l=fõ‚hf.a orejkaf.

a orefjda
jeÈ ck kdhlhska úiska uydjxY wdLHdkhka neyer lsÍu m%;sfrdaë wkkH;djla f,i1

m%Nd;a .,.uf.a

wdÈjdiS ck wOHhk flakaøh - Y%S ,xld inr.uqj úYaj úoHd,h

gprabath@gmail.com

jeÈ ckhd mejf;kqfha l=fKshf.a orejkaf.kah hkak uydjxYh Tiafia .,d tk jeÈ
ckhdf.a fmdÿ iïNjh ms<sn| m%uqL wdLHdkhhs' tfy;a jeÈ ckhdf.a kdhlhska yd
Tjqkaf.a u;jdohkaf.a wdNdIh ,;a jeÈ ckhd úiska fuu wdLHdkh m%;slafIam lrhs'
Tjqka i|yka lrkafka jeÈ ckhdf.a iïNjh thg jvd fndfyda ÿrd;S;hg .uka lrk
njhs' fmdÿ iïNjh ms<sn| wêm;s ixialD;sh úiska kS¾Kh lrk ,o m%jdohka wdÈjdiS
ckhd úiska neyer lsÍu i|yd miqìu ielfikafka j¾;udkfha isÿlr we;s
mqrdúoHd;aul .fõIK m%uqL fldg.;a ,xld b;sydih ms<sn| kj wkdjrKhka yd
iu.dójh' flfia fj;;a ckjd¾.sl fyda iduQysl wkkH;djka y÷kd .ekSfï§
jeo.;a jk m%Odk udkhla jk fmdÿ iïNjh ms<sn| wdLHdkhka m%;sks¾udKh jk $
m%;sixialrKh jk yd —wfkld˜ úiska f.dvk.k ,o ;uka ms<sn|j jk wdLHdkhka
neyer lr,k fuu wjia:dj jeÈ ckhdf.a ckjd¾.sl yev;,hkaf.a wkd.;h ms<sn|j
isÿlrk .fõIKhl§ b;d jeo.;a fjhs' fï wkqj fuu m;%sldj ;=<ska bÈßm;a
lrkafka o¾Ykm;s Wmdê m¾fhaIK jHdmD;shl wkq fldgila f,i wOHhkhg ,lajQ
lafIa;%hls'

fuh oUdk" fykakdks., yd r;=., hk wdÈjdiS ckmo wdY%s;j isÿlr we;s

iyNd.s;aj ksÍlaIK yd iïuqL idlÉPdjka m%Odk f,i o;a; rdYslrK l%ufõohka
f,i fhdodf.k we;s m¾fhaIKhla fõ'

wOHhkh Tiafiaa meñ‚h yelsjk ks.ukh jkafka jeÈ ck kdhlhska úiska ish
iïNjh ms<sn| uydjxY wdLHdkh m%;slafIam lsÍu m%;sfrdaë wkkH;djla f,i
ye¢k.; yels njhs' tfiau th ;jÿrg;a úia;drKh l<fyd;a —wdÈjdiS foaYmd,khl˜
yev;,o ta ;=< ye¢k.; yel' fuu ixisoaêh wdÈjdiS ckhd f.a ckjd¾.sl meje;afï
mßj¾;khka ms<sn|j isÿlrk wOHhkhl § tys .ukau. ms<sn| ks.ukh i|yd o
wdf,dalhla iïmdokh lrkq we;'

m%uqL mo (Key Words): jeÈ ckhd" wdÈjdiS;ajh" wdÈjdiS foaYmd,kh" fmdÿ iïNjh" wkkH;dj

1
Paper presented at the International Research Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty
of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, 8th and 9th November 2012

1
ye¢
ye¢kaùu
jeÈ ckhd ksfhdackh lrkqfha ckjd¾.sl wkkH;djlao" tfia;a ke;skï fjk;a m%cd
wkkH;djlao hkak t;rï meyeÈ,s ke;' ukao jeÈ nj yd isxy, nj w;r
taldnoaO;djlao" úfNaokhlao tlúg l%shd;aul jk neú‚ ^fï ms<sn| jeäÿr
idlÉPdjla bÈß fm< ;=< igyka fldg we;&' ckjd¾.sl wkkH;djla y÷kd .; yels
tla jeo.;a wx.hla jk fmdÿ werUqu ms<sn|j" tfia;a ke;fyd;a fmdÿ uq;=ka ñ;a;ka
ms<sn| wdLHdkhkao ia:dms; jkafka ck fldgia fol w;r iyiïnkaO;djla yd
fjkalsÍulao tlúg f.dvk.ñks' fï wkqj uydjxYh olajkq ,nkafka úch rcq yd
l=fõ‚hg odj Wmka ore fofokdf.ka jeÈ ckhd iïNjh jQ njhs' uydjxYh isxy,
wei Tiafia ,shejqKq ft;sydisl .%ka:hla njo fuys§ u;lhg k.d .; hq;= fjhs' fï
wkqj isy, ckj¾.h úchdj;rK mqrdjD;a;h yd nef|k úg jeÈ ckhd tlS mqrd
jD;a;fha fldgila jk úch-l=fõ‚ iyiïnkaOfha m%;sm,hla f,i ia:dms; lrhs'
tafiau isxy, nj yd jeÈ nj w;r ia:rdhk mr;rhlao ks¾udKh lrhs' j¾:udk jeÈ
ck kdhlhska fuu wdLHdkh m%;slafIam lrkq oel.; yel' tfiau idudkH jeÈ
m%cdjf.ka ie,lsh hq;= msßilao fuu wdLHdkh neyer lrñka woyia olajkq oelsh
yel' fuh jeÈ ckhdf.a ckjd¾.sl;ajh fyda ta yd iudk wkkH;djl yev.eiau
ms<sn| tla;rd ix{djls' ukao uyd iudcfha ckm%sh woyi jkafka oeka ˜jeoaoka
fkdue;s nj;a˜" Tjqka lrkqfha ˜jD;a;shla˜ f,i jeoaoka f,i fmkS isàu nj;ah' fuu
woyio kej; jeoaoka ms<sn| wêm;s ixcdkkh yd ne£ we;' th kï jeoaoka hkq fld,
w;= yeo.;a fyda frÈlvlska ieriqKq" wms<sfj<g mj;sk È.= ysiflia iys;" ovhñka
Èú f.jkq ,nk" miq.dó m%cdjla nj fyda tfia isáh hq;= m%cdjla njhs' kuq;a fuys
mj;sk úfrdaOdNdih jkafka jeÈ ckhd ish" jk mdßißlfhka wêm;s iudch úiskau
úfhdalrkq ,en ;sîuhs' ñksiqkaf.a ckjd¾.sl fyda ta yd iudk yeÕSï mÍlaId l<
hq;af;a Tjqkaf.a ndysr iajrEmh fyda Tjqkag ish .uka ufÕys tla hq.hla úiska fok
,o yd meje;aug n, flreKq iajdNdjh fyda wo hq.fha§ Tjqkg mej;Sug n, flÍ
we;s wdlD;shla u; muKla mokïj fkdfõ' ta i|yd idOl /il iyNd.s;ajh ,nd.;
hq;= fjhs' ñka tlla jkafka fmdÿ werUqu ms<sn| Tjqka ;=< mj;sk iú{d‚l Ndjhhs'
fmdÿ werUqu ms<sn| újdohka yd fkdtlÕ;do" tys m%;s ieliqïo fulS iú{d‚l
Ndjh hg;gu we;=,;a l, yel' fï wkqj jeÈ ckhd ;=< mj;sk mj;sk fmdÿ werUqu
ms<sn| wdLHdkhka fukau tlS wdLHdkhka ms<sn| Tjqkaf.a úfõpkhkao Tjqkaf.a
ckjd¾.sl wkkH;djfha ixila;sh yd ÈYdk;sh ms<sn| ñkqula iïmdokh lrhs' fuu
ñkqu jeÈ nj wfydais ùu $ Èhj hdu fyda tlS ldrKd isÿùug b;d wdikak njg jk
m%jdohka i|yd ks.ukhla ,nd §ug Yla;su;a Wmldrlhla iïmdokh lrhs'

