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FEU-NICANOR REYES MEDICAL FOUNDATION CODE: 112

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY
FIRST PRELIMINARY EXAM IN MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY-8
FEBRUARY 13, 2020

NAME:_ _ _ _ _ _ __
k _fCJ

DIRECTION: DO NOT WRITE YOUR LETTER-ANSWER ON THE QUESTIONNAIRE. YOU MAY

UNDERLINE/ENCIRCLE/CHECK YOUR LETTER-ANSWER THEN FINALIZE BY
SHADING ON THE PROVIDED ANSWER SHEET.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. CHOOSE THE BEST LETTERED ANSWER.

A 1. Which of the following is / are functions of the urinary system?
A. Regulates blood volume by regulating urine volume
-8. Excretes degraded protoporphyrin IX that are unconjugated
C. Endocrine as evidenced by activation of calcitonin
D. All of the above
b 2. Which of the following capillaries will secrete substances into the proximal tubule?
A. Glomerular capillaries
8. Peritubular capillaries
"C. Vasa recta
D. Radial arteries
3. Which of the following is an effect of Angiotensin II on the mesangial cells?
A. Increase renin secretion
a. Increase serum creatinine
C. Decrease plasma colloid osmotic pressure
D. Decrease afferent arteriole diameter
_J) 4. The structures that limit the size of fenestrae of glomerular capiltaries are part of Which of the foltoWing?
A. Capillary endothelium
8. Diaphragm of fenestrated capillaries
C. l:fferent arteriole
D. Visceral layer of Bowman's capsule
A 5. Watereasily leaves the thin ascending loop of Henle (LOH) because it is lined by
A. simple squamous
8. simple cuboidal
C. simple columnar
D. simple cuboidal with brush borders
j) 6. HB complains of inability to urinate despite feeling of urinary bladder fullness. He MOST LIKELY damaged his
A. pudenda! nerve
8. hypogasbic nerve
C. sympathetic fibers
u.parasympathetic fibers
7. Which of the following is an effect of ureterorenal reflex?
A. Decreased pain sensation when there is ureteral obstruction
!3. Afferent arteriolar constriction causing decrease urine flow
C. Efferent arteriolar constriction resulting in increase filtration
D. Increased parasympathetic stimulation as a result of bladder obstruction
..............................
Case for 18 and 9: A patient had acute respiratory disease (pneumonia) after exposure to NCoV. Given
the following values, her kidney function was evaluated. Plasma creatinine of 1.2 mg I ml, urine
rt . creatinine of 120 mg / ml and urine flow rate of 0.9 mVmin.
_ v_ 8. The computed glornerular filtration rate (GFR) is
A.high
8. normal
C. low
b. undeterrrnned
I

_If ~al bfood flow is 500 ml / min, the filtration frc ;tion
fs around
v 9 1
A. 10%
8.13%
C. 18%
-0. 22%
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
.. phrine secreted by adrenal meduHa after a
10. '3ased on your knowledge of ANS, optimal le\. els of epine
~tressful event will result in
➔ decreased filtration rate ➔
now
A. afferent arteriolar constriction ➔ decrea ,ed ·renal blood
decreased urine volume
flow ➔ increased filtration rate ➔ increased
l B. afferent arteriolar dilation ➔ increased : enal blood
- urine volume
flow ➔ decreased filtration rate ➔
C. efferent arteriolar constriction ➔ decre, sed renal blood
decreased urine volume
sed filtration rate ➔ increased
nt arteriOlar dilation ➔ ·increased -enal blood flow ➔ Increa
I
i D. effere
urine volume
11. Which of the following will decrease renal plas 1a flow?
A. Angiotensin II ·on AT2 receptors
t 8. Epinephrine on & receptors
f .9. Adenosine on ADO1 receptors
\ 0. Atrial Natriuretic 'Peptide on NPR1 rece itors
structure/s?
12.'Counter cunent mechanism involves which of he following
A. TAL
1 _B. TAL and vasa recta
t C. TAL, vasa recta, main loop of Henle af'd PCT
f D. TAL, vasa recta , main loop of Henle ar d collecting tubule
...... ..., ...... ...... .......

on excretion of substance below. Letters may be

Fo" Questions 13 to 1S: Choo se the predomina it effect
used once, more than )nee or not at all.

