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wkqj yeisfruq'
oa

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;sf,da.=re ;:d.;hdKka jykai"

tf,i wdrN fuf,i wjika jk
wmg ,e we;s Ou plalmamj;a;k iQ;%
foaYkdjg .; jkafka kd 7-10 la
muK jQ ld,hls' tod bism;fka O
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m[a[jka;dkx whx Ofud - kdhx Ofud mam[a[dKx - nqys

nqoyu m%{djka;hska i|yd i w{dKhska i|yd fkdf'

;sf,da.r
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njg m;a fldg f.k ;sfnk Tn jykafiaf.a foaYkd
;=,k
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Ou pla l ma m j;a ; k iQ ; % foa Y kdf

l;udp Ns l a L q mGOd;= wd
jYfhka Od;= Nx. iQ;f
% ha .%y l<
wdldrhg fuu fYa I we;s Ou
pla l ma m j;a ; k iQ ; % f ha yS f kd hkq
l=ulao ^l;fudp NslaLfj ySfkd @&
hkd jYfhka yS f kd" .fud
fmd:q c ks f ld - wkfhd - wk;a ;
ixys f ;d hk Ou;d Nx. fldg
fyj;a .% y fldg ola j d fkdue;'
tfia u pla L q l rKS - \K lrKS jqmiudh - wNs[\
a h - ifndOdh ksndkdh wd Ou;d muKla fkdj
;smjg - oajdoidldr wd Ou;d
lsij
s la .%y fldg Nx. fldg olajd
ke;'

fuu Ou;d .%y fldg ^fjhHdlrK

fldg& oelau wh;a jkafka iQ;% foaYkdjl
Nx. fldGdYhghs' tu Nx. Ou
fldgdYh wo wmg ,e we;s Ou
pla l ma m j;a ; k iQ ; % foa Y kdjg wh;a
fkdjk neka Ou plalmamj;a;k iQ;%
foaYkdjg .; jkafka kd 7-10 muK
ld,hls' iQ;% foaYkdj, i|yka Woafoai
fldgi foi n,k g Ou
plalmamj;a;k iQ;% foaYkdf Woafoai
fldgig > ld,hla .; jk nj fmfka'
Od;= Nx. iQ;% foaYkdf .;jkafka
kd 1-2 la muK ld,hls' f wkqj
Ou plalmamj;a;k iQ;% foaYkdf Nx.
fldgi > u i;Hhls' ^kd 7-10&
tg fuu Ou pla l ma m j;a ; k iQ ; %
foaYkdj m%:u ix.dhkdf > ksldhg
we;=,a jkakg we;' tfia fkdue;s k
fid Yd, jeo.;alula we;s wk>

WNh f,dalfha i;Hh .%y lrK W;=

fY%aIaG foaYkdj wksjdhfhkau m%:u
ix.dhkdf uCu ksldhg we;=,a
jka k g we;' th uQ , mhdh iQ ; %
foaYkdjg;a jvd jeo.;a foaYkdjla jk
neks'

wd;a; mhdh iQ;% foaYkdj hk iQ;% ;=k

muKs' tu iQ;% ;=, nqka jykafia jod<
Ouh;a" kh;a ix.%y ;snQ neka uyd
ix.S;sldrl uyry;ka jykafia,d m%:u
ix.dhkdf kh ms g lhgo Ou
plalmamj;a;k iQ;% foaYkdj we;=,a l<y'

tfy;a wo fuh we;= , a fldg

;sfnkafka jeh Nd;d fkdjk ixhq;a;
ksldhgh' fuu fY%aIaG foaYkdf b;d
jeo.;a Nx. fldgi lmd oeuQ wh fuh
ixhq;a; ksldfha uq,a,lg weo oukakg
we;' tmuKla fkdj we;e Ou;d
lD;s fldg olajd we;' ta ms<n
s | fojkqj
ui'

;sf,da.=re ;:d.;hdKka jykai" Tn

jykafia jlal,S NslI
a j
q g l< wkqidikdj
jk fhd Oux miai;s fid ux miai;s
hk Wmfoi wkq.ukh lrka wod< iQ;%
foa Y kd ;= , s k a wmg ,e we;s Ou
plalmamj;a;k iQ;% foaYkdf Nx.
fldgi fkdue;s nj wjfndaO lr .;s'
tu.s k a i;H .fIKfha fhoS
ipdkq r la L Kh i|yd ta l dka ;
ks . ukhlg
fkdmeK
Ou
plalmamj;a;k iQ;% foaYkdjg Nx.
fldgila ;snQ nj Tn jykafia fojk
jrg;a Ou plalmamj;a;k iQ;% foaYkdj
meje;ajQ nj m%ldY lrk ip Nx. iQ;%
foaYkdfjka wkdjrKh lr .;s' tfiau
p;= wdh i;Hh yd wkdh p;=ii
a ;Ho
orAYkh lsug yels h' tneka wmf.a
,. idlPdj i|yd tu ip Nx.
iQ;% foaYkdj mok lr .uq'

kh msglhg uq,gu fhdod

.;af;a Ou plalmamj;a;k
iQ;% foaYkdjhs'
inq o a O
mks jdkfhka
f;uilg miq meje;s mkaih
s hla uyd
ry;ka jykafia,d muKla iyNd.s jQ
m%:u ix.dhkdf ix.dhkd lf<a
Ouh;a " kh;a muKs ' tys
wNsOuhla ix.dhkd fldg fkdue;'
^kh ms g lfha pQ , a , j.a . md,s f ha
m[ap i;sllaLkaOh n,kak'& tys
Ouh i|yd wdkkao yshkq;a kh
i|yd Wmd,s yshkq;a m%Odk ia:dkhla
f.k lsh
% d fldg we;'
fuys kh msglfha uyd j.a.h
ieliSug uq,gu fhdod we;af;a Ou
plalmamj;a;k iQ;% foaYkdjhs' tyso
Nx.h ola k g ke;' kh ms g lhg
iuka; mdidld k jQ wG l:dj ,shf
q ha
nqoO
a f>daI mjrhdh' ^;snQ .%k:
a h md,shg
mj;kh lf<a nq o a O f>da I nuq K q
mjrhd nj isyf
s ha ;nd .kq uek'&

Ou kh k jQ nqoyu ;=, khla

f.dvke.Sug Wmld lr f.k ;sfnkafka
iQ;% ;=kls' tk Ou plalmamj;a;k iQ;%
foaYkdj wk;a; ,laLk iQ;% foaYkdj yd

Ou .=re

nqka jod< Ouh

wiuq - oruq - ta
wkqj yeisfruq'
p;= wdh i;Hhdf.a Ou;d
i;

:d.f;k Ns l a L fj wry;d
iud inq o a f Ok ndrdKiS h x
bism;fk .odfh wkq;a;rx Ou
plalx mj;a;s;x''''''' hox p;=kakx
wh ipdkx 1' wdlaLkd
2'
foikd 3' m[a[mkd 4' mGmkd 5'
jrKd 6' Nckd
7'
W;a;dkslux' ^ip Nx. iQ;%h uCu ksldh 3&

Y%djlhsks" Nd.Hj;a wry;a iud

inq o a O hka is k a nrKei bis m ;fka
.odfha wkq;a;r Ou plalmamj;a;k
iQ;% foaYkdj m%j;kh lroa ^foaYkd
lroa& p;= wdh i;Hdf.a 1' wdlaLk
2' foaik
3' m[a[mk 4'
mGmk 5' jrK
6' Nck yd 7'
W;a;dkslu Ou;d meye,s lrk ,'
;sf,da.r
= e nqka jykai" wo wmg ,e we;s
Ou plalmamj;a;k iQ;% foaYkdf fuu
Ou;d i; we;=,;a fkdue;' tys
oelafjkafka bfuiq p;=iq wh ifpiq
tjx ;smjgx oajdoidldrx jYfhks' Tn
jyka f ia f .a fjk;a foa Y kd ;= , s k a
;smjgh ^lsf,ijg lujgh yd
mdl jgh } [a\Kh& ls%hd;aul
jkafka wkdh ka;kh ;=,h' iajdka
jykai" i;Hh fidhd hk wmg fuh
.egjls ' fuu .egjo iod fokq
uek'
$$

uxik

cfk;a;s tjx idmq;af;d - cd;iai wdmdfo;d tjx fLd fud.a.,a,dfkd - nqys

idmq;a; orejd m%iQ; lrk uj nh' fud.a.,a,dk tu orejd fmdaIKh fldg
yodjvd .kakd mshd nh' f l=ulaoehs kqjKska uiuq'

;sf,da.=re Nd.Hj;=ka jykai" ip Nx. iQ;%

foaYkdf oelafjk wdlaLk - foaik - m[a[mk mgmk - jrK - Nck - W;a;dkslu Ou;d
f Ou plalmamj;a;k iQ;% foaYkdf olakg
fkdue;' fya;=j l=ulao @ - 2
;s

f,da.r
= e nqka jykafia" tod jlal,S
NslaIqjg l< wkqidikdj tu NslaIqjg
muKla fkdj m[a\Gdkh fmroe jQ
i;r wIaGdkfha i;sh msyg
s j
q d lsh
% d lrK
ishu wdh ud..; Y%djlhska i|yd
l< nqoaOdkqidikdjla nj wjfndaO lr
.;s' tu wjfndaOh irK lr .kska
i;Hh fidhd h'
Ou plal mj;a;k hkafka w:h
fohdldr wkdh yd wdh ka;k ud.h
;=, m%j;kh jk ^fmrf<k& pl%fha
iajNdjh fyj;a Ou;djh hkak nj
ols' tneka W;a;r Ou pl%h yd
wkq;a;r Ou pl%h jYfhka Ou plal
folla mj;a k d njo ols ' wkdh
ka;kh W;a;r Ou pl%h jYfhkq;a
wdh ka;kh ;=, wkq;a;r Ou pl%h
jYfhkq;a oelaf' W;a;r Ou pl%hg
wr 12 la ^fod<ila& we;' th fmrf,k
wdh Ou
fyj;a mj;kh f'
th
pl%hg we;af;a wr wgls' ^8&
m%j;kh fkdf' wdh ka;kh wh
f' ^hla fuka .uka fkdflf' wkdh
ka ; kh hla fuka .uka lrhs '
is;
= ,sOdrd .e,Su we;a; jYfhka k l<
hq ; a f ;a h ls h dh' tfy;a wkdh

ka;kh ykajkafka wkh jYfhks'

wh fkdjkafka wkh lshdh'
fuu wkdh yd wdh ka;k ud.
fol ms<sn| Nx. lsula fyj;a .%y
lsula ^fjhHdlrK lsula& tod is h'
Ou plalmamj;a;k iQ;% foaYkdj u.ska
wkdh ka;k ud.fhka uqla; u
i|yd [a\Kh ksfrdaO lrk l%uho
meye,s l< fial' wfkla lsisu iQ;%
foaYkdjl fkdoelafjk ,laIKhla fuu
Ou plal mj;a;k iQ;% foaYkdf olakg
we;' tk tu foaYkdf Yo ;rx.
wcgdldYh f;la .uka l< j.hs' ^w.ksgd
n%yu
a f,dalh& thska meye,s lrkafka tu
Yo ;rx. wcgdldY .; l< j.hs' th
nqka jykafiag muKla iqfYaI jQ hul
mdySr \Kfhka is l< yelalls' tu
Yo ;rx. tys fjk;a Yo ;rx.
fkdue;s neka fkdfjkia j meje;a u
i|ydh' Wkajykafia th tfia is lf<a
fuu iQ ; % foa Y kdf f,!ls l yd
f,daflda;a;r hk WNh ka;kh ms<sn|
nqoO
a oYkh tys wka;.;j we;s neks'
ta ;=, nqoaO ka;kh judkj mj;S' tu
W;a ; ;r foa Y kdj wkq n q ys
udysmdKka jykafia wm rgg odhdo l<;a

wo wm rg ;=, fkdue;' wo wmg ,e

we;af;a lmd fldgd lD;s l< Ou plal
mj;a;k iQ;% foaYkdjls' ta nj ikd: ug
ksoiqka lSmhla wmg ,nd .; yelafla ip
Nx. iQ;% foaYkdfjks' tneka fu;eka
isg wms ip Nx. iQ;% foaYkdjg ijka
tys .e we;s Ou lreKq lSmhla
kqjKska uxikh lruq'

Ou pla l mj;a ; k iQ ; % h
fojk jrg;a foa Y kd lf<a
ukaoehs uiuq'
tlx iuhx N.jd ndrdKiS h x
yr;s bism;fk .odfh ;;%fLd
N.jd NslL
a q wdukaf;is' ^ip Nx.
iQ;h
% - uCu ksldh - 3&
tla;rd wjia:djl ;:d.;hdKka
jyka f ia nrKei bis m ;fka .odfha
jevjdih lrk g NslaIQka wu;d fufia
jod< fial'

Ns l a I q k S " ;:d.; wry;a iud

inqoO
a hdKka iska f nrKei bism;fka
.odfha fuf;la f,dj fonUqka wE
lsisfjl= iska fkdjod< wkq;a;r Ou
pl%h foaYkd lrk ,' fuh Y%jKh lsu
i|yd ;sf,da.=re nqka jykafiag ijka

fouq'
;:d.f;k NslL
a fj wry;d iud
inq o a f Ok ndrdKiS h x bis m ;fk
.odfh wkq ; a ; rx Oupla l x
mj;a;s;x wmam;sj;a;shx iufKkjd
n%dyaufKkjd''''''''' flkjd f,dliax"
hox p;=kk
a x wh ipdkx
1'
wdlaLkd 2' foikd 3' m[a[mkd 4'
mGmkd 5' jrKd 6' Nckd 7'
W;a;dkslux' ^ip Nx. iQ;%h uCu ksldh 3&

