IXTLILTON

REVIEWER: 3rd Bimo NEUROPHYSIO REVIEWER

PHYSIOLOGY- 3RD BIMONTHLY | Dr. Redoña 2023
SY 2019-2020

1. From this list of cranial nerves: a. positively charged.

1. oculomotor (III) b. electrically neutral.
2. trigeminal (V) c. negatively charged.
3. facial (VII) d. continuously reversing so that it is positive one second and
4. vestibulocochlear (VIII) negative the next.
5. glossopharyngeal (IX) e. negatively charged whenever the Na+–K+ pump is operating.
6. vagus (X)
Select the nerves that are part of the parasympathetic division of the 11. Leak channels
ANS ( autonomic nervous system ). a. open in response to small voltage changes.
a. 1,2,4,5 b. open when a chemical signal binds to its receptor.
b. 1,3,5,6 c. are responsible for the ion permeability of the resting plasma
c. 1,4,5,6 membrane.
d. 2,3,4,5 d. allow substances to move into the cell but not out.
e. 2,3,5,6 e. all of the above.

2. The part of the nervous system that controls smooth muscle, 12. The resting membrane potential results when the tendency
cardiac muscle, and glands is the for______ to diff use out of the cell is balanced by their attraction to
a. somatic nervous system. opposite charges inside the cell.
b. autonomic nervous system. a. Na+ c. Cl−
c. skeletal division. b. K+ d. negatively charged proteins
d. sensory division.
13. If the permeability of the plasma membrane to K+ increases,
resting membrane potential _________ . This is called__________ .
3. A neuron with many short dendrites and a single long axon is a a. increases, hyperpolarization
neuron.
a. multipolar b. unipolar c. bipolar b. increases, depolarization
c. decreases, hyperpolarization
4. The bends, also known as decompression sickness (dcs), or caisson d. decreases, depolarization
disease, or diver`s disease, occurs in scuba divers that ascend to the
surface of the ocean too rapidly or even from high altitude or 14. Which of these terms is correctly matched with its definition or
aerospace events wherein dissolved gases (mainly nitrogen) in the description?
blood form bubbles and can affect just about any body area including a. depolarization: membrane potential becomes more negative
joints, lung, heart, skin and brain. b. hyperpolarization: membrane potential becomes more negative
a. true c. hypopolarization: membrane potential becomes more negative
b. false.
15. Which of these statements about ion movement through the
5. Cells found in the choroid plexuses that secrete cerebrospinal fluid plasma membrane is true?
are a. Movement of Na+ out of the cell requires energy (ATP).
a. astrocytes. b. When Ca2+ bind to proteins in ion channels, the diffusion of Na+
b. microglia. into the cell is inhibited.
c. ependymal cells. c. Specific ion channels regulate the diffusion of Na+ through the
d. e. Schwann cells. plasma membrane.
e. oligodendrocytes. d. All of the above are true.

6. Action potentials are conducted more rapidly 16. The major function of the Na+–K+ pump is to
a. in small-diameter axons than in large-diameter axons. a. pump Na+ into and K+ out of the cell.
b. in unmyelinated axons than in myelinated axons. b. generate the resting membrane potential.
c. along axons that have nodes of Ranvier. c. maintain the concentration gradients of Na+ and K+ across the
d. all of the above. plasma membrane.
d. oppose any tendency of the cell to undergo hyperpolarization.
7. Clusters of neuron cell bodies within the peripheral nervous system e. all of the above
are
a. ganglia. b. fascicles. c. nuclei. d. laminae. 17. During the depolarization of an action potential, the permeability
of the membrane
8. Gray matter contains primarily a. to K+ is greatly increased.
a. myelinated fibers. c. Schwann cells. b. to Na+ is greatly increased.
b. neuron cell bodies. d. oligodendrocytes. c. to Ca2+ is greatly increased.
d. is unchanged.
9. Concerning concentration difference across the resting plasma 18. During repolarization of the plasma membrane,
membrane, there are a. Na+ diff use into the cell.
a. more K+ and Na+ outside the cell than inside. b. Na+ diff use out of the cell.
b. more K+ and Na+ inside the cell than outside. c. K+ diff use into the cell.
c. more K+ outside the cell than inside and more Na+ inside the cell d. K+ diff use out of the cell.
than outside. 19. The absolute refractory period
d. more K+ inside the cell than outside and more Na+ outside the a. limits how many action potentials can be produced during a given
cell than inside. period of time.
b. prevents an action potential from starting another action potential
10. Compared with the inside of the resting plasma membrane, the at the same point on the plasma membrane.
outside surface of the membrane is