,. •

Ul,a

C D

~ ' l. Glucose (Serum glucose is 200 mg/dl)

...L_ ~ t Sodium (Serum Na• is 140 mEqs/L)
JJ 5. Urea (Serum urea is 7 mmol/L)
 3

e, 16. FCB is bleeding protusety from an open wound. This helps in maintaining intraV8$CUlar fluid vol
A. lnuUn ume.
B. 0.9%NaCI
C. Albumln
b. 05W
17. VNB is 35 weeks pregnant. Bipedal edema is seen. Which of the following is the cause of edema?
A. Increased Kf.
B. Deaeased lymphatic drainage.
C. Increased Pc.
a. 0. Decreased m:.
18. Which of the following prevents edema?
_ft_
A. Deaeased compliance of the interstitium.
B. 7 mmHg pressure in the lnterstitium.
C. 3 mmHg pressure in the interstitium.
. 9. Deaeased lymphatic drainage.
19. G~V drinks 1L of water. Which of the following is TRUE after 2 hours?
A. Plasma Na decreases.
8. Plasma osmolarity decreases.
C. Tubular AQP2 increases.
C, !;). Urine specific gravity is low.
20. DTP is diagnosed with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. Urea reabsorptk>n in the collecting tubules is increased.
8. Renal medulla is isotonic.
C. 0rganum vasculosum is continually stimulated.
D. Vasopresin synthesis and secretion are decreased.
v
21. Which of the following will decrease the activity of the countercurrent multiplier?
A. Decreased blood flow through the vasa recta.
8. lnaeased tubular filtrate flow rate.
C. Inhibition of the NKCC2 transporter and NaCl cotransport.
b. Inhibition of the AQP2 and UT-A1 channels.
A 22. Which of the following will increase the osmolarity of the renal medullary interstitium?
A. Decreased blood flow through the vasa recta.
B. lncreased tubular filtrate flow rate.
C. Inhibition of the NKCC2 transporter and NaCl cotransport.
~6 D. Inhibition oftheAQP2 and UT-A1 channels.
~ 23. Which of the following decreases ca clearance by the kidneys?
A.PTH
8. VitD
-c. P04
O.Calcitonin
A 24. WhiCh of the following is TRUE regarding K homeostasis?
A. Decreased plasma pH increases plasma K.
-e. lnsuHn increases plasma K.
C. Na reahsorption is dependent on availability of Kln the OCi.
D. Hyperkalemia decreases tubular principal cell activity.
A- 25. Which of the following increases with inaeased NaCl intake?
ft. Uroguanilyn
8.Aldosterone
C. Epinephrine
o. Angiotensin n
A 26. Which of the following is mainly seaeted by the renal tubules?
A. Cationic drugs
-B. Anions
C. H2C03
o. Urea
MORE QUESTIONS
--
A
27. Which of 1he folio . .
AH
e· _wing IS TRUE in
ypoventtlation i n ~ regulating
· Kidneys excrete H H2C03.
.
plasma pH?
4 •·
C. Maximum bufferi when Plasma pH is increased
A .
D. Alkalosis incre ng ~ of P04 buffer is
28. Which of the followi ~ CHntercalated cell activ 74
ity · ·
A HC03 ng 18 TRUE in Patients with .
"'. Pu clearance will increase plasma pH of 7-48?
D. lmonaru tila
C. Gin me ., v~ . tlon will incre. ase.
C o. Na H2 P~ m in lhe ~~al tubules will increase
29. Which of the . arance w,1111'\Cfease.
A. Chron:~gwill excrete urine with increasect PH?
.

B. Hyperaldosteronism
G ~- ~ve": vomiting
30 D. Diabetic ketoacidosis
. LDV was rushed to the ER due to chronic diarr
A. Patient has metabolic alkalos' he .
B•pt~ma. IS.
a. Which of the fnUnu.:..ft is obsef"8'1?
Paco2 is increased. "'""" " ~
_9. Unne pH is decreased.
. . D. ~H4CI clearance is decreased.
31. An tnhibitOry-horrnone from n
A. Thyrotropm. 111e YPothalam.us regul
ates lhe _._ti f
""vii:> on o
B. Prolactin
C. Corticotropin
v D. Gonadotropins
32. Which of~ ~n g sta!e~ls about a partic
ular hormone (hormone X) is cORRfCT?
A. It IS a peptide and it IS transported in the blood
B. Its main site of inactivation is the target cell mostly bound to plasma proteilS
~- It is lipid soluble and has an intracellular recep
tor
__o D. It is synthesized from tyrosine and will alway
s bind with anuclear recep
tor
33. Which of the following statements concernin
g hormonal regulation is CORRECT?
-A. The substrate a hormone regulates ·does not effec
t that honnone's retease
B. Negative feedback regulation occurs only at the
level of the adenohypopl~
C. Exposing a target cell to a high concentration of
a hormone will ~ lhe number of
receptors fOt the ·same hormone
D. A high concentration of ahonnone can
A 34. The actions of which of the following honnonesaugment_lhe action of anotherlmoore
are mediated by the phosphdi!JR C-200 messenger syste
'A.Oxytocin m?
-8. Somatostatin
C. EP (r,- receptors)
v D. calcitonin
35 _Secretion of this honnone is under direct nervous control
A. Somatotropin
B. Insulin
C.ADH