2
wOHhk lafIa;%h yd l%ufõoh

fuu wOHhkh oUdk" fykakdks., yd r;=., hk wdÈjdiS .ïudk weiqßka isÿ

flreKq w;r o;a; rdYslrKh i|yd iyNd.s;aj ksÍlaIKh" iïuqL idlÉPdjka yd
m%Yakdj,Ska uQ,sl jYfhka fhdod .eks‚' wOHhkhg m%ia;+; ldrKh wrUhd uQ,sl
oeKqj;alulg .uka lsÍu úIh lafIa;%h Tiafia ,shjqKq idys;H úu¾IKh Tiafia
isÿlr we;'

wkkH;dj yd m%;sfrdaë wkkH;dj

wkkH;djfha wdldr ;%s;ajhla ldiag,aia ^1988& f.ka Wmqgd olajñka yd ;ukaf.ao

tl;= lsÍï iuÕ Langman ^2011& úiska bÈßm;a lrhs'

1' iqcd;lr‚; wkkH;dj ^legitimating identity&

2' m%;sfrdaë $ m%;sfrdaOl wkkH;dj ^resistance identity&

3' m%lafIam wkkH;dj ^project identity&

ldiag,aia g wkqj iqcd;lr‚; wkkH;dj mj;akd ;’a;ajfha (status

quo) ;sridr;ajh iuÕ ne£ mj;S' fndfyda ñksiqka .;dkq.;sl jk w;r Tjqka
idudkHfhka wêm;s O¾u;djka" w.hka" wNHdihka ^practices& yd wkkH;djka
m%;sksIamdokh lrhs' ta ;=< mx;suh" l=,uh" wd.ñl in|;d wdÈh we;=,;a mj;sk n,
jHqyh ;sridrfõ' m%;sfrdaOl wkkH;dj úúO Wm ixialD;Ska /il oel.; yel' tu
;;a;ajh Tjqka ms<sôuq lrkqfha iïu; rduqjg msg;ska msysgjQ ix.S;h" weÕ¨ï ú,dis;d
yd Ôjk ú,dis;djka wd§ oE Tiafiah' flfia fj;;a fndfyda úg fuu wkkH;djka
uy iudcfhau tla fldgila f,i ye¢k .; yel' mqoa.,hdg úl,am Ôjk m%foaYhla
fuu wkkH;d Tiafia újr jkq ,nhs' tfiau iuyr úfgl uy iudcfhka
mrdfrdamkhg yd ks¾udkqISh ie,l=ï ,nk mqoa.,hkag hï bvlvlao fuu ixialD;Ska
úiska újr lr fokq ,nhs' jeÈ ckhd .;fyd;a Tjqka —YsIaGdpdr.;˜ isxy,
wi,ajeishka iuÕ È.= l,la Èúf.jd we;' iuyr wjia:dj,§ jeÈ nj yd isxy, nj
ckjd¾.sl f¾Ld Tiafia fnÿï lvk fh§uo wmyiq ldrKhla njg m;afõ' tfy;a
Tjqka ;=< Tjqkag wkkH jQ iïm%odhka /ila ye¢k .; yels úh' ish iïm%odhkaf.ka
fjka ùu Tiafia Tjqkaf.ka jeä fldgila isxy, wkkH;dj foig ixl%uKh jQ nj
m¾fhaIlhska ikd: fldg we;' tfy;a ;j;a fldgila wog;a ish iïm%odh ;=< Èú
f.ùu úfYaI ixisoaêhls' fï ;=<o m%;sfrdaë wkkH;d .;s,laIK oel.; yel'
m%lafIam wkkH;dj m%;sfrdaO wkkH;djg jvd .eUqrg .uka lrkakla fõ' fndfyda úg
m%;sfrdaO wkkH;djka úiska m%;sks¾jpkhka Tiafia m%lafIam wkkH;d f.dv kexjkq
3
oel.; yel' WodyrK f,i iudcfha wdka;sl fldgia f,i oelsh yels iu,sx.sl
lKavdhï ish y~ k.ñkao" ixúOdkh fjñkao f.dvk.kqfha m%lafIam wkkH;djka
fõ' fï u; uy iudchSh ieleiafï úmßj¾;khla w;aoelsh yel' tfiau ldka;d
whs;Ska ms<sn| l;sldj yd ia;%Sjd§ jHdmdrhkao kj wkkH;d idOkh fyj;a m%lafIams;
wkkH;d ks¾udKh lrhs' ldiag,aia i|yka lrkafka iqcd;lr‚; wkkH;dj
.%dïiaÑhdkq fycuksl kHdhhka iuÕ noaO jk njhs' fï wkqj iqcd;lr‚;
wkkH;dj ms<sn| ixl,amh ;=< n,h ysñ mka;sfha ^yd wêm;s ckjd¾.sl lKavdhfï
$ lKavdhïj,& meje;au ;yjqre flfrk f,i ixialD;sh yd is;=ú,s yeisrùu hk
ldrKdo wka;¾.;fõ' wêm;s n,h fijfkys f.dvkef.k —mj;sk ;;a;ajh˜
iajdNdúllrKhg ,lajkafka —idudkH ;;a;ajh˜" —fmdÿ ixfõÈ;ajh˜ yd
ish,a,kaf.au —fyd|u reÑh˜ f,is‚' wêm;s u;jdohka ñksid ;=<g wka;¾.%yKh
lsÍu úúO ixialD;sl Wmdx. yryd isÿfõ' tajdhska jvd m%uqL tajd f,i fmdÿ
wOHdmkh" wd.u yd udOH ie,lsh yel' fuh werfUkafka <uqka ish mjq, ;=<ska —
ms<s.;a˜ m%;sudk yd w.hka wjfYaIKh lr .ekau weröu;a iuÕs‚' fï wkqj
fycuksl wkkH;djka ksIamdokh hkq wdêm;Hfha ;sridr wdlD;shla f.dvkexùfï
jHdmD;shls' m%j¾;k f,dalfha iudc tlñ;sh ;sridr lsÍfï ld¾h ;=<§ wkkH;d
m%odkh lrk m%Odk u;jdohka ;%s;ajh f,i Langman ^2011& olajkafka wd.u"
cd;sljdoh yd mdßfNdackjdohhs' wd.u w;sYh .;dkq.;sl;ajh ms<sn| woyiao" jvd
fydo iy iqNodhS wkd.;hla ms<sn| woyia o,ajd ;eîu Tiafiao ish lD;H bgq lrhs'
ld¾ñl kQ;k;ajhg mßKduh jk f,dalh ;=<§ mej;s nQ¾Iqjdj úiska cd;sljdoh
ms<sn| ixl,amh biau;= lrk ,o w;r wd.u rdcHfhka ÿria lsÍug nQ¾Iqjdj l%shd;aul
úh' fï hgf;a cd;sl rdcH ixl,amh biau;= úh' cd;sl rdcH ;=<§ ñksid fj;
wka;¾.%yKh flreKq fycuksl wkkH;d wdldrhla f,i —mqrjeishd˜ hk ixl,amh
ye¢k .; yel' mdßfNdackjdoh ckudOH iyho ,nk ixl,amhls' th ñksiqkaf.a
mdßfNdack p¾hdj u; mdol fiau tu p¾hdj wêm;s u;jdoh úiska yiqrejkaklao
fõ' iuyr wkkH;d ikakï njg m;aù we;' fjf<| oekaùï yryd fuu mdßfNdack
wkkH;d biau;= lsÍuo" wf,ú lsÍuo isÿfõ' .dhk" rx.k yd l%Svd ;drldjkao
mßfNdack wkkH;djfha fldgialrejkah' fï wkqj m%jD;a;s Tiafia f;dr;=re iemhSu
hk ldrKh mjd f;dr;=re-ridiajdokh ^infotainment& hkak f,i fjkiaj we;
^Langman 2011&'

