Name : Arijie Balqiis S

1215030034 / 2A

Place of articulation
In the production of speech sounds, the organs n the upper part of the mouth may be described as
places of articulation

1. Bilabials
These are sounds are formed using both lips. [p], [b], [m], [w]
The initial sound of pat, bat, mat, way

2. Alveolars
These sounds are formed with the front part of the tongue on the alveolar ridge
[t], [d], [s], [z], [n], [tʃ], [dʒ] [dʒ]
The initial sounds of take, door, simple, zone, know
Cheese, charge, cheer, orchard, richer, feature, gesture, lecture, catch, much, coach, wretch, culture
Joke, jar, soldier, ridge, judge, margin, huge, age, change, major, object

3. Post alveolars
These sound are formed with the tip (and rims) of the tongue articulating with the rear part of the
alveolar ridge.[r]
The initial sounds of right, write, run

4. Velars
Sounds produced with the back of the tongue against the velum [ŋ], [k],[g]
The final sounds of sing, bake, bug

5. Glottal
The sound is produced without the active use of the tongue and other part of the mout[h]
The initial sounds of who, whose, happy

1. Stops
Manner of articulation
[p], [,b], [t], [d], [k], [g]
The sounds are produced by some forms of complete stopping of the airsteam and then letting it go
abruptly
These sound are also called plosive because the complete closure in the vocal track is made behind
which the air pressure builds up and can be release explosively
The initial sounds of play, blow,
The final sounds of jumped, rubbed
The middle sounds of income, juggling

2. Affricates
An affricate is made by briefly stopping the airstream completely and then releasing the articulators
slightly so that friction is produced
[tʃ], [dʒ] Cheap, jeep

3. Nasals
Most sounds are produced orally, with the velum raised preventing airflow from entering the nasal
cavity.[m], [n]. [ŋ]
Examples; morning, knitting, sing

4. Lateral
In producing lateral, the tip of the tongue comes into contact with the roof of the mouth and the air
is allowed to pass over one or both sides of the tongue[l]
Examples ; light, pull, golf

5. Fricatives
The sounds are produced by bringing the mouth into position to block the passage of the airstream ,
but not making complete closure , so that air moving through the mouth generates audible friction
[f]. [v]. [θ], [ð], [s], [z], [h], [ʃ] [ʃ], [ʒ]
Examples; laugh, breath, leather, save, essay, exact, schedule, decision, rear, hair

6. Semi-vowel
semi vowel is gliding sound in which the speech organs strat at or near a close vowel and
immediately move away to some other vowel [w[, [j]
Examples; west, you , yes, Europe

7. Retroflexsound
Retroflex sound made with the tongue tip curled back [r]
Rare, run, row