v 0. OortisOI
36. Which change would b e ~
,..,....,..ed to occur with increased binding of allorm
A Decrease in half-life of the hormone
:w-eo~ .
PIO\eins?
8: Increase Ill plasma cl e~ of the honnone
c.Decrease in hormOfl8 actiVl~
D. Increase in deQ ~,of negalive fee d~exert of
ed by the hormone
recePIPf) is CORRECT?
Which of the 'following pamngs (hormone-toca
1> 37. A. Thyroxine - cytoplasm
B. GH - cell membrane
C. ,\ldostef'Ofl8- nucleus
D. EP - cytoplasm MORE QUESTIONS
 5
..D 38. Which set of findings is an inappropriate hypophysial honnone response to the hypothalamic honnone listed?
HYPOTHALAMIC HYPOPHYSIAL
HORMONE HORM~NE
A. TRH _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ t thyrotropin
8. Somatostatin - - - - - - .I. GH
C. G n R H - - - - - - - i LH .
D. Dopamin e------- i prolactin
39. cAMP mediates the actions of the following honnones, EXCEPT those of
A. PTH
B. ADH (V1 receptors)
-C. HCG
A D. Glucagon . .
40. Which of the following is an example of the short loop of the endocnne axis?
A. i GH -+ ( - ) GHRH
-8. t prolactin--. ( - ) LH
C. GHIH --. ( - ) GH
D. PIH--. (-) prolactin
41. Most of the chromophil cells in the anterior pituitary gland secrete
A. Thyrotropin
B. Somatotropin
-c. Cortitotropin
D. Gonadotropins
42. Which of the following set of effects is TRUE for growth honnone?
CHON SYNTHESIS LIPOGENESIS GLUCOSE UPTAKE BY THE CELLS
A. i i .I.
B. .I. i i
C. i .1. .I.
D. .I. .I. i
.D 43. Prolactin secretion is inhibited by
A. TRH
B. dopamine antagonists
C. i prolactine
D. somatostatin
A 44. Which set of changes 'M>uld be most likely to occur in a patient with acromegaly?
PLASMA ARTERIAL KIDNEY I
GLUCOSE BLOOD PRESSURE MASS ~
I
A. i i i
-B. i .I. J.
C. .I. t j
D. .I. .I.
45. ADH secretion Is inhibited by .I.
A. i plasma osmolality
B. hypertension
·t. angiotensin II
o. hypovolemia .
C 46. A 55 year old man has developed the SIADH due to carcinoma of the lung Which set f h
occur in the patient? . o c anges would
PLASMA URINE ADH SECRETION FROM THE
OSMO\.ALITY OSMOlAUTY POST. PITUITARY GLAND
A. i i i
B. i .l. i
c. .I. i .I.
o. .I. ! .I.

llf"IDC...OUCC.Tll"a.tc
 6
A 47. When ·growth hoonone 1s administered ·dilecily into the blood, 1he rate of endogenous growth hotmone
secretion
A. Dea-eases because of a negative-feedback_effect
B. Increases because of a posltive-feedback effect
c. Decreases because of down-regulation of GH receptors
D. Increases because of up-regulation of GH receptors
48. Which of the following is/are TRUE of Somatotropin?
A. It exerts much of its effects thru somatostatin
B. It exerts much of its effects thru Somatomedins
-C. Its secretion is inhibited by severe protein deficiency
D. Its secretion is stimulated by obesity
-49. What are the metabolic effects of GH secretion?
A. Decrease insulin resistance
B. Increase free fatty acid synthesis
g. Decrease eatabolism ·of protein
j) D. Increase glucose uptake
50. What is/are the clinical manifestation/s of a patient developing an acidophilic tumor?
A. Erectile dysfunction
B. Hyperglycemia
C. Galactorrhea
0. A\\ of these
D 51. Hyperprolactinemia will result to:
A. Anowlation
B. Galactorrhea
C. Impotence
D. All of these
]J 52. What will stimulate ADH secretion?
A. Overhydration
B.Dehydration
C. Hypervolemia
D. Hypertension