m%;sfrdaO wkkH;djfha kj udkhka i|yd f.da,ShlrK l%shdoduh

iómj n,md we; ^Langman 2011&' f.da,ShlrKh mq¿,a iudc fjkialï /ila ìys
lf<ah' mer‚ m%cdjka uelSf.dia uyd k.r yÈisfhau fmkS isáfhah' l=vd fjf<|
jHdmdr yd *elagß jeiSf.dia wê;dlaI‚l *elagß yd fuda,a ixlS¾K mek ke.s‚' wo
Èk fndfyda ñksiqkaf.a mer‚ Ôjk ud¾. weysÍ f.dia we;' idudkH ckhdg ish
4
w;S;h yd ikaikaokd;aulj j;auk .ek is;d ne,Sfï§ mer‚ Ôú;h jvd hym;a
njg yeÕSula we;sùu wreuhla fkdfõ' fï wkqj iqcd;lr‚; wkkH;dfõ mokï
.eg¨jlg uqyqK fohs' idudkH ld,jljdkq j,§ wd.u yd cd;sljd§ka fycuksl
lD;Hhka i|yd fiajhlrk kuq;a iuyr uQ,O¾ujd§ wd.ï yd m%;sl%shdldÍ cd;sljd§ka
fuu iqcd;lrK wkkH;d w¾nqoh yuqfõ Tjqka w;aúÈ —fyd|u w;S;h˜ ms<sn|
u;lhka m%;sia:dmkh i|yd hï wdldrhl m%;sfrdaë wkkH;d wdldrhka w;alr.kq
oel.; yel' fuf;la mej;s w.hka fjkialïj,g n÷ka jk úg iïm%odhsl ckhd
fuu ;;a;ajh ixcdkkh lrkqfha wys;lr ;;a;ajhla f,ihs' m%Odk iudc fjkialï
isÿjk iuhka ;=<§ wkkH;d wdldrhkaf.a fuu mßj¾;khka oel.; yel' fï wkqj
iïm%odhsl wkkH;d wdldrhka kj f,dalhla ÿgq úg thg m%;sfrdaëj l%shd;aul jkq
oel.; yel' fuu ;;a;ajhkag WodyrK f,i uQ,Od¾ñl l%sia;shdks" fn!oaO yd
bia,dñlhkaf.a l%shdl,dmhka fmkajd Èh yel' flfia kuq;a fuu ;;a;ajhka ld,h;a
iuÕ m%;s ieleiSïj,g n÷ka fjñka kej;;a iqcd;lr‚; wkkH;djka kj
udkhkaf.ka ks¾udKh jkq oel.; yel'

iudc .;sl;ajhka yd úmßj¾;khka ;=< wkkH;djka mßj¾;khkag

,lafõ' úisjk ishji ;=< iudc jHdmdrhka uQ,slj wjOdkh fhduqlf<a lïlre
whs;Ska" wdrlaIdj" jD;a;Sh iñ;s.;ùu" jegqma yd m%;s,dN ms<sn|jhs' kuq;a wo Èk jk
úg iudc jHdmdrhka fïjdg wu;rj fjkia m%mxphka foigo wjOdkh fhduq lrhs'
mer‚ iudc jHdmdr uOH.; mkakfha jk úg m%j¾;k iudc jHdmdr úuOH.;"
iajhxmd,s; yd iyNd.s;aj ,laIK ork tajd njg mßj¾;s;hs' fuu mßj¾;khg n÷ka
jk jHdmD;s Tiafia ks¾udkh jkafka m%lafIam wkkH;d fõ' tjeks iudc jHdmdrhlg
WodyrKhla f,i jd¾Isl f.da,Sh iudc ixioh ^Annual Global Social Forum&
fmkajdÈh yel' fuu ixioh hqo úfrdaOh" wêrdcHjdoh" wiudk;dj" ia;%Sjdoh" mßir
ixrlaIKh" iïm%odhsl ixialD;Ska /l.ekSu jeks úúOdldr jQ ixialD;sl $
wkkkH;d u; wr., lrhs' fuys§ úúO kj wkkH;d jHdmD;Ska ks¾udKh jkq uqK
.efik w;r tajd m%lafIam wkkH;djka f,i ye¢k.; yel' iqcd;lr‚; wkkH;dj
ork m%cdjka fujeks wdldrfha m%lafIams; wkkH;d i|yd m%;sfrdaë fõ'