Y% d jlhs k s ;:d.; wy;a iud

inqoaOhdKka iska nrKei bism;fka
.odfha fuf;la f,dj lsisu Y%uKfhla
n%dyauKfhla fyda fjk;a lsifs jl= iskj
a ;a
fkdjod< wkq;;
a r Ou pl%h m%ldY lrk
,' ta l=ulaoh;a p;= wdh i;Hdf.a 1'
wdlaLk 2' foik
3'
m[a[mk 4' mGmk 5' jrK
6'
Nck 7' W;a;dkslu hk Ou;djkah'
fuys lD;s fldg we;s fldgi w;ayer
nqka jykafia jod< b;s fldgig kej;
ijka fouq'
fifj: Ns l a L fj idmq ; a ;
fud.a.,a,dfkNc: NslL
a fj idmq;;
a
fud.a . ,a , dfk mKa ;d Ns l a L q
wkq.a.dyld n%yaupdkx fihH:dms
NslaLfj cfk;a;s tjx idmq;af;d
fihH:dms cd;iai wdmdfo;d tjx fLd
fud.a.,a,dfkd idmq;af;d NslaLfj
fid;dm;a ; s
Mf,fk;s '
fud.a . ,a , dfkd
W;a ; u;a f :
idmq;f
a ;d NslL
a fj mfyd;s p;a;d
wh ipdks ;a:dfrk wdla;=x fofi;=x - m[a\fm;=x - mGfm;=x
- j;=x - N;=x - W;a;dks ld;=k;
a 's
^tu ip Nx. iQ;h
% &
NslaIQKs" iehq;a" uq.,ka fiajkh
lrkak' Nckh lrkak' ^Nckd > Nckd&

n% y a u phdf ^wdh ka ; kfha &

yeis f rkjq k a g iehq ; a mKa ;fhls '
uq.,ka wkq.y
% h olajkafkls' ta flfiaoh;a
iehq;a orejd yslrk uj nh' uq.,ka
tu orejd fmdaIKh lrk yodjvd .kakd
ms h d nh' Y% d jlhs k s " iehq ; a wdh
Y%djlhd fida;dm;a;s M,fha msysgqjhs'
uq.,ka wy;aa M,fha msyg
s j
q hs' wdh i;H
i;f wdlaLk wd Ou;d i; ia;r
lsug iehq;a iu: f'
fuu is h u .% y hka kq j Ks k a
uid n,k i;H .fIS wdh
Y%djlhdg ;sf,da.=re nqka jykafia
iehq ; a uq . ,ka jYfhka fmka j d
fokafka Ouh;a kh;a nj ukdj
oYkh f' iehq;a hkafkka Ouh;a"
uq.,ka hkafkka kh;a fmkajd fok fial'
ta wkqj Ou plal mj;a;k iQ;% foaYkdj
;=, ;sfa ,da.r
= e nqka jykafia jod< Ouh;a
kh;a wvx.= we;s nj fuu .%yh
u.s k a wkdjrKh flf' tk m% k
\Kfhka o; hq;= Ou;d oelSu;a - m%K
\Kfhka my l<hq ; = Ou;d m% y S k
lsu;a - m%k \Kfhka Nd;d l<hq;=
Ou;d Nd;d lsu;a - m%k \Kfhka
m%;sfO lghq;= Ou;d m%;sfO lsu;a
.%y flf'
wNs[f
a [hHx wNs[[
a d;x Ndfj;n[ap Nd;x
myd;nx mySkxfu ;iaud nqof
a Odia n%dyauK
^fi, iQ;%h - iq;a; ksmd;&

uyd i<dh;ksl iQ;% foaYkdf fuu

Ou;d i;r fufia oelaf'
l;fuj NslL
a fj Oud wNs[\
a
m[af[hHd@ m[ap WmdodklaLkaOd
;sii
a jpkShx' rEm WmdodklaLkafOd''''
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NslL
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a
myd;nd @
wcdp Nj ;Ka y dp" l;fuj

NslL
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a
Ndfj;nd'
iuf:dp miaikdp ^oiaikd mqn
iuf:d& l;fuj Ns l a L fj Oud
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Ou;d fudkjdo @ rEm" fokd" i[a\"
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hk
m[a p
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woHdj;a" Nj ;Kaydj;a nj o; hq;h
= 's
Y%djlhsk"s m%k \Kfhka Nd;d l< hq;=
Ou;d fudkjdo @ oiaikdj mQj jQ
iu: Ndjkd nj o; hq;h
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\Kfhka m%;HlaI fldg m%;sfOhg m;a
h hq ; = Ou;d fudkjdo@ oHdj;a
uql;
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s ;a nj o; hq;h
= 's

wmg ,e we;s Ou plal mj;a;k

iQ;%fha Woafoai fldgfia Nd;d l< hq;=
Ou;djh fufia oelaf' laL ksfrdO
.d mmod wh ipx Ndfj;nka;s
fu Nd;ka;s' ^fuys wdh wGx.sl
ud.h Nd;d l< nj oela f ' tys
oiaikd mQj iu:h we;'& tfy;a wo
wmg ,e we;s Ou plal mj;a;k iQ;%
foaYkdf fuu Ou;d lsisjla Nx.
fldg olajd fkdue;' tu .%y lsu
^fjhHdlrK ls u& wh;a jka f ka
Woafoaihg fkdj Nx. fldgighs' th
wmg ,e we;s Ou plal mj;a;k iQ;%
foaYkdf w;=reoka fldg ;sf' ^kdY
fldg ;s f '& tneka i;H .fIK
ud.h wjfndaO lr .ekSu Ialr f'
oeka wms Ou plal mj;a;k iQ;%
foaYkdj fojk jrg;a foaYkd lsug
fya;= kqjKska uid n,uq' fuu Ou
plal mj;a;k iQ;% foaYkdj yer fjk;a
foa Y kdjla kej; foa Y kd l< njg
;s%msgl.; iQ;% wkqidrfhka fidhd .;

fkdyel' Noafoalr;a; iQ;% foaYkdj

muKla k i;rls k a tlu iQ ; %
foaYkdj olajd we;' thg fya;j
= fuu
idlPdjg miq uid n,uq'
tod m<uqjrg Ou plal mj;a;k
iQ ; % foa Y kdj is l< wjia : df th
Y%jKh lf<a fldKav[a[ wd jQ NslaIQka
miafokd muKs' fuu iQ;% foaYkdf we;s
jeo.;alu ksid;a" wfkla NslaIQkaf.a
oek.ekS u i|yd;a fojk jrl
bism;khg nqka jykafia jevu l< g
fuu w;S ; is o a h is y s m ;a fldg
wks j dhfhka u kej;;a Ou pla l
mj;a;k iQ;% foaYkdj is l< nj ukdj
meye,s f' th tfia is lf<a fuu Ou
pla l mj;a ; k iQ ; % foa Y kdj ;= <
i;HdjfndaOh yd i;Hdkqm%dma;sh i|yd
wjYH Ouh;a" kh;a wvx.= ;sfnk
neks'
fhd buiax Ou kfh wmamu;af;d yiai;s
mydh cd;s ixidrx laLiaika;x liai;s
^uyd mksndk iQ;h
% - > ksldh&
hfula ldufhka u;a fkd wm%udoj
f Ou kfha yeisfrkafka k ;a;
ika ; dkfha bms o ixirKh jk l
fl<jr lrkafkah'
fhd fLd wdkkao uhd Ofudp
kfhdp fois f ;d m[a [ ;a f ;d
fidfjd uupfhk i;a : d;s ' ^uyd
mksndk iQ;h
% - > ksldh&

wdkkaoh uiska h Ouhla foaYkd

fldg ;sfo h khla mkjd ;sfo
udf.a mksjdkfhka miq tu Ouh;a
kh;a kqU,df.a Ydia;Djrhd jkafkah'
Ouh;a kh;a nqoO
a k f' by; oelajQ
ip Nx. iQ;% foaYkdf mdGh wkqjo
ol=K;ai iehq;a Ou k f' ju;ai
4 jk msgj
q g

uq.,ka kh f' iehq;a uq.,ka nqka

jykafiaf.a ol=K;ai ju;ai jkafka f
wdldrfhks' ta wkqidrfhkao Ouh;a
kh;a nqoO
a k f'
Ou plal mj;a;k iQ;% foaYkdf
Woafoai fldgiska Ouh;a Nx. fldgiska
ud.h fyj;a kh;a .%y flf' fuys
Nx. fldgi w;=reoka fldg iqoa
ud.h kka nqoaOf>daI nuqKq m;=ud
;ukag wjYH n%yaud.uh i|yd we;s
WmksIoa ud.h olajd we;' thg Oq;x.
ksofa oai - luGdk ksofa oaY we;=,a fldg
;sfnkafka tneks'

fojkjr foaYkd l< Ou plal

mj;a;k iQ;% foaYkdj ip Nx.
iQ;% foaYkdfjka wmg fkd,efnkafka
ukaoehs uid n,uq'
fojk wjia:df bism;khg jevu
l< ;:d.;hdKka jykafia Ou plal
mj;a;k iQ;%h fuys foaYkd l< nj
m%ldY fldg tu.ska bm;a l< jeo.;a
Ou;djhla m<uqfjkau i|yka l< fial'
tk p;= k a k x wh ipdkx
wdla L kd- foa i kd - m[a [ mkd mGmkd - jrKd - Nckd W;a ; dks l ud fifj: Ns l a L fj
idmq;;
a fud.a.,a,dfk Nc: NslL
a fj
idmq;a; fud.a.,a,dfk' ^tu ip
Nx. iQ;h
% & tk p;=rdh i;Hdf.a
wdlaLk wd Ou;d i;h' iehq;a yd
uq.,ka fiajkh lrkak' Nckh lrkak'
lshkafka Ouh;a kh;a weiqre lsug
yd Nckh lsugh' tu Ou;d Ou plal
iQ;%fha ;snqKs'
fufia p;= wdh i;Hhka ms<sn|
Ou;d i; i|yka fldg iehq;"a uq.,ka
fiajkh lsug yd Nckh lsug lSf
Ou pla l mj;a ; k iQ ; % foa Y kdf
oela f jk Ouh;a ^iehq ; a & kh;a
^fud.a.,a,dk& weiqre lsu yd Nd;d

lsu w;HdjYH neks' mixf lska

uqla; ug [a\Kh ksfrdaO lsf
ud.h Ou pla l mj;a ; k iQ ; %
foaYkdfjka fmkajd fok neks' iehq;a
mKa ;fhla " uq . ,ka wkq . % d ylfhla
jYfhka fmka j d foka f ka Oufhka
^iehq;a& wjfndaOh ,ndu;a kfhka
^uq.,ka& m%dfhda.sl mqyqKqj ,nd foka
wkq.%yh olajk nj;ah' tfiau Ouh
^iehq;&a orejd m%i;
Q lrk uj nh' kh
^uq.,ka& orejdg wdydrmdk wd wjYH;d
imhka tu orejd ;kk mshd n hhs
jod< fial'
tfiau Ouh ^iehq;a& fida;dm;a;s
Mf,a ;nkjd lshkafka ud.djfndaOh
,ndu is lrk njhs' uq.,ka ^kh&
W;a:u;af: lshkafka wy;a M,h olajd
mqyqKqj ,nd foka uqla;sh lrd fufyh
jkafka kh ud.h njhs' tfiau Ouh
u.ska ^iehq;a& by; i|yka l< p;=
wdh i;Hhdf.a Ou;d i; meye,s
lru isjk njo wjika jYfhka m%ldY
fldg Ou plal mj;a;k iQ;% foaYkdj
ms<n
s |j tod /iaj is NslI
a k
Q a jykafia,d
tu foaYkh weiSug fm<Uu ^ioaOd
cdhf;d Wmixlu;s& is lf<a Wkajykafia
;sf,da.=reu jk neks' .=rejrfhl= iska
b.eka ug fmr ta i|yd Ys I Hhs k a
fm<Uu is l< hq;=h' olaI .=rejrhdg
l< yelafla;a l< hq;af;a;a YsIHhskaf.a
uki ;=, b.kSug udkisl mirhla
f.dvke.Su muKs' tu.ska b.kSu isf'
fuys tod /iaj is Ou plal mj;a;k
iQ;% foaYkdj fkdweiQ NslaIq iuQyhdf.a
udkisl mirh ilia lsfuka miq fid;x
Toy;s
Ouhg
weyq lka u
ksrdhdifhkau is f'
oeka f NslaIq iuQyhd mq, mq,d n,d
is ka f ka ; a " wjOdkh fhduq lrf.k
iskafka;a i;sh fmroe lrf.k iud
i;sfhka is; wj lrf.k iud iudhg

m;aj Ouh weiSug ^tl& talx. is;la

we;sj iud.;j iskafka;a Ouplal
foaYkh weiSugh' tg ;sf,da.=re nqka
jykafia lf<a l=ulao @ f iQ;%h ;=,
,.g fufia olajd we;' boufjdp
N.jd boxj;ajd iq.f;d WGdhdikd
ydrx mdis' ^tu ip Nx. iQ;h
% uCu ksldh 3&
Ou plal mj;a;k iQ;% foaYkdj
ms<sn|j fun .%yhla fldg tf,i
mjid Nd.Hj;a iq.;hdKka jykafia yqka
wiqfkka ke.S ydrhg je fial'

