Test Bank For Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology 5th Edition by Eisenberg Test Bank

Test Bank For Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology 5th Edition by Eisenberg Test bank
Test Bank For Comprehensive Radiographic

Pathology 5th Edition by Eisenberg Test bank
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Eisenberg: Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology, 5th Edition
Chapter 6: Urinary System
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What is the functional unit of the kidney?

a. Lobule
b. Nephron
c. Glomerulus
d. Ureterocele
ANS: B
The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron.
REF: p. 217
2. In an average person, the nephrons filter about _____ L of water out of glomerular blood
each day.
a. 2
b. 10
c. 80
d. 190
ANS: D
The nephrons filter about 190 L of water out of the glomerular blood each day. Only
about 1 to 2 L of water is excreted in urine, so about 99% of the filtered water is
reabsorbed into the tubular blood.
REF: p. 217
3. Where does the formation of urine begin?

a. Nephrons
b. Bowman’s capsule
c. Glomerulus
d. Distal convoluted tubule
ANS: C
The formation begins in the glomerulus, which is a tuft of capillaries surrounded by the
Bowman’s capsule. Nephrons are the basic, functional unit of the kidneys. The distal
convoluted tubule is where the electrolyte and acid-base balance of the blood occurs.
REF: p. 217
4. Which of the following stimulates the rate of red blood cell production?
Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Test Bank 6-2
a. Erythropoietin
b. Angiotensin
c. Renin
d. Aldosterone
ANS: A
Erythropoietin is produced by the kidneys and stimulates red blood cell production.
Angiotensin secretion is controlled by renin and affects blood pressure. Aldosterone is
secreted by the adrenals and affects the reabsorption of sodium and chloride during urine
formation.
REF: p. 219
5. A miniature replica of a kidney is termed:

a. Ectopic kidney
b. Hypoplastic kidney
c. Compensatory hypertrophy
d. Supernumerary kidney
ANS: B
A hypoplastic kidney is a miniature replica of a kidney with normal function. It must be
differentiated from acquired atrophic kidney, which is smaller in size as a result of
vascular or inflammatory disease.
REF: p. 220
6. A rare anomaly in which a kidney fails to develop is called:

a. Unilateral renal agenesis
b. Hypoplastic kidney
ANS: A
Unilateral renal agenesis is a rare anomaly in which one kidney fails to develop and is
associated with various other developmental anomalies. Complete renal agenesis is not
compatible with life.
REF: p. 220
7. What term is applied to an acquired condition that occurs when one kidney is required to
do the job of two?
a. Supernumerary kidney
b. Crossed ectopia
d. Hypoplastic kidney
ANS: C

Test Bank 6-3
Compensatory hypertrophy is an acquired condition that occurs when one kidney is

required to do the job of two.
REF: p. 220
8. A rare anomaly in which there is a third, rudimentary kidney is termed:

a. An ectopic kidney
b. Compensatory hypertrophy
c. Hypoplastic kidney
ANS: D
Supernumerary kidney is a rare anomaly in which there is a third, rudimentary kidney.
These usually function normally, but acquire secondary infections, which require their
eventual removal.
REF: p. 220
9. What is an ectopic kidney?

a. A third rudimentary kidney
b. A kidney that is not located in the normal location
c. A kidney that is enlarged because it has to do the job of both kidneys
d. The most common type of fusion anomaly
ANS: B
An ectopic kidney is a kidney that is not located in the normal location. It may be found
in the pelvis or the thorax.
REF: p. 220
10. What is the most common type of fusion anomaly?

a. Horseshoe kidney
b. Crossed ectopia
c. Doughnut kidney
d. Unilateral renal agenesis
ANS: A
Horseshoe kidney is the most common type of fusion anomaly in which the kidneys are
joined at their lower poles.
REF: p. 221
11. When the kidneys are fused at their lower poles, they are termed a(an):
a. Doughnut kidney
b. Lump kidney
c. Horseshoe kidney
d. Ectopic kidney

