6013说明书英文版

QTZ80（6013）塔式起重机使用说明书 C.
目录
概述 ................................................................................. 2
General description ..................................................................... 2
一、起重机技术性能及外观尺寸 ........................................................ 4
1.Performance and technical index ....................................................... 4
1.1. 整机技术性能（见表 1）Technical performance parameters ....................... 4
1.2. 主要工作机构技术指标（见表 2）Technical parameters of operating mechanisms ... 6
1.3. 外观尺寸（独立式） .......................................................... 8
二、塔机主要构造及特点 .............................................................. 9
2.Brief introductions to the structure of tower crane.................................... 9
2.1. 总体布置 Overall arrangement ................................................ 9
2.2. 主要结构名称及外形尺寸 Structure and overall dimension...................... 10
三、塔机安装 ....................................................................... 21
3.Erection Crane ....................................................................... 21
3.1. 塔机安装场地参考位置 Erection and assembling sequence....................... 21
3.2. 塔机地基基础的预埋，基础图(见图 9) Concrete foundation (Figure 9) ........... 21
3.3. 立塔 Erection tower crane ................................................... 24
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QTZ80(6013) Tower Crane Operating Instruction C.0
概述
General description
QTZ80（6013）塔式起重机，是按行业标准 JG/T 5037-93《塔式起重机分类》设计的新
型塔式起重机。该机为水平臂架，小车变幅，上回转自升式多用途塔机，其主要特点如下：
QTZ80(6013)tower crane ，which is designed and manufactured according to the
standards of JG/T 5037-93 tower crane-classification ,is a new type tower crane.
The tower crane is a self-climbing multi-purpose machine with a horizontal jib,a
trolleying mechanism and an upper slewing mechanism.Its characteristics are:
1. 该机的各项性能参数及技术指标均达到国内领先水平，其中最大工作幅度达 60 米，
同时根据施工需要，还可变换为 54 米、48 米、42 米、36 米、30 米臂长。
The performance parameters and technical indicator of crane achieve the domestic
advanced level. Its max jib length is 60m,or assembled as 54m、48m、42m、36m、 30m
to satisfy the needs of the different rotary space.
2. 整机外型为国际流行式，美观大方，深受广大用户的喜爱。
The whole machine is of fine shape, international popular design, was greeted
by consumer.
3. 有多种工作方式，适用范围广，该机有独立式基础，外墙附着式等工作方式，适合
各种不同的施工对象，独立式最大起升高度可达 46 米。附着式是在独立式的基础上，增加
塔身标准节和附着装置，起升高度可达 181 米。
The machine has such working versions as stationary, attachment, which can meet
the needs of the constructions. Stationary hoisting height is 46m. The hoisting
height of the crane anchored to the building reaches to 181m base on the undercarriage
stationary,added the tower sections and anchored devices.
4. 塔机工作速度快、高速性能好、工作平稳、效率高，起升机构基本上实现了重载低
速，轻载高速。小车变幅机构具有两种速度满足工作需要；回转机构设有常开式停止器，
使塔机就位准确，便于安全作业。
The hoisting mechanism can obtain the desired hoisting speed and achieve the
slow positioning of a load. Slewing mechanism adopts two sets of symmetry arrangement,
planetary drive with the smoothness of starting and braking. Trolley travel mechanism
has two speeds.
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QTZ80（6013）塔式起重机使用说明书 C.0
5. 塔机安全保护装置齐全，配置有起重量限制器、起重力矩限制器、高度限位器、回
转限位器、小车断绳保护装置，小车防坠落装置及回转、变幅机构的制动器等安全装置，
且均为机械式或机电一体化产品，灵敏可靠，能适应于恶劣的施工环境，确保塔机工作的
安全可靠，同时还设有休息平台，护栏等劳动安全保护设施，以保障塔机装拆、检修及司
机上下通行时的人身安全。
It is equipped with complete,sensitive,and reliable safety protection
system,such as weight limiting device,moment limiting device,hoisting alititude
limiator,derricking travel limitator,and slewing angle limitator,rope brakeoff
preventor,shaft breakoff preventor,etc.All equipped safety devices are mechanical
or mechanical-electrical integrated products,and adapt to all badly conditions to
ensure the crane working.
6. 司机室独立外置，视野好，内部空间大，操作舒适、安全。为操作者提供了良好的
工作环境。司机通过先进的联动台操作各机构动作，操作容易，维修简单。
Its independently external driver’s cab is equipped with interlock console.
For control all relevant mechanism,and it is characterized for
capaciousness,coziness,safety,handiness,and a wide field of vision.
7. 本产品的设计完全符合或优于有关国家标准。
The design of crane completely conforms to or is superior to the relevant national
standards.
