Usool al-Tafseer

 ‫أصول التفسير‬

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Usool al-Tafseer
 al-Wahy (Revelation)
 ‫الوحي‬

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 al-Wahy (Revelation)
 Definition and usages of the term wahy and its related verb forms in the
Qur’an
:‫ التعريف اللغوي‬

.‫ هو اإلعالم السريع الخفي‬: ‫الوحي في اللغة‬

Signal and gestures to communicate, swift and secretive transfer of information 

‫ وكل ما ألقيته على غيرك حتى علمه فهو وحي‬. ‫ واإللهام‬، ‫ والرسالة‬، ‫ والكتابة‬، ‫ اإلشارة‬: ‫ويطلق الوحي على‬
.‫كيف كان وهو ال يختص باألنبياء وال بكونه من عند هللا تعالى‬
 Wahee can mean: gesture, writing, letter, inspiration.

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" ‫هو " إعالم هللا أنبياءه بما يريد أن يبلغه إليهم من شرع أو كتاب بواسطة أو غير واسطة‬: ‫ التعريف الشرعي‬
.
 It means inspiration from Allah to His Prophets PBUT with whatever He wants to
inspire to them regarding sharia, or any book with intermediary or without
intermediary
 Wahee can be classified according to its procedure to have happened in two ways
 1: without intermediary
 2: with intermediary

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 1. The Qur’aan sometimes uses wahy to mean instinctual animal habits
 2. Wahy is also used in the Qur’aan to mean natural human instincts that
Allaah has placed in humans
 3. Allaah’s inspiration to humans to do actions which are not instinctive
 4. One must be careful, to distinguish between the sources of various inner
voices, however, because devils also have the ability to inspire suggestions in
human hearts. Occasionally, the Qur’aan refers to the whispering and
prodding of the devils as wahy
 5. Sometimes wahy is used to mean communication by rapid, subtle gestures
 6. Allaah uses the term wahy to refer to the process by which He gives
commands to his angels

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 7.The process of revelation of Allaah’s commands to His Prophet (ρ), as well
as the revelation itself, is also referred to in the Qur’aan as wahy

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 The Ways in which wahy occurs
 Without an intermediary
 Dreams
 Direct speech
 With an intermediary
 Revelation to the angels
 Revelation of the Qur’aan by Jibreel to the Prophet

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 Ways that wahy occurs
 Without an intermediary
 1- Dreams
 2- Direct speech
 How did the direct revelation take place?
 Direct Revelations: A portion of Allaah’s revelation was communicated
directly to the prophets without any intermediary. This form of revelation
came either as visions during a prophet’s sleep, or in the form of words
spoken by Allaah from behind a veil of light

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 Did any part of Qur’aan got revealed directly?
 Some say that Surat Al Kawthar got revealed as such due to the hadith in
saheeh Mulsim :
 The sahaabee Anas ibn Maalik said, “Once while Allaah’s Messenger (ρ) was
among us in the masjid, he dozed off, then raised his head, smiling. I asked
him, ‘What has amused you, O Messenger of Allaah ( ρ )?’ He replied, ‘A
soorah has just been revealed to me.’ Then he recited, ‘In the name of
Allaah, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful
 He recited ‫سورة الكوثر‬
 Sahih Muslim, vol. 1, p. 220, no. 790

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‫روى مسلم عن أنس قال بينما رسول هللا صلى هللا عليه وسلم بين أظهرنا إذ أغفى إغفاءة‬ 
‫ أنزل علي آنفا سورة فقرأ بسم‬:‫ ما أضحكك يا سول هللا؟ فقال‬:‫ثم رفع رأسه متبسما فقلنا‬
.}3-1 :‫اْلَ ْب َت ُر {الكوثر‬
ْ ‫ه َو‬ َّ ‫ح ْر * إ‬ ْ َ ‫ إنَّا أَ ْعطَ ْينَا‬:‫هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬
ُ ‫ك‬
َ ‫شانِ َئ‬
َ ‫ن‬ ِ َ ‫ك وَا ْن‬ ِ ‫ك ال َك ْوثَ َر * َفص‬
َ ِ‫َل لِ َرب‬ ِ
 Scholars have differed in this issue.
 1- some say this Surat was revealed to Him while he was sleeping
 2- others say that the entire Qur’aan has been revealed on Him while He was
awake.
 The 2nd opinion looks to be more accurate
 The above hadith has also been narrated with the word ‫أغمي عليه‬
 Which indicates to the status in which sometimes He would be while the Qur’aan
was revealed to Him and to a bystander it may look like that The Prophet is
sleeping

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 The second method of direct communication by Allaah with His prophets took
the form of direct speech, in which the actual words of Allaah were spoken to
the prophets.

