3.

0 DESIGN SPECIFICATION

The objective was to build a new pump with a 15-meter difference in water level between the
river and the tank, a pipe diameter and length of 25cm and 30cm, respectively, and a volume of
flowrate of 0.573 m3/s. For starters, galvanised iron was chosen as the pipe material for the
pipeline from the river to the water tank because of its zinc coating and anti-corrosion
capabilities. It is taken into account that the corresponding roughness of galvanised iron pipe, ε is
0.15mm.

The pipeline system consists of one centrifugal pump and five 90° threaded elbows that are
used to shift the direction of the water flows in order to reach the desired place with the least
amount of space. Water is pumped from one of the rivers into an empty tank using a centrifugal
pump. Five common 90° smooth flanged elbows would be included in the design for a specific
pipe position, which would be utilised to link the pipe to build a piping system and allow the
water pump from the river to enter the tank. Two fully open globe valves are also used in the
system design to stop, start, and adjust water flow. Before the pump machine, a filter is used to
filter out large particles and undesired material, ensuring that the water is pure and the pump
machine lasts longer.

The loss coefficient of the five 90° threaded elbows, a filter, and two globe valves must all be
considered when calculating total minor loss. Table 3.1 shows the value of the loss coefficient:

Pipe components Coefficient of friction, 𝑲𝑳 Quantity

Regular 90° smooth, threaded 0.3 5
Globe valve, fully open 10 2
Filter, Foot valve with strainer poppet disc 5.9 1

Table 3.1: The loss coefficient, 𝐾𝐿 and quantity of pipeline components

 Furthermore, the type of pipe utilised in this system is governed by the coefficient of friction,
which has an impact on the required flowrate. Table 3.2 lists the coefficients of friction for each
component.

Parameter Minimum Maximum Selected values

Inlet Blade Angle, 𝛽1(°) 17 55 50
Outlet Blade Angle, 𝛽2(°) 15 70 60
Inlet Blade Width, 𝑏1(𝑚𝑚) 9 54 54
Outlet Blade Width, 𝑏2(𝑚𝑚) 9 50 40
Inlet Blade Radius, 𝑟1 (𝑚𝑚) 24 100 80
Outlet Blade Radius, 𝑟1 (𝑚𝑚) 80 250 200
Impeller Speed, 𝑁 (𝑟𝑝𝑚) 1500 3000 2500

Table 3.2: Limitation for impeller pump and selected values for each parameter.

3.1 SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE 𝒉𝒑 (SYSTEM)

The ℎ𝑝 (system) is calculated based on the parameter presented in Table 3.3 and the water
pump system design.

Parameter Value
Height difference, 𝑍2 − 𝑍2 15m
Pipe length, 𝐿𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒 30m
Pipe diameter, 𝐷𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒 0.25m
Volume flowrate of the system, 𝑄 0.573 𝑚3/s
Temperature, 𝑇 Min: 23 °C
Max: 32 °C
Density of water, 𝜌𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 Min: 997.62 kg/m3
Max: 995.09 kg/m3
 Dynamic viscosity, 𝜇𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 Min: 9.321𝑥 10−4𝑘𝑔/𝑚𝑠
Max: 7.644 𝑥 10−4𝑘𝑔/𝑚𝑠
Equivalent roughness, ε 0.15 𝑥 10−3𝑚

Table 3.3: Parameter used in calculating ℎ𝑝 (system)

3.2 SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE 𝒉𝒑 (PUMP)

In order to meet the criterion, it is necessary to discover the value of ℎ𝑝 (pump) using the range of
parameters provided after computing ℎ𝑝 (system). To activate the pump system, the value of ℎ𝑝 (pump)
must be 25% higher than the value of ℎ𝑝 (system). Appendix A lists the number of trials and parameters
required to determine the ℎ𝑝 (pump).

3.3 PROJECT DESIGN

Figure 3.1 depicts the basic structure of tank and pipeline system designed by the group
members used for this project.

Figure 3.1: Basic Structure of Tank and Water Pump System