基于以上特点，它既能满足中、小城市一般民用建筑需要，又能满足适用于大、中城市
高层或超高层民用建筑的需要，同时也可用于桥梁、水利工程、大跨度工业厂房以及采用滑
模法施工的高大烟囱等大型建筑工程，对港口、货场的装卸作业也能适用。
The machine can meet the needs of the constructions of urban medium and high-rise
buildings, factory buildings, power stations, dams and bridges, etc.
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一、起重机技术性能及外观尺寸
1.Performance and technical index
1.1. 整机技术性能（见表 1）Technical performance parameters
Table 1 Technical performance parameters
起升机构
M5
Hoisting mechanism
回转机构
机构工作级别 M4
Slewing mechanism
变幅机构
M4
Trolley traverl mechanism
额定起重力矩（kN·m）
800
Rated Load Moment
最大起重量（t）
6
Maximum lifting weight
工作幅度（m）Working Radius 2.5～60
独立式最大起升高度（m）
46
Hoisting height（stationary）
附着式最大起升高度（m）
181
Hoisting height（attachment）
回转速度（r/ min）
0.62
Slewing Speed
变幅速度（m/min）
20 40
Trolley travel speed
顶升速度（m/min）
0.4～0.7
Climbing Speed
起升速度（2 倍率）（m/min）
4.5 19.5 40
Hoisting Speed（two fall）
起升速度（4 倍率） m/min）
9 39 80
Hoisting Speed（four fall）
4
臂长组合（m） 60 54 48 42 36 30
最大回转半径（m）
61.6 55.6 49.6 43.6 37.6 31.6
Front-end Slewing Radius
平衡重（t）
17.75 15.1 13.25 12.45 9.8 7.15
Weight of Counterweight
电网（V/Hz）Power 380 / 50
工作温度（℃）
-20～ +40
Working Temperature
整机功率（kW）Machine Power 34.7
整机重量（t）
42.2
Machine Weight
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1.2.主要工作机构技术指标（见表 2）Technical parameters of operating mechanisms

Table 2 Technical parameters of operating mechanisms
型号 Model YZTD225L 2
电动机
功率 Power（kW） 24/24/5.4
Motor
电机极比 Numbers of poles 4/8/32
制动器型号 Model YWZ3-315/45
Brake 制动力矩 Braking moment

（N.m） 630
型号 Type TQJ566
减速器中心距
起升机构 566
Reducing unit Center to center spacing（mm）
Hoisting
速比 Ratio of speed 15.69
mechanism
6×29Fi+IWR-13-1770
钢丝绳 Wire rope
35W×7-13-1770
倍率 Fall a=2 a=4
起升速度
（m/min） 9 39 80 4.5 19.5 40
Load-lifting Speed
最大起重量
（t） 3 3 1.5 6 6 3
Maximum lifting weight
型号 Model YZR132M 2 -6
电动机
功率 Power（kW） 3.7×2
Motor
回转机构转速 Rotating speed（r/min） 908
Slewing 制动器内置常开式电磁停止器
mechanism Brake Built-in normal open Magnetic brake
减速器 Reducing unit i=195
回转支承 Slewing ring HSW.40.1435Fi
型号 Model YDEJ132S-4/8
变幅机构电动机
功率 Power （kW） 3.3/2.2
Trolley Motor
转速 Rotating speed（r/min） 1310/670
traverl
减速器摆线针轮减速机
mechanism
Reducing unit Cycloidal Gear Gearbox
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制动器电磁制动器
Brake Magnetic brake
6×19-8-1670-I-甲-镀-右交
钢丝绳
6×19-8-1670-I-First-plat-right
Wire rope
twist
电动机型号 Model Y132M-4

顶升机构
Motor 功率 Power（kW） 7.5
Climbing
液压泵站流量 Flow（L/min） 14
mechanism
Pump station 压力 Pressure（MPa） 25
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1.3. 外观尺寸（独立式）
图1 QTZ80(6013)塔机外形尺寸图(独立式)
Figure 1. Overall dimensions（stationary）
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二、塔机主要构造及特点
2.Brief introductions to the structure of tower crane
2.1. 总体布置 Overall arrangement
2.1.1 独立式 Stationary
本塔机独立式的最大起升高度为 46 米。可采用二倍率或四倍率钢丝绳起升。塔身下部
通过基础节与基础相连，上部通过下支座及回转支承与上支座相连。司机室侧置于支座上，
前方是起重臂，后方是平衡臂，起升机构设在平衡臂尾部，回转机构置于上支座一侧，变幅
小车由变幅机构牵引，沿臂架来回运动，起重臂、平衡臂均用刚性拉杆与塔顶连接。
The maximun hoisting height of stationary tower is 46m.Mechanism can use 2 fall
or 4 fall.Lower tower stand on the base by base section, and its upper part is
connected to the upper slewing part tower crane via the lower abutment and slewing
ring. Cabin is fixed on the upper abutment, jib is in front of the cabin, and
counter-jib is back. Hoisting mechanism is fixed on the tail of counter-jib. Slewing
mechanism adopts two sets of symmetry arrangement on upper abutment side. Trolley
travel mechanism makes the trolley with load travel forward and backward by means
of wire rope at high speed of 0～40 m/min. The counter-jib, counter-jib guy rod,
slewing tower and tower head are intergrated into one by the aid of shaft-pins.