jeÈ nj yd isxy, nj - wkkH;d f¾Ldjka ms<sn| .eg¨

.eg¨

ckjd¾.sl lKavdhula ^ethnical group& f,i jeÈ ckhd ye¢k .; yelso hkak jeÈ
ckhd ms<sn| wOHhkfha§ mek k.sk .eg¿jls' Seneviratne ^1983& wjOdrKh lrkqfha
jeoaoka fjkajQ wkkH;djla iys; ck-ixialD;sl ^ethno-cultural& lKavdhulao hkak
wmf.a ft;sydisl" iudchSh" ixialD;sl fukau Ydia;%d,hSSh ;,fha mjd is;a.kakd iq¨
m%Yakhla jk njhs' Tyqf.a woyig wkqj jeoaokag Tjqkaf.au wdpdr O¾u moaO;shla yd
fjk;a iudc" wd¾Ól" yd foaYmd,ksl wka;¾ l%shdjka ish jk.; jdiN+ñh ;=<
5
mej;s‚' tksid TjQyq wfkl=;a ish¨ ck-ixialD;sl uQ,hka ie,l+fõ ˜wd.ka;=l˜
f,is‚ (Seneviratne 1983&' jeÈ ckhd m%Odk NdId Ndú;dfjka fjkiajQ NdIdjla
Ndú;d lrkq ,enQ $ ,nk w;r" m%Odk ckjd¾.sl lKavdhïj,g ^fuys§ uQ,sl f,i
wjOdrKh fhduq lrkafka isxy, ck j¾.h flakaøs;j fõ' kef.kysr fjr<nv uqyqÿ
jeÈ m%cdj iïnkaOfhka .kakd úg fuu wjOdkh fou< ckj¾.h foig flakaøs;
jkq we;& fjkia jQ wdLHdkhka" wNspdr" Ôjk ú,dis;djka ord isáKq oelsh yel' thg
Tjqkaf.a {d;S;aj rgdj fukau wd.ñl ÈYdk;sho wh;ah' wfkla w;g Tjqka isxy,
l=, OQrdj,sfhka msg; ia:dms;j mej;Su ^Brow 1978& jeÈ ckhd ms<sn| fjku
ckjd¾.sl wkkH;djla we;=,;alr ye¢k .ekSug rel=,a fohs' tfy;a Brow ^1978&u
fuu wkkH;d .eg¨j ms<sn|j idlÉPd lrñka igyka lrkafka Tyq úiska úu¾YKh
lrk ,o rpkdjka Tiafia fï ms<sn|j meyeÈ,s ks.ukhlg tau wmyiq njhs' úúO
m¾fhaIlhka fuu ldrKh ms<sn| fmdÿ tlÕ;djlg meñK ;sfnKq oel.; fkdyel'
iuyr m¾fhaIlhka jeÈ ckhd isxy, ckjd¾.sl;ajh ;=< ia:dms; lr ye¢k .ekSug
wdila; jk úg ;j;a iuyr m¾fhaIlhska ta ms<sn|j lsisfia;a tlÕ fkdfj;s' flfia
fj;;a fuu ldrKh fulS m;%sldfõo flakaøSh ldrKhla jk ksid fuh jvd mq¿,aj
wjOdrKhg .; hq;= jkq we;' ukao jeÈ ckhd yd isxy, ckjd¾.sl;ajh b;d oeäf,i
wka;¾ ine¢hdjka iys;" fmdÿ ,laIK /ila wka;¾.; fukau Tjqkaf.ka fndfyda
fldgila ÿrd;sfha§u isxy,lrKhg ,lajQ njg ^fukau isxy,hka jeoaoka njg m;ajQ
njgo& idOl mj;sk fyhsks ^Tfífialr 2007&' ;j;a WodyrKhka .;fyd;a w;s olaI
ovhlalrejka jQ jeÈ ckhd rdclSh .Dyhkag uia iemhQ w;r ^Wijesekera 1982:13&"
isxy, rcqf.a yuqodj ksfhdackh lf<ah" isxy,ka iuÕ wjdy újdyhkag m;aúh'

fjku NdIdjla u; ckjd¾.sl;ajh ms<sôuq jk ñksia iuQyhka iudc

jd.aúoHd;aul ckjd¾.sl lKavdhï ^socio-linguistic ethnical group & f,i ye¢k .;
yel' Müller ^2008& wm%sldkq tldkajre ^Akan & yeÈk.kafka fï wdldrfhks' fï f,i
jeÈ ckhd iudc jd.aúoHd;aul ckjd¾.sl lKavdhula ^socio-linguistic ethnical group&
f,i ye¢kaùug yelso hkak kQ;kfha .eg¿jla f,i mek k.sKq we;af;a jeÈ ckhd
ish NdIdj fjkqjg jv jvd isxy, ni foig ixl%uKh ù we;s fyhs‚' wo jk úg
Tjqka w;ßka iuyfrl=g isxy, ni lshùfï yd ,sùfï yelshdjo we; ^Wijesekera
1982: 04&' kQ;k f,dalh yd .kqfokq lsÍug ld,hka yd wxl bÈßm;a lsÍug jpk mjd
rys; ^Wijesekera 1982: 04& fuu wjj¾ê; NdIdj m%udKj;a fkdùu yd ndysr f,dalh
iuÕ .kqfokq lsÍu myiqlr .ekSu jeÈ ckhd isxy, nig ixl%uKh ùug m%Odk
fya;+ka jkakg we;' fï wkqj kQ;kfha § jeÈ ni Tjqkaf.a wkkH;dj ms<sn|
ft;sydisl w.hlska fyì yd ixo¾Ykd;aul w.hlska fyì m%mxphla f,i ñi th
ckjd¾.sl;ajfha iajdNdjh úia;r lsÍug mq¿,a f,i fhdod.; yels m%mxphla fkdfõ'
6
wfkla w;g iuyr m¾fhaIlhka yd rplhka jeÈni y÷kd.kafka ˜levqKq˜ isxy,hla
^—broken˜ Sinhalese& f,i ñi fjku NdIdjla f,iska o fkdfõ' NdId úfYaI{hskaf.a
woyig wkqj1 jeÈ nfia jHqyd;aul yd jHdlrK miqìu isxy,g iudk fõ ^Wijesekera
1982:04&' tys jdla fldaIh ;=< isxy, joka wka;¾.; w;r jir 2500lg wêl ld,hl
isg isxy,hka iuÕ in|;d mej;Su u; tfia isÿùu iajdNdúlfõ ^Wijesekera 1982(
04&' fï wkqj ckjd¾.sl yev;, jeÈ ckhd ;=< y÷kd .ekSfï§ fuu NdIdj yd isxy,
ni fjku wkkH;d iys;o hkak .eg¨jla f,i mek kexfõ' flfia fj;;a wu;l
fkdl< hq;= ldrKh jkafka ckjd¾.sl wkkH;dj iïnkaOfhka .;aúg NdIdj tla
ks¾kdhlhla muKla jk njhs' tfy;a th fndfyda úg m%uqL ks¾kdhlhla f,i fmkS
isákqo oel.; yel'