;=kaf,dald.% .=rejrfhl= jQ nqka

jyka f ia fufia l<dhhs Tn
is;kafkyso @
;sf,da.=re nqka jykafia ldml k
jQ nq o a u;a ;reKhdg fmka j d ka
oa j doidldr i;Hdjfnda O ud.fha
oelafjk m ioaOd cdf;d Wmixlu;s
Wmixluf;d
mhq r emdi;s
mhqremdikaf;d fid;x Toy;s - Toys;
fidf;d Oux iqkd;s' wd jQ ufkdauh
mirh ieliSu is fldg tu Ou plal
mj;a;k iQ;%h foaYkd fkdfldg yqka
wiafkka ke.S ydrhg jevu l<d hhs
mejeiSu nqka jykafia jod< Ouh ;=,k
s a
nqka gq lsisfjla Yajdi lrkafka ke;'
ms < s . ka f ka o ke;' fuh nq .= K h
fkdf' fuh ish fkdyelalls'
fuk ;sf,da.=re nqka jykafiaf.a
taldhk mrud:h jQfha fuu fY%aIaG;u
foaYkdj jk Ou plal mj;a;k iQ;%h
fkdweiQ kjl NslI
a Q iuQyhdg th weiSug
ie,eiauhs' tneka tu iQ;% foaYkdf
jeo.;alu WoafoaYh jYfhka bm;a
fldg kej; Ou plal mj;a;k iQ;%h
fuys foaYkd l< fial' yqkiafkka ke.S
ydrhg fkdje fial' wmg th uekka
oYkh f'

ip Nx. iQ;h
% fufia lD;s
lf<a wehs @ th lf<a ljqreka
isko
a ehs uiuq'
Ou plal mj;a;k iQ;% foaYkdf
Nx. fldgi lmd yer Woafoai fldgio
lD;s fldg kj Ou plal mj;a;k
iQ;%hla ilia l< neka ip Nx.
iQ;%fhkao th lmd yeug wjYH jQ ksid
nqka jykafia fufia mjid yqkiafkka ke.S
ydrhg je fialehs i|yka fldg we;'
bkamiq Tjqka iska ilia l< Nx.
fldgi iehq;a udysmdKka iska jod<
wdldrhg ip Nx. iQ;%fha olajd we;'
tneka fojk jr jod< Ou pla l
mj;a ; k iQ ; % foa Y kdjo wmf.a
;sm
% g
s lfhka ioygu w;=reoka lf<ah'
we;a; jYfhkau fuh fufia lf<a wka
ljfrl=j;a fkdj iqoa u.a.hla ilia
fldg th nqka jykafia jod< uql;
a s u.
fyj;a ksjka u.hhs f,djg lshd mE
nqoaOf>daI kka fjiaj,d meKs nuqKq
mjrhd iska nj fkdhj m%ldY lr'
fuf,i m%ldY lrkafka Ouh ;=,k
s a olsk
neks'
Tyq wm rgg ;=frl= jYfhka meKs
y;=frls' tf;la nuqKkaf.a nuqKq oyu
fyj;a WmksIoa oyu iu Y% fkd
nqoyu msisj meje;sfha wmf.a rg ;=,
muKla nj idik b;sydifha oelaf' tu
msis nqoyug nuqKq WmksIoa oyu we;=,a
lf<a Tyqf.a iqoa u.a.h u.sks' fuh
wm rgg muKla fkdj nqreu ishu wd
rgj,go n,md ;sfnk wdldrh /ka.=ka
Yaj oHd,fha md,s uydpdh ;k;=r
fynjQ fia f.% a oa j ;dKka f .a
mfhaIKd;aul lD;shla jQ 1892
m%ldYhg m;a "Buddha Ghosuppatti
or the Historical Romance of the
rise and career of Buddhaghosa"
k .% k a : fha oela f jk ft;s y dis l

5 f;dr;=re u.ska fy<sf' t;=ud Tyqg

fodia k.d ke;' i;H l:dj olajd we;'

tys we;s ft;sydisl f;dr;=re wkqj
fy< wgqjd ud. NdIdjg fyj;a md,s
NdIdjg mj;kh lsu muKla fkdj
fy< niska meje;s ;s%msglho md,shg
mj;kh l< nj oela f ' hg;a
msfihska Tyq wGl;d ,shQ kh msglh
yd > uCu wd ksldh .%k:
a iuQyhj;a
Tyqf.a md,shg k.kakg we;' nqoaOf>daI
ys kh msglhg iuka; mdidld kka
,s h Q md,s wGl:df ndys r ks o dk
jKaKkdjg wh;a fuys my; oelafjk
.d:d mdG foflkao fuu u;h ikd:
flf'
8' ixjkaKkd iSy,mflk jdflHk tid mkixLg;a;d
k ls[
a w;a:x wNsiN=;d;s mka;fr NslaLq ckiai iiaud
^iuka; mdidld kh wgqjdj&
h fyhlska f jKkd isxy,
mhg whs;s jdlHfhka fyj;a isxy,
NdIdfjka ^fy< niska& ilia we;s
neka fjk;a rgj, jik NslaIQkag
lsis w:hla fkdie,fiao'
9' ;iaud bux md<skhdkqrEmx ixjKaKkx odks iudrNsii
a x
wfCOikx nqoO
a isyhiai f:riai iud iukqiairkaf;d
^nq o a O f>da I hka f .a iuka ; mdidld
kh wgqjdj - .d:d 8 - 9&
ta ksid nqoaO isk ia:rhkaf.a
wdrdOkh uekka is y s l rka md,s
l%uhg .e,fmk f jKkdj wdrN
lrkafk'

f m%ldYh wkqj;a isxy, fyj;a fy<

niska meje;s ;s%msglh yd wgqjd md,s
NdIdjgmj;kh lrkakg we;' tu.ska
is lf<a l=ulao @ nqka jykafia jod<
Ou;d lD;s fldg md,s NdIdjg ke.Suhs'

ta wkqj nqoyf yrh jQ Ou plal

mj;a;k iQ;h
% yd thg wod< ip Nx.
wd iQ;%hkao lmd fldgd lD;s fldg
msgl .%ka:hkag we;=,a l< nj ksielj
ms<s.; yel' tfia ilia l< yd lD;s
l< oyu wmf.a fy<niska r; .%ka:
iu iiod n,kq we;ehs is;+ nqoaOf>daI
mjrhd fy< wgqjd yd wfkla fy< niska
r; Ou .%ka: ish,a, .sksn;a lsug
ie,iq lf<a tneks' nqoaO f>daiqmam;a;s
l:df ta nj fufia i|ykaj we;'
;f;dmGdh fid ms uys k a o
f:frk ,s L dms ; dks .ka : dks rdis x
ldrdfm;ajd uyd fp;shiai ifm
miqoO
a Gdfk COdfmis' iSy< Ndidh
lsr u.skao f:frk ,sLdms;dks in
.ka:dks rdisl;dks WfnfOk i;a;
uCu y;amsmuKdks fydka;;
S 's
mqnd phd joka;;
S s wfyys iq;'
^i;a j k
mfoh
nq o a O
f>daim
q m
a ;a;s md,s uydpdh fia f.%a
- 60 msgj
q &

wjqre 1200 la muK ld,hla ;=, ,sh

;sfnkafka isxy, .%ka: ;=kla ^3& muKo@
oekg fYaI we;s iQ;% fldgia wkqj
hlsis kl fjd fidhk ld,hla Wodjk
nj nqoaOf>daI tod fkdis;kakg we;' ta
ksid .sks ;nkakg we;' Ou .%k:
a we;=
l=ula .sks ;enqj;a nqoaO ka;kh .sksn;a
l< fkdyels nj Tyq mjrfhl= jqj;a
fkdis;kakg we;'
wo wmg ip Nx. iQ;% foaYkdf
fYaIj we;s p;=rdh i;Hdf.a wdlaLk
- foaik - m[a[mk - mGmk - jrK
- Nck - W;a;dkslu hk Ou;d i;
i;Hdjfnda O hg Wmld jk i;a ; s i a
fndamdlaIsl Ou i; fkdfoehs ,.
idlPdfjka uid n,uq' tg Ou plal
mj;a;k iQ;% foaYkdf oekg fYaI fldg
;sfnk ;ekao lD;s lr we;s wdldrho
Ou plaIi
q hg oYkh jkq we;'

Ou .=re

bka miq ^md,shg mj;kh lsfuka

miq& uyskoa uy f;rKqjka iska ,shQ .%k:
a
ish,a, /ia fldg uyd ffp;Hh wNshi
msis ia:dkhl f.dv .id .sks ;eh'
isxy, NdIdfjka uyskao uy f;rKqjka
iska ,shk ,o ish .%ka: /ia l< g
uOHu m%udKfha we;=ka i;a fofkl=f.a
Wi ;rug f.dvla jQfha hhs fmr wdpdh
jre mejeiQ y hs uu wid we;a f ;'
^nqoaOf>daiqmam;a;s fmd; rpkd l< uyd
ux., ysf.a woyihs'& fuys ,sjd hhs
i|yka lrkafka ilia l< hkakhs'
fufia wkqrdOmqr hq.fha miafjks
ishjig fmr ,shQ .%ka: kdY l< njg
ksoiqkla jYfhka fuho i|yka l< yel'
wo wkq r dOmq r hq . fha ,s h we;s
.%k:
a hkaf.ka wmg ,e ;sfnkafka isxy,
.%ka: ;=kla ^3& muKs' tk isLj<o is L j<o ys i yd is h nia , lr muKs '

6 jk msgj
q g

uxik
nqka jod< Ouh
wiuq - oruq - ta
wkqj yeisfruq'
;iaud ;sy NslLa fj fh fjd uhd

Oud fois;d fihH:dms' 1'p;a;dfrd

i;smGdkd 2' p;a;dfrd iumamOdkd
3' p;a ; dfrd boa mdod 4' m[a p
bkashdks 5' m[ap n,dks 6' i;a;
fndCOx.d 7' wfhd wGx.s f ld
u.af.d ;;a: ifnfyj iu.af.ys
ifudoudfkys " wjo udfkys
isla;nx' f;i[ap fjd NslaLfj
iu.a . dkx
ifudoudkdkx
wjoudkdkx islL
a ;x ;;a: ishxq oafj
Ns l a L q wNs O fu kdkdjdod ;;% fp
;= ydlx tjuia i ' ^ls k a ; s iQ ; % h uCu ksldh 3&

Y%djlhsks" tfia woyia we;af;a k

uis k a foa Y kd lrk ,o 1' i;r
i;smGdkh 2' i;r iuHmamOdk
3'
i;r boamdo 4' m[ap bkah
s
5'
m[ap n, 6' ima; fnda wx.
7'
wdh wIaGdx.sl ud.h hk f Ou;d
wjfndaO lrf.k m%dfhda.l
s lrk Tn
ieu iu.sfhka i;=ka jdo jdo rys;j
yslah hq;=h' Y%djlhsks h fyhlska f
i;a;i
s a fnda mdlaIl
s wNsOufhys iu.sj
i;=gq is;a we;sj jdo rys;j yslfa ukakdjQ
Ns l a I Q k a w;ka fofofkla w;r f
wNsOuh ms<n
s | jdofhla mek ke.=k
l,ays fufia ls%hd l< hq;= f'
$$

idmq;af;d NslaLfj fid;dm;a;s Mf,fk;s - fud.a.,a,dfkd W;a;u;af:' ^nqys&

Y%djlhsks" iehq;a ksjka u. lshd fohs' uq.,ka ksjkg muqKqjhs' ^Ou yd kh&

wkdh p;=iai;Hh wdh p;=ia i;Hh

njg m;a lrkafka i;a;sia jQ fndamdlaIsl
Ou;d if;ka nj olsuq - 3
ip

Nx. iQ;% foaYkdjg ijka

fuka miq wo wmg ,e we;s Ou plal
mj;a;k iQ;% foaYkdf olakg fkd,efnk
b;d jeo.;a Ou;djhla mfhaIKh
lsug wjYH uQ, Ou;djhlg wjOdkh
fhduq lsug yels ;sfnk nj Tn
olskakg we;' tu uQ,Ouh l=ulaoehs
wjfndaO lr .ekSu i|yd kej;;a ip
Nx. iQ;% foaYkdf WoafoaYhg ijka
fouq' ^nqka jykafia fufia jodrK fial'&

jykafia m%ldY lr isfha tod m%:u Ou

plal mj;a;k foaYkdf p;= wdh
i;Hhg wvx.= fuu Ou;d i; .%y
lr fmkajd ka j.hs' tfy;a wmg ,e
we;s nqoO
a f>daIhkaf.a Ou plal mj;a;k
iQ;%h ;=, fjd ms<sn| Nx. lsu ;nd
fuu k y;j;a olakg ke;' nqoaOf>daI
ys tu p;= wdh i;H i;r flfrys
mj;akd Ou jYfhka wmg ,e we;s Ou
plal mj;a;k iQ;%fha fufia olajd we;'

;:d.f;k NslL
a fj wry;d iud
inq o a f Ok ndrdKiS h x bis m ;fka
.odfh wkq ; a ; rx Ou pla l x
mj;a ; s ; x''''''hox p;= k a k x wh
ipdkx
wdla L kd'
foikd
m[a[mkd - mGmkd - jrKd Nckd - W;a;dkslux' ^ip Nx.
iQ;h
% - uCu ksldh 3&

bfuiq p;=iq wh ifpiq tjx

;s m jgx oa j doidldrx h:dN+ ;
\Koiaikx iqiqoaOx wfydis' ^wmg
,e we;s nqoaOf>daIf.a Ou plal
mj;a;k iQ;%h - uyd j.a.md,s yd
ixhq;;
a ksldh&

Ns l a I q K S ;:d.; wy;a iud

inqoaOhdKka iska nrKei bism;fka
.odfha wkq ; a ; r Ou pla l h
m%j;kh lrk l,ays ^foaYkd lrk
l,ays& p;= wdh i;Hh ms<sn| ^wdh
i;Hhdf.a & 1' wdla L k 2' foa Y k
3' m[a [ mk 4' mGmk 5' jrK
6' Nck 7' W;a;dkslu Ou;d meye,s
lrk ,'
fojk jr Ou plal mj;a;k iQ;%
foaYkdj lsug fmr Woafoaih jYfhka
fuu Ou;d i; bm;a lrka nqka

fuu p;= wdh i;Hhka flfrys

mj;a k d ;s m jgh ^ls f ,ijg lujg - mdljg } [a\Kh&
oa j doidldrh ^wkdh ka ; kh ;= ,
mj;akd mp iuqmamdo Ouh& ms<sn|
h:dN+; \K oYkh iqiqoO
a h' wruqKq
f.dapr jk g wcdijh bmso ^lsf,i
jgh& rEm WmdodklaLkaOh wd jQ m[ap
WmdodklaLkaO Ou;d hk lu jgh;a
tys mdl jgh jYfhka [a\Kh;a
ilia jkafka wdh ka;k ud.fhao
wkdh ka;k ud.fhaoehs wms nqoO
a f>daI
ys f.ka fkduid ;s f ,da . = r e nq ka
jykafiaf.ka uiuq' ta i|yd wmg wo;a

ud.h i,id we;' uyd iq[a[; iQ;%

foaYkdf Wkajykafia tu ud.h wmg
fufia fmkajd ;sf' f fudfydf;au
nqka jykafiag ijka fouq'
kfLd wdkka o wry;s idjfld
i;a : drx wkq n ka ;= x hox iq ; a ; x
f.hHx fjhHdlrKx''''''''' iudl:d
m[a[l:d uql;
a s l:d" uql;
a \
s K
oiaik l:d tjrEmshd fLd wdkkao
l:dh fy;= wry;s idjfld i;a:drx
wkqnka;=x' ^uyd iq[a[; iQ;%h uCu ksldh 3&

wdkkaoh" Y%djlfhla iq;a;" f.hH"