在下支座下端是爬升架，围在塔身四周，根据建筑物加高的需要，通过由顶升机构顶起
塔机上部结构，引进标准节，以升高塔机的高度。
The lower end of the lower abutment is the climbing frame, which surrounds the
tower body. To meet construction needs,climbing mechanism can jack the upper
structure of tower crane to guide mast sections for increasing tower crane height.
2.1.1 附着式
附着式塔机最大起升高度为 181 米，在工作高度达 90 米前，可采用二倍率或四倍率钢
丝绳起升，当工作高度超过 90 米时，只能采用二倍率钢丝绳起升，附着式的结构布置与独
立式相同，此时为提高塔机的稳定性和刚度，保证塔机的正常工作，在塔身全高内须设置 5
道附着装置。要求塔身中心线距建筑物的距离为 4 米，附着装置之间的距离尺寸必须严格
按照本书相关说明进行布置（具体详见塔机附着安装处说明）。
The maximun hoisting height of attached tower crane is 181m. Tower crane can
use 2 fall wire rope or 4 fall before 90m,only use 2 fall wire rope over 90m.
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Attachment’s structure is the same as the stationary. Five attached frames are
used as an anchor device by which attaches the one side of the building to strength
its stability and retain its hoisting capacity. As a result, the tower crane can
reliably be joined together with the buileing perpendicular to the horizontal plane
and the axis of tower crane is perpendicular to ground.（the tower crane center
to the building distance’s design value is 4m）
2.2. 主要结构名称及外形尺寸 Structure and overall dimension
2.1.1 金属结构 Mental structure
金属结构主要包括：基础节，标准节，附着装置，爬升架，上、下支座及回转支承，回
转塔身，司机室，塔顶，平衡臂，起重臂及相应拉杆等。
Mental structure are composed of base section，mast section, attached frame,
upper abutment, lower abutment, slewing ring, slewing tower, cabin, tower head,
counter-jib, jib, counter-jib guy rods, jib guy rods.
（1）基础节：塔身基础节是角钢拼方及其他型材组焊而成的整体框架结构，下端通过法
兰与预埋基础地脚螺栓定位板用高强地脚螺栓相连，上端用高强螺栓与下塔身加强节相连，
基础节中心线尺寸为： 1665×1665×2840, 基础节内有供人上下的爬梯。
Base section：The base section is connected with mast section by 12 high strength
bolts, while the lower part is connected with the flange by high strength anchor
bolt. It is a welding integer frame by anglespilt joint .
（2）塔身：塔身由 3 个下塔身加强节和 12 个上塔身标准节构成(独立塔 46 米)，下塔身
标准节由角钢扣方的主弦杆和其它型钢杆件焊接而成，上塔身标准节同样由角钢扣方的主弦
杆和其它型钢杆件焊接而成。下塔身与上塔身标准节有一个明显的区别，就是下塔身加强节
主弦每端有 3 个连接套，而上塔身标准节主弦每端只有 2 个连接套，主弦杆中心线尺寸为：
1665×1665×2800，标准节内有供人上下的爬梯，并设有休息小平台。
Mast section：It is a welding integer frame by anglespilt joint 135mm×135mm,

consists of four lower tower sections and eight upper tower sections, lower tower
section has three connection hole each joint beam,and the upper has two.
（3）附着装置：由三根撑杆、框架等组成，撑杆一端通过框与塔身连接，另一端用销轴
与建筑物预埋铁件连成一体。附着架必须采用原厂制造产品。附着架按照塔机中心线距离建
筑物 4m 设置，如实际工程有变化，请与本公司联系设计非标附着装置。
Attached frame：Consists of a set of righ beams and three struts. When erection,
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the righ beamsclamp down the tower section and the two ends of struts articulate
separately with righ beams and the abutment buried in the building. Attached frame
is provided in accordance with 4m wall-tie-in distance if no special requirements.
Otherwise please consult us.
（4）爬升架：爬升架由爬升架结构、平台、栏杆、调节滚轮、爬爪、引进梁、引进滚轮
等组成，安装爬升架时，大窗口应与标准节焊有踏步的方向相反，爬升架结构安装前应先装
好调节滚轮，8 套滚轮装置应装在规定的位置，并调整滚轮的间隙：首先检查对角线上的两
套滚轮是否在对角线上，再转动调整螺栓调整滚轮位置，使其顶住塔身标准节主弦杆，注
意每套滚轮的调整螺栓的伸出部分应一样长，8 套滚轮的 16 个调整螺栓的伸出长度也应基本
相等，以保证爬升架与塔身之间的主弦杆等距，最后将 16 个调整螺栓退后 1-2 毫米，使滚
轮与塔身主弦杆之间保持 2-3 毫米的间隙。
Climbing frame：mainly consists of the sleeve frame, upper and lower platforms,
hydraulic device and guiding device for mast sections.Lift up the climbing frame
and introduce it into the fixed tower section. Note the climbing frame with the
cylinder should face the tower section with the ring bracing. Adjust the clearance
between 8 guiding wheels on the climbing frame and main chord of the tower, the
clearance is 2～3mm,.