.......... .........,..
0
C 0
E

Pl.ASMA
TSH 0
LEVEL A (NORMAL)

0
B 0
D

PlASMA T4 LEVEL
>
53. Graves' Disease
54. Pituitary adenoma
55. Effect of increased intake of goitrogens
56. Hashimoto's Thyroiditis (early stage)
57. Effect of TRH administration to a patient with primary hypothyroidism
 7
A 58 Which among the following statements is TRI -
t- The large ratio (100:1) of iodide~t I ?
\ protects the individual from the e , ~ ~e form ~f hormone to the amount turned ov .
8. The small ratio (100:1) of iodide st o~ iodide deficiency for about 2 months. er daily
protects the individual from the efk> ;ts ; ~ : f~~ hormone to the amount turned over daily
C· The large ratio !1:100) of iodfde ., 0 . 1 8 e ncy for about 2 months.
*red '~
protects the individual from the ~e form of hormone to the amount turned over daily

59. .., sequence is correct regardi tht

:r~f ~;:~~ ~f
D. The small ratio (1:100) of iodid :cts of_ iodide deficiency for about 2 months.
protects the individual from the ~
1
hormone to the amount turned over daily
e c1ency for about 2 months.
A. Uptake of iodid · 1h ng . ~ ~ and release of fhyrold hormones?
D~ DI~;:
➔Coupling of ~~ ~~~ne ➔o~anification of thyroglobulin in the colloid
ndocytosis ~ ~ basal membrane
B. Uptake of iodide in the basal
- ➔Coupling of DIT to DIT in the colioit ~~ocytos ➔o~antifithca~ of thyroglobulin in the colloid
C. ·Iodide tra · 1 th _ 1s a e apical membrane
..
D lod"d . .
f
follicle➔Co~~:i~~ 0 DIT ~ g;~I : ~br~ne ~iodinafi?n of th~lobulin in the thyroid
. m e oolloid➔Endocytos1s at the apical membrane
·➔ .1 e ~ppmg in the apical mem1>.ane ➔ iodination of thyroglobulin in the thyroid follicle
u . . Coupling of DIT to DIT in the colloi<__ ➔Exocytosis at the apical membrane
60· This Is TRUE of Type 2 deiodinase:
A. It ~~werts T4 to ~3 in high blood flow 1reas such as liver and kidneys.
' B. I\ IS I ~ dun~~ hyperthyroidism 'Which helps blunt the ovetproduction of T4.
.. ~- _It med1~~ the ab1hty of circulating Tt to feed back on secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone
t m the pituitary gland.
" D. It is the one responsible for the produt. tion of inactive thyroid hormone.
61 . A ~5-year~ld ~ousewife complains of progn. ssive weight gain of 10 kg in 1 year, easy fatigability, dry
skin, constipation and memory loss. Whicl of the following lab findings will help you diagnose the
"'resence of hypothalamic hypothyroidism?
A. Decreased FT4, decreased TSH, TR~ test no effect on TSH
B. Decreased FT4, increased TSH, TRH :est no effect on TSH
C. Decreased FT4, decreased TSH, TR~ test increases TSH
D. Decreased FT4, increased TSH, TRHlest increases TSH further
132 A 25-year-olcJ ·nurse complained of weakneS! palpitations, and nervousness for the past 6 months ·and
you diagnosed her with hyperthyroidism. V hich among the following physiological effects of thyroid
hormones could explain these symptoms?
A. ·increase in the beta-adrenergic recep ors in the heart muscle and protein catabolism
-a. Stimulation of the SA node and protel anabolism
c. Synergistic effect to the sympathetic r 3rvous system by decreasing cAMP and protein catabolism
o. Synergism with catecholamines incre sing heart rate and excitation of CNS and protein anabolism
63 Choose the CORRECT hormone-receptor pt r:
• A. TSH-cell membrane receptor: T4-cell nembrane receptor
t B. TSH- cell membrane receptor. T4-nuc ear receptor
l c. TSH-nuclear receptor. T4-nuclear reoiptor
t o TSH-nuclear receptor: T-4-cell membr ine receptor .. .
A- 64~In h~thyroidism, daily dose of T4 and not l 3is given as ":placement therapy because adm1mstrati0n of
; A. T3 is complicated by its high potency md short half-~1fe.
f B. T3 is complicated by its high potency md long half-I~.
t c. T4 ls complicated by its high potency md long half-l~e.
> D. T4 is complicated by its high potency md ~ng half-life.
E> 65 NIS which transports iodide into the thyroid gand IS an example of:
J

~
A. primary active transport
~- secondary active transport
c. vesicular transport
r .