Test Bank 6-4
ANS: C
Horseshoe kidney is the term applied to the most common fusion anomaly, in which the
kidneys are fused at their lower poles.
REF: p. 221
12. Refer to the image below. What developmental anomaly is demonstrated?
a. Crossed ectopia
b. Horseshoe kidney
c. Unilateral renal agenesis
ANS: B
The arrows point to the outline of the fused, horseshoe kidneys.
REF: p. 222
13. Cystic dilatation of the distal ureter near its insertion into the urinary bladder is called a:
a. Ureterocele
b. Pyelonephritis
c. Ureteral aneurysm
d. Renal cyst
ANS: A
A ureterocele is a cystic dilatation of the distal ureter near its insertion into the urinary
bladder. Most occur in children with ureteral duplication.
REF: p. 223
14. What is a ureterocele?

a. A nonsuppurative inflammatory process involving the tufts of the capillaries
within the Bowman’s capsule
b. A smaller than normal amount of urine
c. A fusion anomaly in which the ureter is directly connected to the kidney
d. A cystic dilatation of the distal ureter near its insertion into the urinary bladder
ANS: D

Test Bank 6-5
REF: p. 223
15. Which condition is most commonly found in children with ureteral duplication?
a. Renal cyst
b. Ureterocele
c. Papillary necrosis
d. Staghorn calculus
ANS: B
REF: p. 223
16. A nonsuppurative inflammatory process involving the tufts of the capillaries within the
Bowman’s capsule is called:
a. Ureterocele
b. Pyelonephritis
c. Glomerulonephritis
d. Papillary necrosis
ANS: C
Glomerulonephritis is a nonsuppurative inflammatory process involving the glomerulus,
which is the tufts of the capillaries within the Bowman’s capsule.
REF: p. 223
17. A smaller than normal amount of urine is termed:

a. Polyuria
b. Oliguria
c. Hematuria
d. Dysuria
ANS: B
Oliguria is a smaller than normal amount of urine, which is symptomatic of some urinary
abnormalities.
REF: p. 225
18. What is oliguria?

a. A smaller than normal amount of urine
b. A larger than normal amount of urine
c. The presence of protein molecules in the urine
d. The presence of fat molecules in the urine

Test Bank 6-6
ANS: A
Oliguria is a smaller than normal amount of urine and is symptomatic of certain urinary
conditions.
REF: p. 225
19. A suppurative inflammatory process of the kidney and renal pelvis is termed:
a. Glomerulonephritis
b. Papillary necrosis
c. Cystitis
d. Pyelonephritis
ANS: D
Pyelonephritis is a suppurative inflammatory process of the kidney and renal pelvis.
REF: p. 225
20. Which type of severe infection occurs almost exclusively in diabetic patients and causes
acute necrosis of the entire kidney?
a. Cystitis
b. Papillary necrosis
c. Glomerulonephritis
d. Emphysematous pyelonephritis
ANS: D
Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a severe form of acute parenchymal and perirenal
infection that occurs almost exclusively in patients with diabetes.
REF: p. 227
21. What is the most common hospital-acquired infection?

a. Cystitis
b. Pyelonephritis
c. Vasculitis
d. Tuberculosis
ANS: A
The most common hospital-acquired infection is cystitis, an infection of the urinary
bladder.
REF: p. 228
22. Which imaging modality is the safest and most accurate in detecting renal calculi?
a. Ultrasound
b. Excretory urography
c. Noncontrast helical CT
d. MRI

Test Bank 6-7
ANS: C
Noncontrast helical CT is the safest, easiest, and most accurate modality for the diagnosis
of kidney stones. Excretory urography can detect stones, but it is not as accurate as
helical CT.
REF: p. 230
23. What term is applied to a renal calculus that completely fills the renal pelvis?
a. Pelvolithiasis
b. Staghorn calculus
c. Pelvocalcinosis
d. Nephrocalcinosis
ANS: B
A staghorn calculus is the term given to a stone that completely fills the renal pelvis.
REF: p. 232
24. What is nephrocalcinosis?