fjhHdlrK wd iq Ou;djhla i|yd
Ydia;Djrhd fidhd hdhq;= ke;' ^>
ld,hla uq,af,a ta Ou;d wid ord we;'
tfy;a iud l:d" m[a\l:d" uqla;s
l:d" uql;
a \
s K oYk l:d jeks .eUqre
Ou;djhka uid oek .ekSu i|yd
;:d.;jrhd fidhdhdu W;h' wkqnka;=
lsu uek'
;sf,da.=re nqka jykafia rEmlhska
judk fkdjQj;a Ouldhfhka ^Ou
kh& judk ks i d ;s % m s g lhg ms i
Wkajykafia wkqnkaOkh lf<' l=ula
ksidoh;a nqoaOf>daI ys ilia l< Ou
pla l mj;a ; k iQ ; % foa Y kdf wdh
p;= i a i ;Hh ;= , ;s m jgh yd
oa j doidldr mp iuq m a m do Ou

ls%hd;aul jk nj Tyq mjid ;snQ neks'

tfia nq ka jod< Ouh ;= , s k a nq ka
jykafia miq mi .uka l< l,ayS ip
Nx. iQ;% foaYkdj Y%jKh h' tys
p;=kakx wh ipdkx wdlaLkd
foikd p;= wdh i;Hfha mj;afka
wdlaLk - foik - m[a[mk - mgmk
- jrK - Nck - W;a;dkslu nj
gqfj' tfy;a p;= wdh i;Hfha fuu
Ou;d i; lsh
% d;aul jk wdldrh oelSug
W;aidy l<;a tys we;s .%h fyj;a
Nx.h nqka jykafia jod< Nx.h
fkdjk nj gqfj' tneka ;sm
% g
s lh u.ska
;:d.;hdKka jykafia yqne| hk .uk
^wkqnoa;=& w;afkdyer hk g lsk;
a s
iQ;% foaYkdj Y%jKh jkakg h' tys wdh
YslaIKhg wod< Ou;d iuQyhla m%ldY
jk wdldrh weiqk's tys kej;S .;s' tg
fufia Y%jKh jkakg h'
;iaud;sy NslaLfj fh fjd uhd
fois ; d fihHox 1' p;a ; dfrd
i;smGdkd 2' p;a;dfrd iumamOdkd
3' p;a ; dfrd boa mdod 4' m[a p
bkashdks 5' m[ap n,dks 6' i;a;
fndCOx.d
7'
wfhd
wGx.sfldu.af.d ;;a: ifnfyj
iu.a f .ys
ifudoudfkys
wjoudfkys isl
a ;nx'
f;i[ap fjd NslL
a fj iu.a.dkx
ifudoudkdkx
wjoudkdkx
is l a L ;x ;;a : is h q x oa f j Ns l a L q
wNsOfu kdkdjdod' ;;% fp ;=ydlx
tjuiai' ^lsk;
a s iQ;h
% - uCu ksldh
3&

tfia ;:d.;jrhd f,dal i;ajhd

flfrys wkqlmdfjka f Ouh foaYkd
lrkafka hhs woyia lrkafka k kqU,d
iska l=ula l< hq;=o h;a uiska foaikd
lrk ,o 1' i;r i;smGdkh 2' i;r
iuHmamOdk 3' i;r boamdo 4' m[ap

bkash 5' m[ap n, 6' i;a; fndCOx.

7' wdh wGx.sl ud.h hk f Ou;d
wjfndaO fldg f.k Tn ieu iu.sfhka
i;=ka jdo rys;j ysl
a h hq;h
= ' ^mqyK
q q
h hq;h
= & Y%djlhsk"s h fyhlska kqU,d
iu.sfhka i;=ka jdo rys;j mqyqKqjk
g hlsis fofofkl= w;r f i;a;i
s a
fnda mdla I s l wNs O uh ms < s n |
jdojdohla we;s jQfjd;a tys kqU,d
fufia ls%hd lsu uek'
fuu lsk;
a s iQ;% foaYkdj ;=, YslI
a Kh
fyj;a mqyqKqj i|yd wx. ;sia y;lska
iuka ; i;Hdjfnda O hg Wmldr jk
ufkdauh Ou;d i;la fmkajd fok nj
oYkh h' tu Ou;d nqka jykafia
wNsOuh jYfhka k lrk fial' fuhska
wfmalaId lrk mqyqKqj l=ulao @ wruqKq
yuqf isfjk wkdh ka;k mqyK
q fq jka
uqla; ,nk wdh ka;k mqyqKqjhs'
yqreu-mqyqKq lsu wfmalaIs;hs' tajd
fndamdlaIl
s lshkafka wehs @ is; kaokh
lrd hk .uk kj;d wjfndaOh lrd .uka
lsug Wmldr jk ksid fndamdlaIsl
Ou;d lshd k lr we;'
kaokh lrd .uka lrk ka;k
ud.h j,ld wjfndaOh lrd .uka lrk
ka;k ud.h m%.=K lrkafka wehs @
fjh udkia i fLd mkdyx box
la L ka ; s m[a [ fm' ^;S :dh;k
iQ ; % h - p;= l a l ks m d; - wx.= ; a ; r
ksldh& ;s
% Odldr kaokh l jYfhka
mkj' l kka ykajkafka wdrNhla
wjidkhla fkdue;s ufkdauh kaokhhs'
tys ,laIK |la f.k is;d n,uq' W!fKd
f,dfld w;s ; a f ;d ;Ka y dodfid
^rGmd, iQ;h
% - uCu ksldh 2&
fldmuK ka o ;a u' ljodj;a
kaokfhka iEySulg m;ah fkdyels ksid
tys iem;la ke;' ks;ru is;;=, mj;afka

ke;' u hk wma;Dma;slr ufkdaNdjhhs'

tneka ksyd kaok reh fya;= fldg
f.k ;DIaKdf odifhl= njgo m;a
isk [a\K f,dalfha ysrlrefjls' ;u
is; foi n,kak' tneka i[a\fohs;
ksfrdaOh i|yd wruqKq yuqf wkdh
ka ; kfhka uq l a ; j wdh ka ; k
ud.hg mqyqKqu wjYHhs' ;sf,da.=re
wOHdmkh ;=, we;af;a f wdh ka;k
ud. mqyqKqj fyj;a YslaIKhhs' wkdh
ka;k ud.fhao i;H jYfhka fyj;a
ks;Hj mj;sk i;H y;rla ;sfnkjd'
tk
1' fokduh l 2' tu fokdj
bmug fya;=jla mj;skjd tk mp
iuqmamdo ufkdauh iajNdjh 3' fokdjg
m;a jQ ^fh uki& ukfia ta fokdj
ksfrdaO lr.ekSug kElu we;s fjkjd'
4' bka miq tu fokdj re lr .ekSug
jdpis l fyda ldhs l ls % h dud.hla
wkq.ukh fjkjd' ^lu ud.h Wmld
O lulr fokduh l
;djld,s l j re lr .ka k jd' fuu
ufkda u h ia j Ndjhka i;r mj;s k a f ka
wkdh ka;k ud.h ;=,hs' th fufia
.%y l< yel' 1' laL i;Hh 2' iuqoh
i;Hh 3' ksfrdaO i;Hh 4' ud. i;Hh
jYfhks' fuu ka;k ud.fhka uqla;
u i|yd i;rdldr wdh i;H i;r
Wmk ka;k ud.hl=;a ;sh hq;=uh'
^oa j h ks i a i s f ;d fLdhx lpdk
f,dfld&
fuu i;rdldr wdh i;Hh fiug
uQ,Ouhla ip Nx. iQ;% foaYkdfjka
wmg ,e ;su wmf.a i;H .fIKhg
buy;a iekis , a , la nj oeka Tng
jegfykjd we;s' f uQ,Ouh l=ulao lshd
kej;;a fufkys lruq'
p;=kk
a x wh ipdkx
1'
wdlaLkd 2' foikd 3' m[a[mkd 4'
mGmkd 5' jrKd 6' Nckd 7'

W;a;dkslud
fuhska fmkajd fokafka wdh ka;k
ud.fha p;= wdh i;Hh ls%hd;aul
ug Wmld jk tfia u tu.s k a
i;HdjfndaOh lrd fufyh jk ufkdauh
wx. i;hs' tu wx. i; is;g mqyqKq l<
hq;=hs' wruqKq yuqf f;kh jk g f
wx. i; lsh
% d;aul h hq;h
= 's tu.ska is;g
mqyqKqj ,ef' fuys wms kej;;a nqka
jykafia fidhd huq' ;sm
% g
s lfha > ksldfha
fmdGmdo iQ;% foaYkdfjka nqka jykafia
yuq f juq ' fmdGmdo n% d ya u Khd wdh
kfha i[a\ ksfrdaO lrk l%uh uihs'
nqka jykafiag ijka fouq' jlal,S NslI
a j
q g
l< wkqidikdj isysm;a lr .kak' fhd
Oux miai;s fid ux miai;s' oeka wmsg
nqka jykafiao oelsh yelsh's Ouho weish
yelsh's ify;+ys fmdGmdo imamphd
mq r eiia i i[a \ Wma m cka ; S m s
ks r eCOka ; S m s ' is l a L d tld i[a \
Wma m cka ; s is l a L d tld i[a \
ksreCOka;s'

fmdGmdoh fya;= m%;H iys;ju uu

lshk mqreIhdf.a i[a\ bmu;a ksreoaO
u;a isf' YslaIKfhka i[a\ Wm'
YslaIKfhka i[a\ ksfrdaO f' ^ksreoaO
f'&

ls k a ; s iQ ; % foa Y kdfjka wdh

ka;k YslaIKhg Ou;d i;la
fmkajd fokq ,ef'
kej;;a wms lsk;
a s iQ;% foaYkdj u.ska
nqka jykafia yuq tu wdh YslI
a Khg
Wmld jk ufkdauh Ou;d i; Y%jKh
lruq'
;iaud ;sy NslL
a fj fh fjd uhd
Oud fois;d fihH:dms 1' p;a;dfrd
i;siGdkd 2' p;a;dfrd iumamOdkd
3' p;a ; dfrd boa mdod 4' m[a p
bkashdks 5' m[ap n,dks 6' i;a;

fndCOx.d 7' wfhd wGx.s f ld

u.af.d ;;a: ifnfyj iu.af.ys
ifudoudfkys wjoudfkys isla
;nx'

Y%djlhsks ud iska foaYkd lrk ,o

1' i;r i;smGdkh 2' i;r iuHmamOdk
3' i;r boamdo 4' m[ap bkah
s 5' m[ap
n, 6' ima; wjfndaO wx. 7' wdh
wGx.s l ud.h hk l= i ,;d is h
fokdu iu.sfhka i;=ka jdojdo fkdlr
f.k f Ou;d is;g mqyK
q q l< hq;h
= '
f Ou;d i; wei" lK wd
bkashhka u.ska rEm" Yo wd Miai
wdydr ,efnk g is;g mqyqKq lsfuka
wkdh p;= i;Hfhka uqla; wdh
p;= i a i;Hh ls % h d;a u l jk wdh
ka;khg m%fY h yelsoehs uiuq'

lska;s iQ;% foaYkdf i;a;sia

wdldr jQ fndamdlaIl
s Ou;d
i; ip Nx. iQ;% foaYkdf
p;=rdh i;Hhdf.a Ou;d
i;g .,md n,uq'
ip Nx. iQ;% foaYkdf oelafjk
p;= wdh i;Hhdf.a kdl Ou i;g
ta j dg wkq l + , ls k a ; s iQ ; % foa Y kdf
oelafjk wdh Y%djlhd iska m%.=K l<
hq;= Ou i; fuys my; kdl Ou;d
j,g bfhka olajd we;'

kdl Ou;d
ta i|yd wjYH m%dfhda.sl Ou;d
1' wdlaLk > wruqK mefKk ;a;laIKhg
1' i;r i;smGdkh Nd; h
hq;h
= '
2' foaik > ;ud ;=, ;sfnk l=i,;d fiu
2' i;r iuHmamOdk ^kQmka l=i,
is;=,s u;=lr .ekSu yd bmou&
3' i;r boamdo - Pkao"
3' m[a[mk > Pkaoh Ouh fiug mkjd .ekSu
h" ;a;" uxid
4' mGmkd > l=i, Yla;s mkjd .ekSu
4' m[ap bkah
s - ioaOd" h" i;s"
iud' m[a\
5' jrK > wruqK w;S; oekqfuka cdkkh fkdlsug
5' m[ap n," ioaOd"
h" i;s" iud" m[a\ u.ska wruqK jrKh lsu'
6' Nck > wruqK Nckh u w;ayeu
6' i;a; fndCOx. u.ska kaokh
Nckh fkdlsu'
7' W;a;dkslu > lu ud.h r,Su
7' wdh ud.h u.ska lu lsu Wmqgd
oeu ^wdh wGx.sl ud.h imQK f'&
p;=rdh i;Hhdf.a f wdlaLkd
wd ufkdauh Ou;d i; bkah
s hkag rEm
wruqKq jk g Nd;d h hq;=h' fjd
l=i, mlaIhg jef' fjd wruqKq .efgk
g ;u ;a; ika;dkfha ls%hd;aul lsu
nqoyf l=i,a lsu - l=i, Wmimodj
jYfhka yeka f' is;;=, wruqKq jk
rEm yuqf i;a;i
s a wdldr jQ fndamdlaIl
s
Ou i; lsh
% d;aul lsu wNsOu fiajkh
jYfhkao nqka jykafia iska fmkajd
we;' is;k
s a rEmh weiqre fkdfldg i;a;i
s a
fndamdlaIsl Ou weiqre lsu nqka
jykafia jod< wNsOu fiajkhhs' tu.ska
[a\Kh ksfrdaO f' f ms<sn|j u;=
idlPd lr' oeka wms f wdlaLk wd
tla tla Lu lreKla f.k ;u is; ;=,k
s a
tajd oYkh lsug W;aidy lruq'

rEm wruq K q jk g wkdh

ka;fha iajNdjh

tu wjfndaOh myiq lr .ekSu i|yd

wkdh ka;kfhka wkdh p;=ia i;Hh
Wmojk fuu wdh ka;k Ou;d i;g
idfmalI
a jk Ou;d i;o oekf.k olsu'q
wei" lK wd bkashhkag rEm" Yo wd
rEmdrukh isjk g - rEm wruqKq
jk g wkdh is;;=, my; i|yka ima;
Ou;d lsh
% d;aul f'

kdu lhg wei" lK wd bkashhka

u.ska rEm" Yo wd Miai wdydr ,e
wkdh ka;kh ;=, by; oelajQ i;a
wdldr ufkdauh ls%hdj,sh ;=,ska 1' l 2'
l we;sug fya;=j jk wruqK f.dapr
jk g w;S; fokd iajhx W;amkak u
^mp iuqmm
a do Ou;djh& 3' tu fokd
ks f rda O lr .ekS u g is ; g we;s j k