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 IXTLILTON
REVIEWER: 3rd Bimo NEUROPHYSIO REVIEWER
PHYSIOLOGY- 3RD BIMONTHLY | Dr. Redoña 2023
SY 2019-2020

c. is the period of time when a strong stimulus can initiate a second b. 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal
action potential. c. 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal
d. both a and b. d. 8 cervical, 11 thoracic, 4 lumbar, 6 sacral, 1 coccygeal
e. all of the above. e. 7 cervical, 11 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 6 sacral, 1 coccygeal
20. Neurotransmitter substances are stored in vesicles located in 28. A dermatome
specialized portions of the a. is the area of skin supplied by a pair of spinal nerves.
a. neuron cell body. b. exists for each spinal nerve except C1.
b. axon. c. can be used to locate the site of spinal cord or nerve root damage.
c. dendrite. d. all of the above.
d. postsynaptic membrane.
29. This is false
21. In a chemical synapse, a. cranial nerves 1, 2 and 8 have pure motor function
a. action potentials in the presynaptic terminal cause voltage-gated b.cranial nerves 3,4, 6,11 and 12have pure sensory functions
Ca2+ channels to open. c. both choices a and b are false
b. neurotransmitters can cause ligand-gated Na+ channels to open. d. none of the above is false
c. neurotransmitters can be broken down by enzymes.
d. neurotransmitters can be taken up by the presynaptic terminal. 30. If a section is made that separates the brainstem from the rest of
e. all of the above. the brain, the cut is between the
a. medulla oblongata and pons.
22. The spinal cord extends from the b. pons and midbrain.
a. medulla oblongata to the coccyx. c. midbrain and diencephalon.
b. level of the third cervical vertebra to the coccyx. d. thalamus and cerebrum.
c. level of the axis to the lowest lumbar vertebra. e. medulla oblongata and spinal cord.
d. level of the foramen magnum to level L1–L2 of the
vertebral column. 31. Important centers for heart rate, blood pressure, breathing,
e. axis to the sacral hiatus. swallowing, coughing, and vomiting are located in the
a. cerebrum.
23. Axons of sensory neurons synapse with the cell bodies of b. medulla oblongata.
interneurons in the_________ of spinal cord gray matter. c. midbrain.
a. anterior horn d. pons.
b. lateral horn e. cerebellum.
c. posterior horn
d. gray commissure 32. In which of these parts of the brain does decussation of
e. lateral funiculi descending tracts involved in the conscious control of skeletal
muscles occur?
24. Cell bodies for spinal sensory neurons are located in the a. cerebrum
a. anterior horn of spinal cord gray matter. b. diencephalon
b. lateral horn of spinal cord gray matter. c. midbrain
c. posterior horn of spinal cord gray matter. d. pons
d. dorsal root ganglia. e. medulla oblongata
e. posterior columns
33. Important respiratory centers are located in the
25. Given these components of a reflex arc: a. cerebrum.
1. effector organ b. cerebellum.
2. interneuron c. pons and medulla oblongata.
3. motor neuron d. midbrain.
4. sensory neuron e. limbic system
5. sensory receptor
Choose the correct order an action potential follows after a sensory 34. The cerebral peduncles are a major descending motor pathway
receptor is stimulated. found in the
a. 5,4,3,2,1 a. cerebrum.
b. 5,4,2,3,1 b. cerebellum.
c. 5,3,4,1,2 c. pons.
d. 5,2,4,3,1 d. midbrain.
e. 5,3,2,1,4 e. medulla oblongata.
35. The superior colliculi are involved in________ , whereas the
inferior colliculi are involved in__________ .
a. hearing, visual reflexes
26. A reflex response accompanied by the conscious sensation of pain b. visual reflexes, hearing
is possible because of c. balance, motor pathways
a. convergent pathways. d. motor pathways, balance
b. divergent pathways. e. respiration, sleep
c. a reflex arc that contains only one neuron.
d. sensory perception in the spinal cord. 36. The cerebellum communicates with other regions of the CNS
through the
27. Which of these is a correct count of the spinal nerves? a. flocculonodular lobe.
a. 9 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal b. cerebellar peduncles.

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REVIEWER: 3rd Bimo NEUROPHYSIO REVIEWER
PHYSIOLOGY- 3RD BIMONTHLY | Dr. Redoña 2023
SY 2019-2020

c. vermis. 45. Which of the following statements is true?

d. lateral hemispheres. a. The brain requires constant delivery of glucose and oxygen to
e. folia . function.
b. The foot processes of astrocytes surround capillaries in the brain.
37. The major relay station for sensory input that projects to the c. Tight junctions between capillary epithelial cells form the
cerebral cortex is the bloodbrain barrier.
a. hypothalamus. d. Glucose passes through capillary epithelial cells by mediated
b. thalamus. transport.
c. pons. e. all of the above .
d. cerebellum.
e. midbrain. 46. Th e cranial nerve involved in chewing food is the
a. trochlear (IV).
38. Which part of the brain is involved with olfactory refl exes and b. trigeminal (V).
emotional responses to odors? c. abducent (VI).
a. inferior colliculi d. facial (VII).
b. superior colliculi e. vestibulocochlear (VIII).
c. mammillary bodies
d. pineal gland 47. The cranial nerve involved in moving the tongue is the
e. pituitary gland a. trigeminal (V).
b. facial (VII).
39. Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus? c. glossopharyngeal (IX).
a. regulates autonomic nervous system functions d. accessory (XI).
b. regulates the release of hormones from the posterior pituitary e. hypoglossal (XII).
c. regulates body temperature
d. regulates food intake (hunger) and water intake (thirst) 48. The cranial nerve involved in feeling a toothache is the
e. all of the above . a. trochlear (IV).
b. trigeminal (V).
40. Which of these cerebral lobes is important in voluntary motor c. abducent (VI).
function, motivation, aggression, sense of smell, and mood? d. facial (VII).
a. frontal e. vestibulocochlear (VIII)
b. insula
c. occipital 49. From this list of cranial nerves:
d. parietal 1. optic (II)
e. temporal 2. oculomotor (III)
3. trochlear (IV)
41. Fibers that connect areas of the cerebral cortex within the same 4. trigeminal (V)
hemisphere are 5. abducent (VI)
a. projection fibers. Select the nerves that are involved in moving the eyes.
b. commissural fibers. a. 1,2,3
c. association fibers. b. 1,2,4
d. all of the above. c. 2,3,4
d. 2,4,5
42. The basal nuclei are located in the e. 2,3,5
a. inferior cerebrum.
b. diencephalon.
c. midbrain.
d. all of the above.