a. A condition of calcium deposits within the renal parenchyma
b. A renal calculus that fills the entire renal pelvis
c. Excretion of calcium ions in the urine
d. A severe infection of the renal parenchyma
ANS: A
Nephrocalcinosis is a condition of calcium deposits within the renal parenchyma. The
pattern can vary from small, punctate densities to extensive, dense calcifications in the
kidneys.
REF: p. 232
25. Calcium deposits within the renal parenchyma are termed:

a. Staghorn calculus
b. Nephrolithiasis
c. Nephrocalcinosis
d. Glomerulonephritis
ANS: C
Nephrocalcinosis is the condition of calcium deposits within the renal parenchyma.
Nephrolithiasis is the medical term for kidney stones, and a staghorn calculus is a type of
kidney stone that fills the renal pelvis and calyces. Glomerulonephritis is an infection.
REF: p. 232
26. What is the cause of hydronephrosis?

a. Chronic glomerulonephritis
b. Blockage above the level of the bladder
c. Staghorn calculus

Test Bank 6-8
d. Aldosterone deficiency
ANS: B
Blockage of urine passage into the urinary bladder causes the ureter and renal collecting
system to dilate. Dilatation of the pelvis and calyces is called hydronephrosis.
REF: p. 234
27. Blockage above the level of the bladder causes dilatation of the renal pelvicalyceal
system, which is called:
a. Glomerulonephritis
b. Cystitis
c. Hypernephroma
d. Hydronephrosis
ANS: D
Blockage of urine passage into the urinary bladder causes the ureter and renal collecting
system to dilate. Dilatation of the pelvis and calyces is called hydronephrosis.
REF: p. 234
28. Stone formation in the bladder occurs primarily in _____ with obstruction or infection of
the lower urinary tract.
a. Children
b. Young adults
c. Elderly males
d. Diabetic persons
ANS: C
Stone formation in the bladder occurs primarily in elderly males with obstruction or
infection of the lower urinary tract.
REF: p. 232
29. What is the most common unifocal mass of the kidney?

a. Staghorn calculus
b. Hypernephroma
c. Nephrocalcinosis
d. Renal cyst
ANS: D
Simple renal cysts are the most common unifocal masses of the kidney. They are
fluid-filled sacs that vary in size.
REF: p. 236
30. The most common renal neoplasm is a:

a. Hypernephroma

Test Bank 6-9
b. Nephroblastoma
c. Pyelocarcinoma
d. Renal cell sarcoma
ANS: A
The most common renal neoplasm is a hypernephroma, also called renal cell carcinoma.
A nephroblastoma is the most common abdominal neoplasm in infants and children.
REF: p. 239
31. Which of these is a common symptom of a renal neoplasm?

a. Hydronephrosis
b. Painless hematuria
c. Proteinuria
d. Renal neoplasms are asymptomatic.
ANS: B
The most common symptom of renal neoplasm in persons over age 40 is painless
hematuria.
REF: p. 239
32. What is the most common abdominal neoplasm of infancy and childhood?
a. Hypernephroma
b. Wilms’ tumor
c. Polycystic kidneys
d. Renal cell carcinoma
ANS: B
A Wilms’ tumor or nephroblastoma is the most common abdominal neoplasm in infancy
and childhood.
REF: p. 242
33. What condition most commonly occurs in children who are severely dehydrated?
a. Nephrolithiasis
b. Glomerulonephritis
c. Pyelonephritis
d. Renal vein thrombosis
ANS: D
Renal vein thrombosis occurs most frequently in children who are severely dehydrated.
REF: p. 244
34. What is the imaging modality of choice to diagnose renal vein thrombosis?
a. CT
b. MRI

Test Bank 6-10
c. US
d. Excretory urography
ANS: C
Ultrasound (US) is the imaging modality of choice for imaging of renal vein thrombosis
and can show the clot with Doppler.
REF: p. 245
35. Which of the following are causes of enlarged kidneys?