1' Wmh } rEm WmdodklaLkaOh > rEmh

kdulhg meKSu'
2' Wmdodkh } rEmh Wmdodku fya;=
fokd WmdodklaLkaOh cks;u'
3' wNsksfi } kj ksjil iSu ksid
i[a\ WmdodklaLkaOh cks;u'
4' ksnoaO } j;udk i[a\ yd w;S;
oekq u u; ixia l dr Wmdodkla L ka O h
cks;u'
5' fh N=hH w;S; oekquu NjlrK [a\
WmdodklaLkaOh cks;u'
6' Nck kaokhg Pkaoh bmso tu kaok
Nckh fokduh l is;;=, cks;u'
7' lu } tu fokduh lska uqla;
ug jlu yd ldhlu is lsu'

wjYH;djh yd 4' ta i|yd lu" ldh

ldh lu" j lu wd lu ud.h
wkq.uku' tu lu ud. wkq.ukh
fldg ;djld,sl iqjhg m;au isjkafka
wkdh ka ; kh ;= , h' f ;= ,
;s m jgh yd oa j doidldr mp
iuqmm
a doh lsh
% d;aul f'
fuu ufkda u h wkdh ka ; k
ls%hdj,sh ksfrdaO fldg p;=wdh i;Hh
ksia ka;kh ;=, ls%hd;aul u i|yd
fuhg idfma l a I j wx. i;ls k a hq ; =
lsh
% dud.hlao we;' ,. idlPdf tu
p;=wdh i;Hdf.a Ou;d i; uid
n,uq'

Ou .=re

uxik

h;a: kdu[ap rEm[ap - wfiix WmreCO;s - [a[dKiai ksfrdfOk t;af:;x WmreCO;s'

hlsis ;ekl kduh;a" rEmh;a ixhqla; fo th [a[dKhdf.a ksfrdaOfhka isf' ^w; iQ;%h - mdrdhk j.a. - iq;a; ksmd;&

wruqKq yuqf p;=rdh i;Hhdf.a wdlaLk wd

Ou;d i; ls%hd;aul jk wdldrh olsuq' - 4

1' wd la L k Ou;djh yd
inkaO 1' i;r i;smGdkh

oeka wms wruqKq .efgk g is; foi

n,ka fuu Ou;d wjfndaO lr .uq'
1' wdlaLkd - lshkafka wei" lK wd
bka s h hla u.s k a kdu lhg rEmhla
mefKk ;a;laIKhhs' f wjia:df
wkdh ka;kh ;=, isjkafka l=ulao @
wdydrhla l=ig ,efnk g cGh wdijh
Y%djh jkakdfia kdulhg fuu rEmh
kue;s Mia i wdydrh wei" lK wd
bkashhka u.ska ,efnk g wcdijh
bmso f;kh ^wcd mphd ixLdrd&
isf;kakg mgka .kS' is;
= ,s fida;h .e,Su
wdrN f' tu.ska plaLdh;kh ^weig
,efnk rEmh .ek is;uq'& wei ;=, Wmka
rEmh Wmdodk f' fyj;a isf;ka .%yKh
lr .ekSu isf' tu.ska is;;=, rEmh
bms o m[a p Wmdodkla L ka O ls % h dj,s h
fyj;a lujgh u.s k a [a \ Kh
ixialrKh f'
wdh ka ; k ud.fhka is h
hq;af;a [a\Kh ixialrKh jk m[ap
WmdodklaLkaO ufkdauh ls%hdj,sh wls%h
fldg is;g ^m[a[d& Wodlrk wjfndaOh
,nd uhs' wdh ka;k ud.fha u
fjkqjg wjfndaOh cks; lrhs'
wkdh is;;=, isjk fuu ufkdauh
ls%hdj,sh kdulhg rEmh ,efnk
;a;laIKfhkau wdrN l< hq;=h' ta
ksid kdulhg rEmh ,efnk 1' wdlaLk
wjia:df is; wjfhka ;nd.; hq;=
neka i;rdldr i;sh msysgqjd jdih l<
hq ; = h ' tk is ; g rEm lh ,efnk

;a;laIKh tu.ska is;;=, fokd k

jQ lmkh we;sjk ;a;laIKh ta wkqj
f;kh jk ;a;laIKh is;;=, mj;akd
rd." oafI Ou;d Wmk ;a;laIK
hk i;r wjia:df is; ksj; fldg
wjfhka ;nd .ekSug wjfndaO mdlaIsl
Ou if;a m<uq fndamdlaIsl Ou;djh
jk i;rdldr i;smGdkh Wmfhda.S lr
.; hq;=h' f wkqj p;=rdh i;Hhdf.a
wdla L k ufkda u h wjia : djg i;r
i;smGdkh WmksY%h f' wfkla l=i,
is ; = ,s Wmldr f' ^i WmkS i x
imlaLdrx& tu.ska Wmdodkh j,ld ouhs'
m[ap WmdodklaLkaOfha fuh 1' Wmh
wjia:djhs' Nj ksfrdaOh isjkafka f
;a;laIKfhah'
2' foaikd ^ord ;sfnk foa fiu& p;=rdh i;Hhdf.a foaik Ou;djh yd
inkaO jk fndamdlaIsl Ouh jkafka
2' i;r iuma m Odkhhs ' i;r
iuHmamOdkfhka is jkafka kQmka l=i,
is;=,s bmou yd Wmka wl=i, is;=,s
uev,Suhs' tu.ska b;s ls%hdud. fol
is f' tk Wmka l=i, is;=,s j;a
lru yd kQmka wl=i, is;=,s cks;
fkduhs' tg i;ru imQK f' in
mdmiai wlrKx - l=i,iai Wmimod
hka k ls % h djg kexfjka f ka f fojk
fndamdlaIsl Ou;djh wruqKq yuqf
ls%hd;aul fuks' Wmdodkh isjkafka
wl=i, uQ, ^f,daN" fodai" fuday& is;=,s
ixialrKh jk neks' tu Wmdodkh
j,ld,Sug i;r iuHmamOdk fndamdlaIl
s
Ou;djh Wmks Y % h f' fuh m[a p

WmdodklaLkaOfha 2' Wmdodk wjia:djhs'

lpdk f.d;a ; s l Ns l a I q j g m[a p
Wmdodkla L ka O Ou;d meye,s l<
wdldrhg oeka ijka fouq'

1' Wmh 2' Wmdodk 3' wNsksfji

4' ksnoaO 5' fhN=hH fLd whx
lpdk f,dfld
lpdhkh f wdOHd;al f,dalfha
mj;s k a f ka 1' Wmh 2' Wmdodkh
3' wNsksfji 4' ksnoaO 5' fhN=hH hk
Ou;djhkah' fuu ufkdauh wjia:df
ndysr rEmh Wmdodku fya;= fldgf.k
ukfia we;sjk .eu lmkh fokd
jYfhka olajd we;'

3' m[a[mkd (- p;=rdh i;Hhdf.a

m[a[mkd Ou;djh yd inkaO jk
fndamdlaIsl Ou;djh jkafka i;r
boamdohkah' boamdo hkafka w:h isoO
a
lr .ekSug mdojk ufkdauh Ou;d
hkakhs' f i;r boamdo jYfhka Pkao
- h - ;a; - uxid - k fldg
we;' fuys kaokhg fufyhjk Pkao
ufkdaNdjh Ou;d uxikhg fhduq lrhs'
tu Ou;d is;;=, mekfjk neka fuys
m[a[mkd jYfhka oelaf'
wkdh ka;k ud.fha f wjia:dj
i[a\ WmdodklaLkaOh jYfhka oelaf'
tu Ou;djh wNs k s f ji jYfhka
lpdk NslaIqjg fmkajd we;' wmf.a
rEmlh tl ksjdihl jdih l<;a kdu
lh wruqKla wruqKla mdid wNskj ksjdi

j, jdih lrk neka fuu wjia:dj

wNsksfji kj ksjil iSu jYfhka
fmkajd fo;s' tg tys kj i[a\ i,l=Kq
olshs' f wkqj wei" lK wd bkashhkag
rEm" Yo wdh .efgk wdldrh foi
n,k g klg kdulh ks;ru jdih
lrkafka kj ksjil nj oelsh fkdyelso@
wruqKq yuqf ls%hd;aul jk ioaOd - re
- wkqiaij - wdldrm;lal -
ksCOdklaLka;s Ou;d fjkqjg ioaOd
;sf' h - i;s - iud - m[a\ l=i,
Yla;s mkjd .; hq;h
= ' tg wdh f'

wdh ka;k ud.fha .uka lrk

g wNsksfji j, jdih w;ayer
wNsOufha iSug ;sf,da.r
= e nqka
jykafia ud.h i,id we;'
wkdh ka;k ud.fha f;jeks
ufkda u h wjia : dj jk 3 i[a \
WmdodklaLkaOh fyj;a kj wruqfKa
i[a\ f.k rEmhla ilia lsu wdh
ka ; k
ud.fha
j,ld,S u g
i;a;siafndamdlaIsl k jQ wNsOufha
jdih lsug i,id we;' f wjia:df
kj wruqfKa i[a\ oelSu fjkqjg Pkaoh
u.ska h l=i,;djh cks; fldg uxik
kqjKska f;kh lsug i,id we;' tg
Tyq jdih lrka f ka wNs O ufha i
wNs k s f jifha fkdf' tu.s k a i[a \
Wmdodkh je,lS hhs' tg ;a; ika;dkh
;=, rEm ixialrKho je,lS hhs' rEmh
N+ ; jka f ka f wdldrfhks ' fuu
Ou;djh wjfndaO lr .ekSug nqka
jykafiag ijka fouq'
kdu[ap rEm[ap mpMiaid rEfm N+f; kMqika;s Miaid
^l,y jdo iQ;h
% - iq;;
a ksmd;&
kduh;a" rEmh;a ksid iamIh is f'
is;;=, rEmh Nj fkdjQ g iamIh is

fkdf'

Miai mphd fjokd iamIh

ksid fokd kaok we;s f' f wkqj
kaok fyj;a mixf l ke;su
i|yd is;;=, rEmh bmu j,ld,sh hq;h
= '
wkdh ka ; k ud.fha i[a \
WmdodklaLkaO wjia:df wNskf
s i kj
ks j il ^rEmhl& jdih w;a y er
wNsOufha jdih lsfuka rEmh N+;
u is f' wdh ka;k ud.fha f
m[a[mkd wjia:df uxid fyj;a
wruqK kqjKska uxikh lrk m[a\j
mkjd .ekSu isf'
4' mGmkd (- p;= r dh i;Hdf.a
mGmkd Ou;djh yd inkaO jk
fndamdlaIsl Ou;djh jkafka m[ap
bkah
s Ou;djkah' m[ap bkah
s l=i,
Ou;d jYfhka klr we;af;a 1' ioaOd
2' h 3' i;s 4' iud 5' m[a \
Ou;djhkah' wruqKq yuqf wkdh
ka ; k ud.fha f wdh ufkda u h
wjia:djg idfmalaI jkafka 4' ixialdr
Wmdodkla L ka O Ou;djhhs ' tu
Ou;djh lpdk f.d;a;sl NslaIqjg
nqka jykafia ykajd fokafka ksnoaO
hkqfjks' ksnoaO hkq yqjudre uhs'
^ksuh } uqo,a yd NdKav yqjudrej& ukfia
isjk ixialdr WmdodklaLkaO wjia:df
isjkafka j;udkfha gq i[a\j,g ;u
uki ;=, ;ekam;a w;S; i[a\ u.ska
j;udk i[a\ ykd .ekSuhs' ^fuh is;
foi n,d wjfndaO lr .kak' f ishu
Ou;d is; weiqre lrka m%ldY lrk
Ou;d nj i,lka k ' mp;a ; x
fj;fnd [aCys nqo
a u;=ka ;ud ;=,k
s a
oel wjfndaO lr .kakd Ouhls' fuys
we;af;a j;udk i[a\ j,g w;S;
i[a\ udrelr .ekSuls' tg w;S;
i[a\ fYaIf' j;udk wruqKq jQ rEmh
gqf w;S; i[a\ u.sks' w;S; oekqu
u.sks' WodyrKhla jYfhka weiska gq

.i keue;s rEmh fmd,a . i jYfhka

ixialrKh jQfha w;S; i[a\ yqjudre
fuks' oeka wruqK ms<sn|j fYaI
we;af;a w;S; i[a\ u.ska ilia jQ
oekquhs'