by; ldrKd ish,a, i,ld neÆ l, jeÈ ckhd iudc iuQyhl

,laIKhkag tyd .sh ks¾kdhlhkag hg;a lr.;yels ckfldgila njg bÕs m<fõ'
Tjqka iudchSh m¾hka;hla ksfhdackh lrk kuq;a tu m¾hka;h idudkH Wm
ixialD;sl wkkH;d ;=< ;nd ye¢k .ekSuo wmyiqh' ukao Tjqka ^jeÈ ckhd& ;=< ish
wdrïNh ms<sn| wdLHdkhka" ish iuQyh ms<sn| iú{dKl;ajh" iuQyh ;=< Èúf.ùu yd
iuQyfha kS;s Í;sj,g wjk;ùu olakg ,efnk w;r Tjqka ish iïm%odhsl kdhl;ajh
mj;ajdf.k hdu lemS fmfkk ;;a;ajhls' iïm%odhsl kdhl;ajh ckjd¾.sl iuQyhla
f,i jeÈ ckhd ye¢k .ekSug fï wkqj ;j;a meyeos,s o¾Ylhla fõ' tfy;a kej;
jrla is;d n,f;d;a jeÈ ckhdf.a fmdÿ werUqu ms<sn| wdLHdkhka Tjqkagu úYsIag
jQjlao hkako .eg¨ iys;h' úch yd l=fõ‚hf.a orejka fofokdf.ka jeÈ ckhd
mejf;hs hk wdLHdkh uyd jxYh fm< ;=, wka;¾.; jQjls' kej; jghlska i,ld
neÆ úg isxy, ckhd yd jeÈ ckhd fmdÿ werUqu ms<sn| fmdÿ wdLHdkhla fnod yod
.kq we; hkak ;=< Tjqka isxy, ckj¾.fhka úfNaokh lr oelaùu .eg¨ldÍ njgo
u; m<fjhs' tfy;a fuys§ w;aoelsh yelafla fuu wdLHdkh ˜YsIagdpdr.;jQ˜ isxy,
wêm;s wei Tiafia ^uydjxYh& ksmojQjla ñi th jeÈ ckhd w;r mej;s wdLHdkhlao
hkak tu u; m<lrkakka olajd fkdue;s ùuhs' ta flfia fj;;a wo Èk jeÈ ckhd
ish werUqu ms<sn|j mjik úch-l=fõŒ wdLHdkh uyd jxY wdLHdkh iuÕ iumd;
fõ'

o;a; úYaf,aIkh yd idlÉPdj

oUdk m%foaYhg wod<j úch-l=fõŒ wdLHdkh ms<sn| oekqïj;a m%;sY;h wxl 01 j.=j
Tiafia ksrEmkh lr we;' fï ;=< fmdÿ iïNjh ms<sn| úch-l=fõŒ wdLHdkh
ms<sn|j muKla oekqïj;a msßi fukau tu wdLHdkh m%Yak lrkq ,nk msßio
we;=,;alr we;' ia;%S mqreI Ndjh u; yd jhia iSudjka u; o fuu oekqqïj;a nj ms<sn|
fjkialï mek kexù we;s nj ksÍlaIKh l< yel' ;reK mrmqr jeäysá mrmqrg
7
idfmalaIj wdLHdkh ms<sn| oekqïj;aùu iqúfYaIS ;;a;ajhls' tfy;a fuu m;%sldfõ
uQ,sl wruqK iuÕ tlS ldrkdjka .uka fkdlrk fyhska ta ms<sn|j úYaf,aYkhkag
.uka lsÍug woyia fkdlruq' úch-l=fõŒ mqrdjD;a;h ;=<ska oelafjk b;sydihg
jvd .eUqrg ish b;sydih úysfok njg ;¾l ke.Su úfYaIs; wjia:djla jk w;r
fufia úch l=fõŒ mqrdjD;a;h ms<sn| ielmy< l< m%udKh wdLHdkh ms<sn|
oekqïj;a iuia; msßi w;ßka m%;sY;hla f,i 30] ls' fykakdks., yd r;=.,
m%foaYj,g wod,j fmdÿ iïNjh ms<sn| oekqïj;alu yd thg m%;sfrdaë oyia oelaùï
ms<sn| ;;a;ajh oUdk m%foaYhg idfmalaIj hï úp,khka ork kuq;a m%udKd;aulj
m%Yia: w.hla fykakdks., m%foaYh iïnkaOfhkao bÈßm;a úh'

wdLHdkh ms<sn| fkdoekqïj;a

wdLHdkh ms<sn| oekqïj;a ^]&
^]&
ia;%S mqreI ia;%S mqreI
wjq 18-39 w;r 70 85 30 15
wjqreÿ 40 yd jeä 55 75 45 25
wxl 01 j.=j( úch l=fõŒ fmdÿ iïNjh ms<sn| wdLHdkh ms<sn| oekqïj;alu - oUdk

—,xldfõ f.da;% ;=kla ;sì, ;sfhkjd' wdÈjdiSka hlaI f.da;%slhskaf.ka

mej;s,d ;sfhkjd' wjqreÿ 37000la ú;r mer‚hs' wo;a wms ta ksid u,.sh
we;af;d woykjd' lkao hld wd§ka woykjd'˜
^;,djßf.a .=Kr;ak -wjq( 24 - oUdk&

—wms mejf;kafka hlaI" foaj" kd. f.da;% ;=fkka tlla jk hlaI

f.da;%slhkaf.ka' tfyu ke;sj úch rcqf. <uhs fokakf.ka fkfjhs˜
W!rejßf.a rxð;a - wjq 35 - oUdk&

