbed in C. R ventricular
ventricular D. S myocardium
myocardium in E. T
examined person. It
will cause
a m p l i t u d e
abnormalities of
configuration and
duration of the
318 Isolated heart was A. Atrioventricular the lowest velocity Atrioventricular
used to study node o f e x c i t a t i o n node
e x c i t a t i o n B. His bundle conduction in heart
conduction velocity C. Purkinje fibers
in different areas of D. A t r i a l
the heart. What area myocardium
had the lowest E. V e n t r i c u l a r
velocity of myocardium
e x c i t a t i o n
conduction?
319 An isolated cell of A. Atrium cell generates 60 Sinoatrial node
human heart B. Ventricle impulses pro minute
automatically C. Sinoatrial node
generates excitation D. Atrioventricular
impulses with node
frequency 60 times E. His’ bundle
pro minute. What
structure does this
cell belong to?

 320 While preparing a A. Left ventricle the heart chambers’ Left ventricle
patient to the B. Right ventricle pressure from 0 to
operation the heart C. Right atrium 120 mm Hg
chambers’ pressure D. Left atrium
was measured. In E. All are not correct
one of them the
pressure changed
during one heart
cycle from 0 to 120
mm Hg. What
chamber of heart
was it?
321 Heart rate of a man A. Sinoatrial node Heart rate equals 40 A t r i v e n t r i c u l a r
permanently equals B. A t r i v e n t r i c u l a r beats pro minute node
40 beats pro minute. node
What is the C. His’ bundle
pacemaker? D. H i s ’ b u n d l e
branches
E. Purkinje’s fibers
322 Examination of an A. Sinoatrial node c a r d i o m y o c y t e Ventricles
i s o l a t e d B. Atrioventricular DIDN’T generate
cardiomyocyte node excitation impulses
revealed that it C. His’ bundle automatically
DIDN’T generate D. Ventricles
excitation impulses E. Purkinje’s fibers
automatically. This
cardiomyocyte was
obtained from:
323 An animal A. A s y n c h r o n o u s cardiac cycle, a ll I s o m e t r i c
experiment is aimed contraction the heart valves are contraction
at studying the B. I s o m e t r i c closed
cardiac cycle. All contraction
the heart valves are C. P r o t o d i a s t o l i c
closed. What phase period
of the cycle is D. Rapid filling
characterized by E. Reduced filling
this status?

 324 A cardiac electric A. Atrioventricular heart rate rose up to Sinoatrial node

stimulator was node 70 bpm
implanted to a 75 B. H i s ’ b u n d l e
year old man with branches
heart rate of 40 C. His’ bundle fibers
bpm. Thereafter the D. Sinoatrial node
heart rate rose up to E. Purkinje’s fibers
70 bpm. The
electric stimulator
has undertaken the
function of the
following heart part:
325 Vagus branches that A. Atria vagus branches, the Atrioventricular
innervate heart are B. Atrioventricular e x c i t e m e n t node
being stimulated in node conduction from
course of an C. Sinoatrial node atria to the
experiment. As a D. His bundle ventricles was
result of it the E. Ventricles brought to a stop
e x c i t e m e n t
conduction from
atria to the
ventricles was
brought to a stop. It
is caused by
electrophysical
changes in the
f o l l o w i n g
326 In a healthy adult A. Sufficient force of a t r i o v e n t r i c u l a r Sequence of atrial
speed of the v e n t r i c u l a r delay enables a n d v e n tr i c u la r
e x c i t e m e n t contractions contractions
conduction through B. Sequence of atrial
the atrioventricular and ventricular
node is 0,02-0,05 contractions
m / s e c . C. Simultaneity of
Atrioventricular both ventricles
delay enables: contractions
D. Simultaneity of
both atria
contractions
E. Sufficient force of
atrial contractions

