FEU-NICANOR REYES MEDICAL FOUNDATION CODE: 111

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY
FIRST PRELIMINARY EXAM IN MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY-A
FEBRUARY 13, 2020

NAME:__:_k_.:.'f.;j:_:::.J__ _ _ _ __

DIRECTION: DO NOT WRITE YOUR LETTER-ANSWER ON THE QUESTIONNAIRE. YOU MAy

UNDERLINE/ENCIRCLE/CHECK YOUR LETTER-ANSWER THEN FINALIZE BY
SHADING ON THE PROVIDED ANSWER SHEET.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. CHOOSE THE .effil LETTERED ANSWER.

_J) 1. The following is/are ampiphatic
A. Cholesterol
B. Transmembrane proteins
C. Glycolipids
D. All of the above
A 2. This isTRUE of the fluidity of the membrane
A. It is detennined by temperature and by its lipid composition.
13. As temperature increases, the fluidity of the membrane decreases.
C. The presence of saturated fatty acids increases its fluidity.
D. The presence of saturated fatty acids produces kinks, which prevents the molecules from
associating closely with surrounding lipids.
A 3. According to Fick's first law of diffusion, the rate of diffusion
A. will be faster fer smaller molecules than larger molecules.
-B. are high in the presence of small concentration gradients.
C. is greater when the molecule is more water soluble.
D. is faster when diffuslon coefficient is lower.
A 4. Urea is said to be an ineffective osmole because
A. it can readily cross the red blood cell membrane.
'B. its reflection coefficient is 1.
C. it can exert an osmotic pressure that balances the pressure generated by the intracellular
solutes of RBC.
D. its molecules are neither completely able nor completely unable to cross the cell membrane .
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
MATCHING TYPE: Match Column A with Column B

Column A Column a
__ 5. Insulin
_G A. G-protein coupled receptor
A
6. Acetylcholine B. Nuclear receptor
R 7.Cholecalciferol C. Enzyme-linked receptor
_JL_ 8. Tetraiodothyronine D. Ligand-gated ion channels

..................................
Column A COiumn B
4 A
9. Passive diffusion A. driven by thennal motion of molecules
__L 10. Osmosis B. d~ven by gradient created by Na-K pump
_.1_ 11. Secondary active transport C. dnven by concentration difference of solutes
E 12. Filtration D. direct utilization of energy from ATP hydrolysis
...D 13. Primary active transport E. due to pressure difference
......,...,......................
 2

A 14. Cells in hypotonic solutiOn utilize the K-CL symporter Which, . .

-- A. reduces cellular KCI and organic osmolytes, decreasing the intracellular osmotic pressure, and
- returning the cell near to its orig!~al volume. . . . .
B. reduces cellular KCI and organic osmolytes, mcreastng the intracellular osmotic pressure, and
returning the cell near to its original volume. . . .
c. increases cellular KCI and organic osmolytes, increasing the intracellular osmotic pressure, and
returning the cell near to its origin~ volume. . .
o. inaeases cellular KCI and organic osmolytes, decreasing the intracellular osmotic pressure,
and returning the cell near to its original volume.
_D_ 15. tn receptor-mediated endocytosis, this protein assists in the separation of the endocytic vesicle from the
membrane
A. clathrin
B. adaptin
C. kinesin
0. dynamin
__A_ 16. When
a cell is affected by a sub-threshold stimulus, which ion channel is having greater activity
A. sodium-potassium leak channels
13. voltage gated potassium channels
C. voltage gated potassium channels
D. chloride leak channels
_JJ
__ 17. During the latter part of repolarization, there is greater activity of the
A. voltage gated sodium channels
8. sodium-potassium pump
C. ligand gated sodium channels
D. voltage gated calcium channels
_ C/_ 18. This ,equation/law provides a better determination of the magni1ude of the resting membrane potential
A. Nemst equation
B. Fick's law
C. Goldman-Hodgkin Katz equation
D.Ohm'slaw
_ C/
_ 19. At the start of repolarization, the membrane of the excitable cell is very close to the equilibrium potential I
A. cluonde 'ions
B. potassium ions
C. sodium ions
b. phosphates
_ _ 20. Immediate closure of the voltage gated-sodium channels at the end of depolarization is due to the activity
A. activation gates of the voltage gated sodium channels
§. inactivation gates of the voltage gated sodium channels
C. sodium-potassium pump
0. sodium potassium ieak channels
v
--- 21. This is a characteristic of an action potential
A. usually presenting lesser electrical changes
B. has no periods of refractoriness
~- inability to udergo temporal summation
D. ~ not_follow the "all or none• principle
v 22. When stimulated by sub-threshold intensfty, a sensory receptor develops a/an
A. action potential
B. end-plate potential
9. generator potential
D. EPSP or IPSP
23. When polarized, a neuron while maintaining its normal condition is NOT doing this activity
A. transporting potassium out of the cell
8. consuming energy
C. transporting sodium ions into the ceH
D. transporting proteins out of the cell
r ••,...-- -• ,_.....,_,...,..,_
 3