—uu wy, ;sfhkafk kï úch rÊcqrefjdkaf.a l=fõ‚hf.a mrïmrdj lsh,

;uhs' Bg;a by;g ;sfhkj lsh, úYajdi lrkjd˜
^W!rejßf.a chiqkaor - wjq( 34 - oUdk&

wfma mrïmrdfõ mej;Su wjqreÿ 35000 lg;a by<ska' nqÿ yduqÿrefjda nqÿfj,d
udi kjhlg miafi uyshx.fkag jeähd' ta jkúg;a ysáhd l=fõ‚f.a
mrïmrdj' l=fõ‚h wfma idudðldjla ñi thdf.ka wms mej;=fka keye'˜
^;,djßf.a mqxÑnKavd - wjq( 29 - fykakdks.,&

wjqreÿ 30000 lg;a ú;r tyd' oekg m%nkaOfha ;sfhkafk úch-l=fõ‚ lsh,˜

^W!rejßf.a .=Kj¾Ok -wjq 56 - fykakdks.,&

8
 —iuyrúg lshkj úch rcqf.ka mej;=khs lsh,' úch tkak l,ska l=fõŒ
rfÜ ysáhd' úchf.ka mejf;k njg jk mqrdjD;a;h fï fjk fldg fjkia
fj,d' kdhl ;=ud lshkjd thg jvd mer‚ b;sydihla wmg ;sfhkjd lsh,d˜

^Wkdmdkjßf.a fma%ur;ak - wjq 37 - foysw;a;lKaäh m%dfoaYSh

iNd uka;%S&
wOHhkhg ,lajQ m%foaY ;=< Èú f.jk wdÈjdiSka iuÕ l< iïuqL
idlÉPdjkaf.ka lsysmhla by;ska Wmqgd oelajQfha wm úiska idlÉPdjg n÷ka lrk
ldrKh ms<sn| Tjqkaf.a woyia Tjqkaf.au jpkfhka ksÍlaIKh lsÍu o jeo.;a jk
fyhs‚' úfYaIfhkau fujeks ldrKd yqÿ ixLHd f,aLKuh o;a; u;g W!kkh lr
úYaf,aIKh lsÍu id¾:l l%uhla jkafka ke;' úch-l=fõŒ mqrdjD;a;h ms<sfkd.kakd
msßia tu wdNdIh ,nd mej;sfha jeÈ kdhlhska fj;sks' jeÈ ck kdhlhska úiska m%n,
f,i u;= lrñka mj;sk woyila m%cdj fj; úirKh ùu by; wdLHdkhka ;=<ska w;a
oelsh yel' oUdk flakaøs;j Èúf.jk wdÈjdiS kdhljrhd m%uqL;ajh f.k bÈßm;a lr
we;s fuu woyi fykakdks., kdhljrhd jk ;,djßf.a .=KnKaäh,e;af;da
mqkreÉPdrKh lrkqfha ˜úch l=fõ‚hf.ka mejf;k l;dj ms<s.; fkdyels nj;a
nqÿyduqÿrejka ysgmq hq.fha mjd ish uq;=ka ñ;a;ka jdih lr we;s nj;a" wjqreÿ 37000
lg tmsg mrïmrdjla ;ukg mj;sk nj;ah˜' r;=., kdhljrhd jk
iqodjkaksh,e;af;da mjikafka ˜wfma wïu," ;d;a;," wdÉÑ," iSh, wmg lsh,
;sfhkafk úch-l=fõ‚f.ka mejf;k nj ;uhs' ta;a thg jvd b;sydihla wmg
;sfhkj lsh, uu úYajdi lrkjd˜ hkqfjks'

fykaøs mdl¾ ish ˜Ancient Ceylon˜ ^1992& lD;sfha olajkafka

˜isxy,hkaf.a meñŒug fmr ish¨u rg wmf.a úh˜ hkak jeoaokaf.a wdvïnrldÍ
iaÓridr m%ldYhla jQfhah hkakhs' mdl¾f.a lD;sh m<uqjrg m<jkqfha 1909 §h' ta
wkqj oykujk ishji wjidkfha yd úisjk ishji ysñÈßfha§ o uydjxY.; úch-
l=fõŒ mqrdjD;a;h ^tkï úch yd l=fõKshg odj Wmka orejkaf.ka jeÈ ckhd
mejf;kafkah hkak& jeÈ ckhd úiska hï uÜgulska m%Yak lsÍulg ,lalr we;s nj
fmfka' j¾:udkhg wod< úch-l=fõŒ mqrdjD;a;h ms<sfkd.ekSu fyda ta ms<sn| iel
my< lsÍu ;=< ksYaÑ; ft;sydisl wLKav;djla y÷kd.; fkdyels kuq;a úch rcq
meñfKk úg;a l=fõ‚h isáhdh hk ;¾lh mdl¾f.a hq.fha§ jeÈ ckhd úiska
bÈßm;a l< m%ldYhkag iumd; njla oel.; yelsfõ' jeÈ ckhd mdl¾f.a hq.h jk
úg tu m%ldYhka isÿ lrkakg we;af;a úch-l=fõŒ jeks ft;sydisl wdLHdkhka u;u
kej; mokïjh' wo Èk jeÈ m%cdj bÈßm;a lrk ;¾lkhka uQ,slj mdol jkafka
kQ;k mqrd úoHd;aul fidhd .ekSï mdoljh hkak meyeÈ,s i;Hhls' Tjqkaf.a m%ldY
;=<g Ysrdka oer‚h., jeks m%lg mqrd úoHd{hkaf.a kï we;=,;ajkq oel.; yelafla