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‫‪‬‬ ‫?‪How many Prophets did Allah speak to‬‬
‫أول ا‪:‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫أخبر هللا تعالى في كتابه الكريم عن طرق الوحي لرسله الكرام عليهم السالم ‪ ،‬وكان منها ‪ :‬التكليم من وراء‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫َشاءُ‬
‫ه َما ي َ‬ ‫ي بِإِ ْذنِ ِ‬
‫ح َ‬ ‫سول ا َف ُيو ِ‬‫ل َر ُ‬ ‫حجَابٍ أَ ْو ُي ْر ِ‬
‫س َ‬ ‫َحياا أَ ْو ِم ْ‬
‫ن َو َرا ِء ِ‬ ‫َّللا إِ َّل و ْ‬
‫م ُه َّ ُ‬ ‫ش ٍر أَ ْن ُي َ‬
‫كلِ َ‬ ‫ان لِبَ َ‬‫حجاب ‪ ،‬قال تعالى ( َومَا َك َ‬
‫م ) الشورى‪. 51 /‬‬ ‫حكِي ٌ‬
‫ي َ‬ ‫إِنَّ ُه َعلِ ٌّ‬
‫م َعلَى‬ ‫ض ْلنَا ب َْع َ‬
‫ض ُه ْ‬ ‫ل َف َّ‬‫س ُ‬ ‫ك ُّ‬
‫الر ُ‬ ‫وأخبر تعالى أن التكليم من وراء حجاب هو منزلة عالية للنبي المكلَّم ‪ ،‬قال تعالى ( تِ ْل َ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ت ) البقرة‪. 253 /‬‬ ‫م َد َرجَا ٍ‬ ‫ض ُه ْ‬‫ع ب َْع َ‬‫َّللا َو َر َف َ‬ ‫َن َكلَّ َ‬
‫م َّ ُ‬ ‫مم ْ‬ ‫ب َْع ٍ‬
‫ض ِم ْن ُه ْ‬
‫ومن هؤلء المكلَّمين ‪:‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪ .1‬آدم عليه السالم ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫كلَّ ٌ‬
‫م ) قال ‪ :‬فكم كان بينه وبين نوح ؟ قال‬ ‫م ُم َ‬ ‫عن أبي أمامة أن رجال قال ‪ :‬يا رسول هللا أنب ٌّ‬
‫ي كان آدم ؟ قال ‪ ( :‬نَ َع ْ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ش َر ُة ُق ُرون ) ‪.‬‬
‫‪َ ( :‬ع ْ‬
‫رواه ابن حبان في " صحيحه " ( ‪ ) 69 / 14‬وصححه شعيب اْلرناؤط محقق الكتاب ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪ .2‬موسى عليه السالم ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫مي َقاتِنَا و ََكلَّم ُ‬
‫َه َربُّ ُه )‬ ‫ما جَا َء ُم َ‬
‫وسى لِ ِ‬ ‫ما ) النساء‪ ، 164 /‬وقال عز وجل ( وَلَ َّ‬ ‫وسى تَ ْكلِي ا‬
‫َّللا ُم َ‬ ‫قال تعالى ( و ََكلَّ َ‬
‫م َّ ُ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫كال ِمي ) ْلعراف‪. 144 /‬‬ ‫سالتِي َوبِ َ‬
‫اس بِ ِر َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ك َعلَى ال َّن‬
‫صطَ َف ْي ُت َ‬ ‫اْلعراف‪ ، 143 /‬وقال سبحانه ( يَا ُم َ‬
‫وسى إِنِي ا ْ‬