D. passive transport

:QUESTIONS
 8
A 66. Wotff-Chaikoff effect explains that thyroid hormone synthesis is:
A. Inhibited when iodide intake exceeds 2mg/day, which suppresses NIS TPO activity.
-a. inhibited when iodide intake exceeds 2g/day, which suppresses NIS andandTPO activity.
C. increased when iodide Intake exceeds 2mg/day, which stimulates NIS and TPO activity. ~
D. increased when iodide intake exceeds 2g/day, which stimulates NI$ and TPO activity.
67. Myxedema, which is a result of mucopotyssacharide accumulation resulting to fluid retention, may present as:
A. macroglossia
8. jointstiffness
C. pericardia! effusion
D. All of the above
A 68. lactation may lead to
~. Secondaryhyperparathyroidism
B. Primary hyperparathyroidism
C. True hypoparathyroidism
D. Psetldohypoparathyroidism
69. The following sign/s may occur in a patient with hypercalcemia
A. seizure
B. tetany
C. bleeding
D. Constipation
70.ihis-is iRUE of calcium metabolism
A. lnaease plasma calcium will increase vitamin D activation.
B. Decrease plasma calcium will decrease PTH secretion
C. Decrease plasma calcium will promote lysis of bone.
6. Increase plasma calcium will promote "osteocytic osteolysis" activity.
D 71 . This/these is/are TRUE of the deposition and absorption of bones
A. It is always in equillbrium
B. It is enhanced by stress
C. It is for the renewal of old bone matrix
D. all of the above
A 72. These bone ~Is are used in rapid mobilization of calcium
A.osteocytes
s. osteoclasts
C. osteoid
0.osteoblasts
73. Which of the following is TRUE of pseudo-pseudohypothyroidism.
A. PTH is inactive.
B. There aJe circulating antibodies against PTH receptor
C. PTH is normal
0. Recepm are resistant to PTH.
74. A decreaSe in plasma calcium will result to
A. parathyroid hormone release
B. hyperexcitable nerves
c. Osteolysis
D. All of the above
__B 75. This is a test for decrease calcium levels utilizing the faci·aI nerve
A. Trousseau's sign
B. Chvostek's sign
C. Chadwick's sign
D. none d the above
A 76. Thislthese is/are form/s of vitamin D found in the skin
A. cholecalciferol
13. calcidiol
C. calcitriol
0. all of the above

MORE QUESTIONS
 -- 0 n.Thislthese
A. ~sfirn,,1..._ ,
RANKL
B. Vitamin O
C. PTH
-- ·~fnMi......,_
9
--...,alllKlof~

-
_j)
78 Wh, Q: AD of lhe above
. ichoflhe~- .
A. ~ ~
B. Hepatic "-- .
lrlCrnased by an elevated PTH e,oocentrat()ll?
C. Bone ."-"'"~ of calcidiol
D mineralization
A 79. F ~ ~ ~ o f phosphate
~- occurs in the kidne
B. ~ ~timulated by h~ 1cem-
C. IS mhibited b ia
D. All of th Yhypophosphatemia
80H · ese
· ormona1 pieture of True Hypoparalhyroidism
PTH SECRETION PLASMA CALCIUM PLASMA PHOSPHATE
~ ! 1 1
J3. 1 1 i
C. 1 i 1
0. 1 i i ·
.D 81. What will be the honnonal picture of a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism whose plasma calcium
level > 12 mgs/cl?
PTH RENALCLEARANCE RENALCLEARANCE
SECRETION OF CALCIUM OF PHOSPHATE
A t 1 1
B. i i i
c. i 1 t
o. i t t
82. PTH and Vrt. D have atmost the same effects, EXCEPT that the latter increases
A p1a5ma calciUm ~vel .
B. iflteStinal absOfPtiOO of calaum
C. p1asma phoSPhate level .
15.
renal real)SOrPtion of calcium

URINALYSIS specimen fol' examlnation . .Ill unn

. alysis.is
beS=
I AD•
LJ"W• .