5' jrKd (- p;= r dh i;Hdf.a

jrKd Ou;djh yd inka O jk
fndamdlaIl
s Ou;djh jkafka m[ap n,
Ou;djhkah' m[apn, l=i, Ou;d
jYfhka klr we;af;a 1' ioaOd 2' h
3' i;s 4' iud 5' m[a \ hk n,
Ou;djhkah' kEu Ou;djhla ilia
jkafka n,h k jQ Yla;fs hks' ^,s n,h&
wruqKq yuqf wkdh ud.fha isjk
[a\K n,h fjkqjg wdh ka;k
ud.fha m[a\ n,h ls%hd;aul f'
wkdh ka ; k ud.fha f wdh
ufkda u h wjia : djg idfma l a I jka f ka
5' [a\K WmdodklaLkaOhhs' tu.ska
wruqK w;S; oekqu yqjudre tu w;S;
oekq u g j;udk wruq K i|yd
mqkNju isf' tu ufkdauh iajNdjh
lpdk f.d;a;sl NslaIqjg nqka jykafia
fmkajd kafka fhN=hH jYfhks' tys
w:h tajdu Njf hkakhs' w;S; oekquu
kej; u;= m s g is ; g .,d ths ' w;S ;
i[a\u gdjd i w;a fohla gqf
ke;' tu w;S; foau mqkNj ;ud ;=,
mj;akd foa oelSu ilaldh h jYfhka
k l< yel' iajlSh jQ w;aoelS gqjd
i j;udkh gqf ke;' th udhdjls'
tneka [a \ Kh fyj;a wruq K
cdkkh u udhdjls' tneka m[ap
WmdodklaLkaOhu ;sf,da.r
= e nqka jykafia
f wdldrhg o ykajd fok fial' ijka
fouq'
fmKmsKavQmux rEmx fjokd nqnqmud
ul+mu[ap i[a\ ixLdr lomud

udhQmu[ap [a\Kx msldp nkaOf

q kd
^fmK msKv
a m
q u iQ;h
% - ixhq;;
a ksldh&

rEmh fmK msvls-fokdj h nqn,

q nh'
i[a\ .=jls-ixLdr flfi,a lo nh'
[a\Kh udhdjls-fuh iQhdg iudk
jQ nqka jykafia iska lshk ,' ^f ir,
w:hhs' fuys w:h fuhg fmr fmkajd
we;'&
wdh ka;kfha wruqK cdkkh
lr .kafka ke;' kqjKska jrKh
lr .skh
s 's tu oelSu ilaldh h njg
jrKh f' ^jHdlrK& Wmdodkh is
fkdf' i;H oelSula fkdj ;ud ;=,
meje;s w;S; w;aoelSu mqkNj ula f,i
jrKh f' [a=\Kh ksfrdaO f' f
wdldrhg wdh ka;k ud.fha m[ap
Wmdodkla L ka O ls % h dj,s h ks f rda O
kaokhg m;af ka;k ud.h jid
ouhs' wk;a; ixysf;d wruqK we;' hk
ixl,amh bmu j,ld wdh;sx wkqmamdo
Oud;s u;= we;s fkdjk wdldrhg
m;ajkafka m[ap WmdodklaLkaO lsh
% dj,sh
1' wdlaLkd 2' foaikd 3' m[a[mkd 4'
mGmkd 5' jrKd hk p;=rdh i;H
Ou;djka g idfma l a I fnda mdla I s l
Ou;d wruqKq yuqf ls%hd;aul lsug
mqyqKq fuks'

6' Nckd - p;=rdh i;Hdf.a ,.

Ou;djh jkafka Nckd hkakhs' f
Ou;djh .ek uid ne,Sug fmr fuys
jpkd:h l=ulaoehs fidhuq' Nck yd
Nck jYfhka hq., Ou;djhla we;'
Nck - Nckh lshkafka weiqre lsuhs'
wd uq ; = k a ;a ; ka mjd je Nckh
^nckh& fyd| kE hkak Nd;d lf<a
wdY%h lsug fyj;a is;ska weiqre lsu
fmkajd ughs' thg m%;sreoaO ls%hdj
Nckhhs ' Nckh ls h ka f ka weiq r e
fkdlsuhs' weiqre lsu is jkafka is;ska

i lhska fkdf' oelsh yelafla lhska

weiqre lrk njhs' is;ska weiqre lsu
fyj;a Nckd hkak ls%hd;aul fkdjkafka
k lhska weiqre lsu is fkdf' wkdh
ka ; k ud.fha Nckd ls h ka f ka
[a[dKfhka wruqK ykd .ekSfuka miq
thg is;;=, mj;akd re" wrel bmso
Pkaoh je tu wruqK ms<sn| ukdm
wukdm iajNdjh is;ska Nckh lsuhs'
tu.ska fida; is;=,s Odrdj ldu >" Nj
> wd is ; = ,s Odrdjla njg m;a
mixf lg m;auhs' th Ou plal
mj;a;k iQ;% foaYkdf w;a;ls,u:
jYfhka ola j d we;' fuu Ou;djh
iehq;a udysmdfKda fufia .%y lr;s'
fhd
bfuiq
m[a p
Wmdodkla L ka f Oiq Pka f od wd,fhd
wkqkfhd wfCOdidhx laL iuqofhd'
^uydy;a mfodmu iQ;%h - uCu
ksldh 1&
hfula wkdh ka ; k ud.fha
ls%hd;aul jk ;smjgh k jQ m[ap
WmdodklaLkaO ls%hdj,sfhka miq is;;=,
Wmk ishq ukdm wukdm kaokhkag
Pkaoh bmso thg we,S tu is;=,s ;j
;j;a jOkh tu kaokhkag nei
.ekSu laL iuqoh k f'

wdh ka ; k ud.fha Nckd

Ou;djh yd inkaO jk fndamdlaIsl
Ou;djh jka f ka i;a ; fndCOx.
Ou;djhkah' fndCOx. hkq fnda wx.
hkakhs' fjd i;s - Ou ph -h msy;
s s ^mS;&s - miaioa - iud - WfmlaLd
jYfhka ola j d we;' wkdh ka ; k
ud.fha f 6 jk wjia:dj w;a:ls,u:
k jQ mixf kaokh lrd muqKqjhs'
tu mixf lg m;a jQ g tu lska
uql;
a f ud. fidhhs' fyj;a ksfrdaOh
fidhhs' wdh ka;k ud.fha WfmlaLd
kaokhg m;aj is; wka;.d Ndjfhka
uqla; lrhs' Ou ph ifnda wx.h

i;a j k Ou;djh jk W;a ; dks l u

Ou;djh yd inkaO jk fndamdlaIsl
Ou;djh jka f ka wdh wGx.s l
ud.hhs' th fuys wdrN jkafka ke;'
tys iud iudhg is ; m;a j lu
fkdlrK iudh is;g Wodf' wdh
wGx.sl ud.h ls%hd;aul u wdrN
jka f ka wdla L k k jQ p;= r dh
i;Hhdf.a m<uqjk Ou;djfha ishs'

f wkqj wkdh mqo.

a ,hdf.a wkdh
ka ; k ud.h wjika jka f ka lu
lsfuks' tfy;a wruqKq yuqf i;r
i;smGdk Ou wd fndamdlaIl
s Ou;d
ls%hd;aul jk wdh ka;k ud.fha
.uka lrk ;eke;a;d 6 jk Nckd
Ou;djfhka miq i;ajk W;a;dkslu
ufkdaNdjhg m;a jkafka Tyqf.a is; lu
fkdlrK lu l< fkdyels iud
iudhg m;a j k neks ' tu iud
iudfhka lu lsu Wmqgd ouk neka
W;a;dkslu jYfhka tu i;ajk ufkdauh
wjia:dj ykajkq ,ef' wdh ka;k
ud.fha i;ajk fndamdlaIsl Ou;djh
jYfhka wdh wGx.s l ud.h
ykajkafka is; iud iudhg m;ajk
neks' fuhska m%ldY jkafka fuu wdh
ka;k ud.fhka wdh wGx.sl ud.h
imQK jk njhs'

W;a ; dks l u wdh ka ; k

Ou;djhg wkdh ka;k ud.fha
idfmalaI jk Ou;djh lu k f'
fuys lu hkafka isjkafka l=ulaoehs
uiuq' wruqKq yuqf wkdh ka;k
ud.h ls%hd;aul jk wkdh mqoa.,hd
lu lsug fm<fUkafka ukaoehs ir,
ksoiqka u.ska uid n,uq'

wruqKq yuqf is;;=, wkdh ka;k

ud.h u.ska lu lsug fm<fUk ksid
rd.d flf,ia imdokh u isf'
tfiau lu lsu u.ska flf,ia jOkh
u isf' tfiau lu lsu u.ska flf,ia
jOkh u isf' lu lsu Wmqgd
oefuka kjx k;a iNjx' w;ska
flf,ia /iaula is fkdf'

mdf .uka lrk rEmhla weig

fmkSu ksid f;kh tu rEmh ksfila
jYfhka ykd f.k Tyq ;udg ysyer
l< ;eke;af;l= hhs w;S; w;aoelS u.ska
is ; ;= , wukdm ka o khla Wm' tu
kaokh ;j ;j;a w;S; fokd iuqmm
a kak
u u.ska fldam fokdjg laIKslj m;a
h yel' tg Tyq ;udf.a is;;=, Wmka
fldamh ksfrdaO lr .ekSu i|yd fyj;a
tu ;a; mSvdfjka uql;
a u i|yd Tyqg
mNj lrhs' fldam fokdj wl k
myr wd lu is lrhs' tu.ska Tyq
mdm;r wfhl= njg m;a lrhs'

wruq K q yuq f wkdh ka ; k

ud.fha isjk m[ap WmdodklaLkaOh
yd bka wk;=rej kaokh Nckh lu
lsu ;=, 1' laL i;Hh 2' iuqoh i;Hh
3' ksfrdaO i;Hh 4' ksfrdaO lu ud.
i;Hh lshd;aul f' tys ;smjgh;a
oa j doidldr mp iuq m a m do Ou o
ls%hd;aul f' th wkdh p;=ia i;Hhhs'

u.ska O;dkx Oudkx w;a:x WmlaL;s

u fyj;a is;;=, mekke.S we;s Ou;d
oYkh lrhs' tu.ska ;a; miaioah
k jQ is; ksi, lsu we;s lrhs' tu.ska
lho ksi, lrhs' ^;a; miaioa - ldh
mia i oa & th is ; ;= , Wfmla L dj
iunr;djh Wod ls ug Wmld f'
mixf lg m;a fkdf'

7' W;a;dkslud - p;=rdh i;Hhdf.a

wdh p;=iai;Hh ;=, 1' wdlaLk 2'

foaYk 3' m[a[mk 4' mGmk 5' jrK
6' Nck 7' W;a;dkslu k jQ i;a;sia
wdldr fnda mdlaIsl Ou;d jk 1' i;r
i;smGdkh 2' i;r iumOdk 3' i;r

boamdo 4' m[ap bkash 5' m[apn, 6'

i;a ; fndCOx. 7' wdh wGx.s l
ud.h lsh
% d;aul f' tu.ska wdh iud
iudhg meK lu Wmqgd ouhs'

p;= r dh i;Hhdf.a wdla L k

Ou;djh wdrN jkafka i;r
i;smGdkfhks'
fuys i;H;djh wjfndaO lr .ekSug
oeka kej;;a nqka jykafia fidhd huq'
i;smGdk iQ;h
% ;=,k
s a nqka jykafia yuq
ijka fouq'
tldhfkd whx NslaLfj u.af.d
i;a;dkx iqo
a hdh" fidl moaojdkx
iu;s l a l udh la L fodukia i dkx
w;a : x .udh [dhia i w.udh"
ks ndkia i ils hdh hox
p;a;dfrd i;smGdkd' ^i;smGdk
iQ;h
% - > - uCu ksldh&
Y%djlhsks" wkdh ka;kh msis
lsu i|yd;a tu.ska wkdh ka;kh
;=, Wmk fidalh" je,mSuh ;DIaKduh
l oafIuh fodki r,Su i|yd;a"
m[a\ Wodj i|yd;a" ksjka oelSu i|yd;a
we;s taldhk ud.h jkafka f wdlaLk
- foa i k - m[a [ mk - mGmk
wjia:dj, is; wjfhka ;nd .ekSu
i|yd is; olsk iud i;sfhka hq;j
= jdih
lsuhs' fuhska fmkajd fokafka f wjia:d
i;r i|yd .;jk ;a ; la I K 15
^myf<dj& woHdj re fldg cdprK
ug kduhg rEmh mefKk
;a;laIKfha isg i;smGdkh Nd; h
hq;= njhs' is; iud i;sfha prKh h
hq ; = h ' fuu wjia : d i;rg .; jk
;a;laIK 15 ;=, i;r i;smGdkh
ls%hd;aul fuka m[ap WmdodklaLkaO
lsh
% dj,sh ksfrdaO f'
fuu wdh ka;k ud.h kdY
fldg WmksIoa ka;k l%uh m%dfhda.sl
ls u i|yd nq o a O f>da I ys fu;ekg
ldhdkq m ia i kd - fokdkq m ia i kd -

;a;dkqmiaikd - Oudkqmiaikd lshd

luGdk i;rla ilia fldg ta i|yd
Y%djlhd fhduq lsu ksid nqka jykafia
jod<
wdh
ka ; k
ud.h
imQKfhkau jeiS .sfhah' nqka jykafia
jod< wNsOu kka yeka jQ i;a;sia
fndamdlaIsl Ou Nd;du j,ld oud
we;af;a f i;r i;smGdk iQ;% foaYkdj
lD;s lsfuks' fjd u;= .%ylr fo'
kej;;a p;=rdh i;Hdf.a wdlaLk
wjia:djg Nd; jk i;r i;smGdkfha
wjYH;djh wjfnda O lr .ekS u g
nqoaOf>daI fidhd hkafka ke;sj nqka
jykafia yuqug iq;a; ksmd;hg f.dia
Wkajykafiaf.a Ouhg ijka fouq'
ndj n%dyauKhdf.a w;jeis w;
udkjlhd wik m%Yk
a hg f fudfydf;au
ijka fouq'
ijka;s infid;d fid;dkx lsxksjdrKx
^w; iQ;%h - mdrdhk j.a. - iq;a;
ksmd;&

iajdka jykai" iEu fudfyd;lu iEu

w;sku
a ^is;
= ,s& fida;fhda .,d t;s' fjd
wdjrKh lrk ud.h lshd fokq uek'
tg nqka jykafia fok iug ijka
fouq'
hdks fid;dks f,dliax i;s f;ix ksjdrfh'
^tu iQ;%h&
wdOHd;al f,dalh ;=, ^is;;=,&
wruqKqf.dapr jk g .,d tk is;=,s
fida; j,ld,sh yelafla i;smGdkfhks'
wei" lK wd bkashhka u.ska kdulhg
rEm mefKk wdla L k k jQ
;a;laIKfha is; wjfhka ;nd .ekSug
i;r i;smGdkh ls%hd;aul h hq;=uh'
nqka jykafia jod< wNsOuh kka
yekafjk i;a;sia fndamdlaIsl Ou;d
lsh
% djg kexfjkafka f wdlaLk - foaik
- m[a[mk - mGmk - jrK - Nck