43. Which is false? 50. From this list of cranial nerves:

a. all preganglionic sympathetic and postganglionic neurons secrete 1. trigeminal (V)
acetylcholine and the latter is excitatory 2. facial (VII)
b. majority of postganglionic sympathetic neurons secrete 3. glossopharyngeal (IX)
norepinephrine and epinephrine while a minority of them secrete 4. vagus (X)
acetylcholine 5. hypoglossal (XII)
c. all postganglionic parasympathetic neurons secrete acetylcholine Select the nerves that innervate the salivary glands.
and the latter can either be excitatory or inhibitory
d. ejaculation is a parasympathetic response a. 1,2
e. erection is a parasympathetic response b. 2,3
c. c. 3,4
44. Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the__________ , circulates d. d. 4,5
through the ventricles, and enters the subarachnoid space. The e. e. 3,5
cerebrospinal fluid leaves the subarachnoid space through
the___________.. 1. Taste cells
a. choroid plexuses, arachnoid granulations a. are found only on the tongue.
b. arachnoid granulations, choroid plexuses b. extend through tiny openings called taste buds.
c. dural venous sinuses, dura mater c. have no axons but release neurotransmitters when stimulated.
d. dura mater, dural venous sinuses d. have axons that extend directly to the taste area of the cerebral
cortex.

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 IXTLILTON
REVIEWER: 3rd Bimo NEUROPHYSIO REVIEWER
PHYSIOLOGY- 3RD BIMONTHLY | Dr. Redoña 2023
SY 2019-2020

10. Concerning dark adaptation,

2. The fibrous layer of the eye includes the a. the amount of rhodopsin increases.
a. conjunctiva. d. iris. b. the pupils constrict.
b. sclera. e. retina. c. it occurs more rapidly than light adaptation.
c. choroid. d. all of the above.

3. The ciliary body 11. Given these areas of the retina:

a. attaches to the lens by suspensory ligaments. 1. macula 3. optic disc
b. produces the vitreous humor. 2. fovea centralis 4. periphery of the retina
c. is part of the iris of the eye. Choose the arrangement that lists the areas according to the density
d. is part of the sclera. of cones, starting with the area that has the highest density of cones.
e. all of the above. a. 1,2,3,4 d. 2,4,1,3
b. 1,3,2,4 e. 3,4,1,2
4. Given these structures: c. 2,1,4,3
1. lens 3. vitreous humor
2. aqueous humor 4. cornea 12. Concerning axons in the optic nerve from the right eye,
Choose the arrangement that lists the structures in the order that a. they all go to the right occipital lobe.
light entering the eye encounters them. b. they all go to the left occipital lobe.
a. 1,2,3,4 c. they all go to the thalamus.
b. 1,4,2,3 d. they all go to the superior colliculus.
c. 4,1,2,3 e. some go to the right occipital lobe and some go to the left
d. 4,2,1,3 occipital lobe.
e. 4,3,2,1
13. A person with an abnormally powerful focusing system
5. Aqueous humor is________ and uses a __________to correct his or her vision.
a. is the pigment responsible for the black color of the choroid. a. nearsighted, concave lens
b. exits the eye through the scleral venous sinus. b. nearsighted, convex lens
c. is produced by the iris. c. farsighted, concave lens
d. can cause cataracts if overproduced. d. farsighted, convex lens
e. is composed of proteins called crystallines.
14. Which of these structures is found within or is a part of the
6. Contraction of the smooth muscle in the ciliary body causes the external
a. lens to flatten. ear?
b. lens to become more spherical. a. oval window
c. pupil to constrict. b. auditory tube
d. pupil to dilate. c. ossicles
d. external acoustic meatus
7. Given these events: e. cochlear duct
1. medial rectus contracts
2. lateral rectus contracts 15 Given these auditory ossicles:
3. pupils dilate 1. incus
4. pupils constrict 2. malleus
5. lens of the eye flattens 3. stapes
6. lens of the eye becomes more spherical Choose the arrangement that lists the auditory ossicles in order from
Assume you are looking at an object 30 feet away. If you suddenly the tympanic membrane to the inner ear.
look at an object that is 1 foot away, which events occur? a. 1,2,3 d. 2,3,1
a. 1,3,6 d. 2,3,6 b. 1,3,2 e. 3,2,1
b. 1,4,5 e. 2,4,5 c. 2,1,3
c. 1,4,6
16. Given these structures:
8. Given these neurons in the retina: 1. perilymph
1. bipolar cells 2. endolymph
2. ganglion cells 3. vestibular membrane
3. photoreceptor cells 4. basilar membrane
Choose the arrangement that lists the correct order of the cells Choose the arrangement that lists the structures in the order sound
encountered by light as it enters the eye and travels toward the waves coming from the outside encounter them in producing sound.
pigmented retina. a. 1,3,2,4 d. 2,4,1,3
a. 1,2,3 d. 2,3,1 b. 1,4,2,3 e. 3,4,2,1
b. 1,3,2 e. 3,1,2 c. 2,3,1,4
c. 2,1,3
17. Interpretation of different sounds is possible because of the
9. Which of these photoreceptor cells is correctly matched with its ability of the _____________ to vibrate at different frequencies and
function? stimulate the ____________.
a. rods—vision in bright light a. vestibular membrane, vestibular nerve
b. rods—visual acuity b. vestibular membrane, spiral organ
c. cones—color vision c. basilar membrane, vestibular nerve
d. basilar membrane, spiral organ