-- J3 83. The voided urine (initial stream catch)

A. freShly voided urine (mid-stream catch)
~- . pie stored fol' one hour or more
~- a u~ne sam diluted with saline
D. a un~~lovr.pleng is NOT used for detennination of urine 8Pecific .
Whieh of the 1Ut · gravity?
84 · A. retractometer
0. hyd~ter
c. p1ain cylinder
D. centrifu9eed. t's solution is normally colored
.:;.~in sen ic
85, n,e ~ricJc red
A-
B. ye11ow
C.blue
6. green tie acid teSt, a positive results lead tc cha,ge in

---
I Heat and Ar,e · specimen
Cl 86- n A. co10r_ of: u;~e urine, from liquid to solid sample
B. cons1ste Y f the urine
C transparency o
o:
pH of the unne MORE QUESTIONS

1
 10
D 87. In lhe physical evaluation of urine, _,ch imrne1er is NOT included?
A. Odor
B. Transparency
C. Specific gravity
O. pH
88. In the laboratory, utilizing the reagent strips provided by lhe department. Which parameters were
immediately determined?
f. pH, specific gravity, sug,w and protufOS
B. pH, ketones, sugar and proteins
C. speciflc gravity, ketones, sugar and proteins
D. pH, specific gravity, sugar and ketones
L 89. In the microscopic examination of lhe urine sample, when examining the cells present in the sample,
these parameters are determined
A. number of cells / hpf
8. formation of casts
C. change in cellular configuration/shape
D. all of these
(/ 90. Presence of glucose in the urine indicates
A. there are no glucose reabsorption happening in the PCT
B. glucose reabsorption occurs in the OCT and collecting ducts
g. the plasma glucose level is greater than the renal threshold
D.ADH is not secreted by the hypothalamus
._...,~GD: RENAL
" " ' q1. Where in the nephron is the macula densa located?
._ f. at the end of the thick ascending loop of Henle
B. at the beginning of the distal convoluted tubube
C. at the collecting duct on the level of the arterioles
D. at the point where the thin loop abuts the glomerulus
_D 92. A man who suffered a massive heart attack had a recent 20 Echo which revealed an EF of only 30%.
Although he easily gets tired, his vital signs are normal and his urine output remains adequate. Wha
cells are stimulated in this case?
A. JG cells
B. principal cells
C. intercalated cells
D. all of the above
-E. Band Conly lomerul nd render som
v 93. Which of the following structures provide structural support lo the g us a --·· 7
phagocytic activity?
A. capillary endothelium
B. basement membrane
_s;. mesangial cells
D. foot process of the podocytes
94. Which is NOT correct in the renal innervation of the kidneys
A. renal nerves regulate filtration and salt re-absorption
§. parasympathetic stimulation increases renal blood flow
C. increased sympathetic activity activates RAAS
D. adrenergic stimulation of the PCT increases Na• re-absorption
A 95. Which is NOT a part of the resistance vessels of the kidney?
f . arcuate artery
B. interlobular artery
C. afferent arteriole
D. efferent arteriole
C 96. TRUE of renal auloregulation EXCEPT
A. absent when arterial pressure is less lhan ~Hg
8. relies on the intrinsic property of smoolh muscles to contract vmen stretched
~- macula densa responds onfy to low NA• delivery
D. NO attenuates the tubuloglomerular feedback
MORE QUESTIONS
 11
J)
'W. The following facto,s wl t'8dta R8F and GFR EXCEPT
A. sympathetic stimulation
8. anglotensin II
C. endothelins
-
D. PGE1
98. This portion of the nephron is considered the dilutilg segment
of the kJdney?
A. PCT
~. Thick ascending loop
C.DCT
0. Collecting duct
99. In the case of Rhabdomyolysis, what is/are the mechani
smls involved in renal toxicity?
A. renal vasoconstriction
B. formation of intratubular casts
C. direct toxicity of myoglobin to the tubules
D. all 'of the above
E. B and C only
P) 100. In the case of Rhabdomyolysis, what is the most prob
able cause of edema?
A. tn·creased capmary hydmstatic·pressum
B. decreased capillary oncotic pressure
C. increased interstitial hydrostatic pressure
O. decreased interstitial onootic pressure

END OF EXAM