（5）下支座、回转支承及上支座：上、下支座能作相对运动。下支座通过法兰及连接
套通过高强度螺栓分别与爬升架及塔身标准节连接，上支座通过连接套与回转塔身连接。
Upper and lower abutments, slewing ring：The upper abutment on the slewing ring
support is connected with the inner gear ring of slewing ring support using bolts.
The lower abutment is a box-shaped abutment of unmoving part of tower crane. The
external gear ring of slewing ring support is fixed on its upper part. The lower
abutment is connectd with the external gear ring of slewing ring support by means
of bolts, the relative slewing motion between the upper and lower abutments can be
carried out by the aid of the sleing mechanism. The upper abutment is connectd with
the slewing tower, while the lower one is connectd with the tower sections.
（6）回转塔身：用钢管及钢板组焊而成。其前后焊接有耳板分别用特制销轴与平衡臂及
起重臂臂根连接。内部装有起重量限制器并起穿绕起升钢丝绳的定滑轮作用。
Slewing tower：The lower part of slewing tower is connected with the upper
abutment using high-tensile bolts, while the upper part is connected with tower head
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using pins. Both front and rear ends of earplate are separately connected with the
counter-jib and jib. A load limiter is installed on the upper part.
（7）司机室：为外挂式，其下部通过支承槽钢与上支座连接，如有特别要求，还可在司
机室上部通过拉杆斜拉在塔顶主弦杆上，以使司机室更稳固。司机室内装有控制台、电源插
座及操作坐椅。
Cabin：The lower part of cabin is connected with the upper abutment using pins,
while the special requirement, upper part is connected with slewing tower using tie.
The cabin is used as a control room for the driver to operate the tower crane.It
is fixed on the right side of the slewing tower.Various of indicators on the linkage
operating console and the lever are located at the both sides of the driver’s seat,
it’s convenient for operation and observation.
（8）塔顶：四根主弦杆分别由两条等边角钢组焊而成。在塔顶上设有机械式力矩限制器，
顶部设有连接平衡臂拉杆和起重臂拉杆的铰销吊耳，以及穿绕起重钢丝绳定滑轮，顶部装有
安装平台、障碍灯、风速仪、避雷针（根据客户需要）。
Tower head：The tower head is an oblique cone, its upper can be connected with
jib and counter-jib by means of the guy rod, and keeps in equilibrium of both jib
and counter-jib, and the lower end links slewing tower using 4 shaft-pins.In order
to erect the guy rods of the jib and counter-jib, the working platform and pulley
blocks are fitted on the upper part of tower head.
（9）平衡臂：平衡臂为槽钢及角钢组焊而成的结构，分两节，用耳板销轴连接，平衡臂
上设有栏杆及过道，尾部设置工作平台，平衡臂的一端用两根特制的销轴与回转塔身相连，
另一端通过刚性拉杆同塔顶相连，尾部装有平衡重和起升机构，起升机构本身有独立的底架，
用四根销轴安装在平衡臂上，平衡重的重量随起重臂长度改变而变化，60 米臂时为 17.75 吨，
54 米臂时为 15.1 吨，48 米臂时为 13.25 吨，42 米臂时为 12.45 吨，36 米臂时为 9.8 吨，
30 米臂时为 7.15 吨。平衡臂拉杆分两组，通过特制的销轴分别将塔顶和平衡臂尾部的拉杆
耳板连接，将平衡臂挂至水平位置，尾部装上障碍灯。
Counter-jib: The counter-jib has two sections which are connected with the
shaft-pins. The counter-jib, counter-jib guy rod, slewing tower and tower head are
integrated into obe by the aid of shaft-pins, and there are the guard rail and catwalk
on both sides of the counter-jib.
Check whether hoisting mechanism，rope-guiding device are properly fixed. The
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counter-jib guy rod (part) is connected with the counter-jib using shaft-pins, and
it is fixed on the left and right grab rails by means of hemp strings. Determine
the weight of counterweight blocks according to the jib length, sling the
counterweight blocks on the counter-jib using a mobile crane.
（10）起重臂：起重臂上弦杆为无缝钢管、下弦杆为两条角钢拼焊而成的方管，整个臂
架为三角形截面，共分为十一节，节与节之间用销轴连接，拆装方便，为了提高起重性能，
减轻起重臂的起重量，起重臂采用双吊点，变截面空间桁架结构，在起重臂第二节放置小车
变幅机构，臂架上安装有变幅小车，在小车上设置有吊篮，便于安装与维修，臂架根部第一
节与回转塔身用销轴连接。在第三节、第八节臂设有吊点，通过起重臂拉杆将此两吊点与塔
顶连接。
Jib：Jib has 11 sections which are connected by shaft-pins and hanging points
of the guy rods.Trolley travel mechanism fixed on Jib 2. Two sling points are on
Jib3 and Jib 8.