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REVIEWER: 3rd Bimo NEUROPHYSIO REVIEWER
PHYSIOLOGY- 3RD BIMONTHLY | Dr. Redoña 2023
SY 2019-2020

18. Which structure is a specialized receptor found within the utricle? 26. Splanchnic nerves
a. macula a. are part of the parasympathetic division.
b. crista ampullaris b. have preganglionic neurons that synapse in the collateral ganglia.
c. spiral organ c. exit from the cervical region of the spinal cord.
d. cupula d. travel from the spinal cord to the sympathetic chain ganglia.
e. all of the above.
19. Damage to the semicircular canals aff ects the ability to detect
a. sound. 27. Which of the following statements regarding the adrenal gland is
b. the position of the head relative to the ground. true?
c. the movement of the head in all directions. a. Th e parasympathetic division stimulates the adrenal gland to
d. all of the above. release acetylcholine.
b. The parasympathetic division stimulates the adrenal gland to
20. With age, release epinephrine.
a. the ability to detect odors is greatly decreased. c. The sympathetic division stimulates the adrenal gland to release
b. a decrease in the number of rods results in decreased visual acuity. acetylcholine.
c. a decrease in the number of hair cells in the cochlea leads to d. The sympathetic division stimulates the adrenal gland to release
hearing loss. epinephrine.
d. the number of hair cells in the saccule, utricle, and ampullae does
not change. 28. Th e parasympathetic division
e. all of the above. a. is also called the craniosacral division.
b. has preganglionic axons in cranial nerves.
21. Given these phrases: c. has preganglionic axons in pelvic splanchnic nerves.
1. neuron cell bodies in the nuclei of cranial nerves d. has ganglia near or in the wall of effector organs.
2. neuron cell bodies in the lateral gray matter of the spinal cord (S2– e. all of the above.
S4)
3. two synapses between the CNS and effector organs 29. Which of these is not a part of the enteric nervous system?
4. regulates smooth muscle a. ANS motor neurons
Which of the phrases are true for the autonomic nervous system? b. neurons located only in the digestive tract
a. 1,3 b. 2,4 c. 1,2,3 d. c. sensory neurons
2,3,4 e. 1,2,3,4 d. somatic motor neurons

22. Given these structures:

1. gray ramus communicans 30. Concerning the distribution of autonomic axons,
2. white ramus communicans a. autonomic nerve plexuses contain sympathetic and
3. sympathetic chain ganglion parasympathetic axons.
Choose the arrangement that lists the structures in the order an b. sympathetic axons reach the skin and skeletal muscles of most of
action potential passes through them from a spinal nerve to an the body through spinal nerves.
effector organ. c. sympathetic axons reach thoracic organs and parts of the head and
a. 1,2,3 b. 1,3,2 c. 2,1,3 d. 2,3,1 e. 3,2,1 neck through sympathetic nerves.
d. sympathetic axons reach abdominopelvic organs through
23. Given these structures: splanchnic nerves.
1. collateral ganglion e. all of the above.
2. sympathetic chain ganglion
3. white ramus communicans 31. Which of these cranial nerves does not contain parasympathetic
fibers?
4. Splanchnic nerve a. oculomotor (III)
Choose the arrangement that lists the structures in the order an b. facial (VII)
action potential travels through them on the way from a spinal nerve
to an effector organ. c. glossopharyngeal (IX)
a. 1,3,2,4 d. trigeminal (V)
b. b. 1,4,2,3 e. vagus (X)
c. 3,1,4,2
d. 3,2,4,1 32. Which of the following statements concerning the preganglionic
e. 4,3,1,2 neurons of the ANS is true?
a. All parasympathetic preganglionic neurons secrete acetylcholine.
24. The white ramus communicans contains b. Only parasympathetic preganglionic neurons secrete acetylcholine.
a. preganglionic sympathetic fibers. c. All sympathetic preganglionic neurons secrete norepinephrine.
b. postganglionic sympathetic fibers. d. Only sympathetic preganglionic neurons secrete norepinephrine.
c. preganglionic parasympathetic fibers.
d. postganglionic parasympathetic fibers. 33. A cholinergic neuron
a. secretes acetylcholine.
25. The cell bodies of the postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic b. has receptors for acetylcholine.
division are located in the c. secretes norepinephrine.
a. sympathetic chain ganglia. d. has receptors for norepinephrine.
b. collateral ganglia. e. secretes both acetylcholine and norepinephrine.
c. terminal ganglia.
d. dorsal root ganglia. 34. When acetylcholine binds to nicotinic receptors,
e. both a and b a. the cell’s response is mediated by G proteins.
b. the response can be excitatory or inhibitory.