(1) Polycystic renal disease
(2) Renal vein thrombosis
(3) Nephrosclerosis
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: A
Enlarged kidneys are indicative of polycystic renal disease, renal vein thrombosis,
obstruction, and infiltrative processes, such as myeloma and lymphoma.
REF: p. 237 | p. 245
36. Which of the following are causes of small kidneys with smooth contours?
(1) Renal vein thrombosis
(2) Nephrosclerosis
(3) Chronic glomerulonephritis
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: C
Small kidneys with smooth contours are indicative of chronic glomerulonephritis and
nephrosclerosis. Renal vein thrombosis causes enlarged kidneys.
REF: p. 247
37. The medical term that means to void or empty the bladder of urine is:
a. incontenience
b. continate
c. micturate
d. uremia
ANS: C
Micturate is the medical term for voiding or emptying the bladder of urine.

Test Bank 6-11
REF: p. 217
38. What term is used to describe abnormally positioned kidneys?

a. Kidney agenesis
b. Ectopic kidney
c. Kidney aplasia
d. Hypertrophic kidney
ANS: B
Ectopic kidney describes a kidney that is abnormally placed.
REF: p. 217
39. Refer to the image. Note the arrows. What condition is indicated by the arrows in this
image of an intravenous urogram?
a. Ureterocele
b. Kidney agenesis
c. Ectopic kidney
d. Hypertrophic kidney
ANS: C

Test Bank 6-12
A kidney that is misplaced from its normal position is termed an ectopic kidney. In this
image, the kidney is located in the pelvis and may be more accurately described as a
pelvic kidney.
REF: p. 220
40. Which urinary disease occurs almost exclusively in males and is defined as a thin
transverse membrane that causes bladder outlet obstruction and may lead to severe
hydronephrosis, hydroureter, and renal damage?
a. Ureterocele
b. Posterior urethral valves
c. Benign prostatic hyperplasia
d. Polycystic kidney disease
ANS: B
Posterior urethral valves are thin transverse membranes, found almost exclusively in
males, which cause bladder outlet obstruction and may lead to severe hydronephrosis,
hydroureter, and renal damage.
REF: p. 221
TRUE/FALSE
1. The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron.

a. True
b. False
ANS: T
The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney.
REF: p. 220
2. Urine formation begins in the glomerulus.

a. True
b. False
ANS: T
Urine formation begins in the glomerulus of the kidney.
REF: p. 223
3. A hypoplastic kidney is a small, third kidney and a rare developmental anomaly.

a. True
b. False
ANS: F

Test Bank 6-13
Supernumerary kidney is the term applied to a small, third kidney.
REF: pp. 228-229
4. Horseshoe kidney is the most common fusion anomaly of the urinary system.
a. True
b. False
ANS: T
Horseshoe kidney is fusion of the kidneys at the lower poles and is the most common
fusion anomaly of the urinary system.
REF: p. 223
5. Ectopic kidney describes when a kidney fails to develop.

a. True
b. False
ANS: F
Ectopic kidney describes when a kidney is in an abnormal location.
REF: p. 230
6. Ureteroceles are commonly associated with duplicated ureters.

a. True
b. False
ANS: T
Ureteroceles are seen almost exclusively in children with duplication anomalies of the
ureters.
REF: p. 239
7. Chronic cystitis is evidenced radiographically by a decrease in bladder size and wall

irregularity.
a. True
b. False
ANS: T
Radiographic evidence of chronic cystitis is a decrease in bladder size and irregularity of
the bladder wall.
REF: p. 219
8. Glomerulonephritis is the most common nosocomial infection.

a. True

Test Bank 6-14
b. False
ANS: F
Cystitis is the most common hospital-acquired or nosocomial infection.
REF: p. 220
9. Urinary calculi are asymptomatic while they are in the kidney.

a. True
b. False
ANS: T
Urinary calculi are asymptomatic while they are in the kidney. They become painful
when they lodge in the ureter.
REF: p. 221
10. Painless hematuria is a common presentation of a hypernephroma.