 327 In an experiment a A. I n c r e a s e d a v a g u s n e r v e , Hyperpolarization

vagus nerve was conduction a c e t y c h o l i n e of cardiomyocyte
irritated, which velocity in the AV release, the heart membranes
s t i m u l a t e d node rate slowed down
acetycholine release B. Hyperpolarization
into the synaptic of cardiomyocyte
cleft. As a result, the membranes
heart rate slowed C. D e c r e a s e d
down. Name the duration of action
mechanism of a potential
heart rate decrease D. Depolarization of
in this case: cardiomyocyte
membranes
E. Increased duration
328 During ventricular A. A b s o l u t e the cardiac muscle A b s o l u t e
systole, the cardiac refractoriness does not respond to refractoriness
muscle does not B. R e l a t i o n a l a d d i t i o n a l
respond to refractoriness stimulation
a d d i t i o n a l C. Hyperexcitability
stimulation because D. S u b n o r m a l
it is in the phase of: excitability
E. T h e r e i s n o
correct answer
329 ECG study showed A. Depolarization T - w a v e s w e r e Repolarization
that the T -waves B. Excitement positive, amplitude
were positive in the C. Relaxation and duration were
standard extremity D. Contraction normal
leads, their E. Repolarization
amplitude and
duration were
normal. The right
conclusion would
be that the
following process
runs normally in the
heart ventricles:
330 Electrocardiogram A. Atrioventricular absence of P-wave Sinoatrial node
of a 45-year-old node
man showed B. Common branch
absence of P-wave of the bundle of
in all the leads. His
What part of the C. Branches of the
conducting system bundle of His
is blocked? D. Purkinje’s fibres
E. Sinoatrial node

 331 ECG of the patient A. Increased period increased duration Increased period of
shows increased of ventricular o f t h e Q R S v e n t r i c u l a r
duration of the QRS excitation complex excitation
complex. What is B. D i s t u r b e d
the most likely conduction in the
cause? atrioventricular
node
C. Increased atrial
excitability
D. Increased atrial
and ventricular
excitability
E. Increased period
of atrial excitation
332 Electrocardiogram A. 50 cardiac cycle = 1 60
a n a l y s i s B. 70 second
demonstrates that C. 60
cardiac cycle of a D. 80
human equals 1 E. 100
second. It means
that heart rate per
minute equals:
333 Electrocardiogram A. A s t h e n i c b o d y deviation of his Hypersthenic body
of a young man type electrical axis of type
reveals deviation of B. H y p e r s t h e n i c heart to the left
his electrical axis of body type
heart to the left. C. Dilation of the
This phenomenon right atrium
can be caused by: D. Dilation of the
right ventricle
E. Dilation of the left
atrium
334 ECG of a patient A. Repolarization prolongation of T- Repolarization
shows prolongation B. D e p o l a r i z a t i o n wave
of T-wave. This is and repolarization
caused by C. Depolarization
deceleration in D. Contraction
ventricles of: E. Relaxation
335 A patient under test A. 5 l/min m i n u t e b l o o d 10 l/min
was subjected to a B. 4 l/min volume 10 l/min
moderate physical C. 10 l/min
stress. His minute D. 6 l/min
blood volume E. 7 l/min
amounted 10 l/min.
What blood volume
was pumped
through his lung
vessels every
minute?

 336 Systemic blood A. 65 mm Hg blood ejection into 65 mm Hg

pressure of a person B. 10 mm Hg aorta occurs when
equals 120/65 mm C. 90 mm Hg left ventricular
Hg. Blood ejection D. 100 mm Hg pressure exceeds
into aorta occurs E. 120 mm Hg
when left
ventricular pressure
exceeds:
337 Patient’s systolic A. Pumping ability s y s t o l i c b l o o d Pumping ability of
blood pressure is 90 of the right heart pressure - 90 mm the left heart
mm Hg, diastolic - B. Aortic compliance Hg, diastolic - 70
70 mm Hg. Such C. Total peripheral mm Hg
blood pressure is resistance
caused by decrease D. Vascular tone
of the following E. Pumping ability
factor: of the left heart
338 After a A. Inferior parietal t h e a b i l i t y t o Superior parietal
craniocerebral lobule recognize shapes of lobule
injury a patient has B. S u p r a m a r g i n a l objects by touch
lost the ability to gyrus (stereognosis)
recognize shapes of C. Postcentral gyrus
objects by touch D. Superior parietal
(stereognosis). lobule
What area of E. Angular gyrus
cerebral cortex
normally contains
the relevant center?
339 A patient who A. H y p e r n a t r e m i a cardiac arrest in Hyperkaliemia
suffers from severe Hyperkaliemia diastole
disorder of water- B. O r g a n i s m
salt metabolism dehydratation
experienced cardiac C. Hypokaliemia
arrest in diastole. D. Hyponatremia
What is the most
p r o b a b l e
mechanism of
cardiac arrest in
diastole?
340 Examination of a A. 60 cardiac output - 70
man established that B. 70 3500 ml, systolic
cardiac output C. 50 output - 50 ml
equaled 3500 ml, D. 80
systolic output - 50 E. 90
ml. What is the
man’s heart rate pro
minute?