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REVIEWER: 3rd Bimo NEUROPHYSIO REVIEWER
PHYSIOLOGY- 3RD BIMONTHLY | Dr. Redoña 2023
SY 2019-2020

c. Na+ channels open.
d. the binding occurs at the effector organ.
e. all of the above.
35. Nicotinic receptors are located in
a. postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division.
b. postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division.
c. membranes of skeletal muscle cells.
d. both a and b.
e. all of the above.
36. The activation of α and β receptors
a. can produce an excitatory or inhibitory response.
b. can be caused by the sympathetic division.
c. can be caused by epinephrine released from the adrenal gland.
d. can be caused by norepinephrine.
e. all of the above.
37. A sudden increase in blood pressure
a. initiates a sympathetic reflex that decreases heart rate.
b. initiates a local reflex that decreases heart rate.
c. initiates a parasympathetic reflex that decreases heart rate.
d. both a and b.
e. both b and c.
38. The sympathetic division
a. is always stimulatory.
b. is always inhibitory.
c. is usually under conscious control.
d. generally opposes the actions of the parasympathetic division.
e. both a and c.
b. if your patient`s left optic tract is destroyed, he will develop a
bilateral homonymous hemianopsia
c. the lateral lenticulostriate artery is a branch of the middle cerebral
artery
d. the lateral lenticulostriate artery is a branch of the anterior
cerebral artery
e. all of the above are false scientific facts
44. In the treatment of Parkinson`s disease, levodopamine should be
avoided to have decarboxylation to dopamine while still in the
peripheral circulation because peripherally produced dopamine
cannot cross or penetration the blood-brain barrier to reach the
brain of our Parkinson`s disease patient who has a reduced brain
production in dopamine so that we should also give carbidopa
because this carbidopa prevents peripheral circulation conversion of
levodopamine to dopamine via the earlier said decarboxylation
process.
a. true
b. false
45. This is false
a. the direct basal ganglia pathway stimulates the internus globus
pallidus
b. the indirect basal ganglia pathway stimulates first the externus
globus pallidus before it stimulates the internus globus pallidus
c. GABA is an excitatory neurotransmitter
d. none of the above
46. This is false
a. acute angle glaucoma is also called as closed angle glaucoma
b. chronic angle glaucoma is also called as open angle glaucoma
c. the cornea has a very rich vascular supply
d. none of the above

47. This is false

39. Which of these structures is innervated almost exclusively by the a. a patient with myopia/nearsightedness needs concave lens for
sympathetic division? correction
a. gastrointestinal tract b. a patient with hyperopia/farsightedness needs convex lens for
correction
b. heart
c. a patient with myopia has a too long eyeball
c. urinary bladder d. a patient with hyperopia has a too short eyeball
d. reproductive tract e. none of the above
e. blood vessels
48. Tears are produced in the lacrimal gland and exit the gland
40. Which of these is expected if the sympathetic division is through several lacrimal ducts but these tears do not pass over the
activated? surface of the eye before they enter the lacrimal canaliculi until these
a. Secretion of watery saliva increases. tears are carried through the nasolacrimal duct down to the nasal
b. Tear production increases. cavity.
c. Air passageways dilate. a. true
d. Glucose release from the liver decreases. b. false
e. All of the above are true.
49. This is false
41. Which is not a part of the basal ganglia? a. the inferior oblique muscle elevates and laterally deviates gaze and
a. putamen is innervated by the oculomotor nerve
b. globus pallidus b. the superior oblique muscle depresses and laterally deviates gaze
c. caudate nucleus and is innervated by the trochlear nerve
d. red nucleus and substancia nigra c. none of the above is false
e. none of the above
50. This is false
42. What component of the substancia nigra produces dopamine? a. Aqueous humor helps maintain intraocular pressure and is largely
a. substancia nigra pars compacta responsible for maintaining the shape of the eyeball.
b. substancia nigra pars reticulares b. Th e aqueous humor also refracts light and provides nutrition for
c. none of the above the structures of the anterior chamber, such as the cornea, which has
no blood vessels.
43. This is a false scientific fact c. Aqueous humor is produced by the ciliary processes as a blood
filtrate and is returned to the circulation through a venous ring called
a. a pituitary gland tumor which compresses the nasal fibers at the the scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm), which is located at the
level of the optic chiasma will produce a bilateral heteronymous junction of the sclera and cornea.
hemianopsia
d. none of the above is false