a. True
b. False
ANS: T
A common symptom of a hypernephroma is painless hematuria.
REF: p. 223
MATCHING
Match the disease to its definition.

a. Nonsuppurative inflammation of the tuft of the capillaries in the Bowman’s
capsule
b. Suppurative infection of kidney and renal pelvis
c. Inflammation of the urinary bladder
d. A destructive condition involving the terminal portion of the renal pyramids
1. Cystitis
2. Glomerulonephritis
3. Pyelonephritis
4. Papillary necrosis
1. ANS: C REF: p. 228

NOT: Rationale: Cystitis is inflammation of the urinary bladder caused by bacteria
traveling up the urethra to cause an infection in the bladder. Glomerulonephritis is a
bacterial infection of the glomerulus. Pyelonephritis is an infection of the kidneys and
renal pelves caused by a pyogenic bacterium. Papillary necrosis is destruction of the
papillae of the medulla and the terminal portion of the renal pyramids.

Test Bank 6-15
2. ANS: A REF: p. 223

3. ANS: B REF: p. 225
4. ANS: D REF: p. 228
Match the disease to the imaging modality that is most commonly used to diagnose it.
a. Contrast-enhanced CT
b. Ultrasound
c. Noncontrast helical CT
d. MRI
5. Glomerulonephritis
6. Pyelonephritis
7. Acute renal failure
8. Kidney stones
5. ANS: B REF: p. 225

NOT: Rationale: Ultrasound is the imaging modality of choice for many urinary
diseases because it is not dependent upon renal function and does not further damage
renal tissue with the administration of contrast media. Ultrasound is particularly useful in
acute and chronic renal failure and glomerulonephritis. Pyelonephritis is demonstrated
well by contrast-enhanced CT, which demonstrates cortical changes and abscesses.
Kidney stones are best demonstrated by noncontrast helical CT.
6. ANS: A REF: p. 226
7. ANS: B REF: p. 246

Test Bank For Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology 5th Edition by Eisenberg Test bank
Test Bank 6-16
8. ANS: C REF: p. 230
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Test Bank For Comprehensive Radiographic

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Chapter 6: Urinary System

1. What is the functional unit of the kidney?

3. Where does the formation of urine begin?

Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

5. A miniature replica of a kidney is termed:

6. A rare anomaly in which a kidney fails to develop is called:

Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Compensatory hypertrophy is an acquired condition that occurs when one kidney is

8. A rare anomaly in which there is a third, rudimentary kidney is termed:

9. What is an ectopic kidney?

10. What is the most common type of fusion anomaly?

Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

12. Refer to the image below. What developmental anomaly is demonstrated?

14. What is a ureterocele?

Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

17. A smaller than normal amount of urine is termed:

18. What is oliguria?

Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

21. What is the most common hospital-acquired infection?

Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

24. What is nephrocalcinosis?

25. Calcium deposits within the renal parenchyma are termed:

26. What is the cause of hydronephrosis?

Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

29. What is the most common unifocal mass of the kidney?

30. The most common renal neoplasm is a:

Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

31. Which of these is a common symptom of a renal neoplasm?

Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

35. Which of the following are causes of enlarged kidneys?

REF: p. 237 | p. 245

Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

38. What term is used to describe abnormally positioned kidneys?

Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

1. The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron.

2. Urine formation begins in the glomerulus.

3. A hypoplastic kidney is a small, third kidney and a rare developmental anomaly.

Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Supernumerary kidney is the term applied to a small, third kidney.

REF: pp. 228-229

5. Ectopic kidney describes when a kidney fails to develop.

6. Ureteroceles are commonly associated with duplicated ureters.

7. Chronic cystitis is evidenced radiographically by a decrease in bladder size and wall

8. Glomerulonephritis is the most common nosocomial infection.

Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

9. Urinary calculi are asymptomatic while they are in the kidney.

10. Painless hematuria is a common presentation of a hypernephroma.

Match the disease to its definition.

1. ANS: C REF: p. 228

Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

2. ANS: A REF: p. 223

5. ANS: B REF: p. 225

Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Test Bank 6-16

Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

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