24 . In the1eneration of ~n patential, which perioc is the membrane having an inside positive charge
,.peak of deplolanzalion
~Eafter-hyperpolarization
c after-depolarization .
c positive after-potential
A 25. The c ti is observed to be ~on-excitable during th3
A peak of depolarization
B after-hyperpolarization
C after-depolarization
o~negative after-potential
A 26. Whenta pre-synaptic nerve interacts with a pos:-synaptic nerve, action potentials are usually initially
gener.\.ted at this part of the post-synaptic nerve
A 3Xon hillock
B :tendrites
Cuna
D axon tenninal
27. In a nE-ve, the activity of SNAREs is observed mcstly in the
A. ;ellbOdy
B. iendrites
C. 3Xon hillock
D. lXOn terminal
6 28. Produc ion of myelin in the CNS is a major functid1 of the
A. nicroglia
B. >Chwann cells
C. 11igodendroglia
D. ,atellite cells
-B 29. Abnom alities seen in a patient affected with bacterial toxins that destroy the SNAREs lead to problems in
A. 1roduction of NTAs
_!3. ,.,'Bnsmission of impulses in chemical syna~ses
C. ynthesis of receptor proteins at the post-synaptic area
D. ,activating the NTAs
30. When cJffA affects ·an ionotropic l'e'Ceptor at the ~-ost-synaptic area, it leads
ti. ;>activation only of ion channels
~- ~>a slower activity (post-synaptic) and of st ort duration
C. i 1osHy to biochemical activities (post-synaplic area)
A D. t 10stly to inhibition of the post-synaptic are11
31. When c lciqm ions enter the pre-synaptic cell, the ,-SNARE activated immediately is
maptotagmin
~ -!
B. ~ ,naptobrevin
C. ~ tntaxin
_J) D. f \JAP-25
_ _ _ 32. When ~ 'SP is generated the post-synaptic area in tially undergoes
-A. 1r creased-conductance for -chloride
B. ajCf'8aS8d conductance for chloride
C. k -cal depolarization with potassium efflux
Q•le cat del)OtariZation With sodium tnffux
33. CORREt,T regarding the activity of efferent neuror >
A. rt. ~ives impulses directly from sensory ana omical receptor
!3 · tr 1nsmit impulses directly ·to effectors
C. b msmit impulses directly to the sensory an 1tomical receptors
Se D. n ceive impulses usually from effectors
34
· n~~ ecep~rs ~re ~bed as the body tranSl ucer because they are capable of
· mmu~icating directly with the higher centcr
8
c·
C nverti~g one form Of energy into another f lrm of energy
. · u idergomg adaptation
D. 9 ·nerating action potential repetitively when activated
MORE QUE_STIONS
I 4

35. Which is NOT a mechanism involved in the inactivation / deactivation of NTAs?

A. Reuptake
8. Exocytosis of the NTA•receptor complex
"C. Alteration of the receptor protein
(J D. Enzymatic deactivation
36. BEST description of calcium receptor present in the cisterns of skeletal muscles.
A. Voltage - gated
8. Thennally - gated
C. Mechanically - gated
~ _D. Ligand-ga~ed
_ _ 37. Which of the following event/s occur/s after action potential in skeletal muscle twitch?
A. Latent phase
B. Latent phase and contraction phase
_c. Contraction phase and relaxation phase
--b D. Relaxation phase and fatent phase
38. Type of skeletal muscle contraction present when doing squats using body weight
A. Static: Isometric
!). Dynamic: rsotonie
C. Dynamic: Auxotonic
A- D. Dynamic: lsokinetic
_ _ 39. Characteristic of the skeletal muscle used by marathoners
_A. Has plenty of mitochondria
8. Main metabolic process is glycolysis
C. Easily fatigued
D. Innervated by Type A nerve fibers