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REVIEWER: 3rd Bimo NEUROPHYSIO REVIEWER
PHYSIOLOGY- 3RD BIMONTHLY | Dr. Redoña 2023
SY 2019-2020

51. In a neuron with a resting membrane potential of −65mV, the B) Meissner’s corpuscle
distribution of which ion across the neuronal membrane represents C) Free nerve endings
the greatest potential electromotive force (EMF)? D) Ruffini’s endings
A) Potassium
B) Chloride 60. Which of the following substances enhances the sensitivity of pain
C) Sodium receptors but does not directly
D) Calcium excite them?
A) Bradykinin
52. Forced rapid breathing results in alkalization of the blood which B) Serotonin
would lead to which of the C) Potassium ions
following changes in neuronal activity? D) Prostaglandins
A) Decrease in neuronal activity
B) Increase in neuronal activity 61. Which of the following is an important functional parameter of
C) Initial decrease followed by an increase pain receptors?
D) No change in neuronal activity A) Exhibit little or no adaptation
53. The release of neurotransmitter at a chemical synapse in the B) Not affected by muscle tension
central nervous system is dependent upon C) Signal only flexion at joint capsules
which of the following? D) Can voluntarily be inhibited
A) Synthesis of acetylcholinesterase
B) Hyperpolarization of the synaptic terminal 62. The excitatory or inhibitory action of a neurotransmitter is
C) Opening of ligand-gated ion calcium channels determined by which of the following?
D) Influx of calcium into the presynaptic terminal A) Function of its postsynaptic receptor
B) Molecular composition
54. Which of the following is best described as an elongated, C) Shape of the synaptic vesicle in which it is contained
encapsulated receptor found in the dermal D) Distance between the pre- and post-synaptic membranes
pegs of glabrous skin and is especially abundant on lips and
fingertips? 63. Which of the following statements concerning the transmission of
A) Merkel’s disc pain signals into the central
B) Free nerve endings nervous system is correct?
C) Meissner’s corpuscle A) The “fast” pain fibers that conduct at about 6 to 30 m/sec are
D) Ruffini’s endings classified as type C fibers
B) Type A-delta pain fibers are responsible for the localization of a
55. Pain receptors in the skin are typically classified as which of the pain stimulus
following? C) Upon entering the spinal cord dorsal horn, the fast and slow pain
A) Encapsulated nerve endings fibers synapse with the same
B) Single class of morphologically specialized receptors populations of neurons
C) Same type of receptor that detects position sense D) The paleospinothalamic tract is specialized to rapidly conduct pain
D) Free nerve endings signals to the thalamus

56. Which of the following best describes an expanded tip tactile 64. When comparing the fovea with the periphery of the retina,
receptor found in the dermis of hairy which of the following statements is
skin that is specialized to detect continuously applied touch correct?
sensation? A) The fovea contains an increased proportion of cones
A) Free nerve endings B) The fovea contains an increased proportion of ganglion cells
B) Merkel’s disc C) The fovea contains an increased proportion of horizontal cells
C) Pacinian corpuscle D) The fovea contains an increased proportion of rods
D) Ruffini’s endings E) The fovea contains an increased proportion of vasculature

57. Hypoventilation has which of the following effects on neuronal 65. Which of the following is the middle ear ossicle that is attached to
activity? the tympanic membrane?
A) Depresses neuronal activity A) Columella
B) Increases neuronal activity B) Incus
C) Increases synaptic delay C) Malleus
D) Increases neurotransmitter release D) Modiolus
E) Stapes
58. Which of the following best describes the concept of specificity in
sensory nerve fibers that transmit 66. Light entering the eye passes through which retinal layer first?
only one modality of sensation? A) Inner nuclear layer
A) Frequency coding principle B) Outer nuclear layer
B) Concept of specific nerve energy C) Outer plexiform layer
C) Singularity principle D) Photoreceptor layer
D) Labeled line principle E) Retinal ganglion layer
59. Which of the following is an encapsulated receptor found deep in 67. Ganglion cells attached to photoreceptors located on the
the skin throughout the body as well as in fascial layers where they temporal portion of the retina project to
detect indentation of the skin (pressure) and movement across the which of the following structures?
surface (vibration)? A) Contralateral lateral geniculate nucleus
A) Pacinian corpuscle B) Ipsilateral lateral geniculate nucleus