9
fï wkqjh' wo Èk jk úg mqrd úoHdj yd wdY%s; YslaIkhka úiska wkdjrKh lr we;s
lreKq mokïj ˜b;sydih kej; m%;sks¾udkh˜ l< hq;= njg Ydia;%Sh l;sldjka f.dv
kef.ñka mj;S' fuu m%;sks¾udKh l< hq;= b;sydifha uQ,sl moku ielfikafka
uydjxY.; wdLHdkhkaf.ka f.ka Tíng Èjhk b;sydihla mej;s njg jk
mqrdúoHd;aulj wkdjr‚; ˜fN!;sl˜ idOlhkah' wo Èk wm w;r Èú f.jk jeÈ
ckhd wm f;areï .; hq;af;a ˜kQ.;a˜" —m%d:ñl˜ yd ˜.%duH˜ w¾:hkaf.ka fkdfõ'
kQ;k jeÈ ;reKhd yd ueÈ úfha miqjk mrïmrdj mdi,a wOHdmkh ,enQ" idlaIr;dj
iys;" cx.u ÿrl;k jeks w;s kùk ixksfõok WmlrK w; ork" ngysr ú,dis;djka
wkq.ukh lrk msßila fõ' Tjqkaf.a kdhlhska úfoaY iuq¿ i|yd iyNd.s jk w;r
ish m%cdj u; ie,lsh hq;= ixúOdk Yla;shla yd u;jd§uh wdêm;Hhlao mj;ajdf.k
hhs' jeÈ ckhd ms<sn|j m%udKd;aul fukau .=Kdkd;aul jYfhkao úYd, m%udKhla jQ
m¾fhaIK isÿj we;' tajd iudchSh úoHdjka yd udkj Ydia;%hkaf.a isg iajdNdúl
úoHdjka olajd mrdihl úys§ we;' úfYaIfhkau mqrdúoHdjg wod< kQ;k oekqqu
wdÈjdiSkaf.a bmer‚ njg úoHd;aul idlaIs imhñka isà' kdhlhska yd u;jd§uh
f,i jvd iú{d‚l m%cdj kQ;k b;sydih yd mqrd úoHdfõ l;sldjka yd wfkl=;a
m¾fhaIKd;aul ldrKd ms<sn|j oekqj;ah' úfYaIfhka oUdk .;aúg th jeÈ nj ms<sn|
flakaøhla f,i ixj¾ê;j we;' jeÈ kdhljrhdo uQ,sl;ajh f.k f.dv k.d we;s
˜wdÈjdiS ck Wreu flakaøh˜ w;s kQ;k udÈ,sfha rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkhl wdlD;sh
orhs' th wdÈjdiSkag mer‚ hq.h ;=< ˜wd.ka;=l˜ wdlD;shla jqj;a wo Èk Tjqkaf.a
ixialD;sh ms<sn| u;lhka ixrlaIKfha yd fl!;=ld.dr wdlD;sfhka m%o¾Ykfha ld¾h
isÿlrhs' ta ;=< Èiajkafka yqÿ ixrlaIK ld¾hhlska Tíng .sh ˜foaYmd,ksl˜ wruqKls'
jeÈ nj ixrlaIKh jeÈ kdhlhska Wfoid ish meje;afï w;HdjYH wx.hla njg
ks;e;ska m;afõ' ,xldj .;aúg wkkH;d idOlh u; b;d È.= l,la m%Odk ckjd¾.sl
lKavdhï oaú;ajh isú,a hqoaOhl kshe¨Kq rdcHhls' fï ksid" ,xldj ;=< N+ñfha
ysñldß;ajh ms<sn| l;sldj b;d m%uqL ldrKhla njg m;aù we;' N+ñfha ysñldß;ajh
yd bmer‚ nj hk ldrKd u; ;u ;ukg jdisodhl ldrKd W¨mamd olajñka isÿjk
idlÉPdjka yd m%pKav;ajhg nr újdohka ks;r w;aoelsh yel' kuq;a fuu
˜idlÉPdjka˜ fj; jvd fyd| fya;= idOl iys;j m%fõY úh yelafla jeÈ ckhd
fj;h' fuu wjia:dfjka m%fhdackhg .ekSu jeÈ kdhlhska úiska isÿl< wjia:djla
f,i úch l=fõŒ mqrdjD;a;h fjkqjg jvd mer‚ b;sydihlg ysñlï lSu w¾:
oelaúh yel' uydjxYh wêm;s weila ;=<ska W;amdÈ;hs' th i;H b;sydih yd m%nkaOh
hk ldrKd ñY%s; ,shú,a,ls ^u,a,sldrÉÑ 2011&' uydjxYh jeÈ ckhd ia:dms; lrkqfha
˜isxy,˜ njg my;sks' isxy, wêm;sjd§ wei ;=< ish iïNjh hï wvq ;,hl ia:dk.;
jk f,i wdLHdk .; lsÍu fj; m%;sfrdaë ùulao jeÈ ckhd uydjxY wdLHdkh
m%;slafIam lsÍu $ iellsÍu ;=< ksfhdackh fõ' fuu ldrKd oaú;ajhu ˜wdÈjdiS

10
foaYmd,khl˜ yev yqrejla cks; lrk nj meyeÈ,s jkafka u;jdofha ks¾udmlhka yd
m%p,s; lrkakka jkafka wdÈjdiS kdhlhska ùu Tiafiah'

Ydia;%Sh ;,fha§ yer isxy, iudch ish fmdÿ werUqu ms<sn|

úchdj;rK mqrdjD;a;h m%;s w¾:l;khlg .uka lsÍula w;a oelsh fkdyels kuq;a
jeÈ ckhd ish fmdÿ werUqu ms<sn| wLHdkhka m%;s w¾:l;kh lrkafka wehso hkak
.eg¨jla f,i yuqfõ' úúO rdcH wdh;k" wêldÍka yd rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk iuÕ
jeÈ kdhlhska .kqfokq lrhs' Tjqka tys§ fmkS isákqfha jeÈ m%cdfõ Ndrlrejka
f,isks' fuu wka;¾l%shdjka ;=<§ Tjqka fj; tla;ekajk n,h yd wdêm;H mer‚
mkakfha f.da;%sl wlD;sfha n,h yd wdêm;Hu f,i y÷kd .; fkdyel' tu kdhl;aj
n,h yd wdêm;H" kQ;kfha§ idïm%odhsl wdlD;sfhka Tíng f.dia úêu;a njg m;ajkq
ksÍlaIKh l< yel' jeÈ kdhljrhdg ^yd m%dfoaYSh kdhlhskag Bg wvq;r uÜgñka&
foaYmd,k wêldßfha by< mqoa.,hska iuÕ iDcq in|;d mj;S' iudchSh lafIa;%fha§
m%N+;ajh ksfhdackh fkdlrk fldgilg fujeks by< m%N+ka yd in|;d we;s lr
.ekau wmyiqh' jeÈ kdhlhkah hk ixfla;Sh jákdlu u; Tjqkag fuu iudc
;;a;ajh ysñj we;' fï ;=< Tjqka ;uqka úchg yd l=fõ‚hg odj Wmka ore
fofokdf.ka mejf;k nj lshk uydjxY wdLHdkh neyer lrkafka wehs@ isxy,hka
iuÕ" úfYaIfhka isxy, m%N+;ajh iuÕ ;u mrmqrg we;s ˜lsÜgq in|;djh˜ ksrEmKh
flfrk uyd jxY wdLHdkh m%;s wdLHdk.; lrkafka wehs@