起重臂在组装时，必须严格按照每节臂上序号标记组装，不允许错位或随意组装，起重
臂最大臂长为 60 米。根据施工要求也可以组装成 54 米、48 米、42 米、36 米、30 米等臂长。
As for different specifications, the jib can be extended respectively to 54m，

48m,42m,36m or 30m.
两组起重臂拉杆上端通过特制的销轴与塔顶耳板连接，其下端通过特制销轴分别与起重
臂上弦杆的吊点销孔连接而将起重臂悬挂为水平形式。
Sling the jib and connect the articulated points of the jib foot with the
articulated point of the slewing tower by means of shaft-pins.
☆☆ 注意：起重臂上弦、下弦杆及拉杆销轴均为特制零件，不得代换。☆☆
2.1.1 工作机构 Operating mechanism

起重机的工作机构包括：起升机构、回转机构、变幅机构及顶升机构，分别简介如下：
Tower crane operating mechanisms are composed of hoisting mechanism, slewing
mechanism, trolley travel mechanism, hydraulic climbing system.
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（1）起升机构（见图 2）Hoisting mechanism(Figure 2)
图2 起升机构简图
Figure 2 hoisting mechanism
1．三速电动机 Three-speed motor 2．弹性联轴节 elastic coupling 3．液力推机制动器 Electro hydraulic brake 4.
圆柱齿轮减速器 gearbox 5．十字滑块联轴器 cross slide coupling 6．卷筒 drum
7．高度限位器 Height limiter
起升机构由一台三速电动机驱动，电动机型号 YZTD225L 2 ，24/24/5.4kW，通过弹性联轴

节与圆柱齿轮减速器驱动起升长卷筒。本机构采用电机变速及变倍率调整起升速度，使起升
速度实现高速轻载、低速重载。本机构还装有高度限位装置，避免起升时卷筒发生过卷及钢
丝绳松盘现象。通过调整高度限位器行程开关的碰块位置，以实现吊钩在最大高度时起升机
构断电停车，确保高度限位的安全。
Hoisting mechanism adopts YZTD225L 2 -4/8/32,24/24/5.4kW three-speed
motor,whichbrings gearbox to drive drum, which obtain three different working
speeds.So tower crane has the features of light-load in high-speed, heavy-load in
low-speed.Tower crane has height limiter,is installed on the end of the drum shaft.
When heavy objects come up to the highest or lowest location, hoisting gear can stop
automatically and allow to run in the reverse direction.
（2）回转机构（见图 3）Slewing mechanism(Figure 3)
图3 回转机构及回转支承装置简图
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Figure 3 slewing mechanism and slewing ring
1．电动机 motor 2．液力偶合器 couder 3. 内置式（常开）电磁止动器 broker 4．行星减速器 Gearbox 5．主动
小齿轮 gear
回转机构由两台功率为 3.7kW 的 YZR132M 2 -6 型电动机驱动，布置在回转支承两侧。动

力经液力偶合器至行星减速器使主动小齿轮围绕回转支承大齿轮作行星运动而反推上部作
回转运动。本机采用液力偶合器可使其回转起动、停止平稳、惯性小，从而改善了塔机的工
作状况。为使回转就位精确，本机构中还装有内置式（常开）电磁停止器以实现回转止动，
该停止器仅适用于在回转电机停止工作后，起重臂旋转趋于停止时使用。工作停止后，该制
动器应打开，即通电制动，断电打开。
The slewing mechanism is a drive device which supplies the upper slewing of the
tower crane with power. Slewing mechanisms adopt slewing gears YZR132M 2 -6-B5-3.7kW，
which are arranged symmetrically on both sides of slewing ring and fixed on upper
abumtment. Its pinions are engaged .with the large gear ring of slewing support ring.
Thus the crane can start and brake smoothly without impact force.
（3）变幅机构（见图 4）Trolley travel mechanism(Figure 4)
变幅机构是载重变幅小车的变幅驱动装置，它由功率为 2.2/3.3kw，YDEJ132S-4/8 型电
动机驱动摆线针轮减速器带动变幅卷筒，通过钢丝绳使变幅小车在臂架轨道上来回变幅运
动，在本机构卷筒的两端固定有钢丝绳的端头，当变幅小车走在最外端或最里端时，卷筒的
两端均保留有 3-4 圈钢丝绳，在放出和卷进钢丝绳之卷筒上还有 3-4 圈钢丝绳直径距离的光
卷筒，当工作一段时间后，若钢绳被拉长而挠度过大时，可用变幅小车的棘轮停止器将钢丝
绳收紧。
Trolley travel mechanism is the power device that makes load trolley back and
forth perform changing radius. YDEJ132S-4/8 pole 3.3/2.2kW motor drives drum,which
makes load trolley back and forth perform luffing motion on jib rail . After the
system is wound and fixed,the tension of wire rope should be pay attention to,
excessive flabby will cause the object on the hoisting hook to swing, in this case
the tensioning ratchet on trolley can be adjusted properly.