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SY 2019-2020

C) Ipsilateral medial geniculate nucleus
D) Calcarine fissure
E) Contralateral medial geniculate nucleus
68. Which of the following best describes the “blind spot” of the eye?
A) Located 5 degrees lateral to the central point of vision
B) Exit point of the optic nerve
C) Contains only rods and thus has monochromatic vision
D) Contains no blood vessels
E) Area where chromatic aberration of the lens is the greatest
69. When parallel light rays pass through a concave lens, which of the
following will occur?
A) Rays converge toward each other
B) Rays diverge away from each other
C) They maintain parallel relationship
D) They reflect back in the direction from where they came
E) Rays refract to one focal point
74. Ascending fibers from the excitatory elements of the reticular
activating system reach the intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus and
from there they are distributed to which of the following locations?
A) They project to the somatosensory nuclei of the thalamus
B) They extend widely throughout many areas of cortex
C) They reach the motor nuclei of the thalamus
D) They course primarily to the precentral gyrus
E) They extend primarily to the postcentral gyrus
75. Which of the following statements concerning the general
functional role of the cerebellum is correct?
A) The cerebellum directly stimulates motor neurons required to
make a movement
B) The cerebellum is unable to make corrective adjustments to the
movement once it is performed
C) The cerebellum does not receive feedback from muscles that
execute the actual movement
D) The cerebellum is not involved in the planning of a movement,
only its execution
E) The cerebellum plays an active role in the coordination of the
muscles required to make a
movement

76. Which of the following spinal cord levels contains the entire
70. Which of the following regarding the attenuation reflex is correct? population of preganglionic sympathetic
A) Can increase the intensity of low-frequency sound transmission by neurons?
30 to 40 decibels A) C5-T1
B) Increases the rigidity of the ossicular system, thereby reducing B) C3-C5
conduction of low-frequency C) S2-S4
sounds D) T1-L2
C) Masks high-frequency sounds in a loud environment so lower E) T6-L1
frequency sounds are more easily heard
D) Occurs following a latent period of 4 to 8 seconds after the loud 77. Which of the following statements best describes a functional role
sound for the lateral hemispheres of the
E) Protects the cochlea from the damaging vibrations of relatively cerebellum?
quiet but high-frequency sounds
A) Controls and coordinates movements mof the axial muscles as well
as the shoulder and hip
71. Which of the following substances will elicit the sensation of bitter B) Controls movements that involve distal limb musculature
taste?
A) Aldehydes C) Functions with the cerebral cortex to plan movements
B) Alkaloids D) Stimulates motor neurons through its connections to the spinal
cord
C) Amino acids
D) Hydrogen ions 78. Which of the following items would produce an increase in
E) Ketones cerebral blood flow?
A) Increase in carbon dioxide concentration
72. Damage to the VIth cranial nerve will produce which of the B) Increase in oxygen concentration
following deficits in eye movement? C) Decrease in the activity of cerebral cortex neurons
A) Inability to move the eyes in a vertical up and down motion D) Decrease in carbon dioxide concentration
B) Inability to rotate the eyes within the eye socket E) Decrease in arterial blood pressure from 120 mm Hg to 90 mm Hg
C) Inability to move the eyes laterally towards the midline
D) Inability to move the eyes laterally away from the midline 79. Which of the following is the correct Brodmann number
E) Vertical strabismus designation for the primary motor cortex?
A) 6
73. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the focal B) 5
length of a convex lens? C) 4
A) Converging light rays passing through a convex lens will converge D) 3
at a focal point farther away
than the focal length of that lens E) 1
B) Diverging light rays passing through a convex lens will converge at
a focal point closer than the 80. Which of the following body parts is represented most laterally
focal length of that lens and inferiorly within the primary
C) Parallel light rays passing through a convex lens will converge at a motor cortex?
focal point equal to the focal length of that lens A) Face
D) The image produced by a convex lens is right side up, but its two B) Hand
lateral sides are reversed with respect to the object C) Neck
E) The lens with the greatest convexity will have the longest focal D) Abdomen
length E) Lower limb

81. Tears are produced in the lacrimal gland and exit the gland
through several lacrimal ducts but these tears do not pass over the

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SY 2019-2020

surface of the eye before they enter the lacrimal canaliculi until these
tears are carried through the nasolacrimal duct down to the nasal 90. Which of the following statements regarding the adrenal gland is
cavity. true?
a. true a. The parasympathetic division stimulates the adrenal gland to
b. false release acetylcholine.
b. Th e parasympathetic division stimulates the adrenal gland to
82. This is false release epinephrine.
a. the inferior oblique muscle elevates and laterally deviates gaze and c. Th e sympathetic division stimulates the adrenal gland to release
is innervated by the oculomotor nerve acetylcholine.
b. the superior oblique muscle depresses and laterally deviates gaze d. The sympathetic division stimulates the adrenal gland to release
and is innervated by the trochlear nerve epinephrine.
c. none of the above is false