 341 The calcium canals A. Decreased heart calcium canals of Decreased rate and
of cardiomyocytes beat rate c a r d i o m y o c y t e s force of heart beat
have been blocked B. Decreased force blocked
on an isolated of the contraction
rabbit’s heart. What C. Heart stops in
changes in the systole
heart’s activity can D. Heart stops in
happen as a result? diastole
E. Decreased rate
and force of heart
beat
342 A 35-year-old man A. Accumulation of acute heart failure, Accumulation of
developed acute Na+ and Ca2+ ions running for a long Na+ and Ca2+ ions
heart failure while in the time in the myocardium
running for a long myocardium cells cells
time. What changes B. Accumulation of
in ionic composition K+ and Mg2+ ions
can be observed in in the
the cardiac muscle? myocardium cells
C. Reduction of Na+
and Ca2+ ions in
the myocardium
cells
D. Reduction of K+
and Mg2+ ions in
the extracellular
space
E. Reduction of Na+
and Ca2+ ions in
the extracellular
343 In an experiment A. D e c r e a s e d K + stimulation n. Increased K+
after a prolonged efflux v a g u s , a b r i e f efflux
e l e c t r i c a l B. Decreased Na+ cardiac arrest
stimulation of the influx
peripheral n. vagus C. Increased Ca2+
a brief cardiac arrest influx
occurred in the D. I n c r e a s e d K +
subject. What ion efflux
mechanisms in the E. I n c r e a s e d N a +
cardiac cells cause influx
this effect?

 344 In a poorly A. Depressor reflex poorly ventilated Pressor reflex from

ventilated and f r o m room, increased chemoreceptors
overcrowded room chemoreceptors blood pressure
an elderly man has B. P r e s s o r r e f l e x
developed increased f r o m
blood pressure. chemoreceptors
What is the C. P r e s s o r r e f l e x
mechanism of this from volume
reaction? receptors
D. P r e s s o r r e f l e x
f r o m
osmoreceptors
345 A peripheral A. I n c r e a s e d vagus nerve D e c r e a s e d
segment of vagus atrioventricular stimulated contraction rate
nerve on a dog’s conduction
neck was being B. I n c r e a s e d
stimulated in course contraction force
of an experiment. C. D e c r e a s e d
The following contraction rate
changes of cardiac D. I n c r e a s e d
activity could be contraction force
m e a n w h i l e and rate
observed: E. I n c r e a s e d
myocardial
excitability
346 What changes can A. Decreased cardiac excessive amount Increased cardiac
be expected to contraction force of calcium chloride contraction force
occur in the isolated B. Increased cardiac and frequency
heart of a toad, if contraction force
excessive amount of and frequency
calcium chloride is C. Increased cardiac
introduced into its contraction
perfusate? frequency
D. Increased cardiac
contraction force
E. Diastolic cardiac
arrest

 347 Experimental A. Calcium ion exit stimulation of the Calcium ion entry
stimulation of the B. Potassium ion exit sympathetic nerve
sympathetic nerve C. P o t a s s i u m i o n branches increase in
branches that entry force of heart
innervate the heart D. C a l c i u m a n d contractions
caused an increase potassium ion exit
in force of heart E. Calcium ion entry
contractions
because the
membrane of
t y p i c a l
cardiomyocytes
permitted an
increase in:
348 A fixedrun taxi A. Danini-Aschner slow down heart D a n i n i - A s c h n e r
passenger has a reflex rate by pressing reflex
sudden and B. Bainbridge reflex upon the eyeballs
expressed attack of C. Holtz’s reflex
tachycardia. A D. H e r i n g - B r e u e r
doctor travelling by reflex
the same taxi has E. F r a n k - S t a r l i n g
managed to slow mechanism
down his heart rate
by pressing upon
the eyeballs and
thus causing the
following reflex:
349 Systemic arterial A. Adrenals v a s o c o n s t r i c t i o n Bowels
pressure of an adult B. Heart will be maximal
dropped from C. Bowels
120/70 to 90/50 mm D. Kidneys
Hg that lead to E. Brain
r e f l e c t o r y
vasoconstriction.
T h e
vasoconstriction
will be maximal in
350 An adult man A. Heart v a s o c o n s t r i c t i o n Heart
presents with B. Skin minimal
systemic arterial C. Bowels
pressure drop from D. Skeletal muscles
120/70 to 90/50 mm E. Liver
Hg. This resulted in
r e f l e x
vasoconstriction.
Va s o c o n s t r i c t i o n
will be minimal in
the following organ:

 351 A patient has A. Angiotensinogen the development of Angiotensin II

insufficient blood B. Renin pressor effect due to
supply to the C. Angiotensin II the constriction of
kidneys, which has D. Catecholamines arterial resistance
caused the E. Norepinephrine vessels
development of
pressor effect due to
the constriction of
arterial resistance
vessels. This is the
result of the vessels
being greately
affected by the
f o l l o w i n g
substance:
352 In an elderly person A. Plethysmography recording of carotid Sphygmography
the change in heart B. Sphygmography pulse waves
force and vessels C. Rheography
physical properties D. Myography
were detected; they E. Phlebography
can be clearly
observed on graphic
recording of carotid
pulse waves. What
method was
applied?
353 In the process of an A. Arteries the highest vascular Arterioles
experiment, B. Arterioles resistance
resistance to the C. Capillaries
blood flow was D. Veins
measured in the E. Venules
different areas of
circulatory system.
The highest
vascular resistance
was detected in the:
354 A month after A. Angiotensin-II constriction of renal Angiotensin-II
surgical constriction B. Vasopressin artery increase of
of rabbit’s renal C. Adrenaline arterial pressure
artery the D. Noradrenaline
considerable E. Serotonin
increase of
systematic arterial
pressure was
observed. What of
the following
r e g u l a t i o n
mechanisms caused
the animal’s
pressure change?

 355 A short-term A. V a s c u l a r A s h o r t - t e r m Proprioceptors of

physical load chemoreceptors physical load, t h e w o r k i n g
resulted in reflex B. Proprioceptors of reflex increase of muscles
increase of heart the working heart rate and
rate and systemic muscles systemic arterial
arterial pressure in a C. Vascular volume pressure
person. What receptors
receptor activation D. V a s c u l a r
was the most baroreceptors
contributory to E. H y p o t h a l a m i c
inducing the pressor thermoreceptors
reflex?
356 In response to a A. S y s t e m i c a change in body S y s t e m i c
change in body constriction of the p o s i t i o n f r o m constriction of the
position from venous vessels h o r i z o n t a l t o venous vessels
horizontal to B. S y s t e m i c vertical develops
vertical blood dilatation of the reflectory pressor
circulation system arterial resi-stive reaction
develops reflectory vessels
pressor reaction. C. Decrease in the
Which of the circulating blood
following is its volume
compulsory D. Increase in the
component? heart rate
E. Weakening of the
pumbing ability of
heart
357 Domestic accident A. A d r e n a l i n e , a significant blood A d r e n a l i n e ,
has resulted in a vasopressin loss in the patient, a vasopressin
significant blood B. Cortisol drop in blood
loss in the patient, C. R e p r o d u c t i v e pressure
which was hormones
accompanied by a D. Oxytocin
drop in blood E. Aldosterone
pressure. What
hormones ensure
quick restoration of
the blood pressure
caused by a blood
loss?

 358 Due to blood loss A. O n l y s y s t o l i c blood loss, blood S y s t o l i c a n d

the circulating p r e s s u r e w i l l volume decreased diastolic pressure
blood volume of a decrease will decrease
patient decreased. B. O n l y d i a s t o l i c
How will it affect pressure will
the blood pressure decrease
in this patient? C. Systolic pressure
will decrease,
while diastolic
will increase
D. S y s t o l i c a n d
diastolic pressure
will decrease
E. Diastolic pressure
will decrease,
while systolic will
increase
359 A 16-year-old girl A. Decreased venous q u i c k l y c h a n g e Decreased venous
fainted when she return p o s i t i o n f r o m return
tried to quickly B. Increased venous horisontal to
change her position return vertical.
from horisontal to C. Increased central
vertical. What venous pressure
caused the loss of D. Decreased oncotic
consciousness in the plasma pressure
girl? E. Increased arterial
pressure
360 Va g i of an A. It will become Vagi were cut on I t w i l l b e c o m e
experimental animal deep a n d both sides deep and
were cut on both infrequent infrequent
sides. What B. It will become
respiration changes shallow and
will be observed? frequent
C. It will become
deep and frequent
D. It will become
shallow and
infrequent
E. No changes will
be observed