--
V 40. Which of the following explains the mechanism behind tetanus?
A. Quanta! summation
B. Recruitment of motor units
C. Frequency summation
D. Multiple fiber recruitment
J?J 41. What is a CORRECT statement regarding the disease Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome?
A. An ·autoimmune disease with a pathologic presynaptic signaling.
e. An autoimmune disease with a pathologic calcitfrfl releasing mechanism.
C. An autoimmune disease treated with nicotine.
D. Ao autoimmune dlsease with decreased number of postsynaptlc receptors.
~ 42. Max, a French tour guide is attempting to lift a 50 pound dumbbell using his biceps. He noted that his
biceps is shortening and building up tension during the activity. This is what type of muscle
contraction?
A. Isometric
B. Isotonic
C. Concentric
Tl Eccentric
_d2._ ·43. Which is a TRUE statement about the sarcotubula r system-of the skeletal muscle?
T-tubules, there will be opening of the ligand gated
A. Once action potential reaches the
ryanodine receptors.
e.Opening of the DNP receptors will now ·t au- the opening of lh·e lhennalty gated ryanodine receptors.
C. The sarcoplasmlc reticulum is said to be direct extensions of the skeletal muscle cell membrane.
D. The sequestration of Calcium ions back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum is an example of active transport.
44. Whicll 'is a iRUE slatemerit about .the generation of impulse lrom lhe motor nerve to the effector cell?·
A. The influx of Calcium ions into the axon will help in the fusion of the vesicles to the axon
terminal because Calcium ions will bind to synaptobrevin in particular.
B. SNAP 25 ls one of the two V-SNARE proteins.
-C. The release of acetylcholine is via hydrolysis and the destruction of acetylcholine will yield
acetate + choline.
o. The acetylcholine receptors in the skeletal muscle cen are said to be muscarinic.
MORE QUESTIONS
 5
J)_ . . volu mered use his triceps muscle in the Phy
_ 45. A Finnish flight attenieddmindt ~ stocan siology
currents were appl a conua..llVI• be seen. Which is/are a TRUE statemenlabo ratory. Electrical
t/s regarding whole
muscle contraction charactenstics?
A. In multiple fiber summation, size principle ✓ · th t alle
is followed , stating a sm r ffi\J scles are recnu·ted
first before larger muscles.
B The staircase effect is also known as the ,_.,.
trep pe.
c·. Skeletal muscles are capable of undergoing incomplete ... . .
tetanus and complete tetamzation .
D. All OF THE ABOVE
A E. or& B
46. If a motA nerve to skeletal muscle innervaHon ratio beco
mes smaller, ~- ·· t
u"' pr8CISIOn o movement wt·n be
-- ·
A.Higher
13. Lower
C. The same
& 47. What is/are af ALSE statement/s abollt
the skeletal
A. The covering is called sarcolemma, whic muscle? ..,
h is C90Sidered a true cell membrane.
B. Microscopically, the muscles are striated and
are under voluntary control.
c.
The resting me·mbrane ·pote·nttal is -90mV; Whic
h is tes!"negative th-~n th·at o~ ~ nerve cen.
D. The sarcomere is the functional unit whic
h will shorten in length dunng_the shding of
E. All OF THE ABOVE the filaments .
j) 48. What is a characteristic of -the muscle fiber
s of a 100kg deadlift athlete'?
A. Type I ,
B. Myoglobin-rich '
C. Enhanced oxidative enzymes
D. White muscle fibers
-
QUANTIT ATNE ANALYSIS. SHADE AIf
•••••••••••••••••••••••••
••••••••
ITEM AIS HIGHER/MORE THAN ITEM B.
SHADE BIF ITEM A IS LOWER/LESS THA
N ITEM B.
SHADE C IF ITEM A IS EQUAL TO/SAME
A A
AS ITEM B.
_ _ 49. muscle tension ... .. ......... 2.2 um
sarcomere .?. ...... ....... .. ... ... ......... 1 um sarcB
_A.. ·50. velocity of contraction .... lifting ·5 kg dumbell ...... :-?. ...... ...... .. .... .......... lifting
omere
J! ._ 51. precision of movement.. 1:10 motor unit 1Okg dumbe11
ratio ......... 1.................... 1:5 motor unit ratio