yd W;a;dkslu hk p;=ia wdh i;Hdf.a

Ou;d i; u.ska nj wjfndaO lr .uq'
oeka wms talOu iQ;% foaYkdjg ijka
fouq' Y%djlhsk"s tal Ou;djhg is; fhduq
lsfuka Ou;d i;rla imQK f' tu
Ou;d i;r imQK fuka Ou;d
i;la imQK f' tu.ska Ou;d folla
imQK f' f tal Ou;djh jkafka
wdkdmdkhhs ' wdkdmdkh u; is ; ;= ,
ish,a, isf' wruqKq f.dapr jkafka
wdkdmdkh ksidh' is;g wruqKq .efgk
g thg wjOdkh fhduq lsfuka i;r
i;smGdkh lsh
% d;aul i;a; fndawx.
ims oHdjg;a" uqla;shg;a m;af' f
tflka i;r" i;ka" i; if;ka Ou;d
fol imQK uo is jkafka i;r
i;s m Gdkfhks ' f wdldrhg wdh
ka;k ud.h wdrN jkafka i;a;sia
fnda mdla I s l Ouhka f .a i;r
i;smGdkfhks'
tu.ska wdh i;Hh imQK f'
tfiak f fndamdlaIsl Ou;d wruqKq
yuqf ls%hd;aul ug is;;=, wIaGdkh
f.dvke.sh hq;h
= ' m%d:kdfjka is fkdf'
wkdh ka;kfha mj;skf
a ka m%d:kdjhs'
wdh ka ; kh ;= , mej;s h hq ; a f ;a
wIaGdkhhs' wkdh ka;kh m%d:kd
ka;khls' ^ug ksjkaiem ,efjd wd
jYfhks'& m%d:kdfjka w;a: l=i,;d
imQK fkdf' tfiak wruqKq yuqf
is;;=, p;=rdh i;Hh ls%hd;aul ug
wjYH wIaGdk fiug fm<fUuq' thg
fmr ;j;a jeo.;a Ou;djhla wjfndaO
lr .ekSug W;aidy lruq' tk i;a;sia
wdldr jQ i;r i;s m Gdk wd
fndamdlaIsl Ou nqka jykafia iska
wNsOu jYfhka lska;s iQ;% foaYkdf
ykajd ka nj Tng isysm;a jkq we;' ta
wkq j nq ka jyka f ia jod< wNs O uh
wjfnda O lr .ekS u g ,. Ou
idlPdjg iyNd.s fjuq' bkamiq ;j
rg;a wkdh p;=ii
a ;Hh yd wdh p;=ia
i;Hhka ms<sn| kqjKska uiuq' tu.ska

p;=rdh i;Hh hkq l=ulaoehs wjfndaO

jkq we;'

Ou .=re

uxik

Miai ksodkx id;x wid;x - Miafi wikaf; k Njka;s fyf; - l iem fokd iamIh ksodk fldg we;' iamIh ke;s fj;au l iem fokd kQm'

nqka jod< Ouh

wiuq - oruq - ta
wkqj yeisfruq'
;iaud;sy NslaLfj fh fjd uhd

Oud fois ; d fihH:dms p;a ; dfrd

i;smGdkd - p;a;dfrd iumamOdkd p;a;dfrd boamdod - m[ap bkashdks m[a p n,dks - i;a ; fndCOx.d wfhd - wGx.s f ld u.a f .d ;;a :
ifnfyj iu.af.ys ifudoudfkys
wjoudfkys isl
a ;nx'
f;i[a p fjd Ns l a L fj iu.a . dkx
ifudoudkdkx wjoudkdkx islL
a ;x
;;a : is h q x oa f j Ns l a L q wNs O fu
kdkdjdod ;;% f p ;= ydlx tjuia i
^lsk;
a s iQ;h
% - uCu ksldh 3&

Y%djlhsk"s tfia is;kakyqk uiska h

f Ouhla foaYkd fldg ;sfo tk i;r
i;smGdkh - i;r iumamOdk - i;r
boamdo - m[ap bkash - m[ap n, i;a; fndCOx. -wdh wGx.sl ud.h
fuu Ou;d wjfnda O fldg Tn yeu
iusfhka i;=ka jdojdo lr .kafka
ke;sj mqyqKq h hq;=hs' fufia iusfhka
i;=ka jdojdohkaf.ka f;drj mqyqKq jk
g h NslaIQka fofofkla f wNsOuh
ms<sn| kd kd u;j, msysgd jdohg t<fUk
l,ays kqU,d fufia lsh
% d l< hq;= f'

$$
wdr[a [ flk wdjq f id Ns l a L q k d
wNsOfu wNskfh fhdf.dlrKSfhd
^.=,siaidks iQ;%h - uCu ksldh 2&

wr[a[jdiS NslaIQkao wNsOufha yd

wNskfha fhda.Hu ish hq;h
= ' ^iehq;a
udys&
$$

;sf,da.=re nqka jykafia i;a;sia fndamdlaIsl

Ou;d i; wNsOuh jYfhka jod< fial'
j;udk wNsOu msglh fkdf' - 5
nqoaO

hkq Ouh;a" kh;a nj ip

Nx. iQ ; % foa Y kdfjka nq ka jyka f ia
wkdjrKh l< fial' tys iehq;a jYfhka
Ouh;a" uq.,ka jYfhka kh;a fmkajd
fifj:
Ns l a L fj
idmq ; a ;
fud.a.,a,dfk" Nc: NslaLfj idmq;a;
fud.a.,a,dfk jYfhka fmkajd fokq ,enqfha
Ouh;a" kh;a weiqre lsu yd Nckh lsu
uqla;sh i|yd w;HdjYH njhs' nqoaO;ajh
iehq;a uq.,ka ol=K;ai" ju;ai jkafkao
tneks' wNsOu msglh lshd Ou kh
foflka ndysrj foaYkd l< msglhla fkdh'
Tn jyka f ia f .a mks jdkfhka miq
wmf.a .=rejrhd jkafka ljqrekaoehs uiQ
wdkkao yshkag fufia jod< fial'
fhdfLd wdkka o uhd Ofudp
kfhdp foisf;d m[a[;af;d fid fjd
uupfhk i;a:d ;s''''' ^uyd mksndk
iQ;%h - > ksldh&

wdkkaoh uiska h oyula yd khla

foaYkd fldg ;sfo mkjd ;sfo th ud
wejEfuka Tn,df.a Ydia;Djrhd f'
fuys Ou kh i wNsOuhla ke;'
w:fLd N.jd Ns l a L q wduka f ;is '
yka o odks Ns l a L fj wduka ; hd fjd'
jhOud ixLdrd wmamudfok imdfo:''''
mmlafld jfhd uhayx-m;a;x uu ;x
mydh fjd .iaid-l;fu irK u;a;fkd
wmamu;af;d i;s u;af;d-iqi,
S dfyd: NslL
a fjd
iqiudys; ixlmamd - i;a; ukqrlaL:
fhd buia x Ou kfh-wma m u;a f ;d
yiai;s
mydh cd;s ixidrx-laLiaika;x liai;s
^uyd mksndk iQ;%h - > ksldh&

tl,ays nqka jykafia NslI

a k
Q a weu;+ fial'
Y%djlhska oeka f;dm wu;' WNh ixialdrfhda

kefik iqh' wm%udoj l=i,;d imdokh

lrjq' udf.a jhi oeka uqyql=rd .sfhah' udf.a
; ld,h ;j iaj,amhls' f;dm yer hkafk'
;ukag ;uka msysg lr .ekSug ie,eiaiqfj'
m%udo fkdjjq' is; olsk isysh we;af;da jjq'
iqis,aj;a jjq' hym;a ixl,amkd we;af;da jjq'
;u is; /l .ksjq' hfula f Oufh;a"
kfh;a ldufhka u;a fkd yeisfr;ao fya
cks; jk yd ixirKh jk mif l
fl<jr lrkafkah'
fuyso i|yka lf<a Ou kh muKs'
wNsOu msglhla .ek i|yka lf<a ke;' oeka
wms inqoaO mksjdkfhka udi ;=klg miq
meje;s m%:u Ou ix.dhkdjg ijka fouq'
w:fLd f:rd NslL
a q rdc.yx w.uxiq
Ou[ap kh[ap ix.dhs;=x' w:fLd
f:rdkx NslL
a k
q x t;ofydis' N.j;d fLd
wdjq f id LKa v Mq , a , mixlrKx
jKaKs;x ykaouhd wdjqfid mGux udix
LKa v Mq , a , x mixLfrdu' uCux
udix ikaksm;s;ajd Ou[ap kh[ap
ix.dhs i a i dud;s ' w:fLd f:rd Ns l a L q
mGux udix LKavMq,a,x mixlxiq'
^m[ap i;sllaLkaOlx - pq,a,j.a. md,s
- kh msglh&
uyd ldYHm uy ry;ka jykafia wka
;=ka uilg miq ima;mKS .=yd wdYs%;j m%:u
Ou ix.dhkdj meje;aug ;SrKh lsfuka
miq & tl,a y s uyd ia : rjre ^ry;ka
jykafia,d& Ouh;a kh;a ix.dhkd
lsu msKi
s rc.y kqjrg jevu l<y' tg
tu uyd f:rjrekg fufia is y s m ;a h'
weje;aks" wdrdu wdfha levqk k ;eka
w;ajehd lsu nqka jykafia iska jKkd
lr we;' ^wf.a l r we;'& tneka wms

ima ; mKS .= y dj, levq k k ;eka

w;ajehd lruq' uOHu udifha wms tys /
ia Ouh;a kh;a ix.dhkd lruq' tl,ays
uyd ia:r NslaIQyq ^ry;ka jykafia,d& m<uq
udifha ima;mKS .=ydj, levqk k ;eka
w;ajehd l<y'
fYa I fhka ie,ls h hq ; = h (j;udkfha k rchg okajd fgkav
leojd fldka;rd;a lref.ka m.djl=;a
f.k jef Wk;a kQ k ;a Tyq g
w;ajehdj mjrkq ,ef' j;udkfha
mqrdoHd fomd;fka;=jg wh;a hhs
ie,flk ydrhl jrka ,jqka mek
W leghla levq k ;a mq r doHdjg
okajkjd i ;udg l<yels ta iq lsh
% dj
mjd fkdlr;s' Ouh;a kh;a msyS
;s f nk wdldrh ols u q ' tfy;a ;l
;l ls u i|yd Ouh yd kh
muKla fkdj wNs O uhl= ; a lr
ms k a k df.k jdojdo lrk wdldrh
oelSug nqirK lshjuq'
fufia isjk nj ;sf,da.r
= e nqka jykafia
jir fooyia mkaih
s .Kklg fmr oel fufia
jod< fial' Wkajykafiag ijka fouq'
bO NslaLfj tlfP fud>mqid
Oux mhdmq k ka ; s iq ; a ; x" f.hHx"
ffjhHdlrKx .d:x" Wodkx b;sj;
q ;
a lx"
cd;lx" wN+; Oux fjo,a,x' f; f;
Oud mhdmq K s ; a j d f;ix Oudkx
m[a[dh w;a:x k WmmlaLka;'s '''''' f;
WmdrNdks i xid
fpj
Oux
mhdmq k ka ; s b;s j doma m fudla L dks
ixid'''''' f;ixf; Oud .a.yS;;a;d
>r;a;dh wys;dh laLdh ixj;a;ka;'s
^w,.oamu iQ;h
% - uCu ksldh 1&

Y% d jlhs k s " f idifkys we;e ys i a

mqoa.,fhda iQ;% f.hH" fjhhdlrK wd jQ
Ouh W.ks;a' Tjqyq ta Ouh bf.k tys
w:h kqjKska fufkys lrkafka ke;s neka
ukdj fkdjegfy;a' Tjqyq wkqka iu yd
^wfkla wd.lhska iu& jdojdo lsu
msKsi ;ud yqjd oelau msKsi ^j;udkfha
Ou foaYkd fldg uqo,a iemhSu i|yd& Ouh
W.ks;s' Tjqka f Ouh ^imfhl= je/
f,i w,a,d .;a;d jf.a& je/ f,i w,a,d
.ekSu fya;= fldg f.k Tjqkg .=l,la
wk: msKi
s l msKi
s th mj;S'
wms kej;;a fojk ix.dhkdjg ijka
fouq' tysj;a wNsOu msglh ix.dhkd
l<do lshd oelSug' tu fojk Ou ix.dhkdj
meje;s f ha inq o a O mks jdkfhka jI
ishhlg miqjhs' tu fojk Ou ix.dhkdj
ms<n
s |j ia;r lrk pq,,
a j.a. md,sfha i;a;
i;sllaLkaOfha fufia oelaf' mqfr wOfud
ma m ;s " Ofud mndyS h ;s wkfhd
mam;s kfhd mndySh;s wd jYfhks'
fuhska fmkS hkafka fojk ix.dhkdj
mj;ajk wjia:dj jk g;a wNsOu msglhla
fkd;snQ njhs' tfy;a tu wjia:df fun NslI
a q
msila isfhdah' tk OuOr" khOr"
ud;s;dOr jYfhks' f ud;sldOr NslaIQkaf.a
ud;sld jHdma;sf M,h jYfhka inqoaO
mksjdkfhka jir 237 lg muK miq
;sm
% g
s lhla ieleiS ;snK
q 's

wNsOu msglh
wNsOu msglhg 1' Ou ix.KSmlrK
2' Nx.mamlrK 3' Od;=l:dmlrK 4'
mq..
a , m[a[;a;m
s lrK 5' l:dj;a:-q mlrK
6' hulmlrK 7' mGdkmamlrK jYfhka
m% l rK i;ls ' ;s f ,da . = r e nq ka jyka f ia
wNsOuh jYfhka k lf<a i;a;i
s a wdldr jQ
fndamdlaIsl Ou;d i;hs' ta nj lska;s iQ;%
foaYkdfjka oelaf' tu fldgi fuys nqka
jod< Ouh hgf;a olajd we;' kej;;a ta
i|yd nqka jykafiag ijka fouq'
''''''''f;i[ap fjd NslL
a fj iu.a.dkx
ifudoudkdkx wjoudkdkx islL
a ;x