fuu ;;ajh úia;r l< yelafla miq.sh oYl lsysmh ;=< ,xldj
uqyqKfok foaYmd,ksl jg msgdj Tiafiah' isxy, yd fou< ckjd¾.sl lKavdhï w;r
m%;S>;sl j oefjk ckjd¾.sl w¾nqofha mdou jkafka kscìu ms<sn| ixl,amhhs' by;
olajd we;s jeÈ nj jvd Yla;su;a ;,hlg f.k hdug kscìu ms<sn| ixl,amh biau;=
ùu jeo.;a fõ' fuu ixl,amh m%cdj ;=< úirKh ùu yryd m%cdfõ ixila;sh
j¾Okhgo" úfYaIfhka fmdÿ werUqu ms<sn| wêm;s wei úiska iïmdÈ; m%jdohka
fjkqjg iajdëk m%jdohka ks¾udKh ùu yryd m%cdfõ wNsudkh yd taldnoaO;djh
Yla;su;a ùuo jeÈ kdhlhska n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkakg we;' fï wkqj wmg fmkS hk
ldrKhla jkafka úch-l=fõŒ mqrdjD;a;h neyer lsÍu Tiafia jeÈ kdhlhska ishqï
f,i foaYmd,k m%fõYhlska wêm;s ckj¾. fj; m%;sfrdaë m%fõYhla fukau Tjqkaf.a
m%N+ka iuÕ mj;ajk by< uÜgfï in|;d Tiafia taldnoaO;djhlao f,i m%;S>;sl
in|;djla mj;ajdf.k hk njhs'

úfYaIfhkau th wêm;s uydjxY wdLHdkhka Tiafia ;uqka ia:rdhkuh

fkdjQj;a m%Njh u; my< ia:dkhl ;eîu fkdbjiSuls' th wkkH;djfha yev;,
kj wdldrhlska m%;sksYamdokh lsÍuls' isxy, iudch iuÕ in|;dj m%;s ks¾jpkh
lsÍuls' ;j;a w;lg ish wkkH;dj jvd W¨mamd oelaùfï;a" kQ;k w¾nQoldÍ l;sldj

11
;=< ish ia:dkh ia:dms; lsÍfï;a W;aidyhls' ;j;a w;lg .;fyd;a isxy, ckjd¾.sl
m%N+ka iuÕ wdÈjdiS;ajh yryd jvd by< uÜgfï .kqfokqjlg hdu fjkqfjka
isÿlrkq ,nk m%ldYhla f,i o ie,lsh yel'

jeÈ ckhdf.a fuu m%jdoh ms<sn|j wêm;s l;sldj m<lrkqfha ksYal%Sh

m%;spdrhls' th ne£ ;sfnkafka fujeks m%jdohka Tiafia ;ukg isÿjk n,mEfï
m%udKh u;h' b;d iSñ; ckfldgila f,i jeÈ ckhd ish fmdÿ werUqu jvd
ÿrd;S;hg f.k hdu isxy, wdêm;Hhg ;¾ckhla jkafka ke;' jeÈ nj yd isxy, nj
ft;sydisl in|;d .yk" iuyr wjia:dj,§ ckjd¾.slj ñY% fjñka f.dvke.=Kq"
fndfyda úg ckjd¾.sl;ajh ms<sn| ms<s.;a kHdhka Tiafia fjka lsÍug wmyiq ixlS¾K
wkkH;d oaú;ajhla fõ' flfia jqj;a úch l=fõŒ m%;swdLHdkh úiska f.dvk.k
m%;sfrdaë wkkH;dj Tiafia jeÈ ckhd yd isxy, ckhd w;r mr;rh mq¨,a lsÍug
W;aidy f.k we;' tfiau fuu wdLHdkh jeä jYfhka fiajh lrkqfha wdÈjdiS;ajh
ms<sn| ixl,amh fj;hs' ukao wo Èk jeÈ ckhd y÷kajk —ú,dis;duh˜ kduh
wdÈjdiSka hkakhs' úch-l=fõŒ taldnoaO;djfhka ish ìysùu ms<s.ekSu ;=<ska
wdÈjdiS;ajh ms<sn| ixl,amh o w¾nqohg .uka lrjhs' wdÈjdiS;ajh hkq f,dj mqrd
l%shdYS,Sj lghq;= lrk ixl,amhls' ta ;=< wêm;s ckjd¾.sl n,mEï hï uÜgulska
md,kh lsÍulao" iudchSh m¾hka;h ksfhdackh flfrk iuyr m%cdjka fj;
wdrlaIdjla o mek kexù we;' tfy;a jeo.;a ldrKh jkafka wdÈjdiSka nyq;rh È.=
l,l isá oek isá wdLHdkh úch-l=fõŒ mqrdjD;a;j ùuhs' thu fmkakqï lrkafka
jeÈ nj u; isxy, uyd iïm%odh oelajQ wdêm;Hfha m%udKhhs' tkï fmdÿ iïNjh
ms<sn| ish wdLHdkh jeÈ ckhd fj; ks¾udKh lr § we;af;a isxy, uyd iïm%odh
ksfhdackh lrk uydjxYhhs'

ks.uk

jeÈ ck kdhlhska yd Tjqkaf.a wdNdIh ,;a lKavdhï úch-l=fõŒ wdLHdkh

m%;slafIam lsÍu fyda ielhg Ndckh lsÍu uQ,sl jYfhka m%;sfrdaë wkkH;d
wdlD;shla ms<sìUqq lrhs' fuu ldrKh Tiafia ;j ÿrg;a meyeÈ,s jkafka jeÈ ckhd
isxy, ckjd¾.sl wkkH;djfhka hï lsis mr;rhlska ;ju;a msysgk njhs'
úfYaIfhka jeÈ nj wfydaisùu ms<sn|j mj;sk ckm%sh u;h fjkqjg wmg b.s
imhkqfha ckjd¾.sl fyda iudk ,laIK ork wkkH;d yeÕSï jeÈ ckhd ;=< mj;sk
njhs' flfia fj;;a jeÈ ckhdf.a ckjd¾.sl wkkH;djfha bÈß yev .eiSï ms<sn|j
Yla;su;a mqfrdal;khla isÿl< yelafla ckjd¾.sl wkkH;d i|yd mdol jk wfkl=;a
idOlhka iuÕ taldnoaO úYaf,aIKhla Tiafiah' th fuu m;%sldjg m%ia;+; jQ úIh
mrdifhka msg; mj;s;akla jk w;r fuu úYaf,aIKh ta i|yd laIqø odhl;ajhla
iïmdokh lrkq we;'

12
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