The purpose of the trolley travel limiter is to avoid any possible drive error
and to stop the trolley montion before reaching the buffers of the jib end or foot.
In any event,on the drum having 3-4 dead turns.
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图4 变幅机构及变幅钢丝绳穿绕简图
Figure 4.trolley travel winding system
（4）顶升机构（见图 5 、6）Hydraulic climbing system （Figure 5 ,Figure 6）
图 5 液压顶升系统原理图
Figure 5 hydraulic climbing system
1．油缸 Climbing cylinder 2．双向液控锁（或平衡阀）Bidirectional hydraulic control lock （equilibrium valve）
3．单向节流阀 return orifice check valve 4．电机 Motor 5．滤油器 Purolator 6．空气滤清器 air filter 7．手动
阀 manual valve 8．压力表 pressure gauge 9．溢流阀 spillover valve 10．泵 Oil pump
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图6 液压顶升系统简图
Figure 6 hydraulic climbing system
1. 电动机 motor 2. 压力表及溢流阀 pressure gauge and spillover valve 3. 手动换向阀 manual valve 4. 油箱 oil
tank 5. 油标 oil scale 6. 平衡阀 equilibrium valve 7. 油缸 Climbing cylinder 8. 高压软管 high-pressure hose
9. 油管 hose 10. 注油口 pouring orifice 11. 顶升横梁 climbing cross-member
液压顶升机构由电动机驱动齿轮油泵，液压油经手动换向阀、平衡阀进入液压缸，使液
压缸伸缩，实现塔机上部的升降。本机构与爬升架上两个活动爬爪配合工作，塔机能自行顶
升接高或拆降。此机构工作平稳，操作简单方便，安全可靠，在工作行程中可使其停留在任
何位置，以便塔身标准节的安装拆卸。塔机安装时，先将油缸顶升横梁组装在一起，再与爬
升架连接，随爬升架安装，为了防止油缸摆动，应将其组件与爬升架临时固定。
液压泵站（包括油箱、电动机和换向阀等）待塔机基础节安装后，吊运到爬升架平台上，
随爬升架一起安装，然后拆除液压缸组件与爬升架的临时固定，再连接二根高压软管，各方
面检查无误后，方可试车，先使液压缸无载伸缩数次，检查有无异常现象，并排除液压系统
内空气。
The working of hydraulic climbing system is completed by moter drive oil pump,oil
liquid output (from manuall valve, equilibrium valve) ruturn to oil tank，makes
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piston climb or back. Hydraulic climbing system makes the tower crane be smoother
and operation be safrer and more reliable.Fix the climbing cylinder and climbing
cross-member on climbing frame temporarily.
After installing base section,hydraulic pumping plant is hoisted and installed
on the platform,connect oil tube,and check the hydraulic system for nomal operation.
（5）绳轮系统与换倍率装置
本塔机有两套独立的绳轮系统，即起升钢丝绳系统和小车变幅钢丝绳系统。
① 起升钢丝绳系统（见图 7）The hoisting rope winding system(see Figure 7)
起升钢丝绳由起升机构卷筒放出，经塔顶滑轮和起重量限制器上的导向滑轮，进入变幅
小车及吊钩滑轮组，最后固定在起重臂头部防扭装置上。
小车上有三个固定滑轮，吊钩上有两个固定滑轮和一个活动滑轮。活动滑轮可以顶在小
车车架下部横梁上，也可以用销轴固定于吊钩夹板中间。通过改变活动滑轮的位置，即可实
现 2 倍率变 4 倍率。起吊 4 吨及以下重物时，可使用 2 倍率或 4 倍率，如起吊 3 吨以上重物
时，则只能用 4 倍率。
The hoisting rope is released from the wire rope drum,passing through the rope
discharging pulley,going through the guide pulley on tower head,going down into the
pulley of overload limiter in the slewing tower body,running further to the trolley
and hook pulley block.It is finally fixed on the anti-torsion device at the jib end
by rope clips.