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‫مد صلَّى هللا عليه وسلم ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3 ‬مح َّ‬
‫‪ ‬وهو ثابت في رحلة المعراج إلى السماء ‪ ،‬وفيها قوله صلى هللا عليه وسلم ‪:‬‬
‫م‪،‬‬ ‫ل يَ ْو ٍ‬ ‫سينَ ص ََال اة ُك َّ‬ ‫خ ْم ِ‬ ‫ت بِ َ‬ ‫ل ‪ :‬أُ ِم ْر ُ‬ ‫ت ؟ َقا َ‬ ‫ل ‪ :‬بِمَا أُ ِم ْر َ‬ ‫وسى َف َقا َ‬ ‫ت َعلَى ُم َ‬ ‫ت َف َ‬
‫م َر ْر ُ‬ ‫‪َ ( ‬ف َرج َْع ُ‬
‫ت ال َّناسَ َق ْبلَ َ‬
‫ك‬ ‫ج َّر ْب ُ‬ ‫م وَإِنِي و َّ ِ‬
‫ََّللا َق ْد َ‬ ‫سينَ ص ََال اة ُك َّ‬
‫ل يَ ْو ٍ‬ ‫خ ْم ِ‬ ‫طي ُع َ‬ ‫ك َل تَ ْ‬
‫س َت ِ‬ ‫ن أُ َّم َت َ‬
‫ل ‪ :‬إِ َّ‬ ‫َقا َ‬
‫ت‪،‬‬‫ك ‪َ ،‬ف َرج َْع ُ‬ ‫يف ِْلُ َّمتِ َ‬
‫خ ِف َ‬ ‫اسأَ ْل ُه ال َّت ْ‬‫ك َف ْ‬ ‫ج ْع إِلَى َربِ َ‬ ‫ة َفا ْر ِ‬‫ج ِ‬ ‫ش َّد ْال ُ‬
‫م َعالَ َ‬ ‫ل أَ َ‬‫س َرائِي َ‬‫ت بَنِي إِ ْ‬ ‫ج ُ‬ ‫َو َعالَ ْ‬
‫خ ِف َ‬
‫يف‬ ‫اسأَ ْل ُه ال َّت ْ‬
‫ك َف ْ‬ ‫ج ْع إِلَى َربِ َ‬ ‫ل ِم ْثلَ ُه ‪َ ...‬فا ْر ِ‬ ‫وسى َف َقا َ‬ ‫ت إِلَى ُم َ‬ ‫شراا ‪َ ،‬ف َرج َْع ُ‬ ‫ع َع ِني َع ْ‬ ‫َف َو َ‬
‫ض َ‬
‫م‪.‬‬ ‫سلِ ُ‬ ‫ضى وَأُ َ‬ ‫ت وَلَكِنِي أَ ْر َ‬ ‫َحيَ ْي ُ‬
‫است ْ‬ ‫ح َّتى ْ‬ ‫ت َربِي َ‬ ‫سأَ ْل ُ‬‫ل‪َ :‬‬ ‫ك َقا َ‬ ‫ِْلُ َّمتِ َ‬
‫‪ ‬رواه البخاري ( ‪ ) 3674‬ومسلم ( ‪) 162‬‬

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 Indirect Revelation
 The vast majority of Allaah’s revelation was conveyed to the prophets by way
of the angel of revelation, Jibreel.

 The final book of revelation, the entire Qur’aan, was revealed in this way.
This form of revelation reached the Prophet (ρ) in two ways: either in the
form of the reverberating sound like the gong of a bell, or in the form of the
direct speech of the angel

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 TYPES OF WAHY


 Just as the wahy was conveyed by different methods (direct and indirect) and
forms (visions and speech), there were variations in the types of revelation
which were conveyed: the Qur’aan, hadeeth qudsee, and hadeeths of the
Prophet (ρ).

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Usool al-Tafseer
‫ كالم هللا المنزل باللغة العربية على نبيه محمد المعجز بلفظه المتعبد بتالوته المنقول‬
‫بالتواتر المكتوب في المصاحف من أول سورة الفاتحة إلى آخر الناس‬
 The Qur’aan is the Arabic speech (kalaam) of Allah, which He revealed to
Muhammad ‫صلى هللا عليه وسلم‬in wording and meaning, and is of miraculous
nature, (a challenge to mankind to produce something similar to it) its
recitation is used in acts of worship, which has been preserved in the mus-
hafs, and has reached us by mutawaatir transmissions from the beginning of
surattul Fatiha to the end of suratun Naas.

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 materialist doubts
 DOUBTS ABOUT QUR’AANIC WAHY
 Attempts to create doubts about the authenticity of the Qur’aan have been
made from the time of the Prophet (ρ) until today. Hence, a study of wahy
would be incomplete without a look at the doubts which have been raised, as
well as the replies which have been given to them. The following objections
to the divine origin of the Qur’aan are the two most commonly raised:
 (1) The Qur’aan was the product of Muhammad’s intelligence.
 (2) Muhammad (ρ) was taught the stories of the Qur’aan by someone else.

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 doubts about revelation to the Prophet (pbuh) in particular
 Differences between Qur’aan, hadeeth qudsee, and regular hadeeths
 The Qur’an’s gradual revelation and the wisdom behind that

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