83. This is false

a. Aqueous humor helps maintain intraocular pressure and is largely 91. Nicotinic receptors are located in
responsible for maintaining a. postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division.
the shape of the eyeball. b. postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division.
b. Th e aqueous humor also refracts light and provides nutrition for c. membranes of skeletal muscle cells.
the structures of the anterior chamber, such as the cornea, which has d. both a and b.
no blood vessels. e. all of the above.
c. Aqueous humor is produced by the ciliary processes as a blood
filtrate and is returned to the circulation through a venous ring called 92. The activation of α and β receptors
the scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) , which is located at the a. can produce an excitatory or inhibitory response.
junction of the sclera and cornea.
d. none of the above is false b. can be caused by the sympathetic division.
c. can be caused by epinephrine released from the adrenal gland.
84. Which is not a part of the basal ganglia? d. can be caused by norepinephrine.
a. putamen e. all of the above.
b. globus pallidus
c. caudate nucleus 93. A sudden increase in blood pressure
d. red nucleus and substancia nigra a. initiates a sympathetic reflex that decreases heart rate.
e. none of the above b. initiates a local reflex that decreases heart rate.
c. initiates a parasympathetic reflex that decreases heart rate.
85. What component of the substancia nigra produces dopamine? d. both a and b.
a. substancia nigra pars compacta e. both b and c.
b. substancia nigra pars reticulares
c. none of the above 94. Given these structures:
1. perilymph
86. This is a false scientific fact 2. endolymph
a. a pituitary gland tumor which compresses the nasal fibers at the 3. vestibular membrane
level of the optic chiasma will produce a bilateral heteronymous 4. basilar membrane
hemianopsia Choose the arrangement that lists the structures in the order sound
b. if your patient`s left optic tract is destroyed, he will develop a waves coming from the outside encounter them in producing sound.
bilateral homonymous hemianopsia a. 1,3,2,4 d. 2,4,1,3
c. the lateral lenticulostriate artery is a branch of the middle cerebral b. 1,4,2,3 e. 3,4,2,1
artery c. 2,3,1,4
d. the lateral lenticulostriate artery is a branch of the anterior
cerebral artery 95. Given these structures:
1. lens 3. vitreous humor
87. This is false 2. aqueous humor 4. cornea
a. the direct basal ganglia pathway stimulates the internus globus Choose the arrangement that lists the structures in the order that
pallidus light
b. the indirect basal ganglia pathway stimulates first the externus entering the eye encounters them.
globus pallidus before it stimulates the internus globus pallidus a. 1,2,3,4
c. GABA is an excitatory neurotransmitter b. 1,4,2,3
d. none of the above c. 4,1,2,3
d. 4,2,1,3
88. This is false e. 4,3,2,1
a. acute angle glaucoma is also called as closed angle glaucoma
b. chronic angle glaucoma is also called as open angle glaucoma 96. Given these structures:
c. the cornea has a very rich vascular supply 1. gray ramus communicans
d. none of the above 2. white ramus communicans
3. sympathetic chain ganglion
89. Splanchnic nerves Choose the arrangement that lists the structures in the order an
a. are part of the parasympathetic division. action potential passes through them from a spinal nerve to an
b. have preganglionic neurons that synapse in the collateral ganglia. effector organ.
c. exit from the cervical region of the spinal cord. a. 1,2,3
d. travel from the spinal cord to the sympathetic chain ganglia. b. 1,3,2
e. all of the above. c. 2,1,3

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REVIEWER: 3rd Bimo NEUROPHYSIO REVIEWER
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SY 2019-2020

d. 2,3,1
e. 3,2,1

97. Which of these is not a part of the enteric nervous system?

a. ANS motor neurons
b. neurons located only in the digestive tract
c. sensory neurons
d. somatic motor neurons

98. Which of these cranial nerves does not contain parasympathetic fi

bers?
a. oculomotor (III)
b. facial (VII)
c. glossopharyngeal (IX)
d. trigeminal (V)
e. vagus (X)

99. Which of the following statements concerning the preganglionic

neurons of the ANS is true?
a. All parasympathetic preganglionic neurons secrete acetylcholine.
b. Only parasympathetic preganglionic neurons secrete acetylcholine.
c. All sympathetic preganglionic neurons secrete norepinephrine.
d. Only sympathetic preganglionic neurons secrete norepinephrine.

100. Which is a false medical/scientific fact?

a. presbyopia is the normal, unavoidable degeneration of the
accommodation power of the eye that occurs as a consequence of
aging so that the lens becomes hard and less flexible and it can be
corrected by the use of “reading glasses ” which are worn only for
close work and are removed when the person wants to see at a
distance.
b. astigmatism is a defect in which the cornea or lens is not uniformly
curved and the image is not sharply focused and that glasses may be
made to adjust for the abnormal curvature as long as the curvature is
not too irregular because If the curvature of the cornea or lens is too
irregular, the condition is difficult to correct.
c. myopia , or nearsightedness, is the ability to see close objects
clearly while distant objects appear blurry because the eye focusing
system, made up of the cornea and lens, is optically too powerful, or
the eyeball is too long so that images are focused in front of the
retina and that myopia is corrected by a concave lens that spreads
out the light rays coming to the eye so that when the light is now
focused by the eye, it is focused on the retina and such lenses are
called “minus” lenses.
d. Hyperopia , or farsightedness, is the ability to see distant objects
clearly while close objects appear blurry because the cornea and lens
system is optically too weak or the eyeball is too short so that the
focused image is behind the retina when looking at a close object and
that hyperopia is corrected
by a convex lens that causes light rays to converge as they approach
the eye and to focus on the retina and such lenses are called “plus”
lenses.
e. none of the above is a false medical/scientific fact

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