CAUSE AND EFFECT. SHADE A IF INCREA

SE IN ITEM A WILL INCREASE/STIMULA
SHADE BIF INCREASE IN ITEM A WILL DEC TE ITEM B.
REASE/INHIBIT ITEM B.
SRADE C IF ITEM A Wi ll NOT AFFECT/Ct-l
ANGE ITEM B.
C ITEM A
__ __ 52. dose of nicotine .................. ...... ITEM B
........... ........ ~ ... amount of acetylcholinester
C 53. dose of curare ............... ... ..............
--P:- 54. load for the mus ..... .......... -~ ... amount of acetylcholinease
sterase
cle to ract against..1............ ........ velocity of mus
_ C 55. force of skeletal musclecont contraction ....1.. .. .. ..... ..... .... ~ ... Absolute
cle contraction
length of actin filament

MATCHING TYPE
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
A
J) 56. Divisions of the peripheral NS B
T 57. NE and Ach are released by post-9anglion
ic fibers
A. Somatic nervous system
~ 58. ane-neuron efferent nerv B. Sympathetic nervous system
e
-~ 59. Ach is the NTA released at the NMJ C. Parasympathetic nervous system
&
_.. ..:. -
so.
Peripheral ganglion include otic and aliary D. All of these
E. Band Conly

MORE QUESTIONS
 .....................
6
,....,......

~
-t A 8
Stimulation of...
61. Increased glycogenolysis
-~ 62. IOO'eased vascularresistance A. Nicotinic receptors
__!!>_ 63. Increased GI peristalsis B. Muscartnic receptors
0 64. Miosis C. a receptors
D. preceptors
A 85. Stimulation of post-ganglionic neuron

66. JUO went on a roller coaster ride in Universal Studios. Which of the following is increased?
A. Renal blood flow ·
~- Blood glucose
C. Gall bladder contraction
A D. GI peristalsis
67. Which ·of the following increases parasympathetic effects in the body?
A. Hypertension
-8. Asthma attack
C. Kemontiage
J) D. Hypoglycemia
68. Wh~ ()f t!1e following is TRUE regarding norepinephrine?
A. lt stimulates lH receptors.
8. It is released at neuro-muscular junctions.
C. It is released at sympathetic ganglia.
D. It is degraded by MAO and COMT.
J) 69. Malathion is an organophosphate that inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity. When used as a poiso
which of the following symptoms is observed?
A. Midriasis
8. Constipation
C. Dry mouth
D. Vomiting
J3 70. Which of the following regulates autonomic responses during food and water intake, temperatu
regulation, iimd regulation of eCF osmolarity?
A. Cerebral cortex
8. Hypothalamus
c. Limbic system
D. Medulla oblongata
71. One difference between the autonomic NS and somatic NS is that in the latter
A. response of the effector is instantaneous
8. Ach and NE are released by efferent nerve endings
c.
response of the effector is always excitatory
o. most of the efferent nerves originate from the brainstem
72. Which of the following pairings (preganglionic nerve-peripheral ganglion) is INCORRECT?
-- A. T3 - T5 : stellate ganglion
8. CN 3 : ciRary ganglion
C. CN 7 : sphenopalatine gangfioo
Q, CN 10 : otic ganglion
73. Cholinergic transmission is present in the following EXCEPT:
D A. Somatic fibers to the skeletal muscle
B. Sympathetic preganglionic fibers
c.Parasympathetic post ganglionic fibers to the heart
o. Sympathetic post ganglionic fibers to the blood vessels of the viscera
A 74 The main mecharism that deactNates NE in the sympathetic NEJ is
· A. by reuptake by the prejunctional fibers
e.
thru the action of MAO
c. thru the action of COMT
o. by diffusion away from the NEJ
UESTIONS
I 7

j) 75. cAMP mediates the actii ,n of which NTA on the receptor?