;;a : is h q x oa f j Ns l a L q wNs O fu
kdkdjdod ;;% f p ;= ydlx tjuia i '
^lsk;
a s iQ;h
% - uCu ksldh 3&
^fuys nqka jykafia i;a;sia wdldr jQ
fndamdlaIl
s Ou;d jk 1' i;r i;smGdkh
2' i;r iumamOdk 3' i;r boamdo 4' m[ap
bkash 5' m[ap n, 6' i;a; fndCOx. 7'
wdh wGx.sl u.a. fmkajd ta Ou;d
wjfnda O fldg f.k iu.s f hka i;= ka
jdojdohkaf.ka f;drj mqyqKqug Wmfoia
ka fial'&
''''''''Y%djlhsks fufia iu.sfhka i;=ka jdo
jdohkaf.ka f;drj mqyqKq jk g hlsis
NslaIQka ^Y%djlhska& fofofkl= f wNsOuh
ms < s n | kdkd u;j, ms y s g d jdojdohka
we;sjQfjd;a kqU,d fufia ls%hd l< hq;=f'
fuys f i;a;sia fndamdlaIsl Ou;d
yekajQfha wNsOuh kks' fuys we;af;a
i;HdjfndaOhg Wmld jk Ou;d i;ls'
ld,hdf.a wejEfuka fuu fnda mdla I s l
Ou;dj,g ,shjqKq Nx. fyj;a wgqjd ksid
wmg ,e we;s wNsOu m%lrK i; ilia
jkakg we;' ta m%lrK i;g uQ,Ou jkakg
we;af;a i;a;i
s a wdldr jQ fndamdlaIl
s Ou;d
i; h yel'

fuu fndamdlaIsl Ou;d i;

wNsOu k jkafka ljr fya;j
= la
ksidoehs kqjKska uiuq'
fuu fndamdlaIl
s fyj;a i;HdjfndaOhg
Wmld jk Ou;d i; Ou fkdlshd wNsOu
hk kdufhka yekaug fya;=j fidhd hk
g kej;;a wmg nqka jykafia yqneo hd
hq;f= ' ^wry;s idjldkx i;a:drx wkqnka;=x
- uyd iq[[
a ; iQ;h
% &
lpdk f.d;a ; l Ns l a I q j g m[a p
Wmdodkla L ka O Ou;d meye,s lrk
wdldrhg wms oeka ijka fouq'
oajh ksiaisf;d fLd whx lpdk
f,dfld fh N= f hHk w;a ;[a p
k;a;[ap'''''' Wmh-Wmdodk-wNsksfji
- ks n oa f Od fLd whx f,dfld
fhN=fhHk' ^lpdk f.d;a;l iQ;%h ixhq;a; ksldh&

lpdhkh f wdOHd;al f,dalh

we;-ke; hk ixl,a m fol weiq r e
lrka mj;S' fuhg fya;= jkafka WmhWmdodk-wNskf
s ji-ksnoaO-fhN=hH hk
ufkdauh iajNdjhka mihs'
f lpdk f.d;a;l NslaIqjg m[ap
Wmdodkla L ka O Ou;d .% y lr ka
wdldrhhs'
1' rEm WmdodklaLkaOh" Wmh jYfhkq;a
2' fokd Wmdodkla L ka O h" Wmdodkh
jYfhkq;a
3' i[a \ Wmdodkla L ka O h" wNs k s f ji
jYfhkq;a
4' ixia l dr Wmdodkla L ka O h" ks n oa O
jYfhkq;a
5' [a\K WmdodklaLkaOh" fhN=hH ^thu
Nju jYfhkq;a ykajd we;'&
fuys wmf.a wjOdkh fhduq lrkafka
3' i[a \ Wmdodkla L ka O h yka j d ka
wNskf
s ji hkakghs'

wkdh ^mD:.ack& kdulh ks;ru

kj ksjdij, jdih lrhs'
;u is; foi n,kak' Tn wm ieuf.a
wei" lK wd bkashhka ih u.ska kdu lhg
ks;ru rEm ,ef' fjdg Miai wdydr hk
kduho jHjydr flf' weig rEmhla f.dapr
fudfyd;la .;ug fmr fjk;a rEmhla
iaf' ta w;r;=r lKg Yo rEmhla f.dapr
f' ta w;r;=r lKg fjk;a Yo rEmhla
f.dapr f' f wdldrfhka f ndysr bkah
s hka
my u.ska rEm ,eu isf' tg tu rEmh
kue;s ksjfia wod< wdh;kfha kdulh jdih
lrhs' P Miaidh;k j, jdih lrhs' bka miqj
th w;ayer lKska ,enqk rEmh ksid kj
ksjil jdihg hhs' wNsksji lshkafka f
wruqKq ksid Wmk wdh;kj,gh' f wkqj
wkdh ka;kh fudfyd;la fudfyd;la mdid
ksjdi udre lrka wNsksfi.; tys
mxu" tys jdih lsu isf' tu.ska
flf,ia /ia f'
i;a:jdfid Nhx cd;xksfl;d cdhf;d rfcd
wksfl; uika:jx - tjx uqks oiaikx

^uqks iQ;%h - iq;a; ksmd;&

uu iu jdih lsu ksid Nh Wm' wei"
lK wd wdh;kj, jdih lsu ksid flf,ia
Wm' uu iu jdih fkdlsu;a wei" lK
wd wdh;kj, jdih fkdlsu;a uqkj
s rhdf.a
oYkhhs' ^kaokfhka uqla; uhs'& kj
wruq f Kka i[a \ /f.k ka o kh lrd
muq K q j hs ' mixf lg m;a j ka f ka f
wNsksfji fya;= fldg f.kh' tneka f
mixf lska uql;
a ug lsh
% d lrk wdh
ka ; k ud.fha .uka lrk ;eke;a ; d
wNsOufha jdih l< hq;=h' Tyq rd. oafY
Ou;d j, jdih fkdfldg i;HdjfndaOhg
Wmld jk fndamdlaIl
s Ou;dj, jdih l<
hq;h
= ' tneka ta Ou;d wNsOu k f'
wkdh mqoa.,hd jdih lrk wNsksfji
fjkqjg wdh ud.fha .uka lrk ;eke;a;d
wNs O ufha jdih ls ug i,id we;'
wNskf
s ji Ou;djhg idfmalaIj wNsOu
Ou;djh wdh ka;k ud.h i|yd ieliS
we;s neka ta i|yd Nd;d jk fndamdlaIsl
Ou;d jk 1' i;r i;smGdkh 2' i;r
iumamOdk 3' i;r boamdo 4' m[ap bkah
s
5' m[ap n, 6' i;a; fndCOx. 7' wdh
wGx.sl ud.h ;sf,da.=re nqka jykafia
iska wNsOu jYfhka fmkajd we;' wdh
ka;k ud.fha .uka lrk fhda.djprhd
wruqKq yuqf f wNsOufha jdih l< hq;h
= '
prd: Of is jkafka tghs' wdrN: kslaLu: - iq[ac: nqoaOidifk wdh
ud.h wrUka k ' wkdh ud.fhka
kslf
a ukak' nqoO
a wkqidikdf fhfokak'

ksidg wNsOula wjYH jkafka wehs@

kdulhg wei" lK wd bkashhkaf.ka
Mia i wdydr ,efnk g Tyq g yeis ug
Ouhla we;=,;ska wefia' ir, WodyrK f.k
uid n,uq' weiska wU f.hla olsk g wkak
fYdala wU lla ;sf' ;shd we;=<;ska wefik
Ouhla we;' .kak .kak lkak" lkak wU
lla .kak kE' wU lkak kE' ^oeka wU
lEf fhfohs' ri hs' bkamiq kslauhhs'
we;=,;ska wefik f Ouh ldf.ao@ fuf;la
is;;=, OdrKh jQ [a[dKh lshk Ouh
fkdfo @ ;j;a tl ksoiqkla muKla .uq'
wkak mdf ksfyla hkjd' Th ksyd ug

nekakd' nekmx' Th ksyg .ymka' oeka

ksidg nkS' .ihs' ;ry wvqlr .ksh's miqj
fYdal ix;dmhg m;af' Tyq iu meje;s
;ry ;j;a jeh' f nK fyj;a Ouh
wefikafka fldfykao@ ldf.kao @ Tf ;a;
ika;dkfhkau fkdfo@ we;=,;ska fkdfo@
fuf;la Tn ;kd.;a [a\Kfhka fkdfo@
th ;ekqfka Tng wruqKq yuqf weiqKq Ouh
wkqj yeisfuka fkdfo@ f Ouh ksid Is;
jev lrka la lror llfgdj,g uQK
mdka fYdal ika;dm la fodkia j,g f.dre
fjkjd fkdfo@ b;ska Tn nqoau;a k l<
hq;f
a ;a l=ulao @ fun lror llfgd j,g
m;a fkdjk kj u.la fiu wdrN lsu
fkdfo @
wdrN: nqoO
a dkqidikdjg ijka kj
u. fiu wrUkak' ;slaLu: ta wkdh
u.ska ^je/ u.ska& kslafukak kj wdh
u.g msfikak' th ksj/ ud.hhs'
hq [ a c : nq o a O idifk is ; we;= , ;g
wNs O uh ,efnk nq o a O dkq i dikdf
fhfokak' th wmamudfok imdfo:'
wm%udoj l=i, is;=,s Wmojd tu jer
u.s k a ks j / u.g ml% u Kh jka k '
^mlaluk mhdh - i,af,L iQ;%h - u'
ks' 1& udksj;a:" wNslaLu" fkdkej;=j
bhgu hkak'

[a\Kh lshk Ouh wid tu Oufha

yeisr la lror llfgd j,g m;au j,ld
.ekSu i|yd ksidg wruqKq yuqf yeisug
wNsOuhla wjYHf' tu wNsOuh Tn wm
ieuf.a is;;=, jevisk nqoO
a ^wjfndaOh& k
f' tu nqoaO wruqKq yuqf Ouhla lshd
wOufha yeisfrk Tn thska .,jd wNsOufha
yeis ug i,ia j d Tn oeye khdkq l + ,
mqo.
a ,fhl= lrhs' tu wNsOuh Tng ;sirKh
fyj;a ;s % O r;a k h k f' is ; ;= ,
f.dvke.= K wNs O uh nq o a O f' wruq K
yuqf ta nqoaO irKf' Ouhla lshhs' ta
Ouh irK f' ta nqoaO Ou foflka is;g
ix.%yhla ,e ^ix.fyd& Tn wNskfha
yiqrejhs'
iehq;a udysmdfKda .=,siaidks iQ;%
foaYkdf wrKHjdiS yd Y%dujdiS ieugu
wNsOuhla muKla fkdj wNskhlao wjYH

nj fuys nqka jod< Ouh hgf;a olajd we;'

wr[a [ flk wdjq f id Ns l a L q k d
wNsOfu wNskfh fhdf.dlrKSfhd'
mfyj .duka; ydkd;s' ^.=,siaidks
iQ;%h - uCu ksldh 2&
weje;aks wrKHjdiS NslaIqj wNsOufha
yd wNskfha fhda.Hu is l< hq;h
= 's tneka
.%dujdiS NslaIqj .ek lshkqu ljfo@ fufia
wkqidikd lf<a wrKHjdiS .=,siaidks NslaIqj
ydrhg meK fkd.rej fkdiremaj yeisu
wrNhdh'

wkdh ks i dg wNs khl= ; a

wjYHo @
ks i dg wNs O uhla muKla fkdj
wNskhlao wjYH nj j;udk iudch foi
n,d wjfndaO lr.uq' wo ksidg khla keoao
@ ;sf' tl fol fY%aKsfha l=vd YsIHfhl= .uq'
Tyq mx;sfha khdkql+, jkafka .=rejrhdf.a
fih u; fldagj
q ;sfnk ksid fkdfo @ f,dl=
ksii
a q ;j wfhl=g ysxid fkdlrkafka wkai;=
foa fidrl fkdlrkafka fmd,Sish kS;sh
ls%hd;aul lsu ksid fkdfo @ ryis.;j
w,a,ia .kafka wehs @ fun Is; jevj,
fkdfh fjk;a Is ; ls % h d fkdlr
khdkql+,j yeisfrkafka ovqjug we;s
h ksid fkdfo @ ovqju fkdue;s k
Tjqka ;=, f khdkql+,Ndjh - kh
mj;So @ f wkqj ovqjug we;s h ksid
is jk kh kh i th wNs kh
fkdf' kS;sh yd ovqj f.dvk.kafka
khhs ' nq oyka f.dvk.ka f ka
wNskhhs'

wNskh hkq l=ulao @

wNskh hkq wNsOuh ;=,k
s a isjk iajhx
wjfndaOh irK f.dvkef.k iajhx khg
Nd;d lrk kduhhs ' ks i d ;= , ia j hx
wjfndaOhla yd iajhx khla ke;s ksid rglg
fmd,Sish" yuqodj" wlrK Yd,d wlrKh"
ksiqrejre ysrf.j,a yd t,a.i wjYH
f'
;sf,da.=re nqka jykafia mqrd mkaid,sia
jila jEh lf<a wNs O uh ks i a ;a ;
ika;dkfha OdrKh fldg ksid wNskhg
m;a lsughs' wo tu u. jid oud nqoaOf>daI

ys nuqKq Ndjkdjla iudchg yqrelr we;s

neka is;;=, wNsOuh f.dvk.k i;a;sia
wdldrjQ fnda mdla I s l Ou ks i a ;a ;
ika;dkhg we;=,a fkdf' OdrKh fkdf'
iaurKh fkdf' Nj fkdf' is;;=, mj;akd
rd.h oafIh" fudayh wruqKq yuqf iaurKh
f' Nj f' mqkNj f' iuqmm
a kak f' f
u. j,ld,Su i|yd Wmld jkafka ioaOd
cdhf;d Wmixlu;s - Wmixluf;d
mhqremdi;s' hkd jYfhka ldml k jQ
nqoau;a ;reKhdg fmkajd ka oajdoidldr
uqla;s u. i nqoaOf>dIf.a iqoa ud.h
fkdf' tfia u kd.cq k S fldKa v wdka
f.dvke.+ wNsOu msglh lr;nd .ekSu
fkdf'
ksidg wjYH ksia ;a; ika;dkfha
mj;akd rd.h" oafIh" fudayh m%ySk lrk
iajdlaLd; Ouhls' nqoaOf>daI th kdY
lsug tajd ,shjqk .%ka: .sksn;a l<;a nqoaO
ka;kh wurKShj mj;S' wmf.a oym;
wdf,dalh bvlv u ksid ,. fmdfyda ko
wNsOuh yd wNskh is;;=, f.dvk.k l%u
iy wmf.a idlPdjg fhdod .uq' tf;la
f Ou ud.h kej; kej; kqjKska fufkys
lr wjfndaO lr .uq'

Ou .=re'