1.起升机构卷筒 Hoisting drum 2. 排绳滑轮 rope discharging pulley 3.塔顶起重量导向滑轮 Guide pulley at
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tower head 4.起重量限制器滑轮 overload limiter pulley 5.吊钩组滑轮 hook pulley 6.变幅小车滑轮 pulleys of
trolley 7.钢丝绳绳夹 8. 起重臂端部钢丝绳末端固定装置 9.活动滑轮 hook movable pulley
图7 起升钢丝绳穿绕示意图
Figure 7 Hoisting rope layout
② 小车变幅钢丝绳系统（见图 4）Trolley travel winding system(Figure 4)

小车变幅机构固定在起重臂根部第一节臂内，变幅机构卷筒按两个方向引出两根钢丝
绳。一根通过臂根导向滑轮固定于小车后部的环套上，另一根钢丝绳的一端通过起重臂上弦
及臂头的导向滑轮引入小车中间一个带棘轮张紧装置的小卷筒上。每根绳的另一端固定在卷
筒两端。变幅钢丝绳穿绕时必须张紧到合适的程度。如果使用一段时间后，钢丝绳松弛，可
以用棘轮紧定装置再行张紧。
The trolley travel mechanism is mounted on root jib section,let two wire ropes
from the wire drum,let one of them pass over the guide pulley at the root of jib,and
then fix it at the rear of the trolley,another one pass over the guide pulley at
the front-end of jib,and wind it on the tension device at the middle of trolley.
After a period of use,if the traction rope has become loosened,adjust tensioning
device to tension the rope.
（6）钢丝绳端部固定方法（见图 8）
首先将钢丝绳绕过绳环，钢丝绳端部固定前绳头必须用细钢丝捆扎，以防松散，捆扎长
度大于 50 毫米。用四个绳夹按图示要求夹紧。注意：钢丝绳固定时，绳夹滑鞍必须放在钢
丝绳工作时受力的一侧，U 型螺栓扣在钢丝绳的尾端。
绳夹钢丝绳 50mm
钢丝
d
（6～7）d （6～7）d （6～7）d
图 8 钢丝绳端部固定方法图
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三、塔机安装
3.Erection Crane
3.1. 塔机安装场地参考位置 Erection and assembling sequence
了解工地现场布局，确定起重机的安装位置。安装场地的大小及相对于建筑物的基础位
置见图 8。基础应按要求布置和施工，基础扎钢筋网后应进行隐蔽工程验收。浇灌好混凝土
后，必须有 21 天以上的养护期并应进行基础验收。塔机安装场地满足塔机外形尺寸，同时
满足吊装设备的场地要求（见下图 9）。
Make sure that the layout of construction site and soil condition. Clear away
the obstacles on site.
In accordance with the layout of the bulidings，determine the position of tower
crane foundation from the building，and then carry out the construction according
to the technical requirement stipulated on the concrete foundation drawing。
1770
13500 61600
起重臂
平衡臂
2295
图9 塔机安装场地参考尺寸图示
Figure 8 Erection and assembling sequence
塔机的安装位置应尽量靠近建筑物和最大预制构件的安装部位，以充分利用起重臂的有
效幅度和起重能力，还应考虑塔机安装、拆卸方便。塔机的最长旋转部分—起重臂，吊钩等
要避离输电线 5 米以上，以免触电伤人和发生机械事故。
Reducing to a minimum the time the auxiliary crane is used on site involoves
a good co-ordination between the erection and assembling sequences, the erector teams,
appropriate accesses and assembling area.Within 5m beyond the working radius of the
jib, there is no voltage wire.
3.2. 塔机地基基础的预埋，基础图(见图 9) Concrete foundation (Figure 9)
(1) 地基基础的土质应均匀、夯实，要求承载能力大于 20t/m2。
Concrete foundation base should be rammed to bear pressure of 20t/m2.
(2) 混凝土标号为 C35 以上，在基础内预埋有地脚螺栓，分布钢筋和受力钢筋等，基础的制
作应严格按图施工。
The grade of concrete strength is not less than C35, inside have anchor bolts，
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reinforcing bar and load reinforcing bar，concrete foundationmanufacture follows

close to the line of picture.
(3) 基础表面应平整，并校水平。
Concrete foundation surface should level, alignment.
(4) 基础与基础节下面四块连接板连接处应保证水平，可用水平仪测量，其水平度不大于
1/1000。
4 pieces of pre-embedded copper plates should be kept on same level. Use
gradienter measure,its levelness less than 1/1000.
(5) 基础必须做好接地措施，接地电阻不大于 4Ω。
(6) 基础必须做好排水措施，保证基础面及地脚螺栓不受水淹，同时做好基础保护措施，防
止基础受雨水冲洗、淘空基础周围泥土。
(7) 基础受力要求（独立塔）
载荷基础承载
工况 PH PV M MZ
工作状况 24 663 2102 320
非工作状况 89 596 2649 0
P H —— 基础所受水平力 kN
P V —— 垂直力 kN
M —— 倾覆力矩 kN·m
M Z —— 扭矩 kN·m
22
图9 QTZ80（6013）基础图
Figure 9 QTZ80(6013)Concrete foundation
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3.3. 立塔 Erection tower crane

用户在立塔前应熟读本机使用说明书，以便正确，迅速安装塔机。
Please read this manual carefully before erection the equipment, which involve
safety of persons and equipment.