A.Ach-N1
B. NE-B1
C.Ach-M2
C, 76 _Whi~-~~;;;,~wing p; irings (~ptor stimulated - responSt of effector) is CORRECT?
A. N2 • skeletal mus ;le contraction
B. M3 _ pupillary cor ;triction
C. a1 -vasoconstriCI on
D. B2-tachycardia
J) n.
Which of the following is Jresent in a fight or flight response?
- A. Coronary vasocoi striction
B. Miosis
C. t lipogenesis
D. t glycogenolysis
_A_ 78. Which of the following re .ponses is indicative of parasympathE jc dysfunction?
A. Constipation
B. Bradycardia
C. Bronchoconstricti<n
'
D. J, sweating
J? 79. -A MAQ.inhibitor drug will 1ave which of the following effect~?
A. J, salivation '
~-t heart rate
C. pupillary constricti, ,n
v D. t intestinal motilit)
- - 80. Atropine is a parasympatt etic drug. When administered to a pa ient, it will cause which of the following?
A. J, heart rate
B. Diarrhea
C. Mydriasis
D. Vasodilation
SGD:CELLJNERVE ~
81. Cardiac glycosides i~ire :tty increase the intracellular ~ ~~ concentration by inhibiting the Na+-K•
ATPase ~ump. In_ this ext mple, what type of transport do calci, m ions utilize?
A. pnrnary active
B. secondary active
C. facilitated diffusion
D. simple diffusion
82. The Na+-K~ ATPase pumr is a:
A. earner
B. channel
C. uniporter
D. symporter
83. The Na•-Ca++countertrans lOrt
A transports 1c· 1· er:
· ca •um >ns along its g ad" t
B. transports calcium I . . r ien
C· transports soo·1um .umsn . .its gradient
against .
D. all of the above ' 5 against its gradient
E. A and C only
84. What ion primarily determ~
A. Na• 1es the RMP?
B.K•
C. CI·
D. P04-

MORE QUESTIONS
I' ,
 8
J) 85. Mow does alcohofism cause hypakatemia?
A. kaliuresis
B. acidosis induced secretion of potassium
C. magnesium deficiency related loss of potassium
Q. all of the above
J) E. Aand Bonly
__ 86. What happens to the RMP when the serum potassium level is 2.0 meq/L
A. depolarized
B. hypopolalized
C. polarized
D. hyperpolalized
87. Multiple sclerosis is a progressive demyelinating disease which primarily affects the
A. gray matter
B. white matter
C.soma
D. dendrites
A 88. _ _ _ axonal diameter: _ _ _ impulse velocity
A. ,ncl'e'aSe: inCi'ease'
~ -increase: decrease
C. decrease: increase
D. no correlation
89. White matter conducts action potential:
A. along the entire axonal length
B. from one ·node of Ranvier to a-riother
C. from one myelin sheath to another
D. from one soma to another
90. Dernyerrn·aoon leads to:
A. increased conduction velocity leading to incessant filing of action potential
a.
decreased conduction velocity leading to decreased amplitude of action potential
C. sufficient firing of action potential from one node to the next
D. propagation of action potential towards the motor end plate

SGD:MUSCLE

91 . STM, a 34 y/o female, is due for a surgical procedure. General anesthesia was given. After several
minutes, she developed malignant hyperthermia. Drugs were immediately discontinued and she was
instead given
-A. Acetylcholine
B. Atropine
C.Dantrolene
5. suecinyfcholin·e
92. STM manifested high blood pressure and elevated respiratory rate. This can be explained by
A. uncontrolled generation of action potential in the sarcolemma
§. continuous release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic cisterns
C. failure of the sarcoplasmic tubules to sequester calcium
D. inability of calcium to detached from troponin C
k 93. SuccinylchoNne will cause a _ _ _ _ paralysis.
A. depolarizing
B. non-depolarizing
C. repolarizing
_J) D. non-repolarizing
94. The drug Dan1rolene pa:ified the manifestations of STM because it inhibits which of the following receptors?
A. Dihydropyridine
B. Nicotinic M
C. Muscan'nic 3
~ Ryanodine
MORE QUESTIONS
 9
95. Initial e~nt in excitation - contraction couplfng of skeletal muscles.
l
A. Depolarization of motor neuron
B. Release of neurotransmitter
C. Generation of action potential ln sarcolemma
D. Binding of calcium with Troponin C
96. In doing high intensity shoulder and leg press, which of the following describes the musc
le used?
A. Muscle is slow and utilizes oxidative system
B. Capillary density is low
-c. Calcium pumping capacity is moderate
_D D. \nnervated by Type Cnerve fibers
97. What is the significance of warm up exercise before an athletic event?
A. It inaeases blood flow before exercise
B. To immediately inaease the rate of muscle contraction
C. For better flexibility and range of motion
f) Q. All of the above
_ _ 98. Muscle cramping after strenuous exercise is due to
A. increase release of calcium
B. decreased sequestration of calcium
C. increased Na• - Ca2• pump in the sarcolemma
v D. decreased activity of DHP receptors
_ _ 99. ln Brody's disease. the defect is in the
A. Nlcotink: -1 receptors
B. RYR receptors
C. Ca 2• ATPase pump - 1
0 6. Na+- Ca2•exchanger
_ _ 100. Fatigue could develop if there Is an increase in
A. pH
~.ADP
C.ca6cium
0. All of the abo~

ENO OF EXAM

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