立塔时需一台轮式吊车（或其它起重设备）辅助，其性能应适应起吊部件的需要，如能
妥善协调各种安装和组装步骤，合理安排立塔人员来往通道，组装场地之间的关系，则能将
使用辅助吊车的时间减至最少。
During erection, it requires an auxiliary mobile crane. The characteristics of
which must be correspond to the parts to be handled.
Reducing to a minimum the time the auxiliary crane is used on site involves a
good co-ordination between the erection and assembling sequences,the erector
teams,appropriate accesses and assembling area.
3.3.1 立塔的一般规定及注意事项 Erection tower crane general regulation and
attentions
（1）起重设备 Lifting equipment
1) 起重设备应根据安装场地具体情况选用大于 25 吨的汽车式起重机或其它起重设
备。
Depends on assembling sequences, use 25t mobile crane or lifting
equipment.
2) 使用辅助吊车时必须保证安全，因此必须做到：
Using auxiliary mobile crane must be carried out safely，so：
① 吊车必须垫妥。Properly pack up the mobile crane.
② 禁止超负荷工作。Do not overload the crane.
③ 根据吊装部件选用长度适当，质量可靠的吊具。Use slings in good order and
slect excat radius according to the weight of suspended object.
④ 注意吊点的选择。Respect the slinging points.
（2）立塔的一般规定 General regulation of erection
(1) 必须遵循立塔程序。obey the erection sequences of tower crane.
(2) 必须安装安全保护设施。如：扶梯、护拦等。
Make sure that protection and safety devices such as
ladders,platforms,guard-rails and safety ropes are fitted and used.
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(3) 平衡臂上未装足平衡重时，严禁吊载。
It is absolutely forbidden to lift a load if the counter-ballast is not fitted.
(4) 风力超过 12m/s 时严禁塔机进行安装作业。
The crane must not be telescoped up with a wind exceeding 12m/s.
(5) 安装过程中必须用螺栓将下支座、标准节和爬升架连接起来，并拧紧螺母。
During the erection, lower abutment,tower section,climbing framemust be
connected by bolts, and tighten the nuts.
(6) 必须按规定配置正确的平衡重重量。Must prepare crooect counter-ballasts.
(7) 加节前起重臂方向和爬升架开口方向必须一致。
Before adding tower section ,jib and climbing frame direction must consistency。
(8) 标准节起升（或下降）时必须尽可能靠近塔身。
Tower section climb (decline）must near the tower mostly.
(9) 顶升安装标准节过程中，严禁旋转起重臂，开动小车或使吊钩上下运动。
During the climbing, do not slewing the jib,crab, hook moves are forbid.
以上规定同样适用于拆塔减节。
As for dismantling tower crane, basically refer to the procedure.
3.3.1.3 安装注意事项 Notice
(1) 检查连接螺栓是否拧紧。
Checking tightness of all screws and bolts, especially the connecting bolts
for the slewing support ring and the tower.
(2) 塔机各部件所有的螺栓材质和规格不同，决不可混用。
Different bolts’s material and specification is different, can not exchange.。
(3) 平衡臂、起重臂拉杆安装前应检查接头是否连接牢靠，拉杆是否有损伤现象。
Check the connection of counter-jib and jib guy rods.
(4) 起吊平衡臂或起重臂安装时，一定要把吊绳与安装起重机吊钩用钢丝绳夹或卸扣固
牢，防止钢丝绳夹角过大时钢丝绳脱钩。
When hoisting the counter-jib or jib ,must fix the sling with the mobile crane’s
hook by wire rope clamp or retainer，prevent wire rope angle too large from wire
rope skip off the hook。
(5) 收紧小车的钢丝绳，以小车在载重情况下不打滑为宜。
Tighten crab wire rope，until trolley not skid under load.
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(6) 当塔机在未安装平衡臂和起重臂之前，应进行回转试运转。
Before erection the counter-jib and jib,test the slewing.
(7) 调整高度限位器碰块位置，使吊钩最高点与变幅小车中部最低位置之间的距离在接
近 1000mm 时，起升运动应停止。
Adjust height limiter join position，make hook pulleys upper place located no
less than 1000mm between trolley pulley，hoisting stop.
(8) 力矩限制器、起重量限制器、幅度限位器、各电器限位等装置均应按规定安装和调
整。
Load moment limiter, hoisting load limiter,slewing limiter,trolley travel
Limiter must be install and adjust.
(9) 塔式起重机的主体结构，电动机底座和所有电气设备的金属外壳，导线的金属护管
等都应良好可靠地接地。
Tower crane main structure，various of electrical appliance components, control
box and linkage operating console should be well earthed.
Note that climbing frame with the cylinder should face the tower section with
the ring bracing.
(10) 标准节安装朝向必须正确，否则爬升用踏步方向装错，无法进行爬升。
During the climbing, do not slewing the jib,crab, hook moves are forbid.
(11) 起重臂由 9 节组装而成，必须按出厂规定的标记或标牌顺序组装，切不可相更换。
Jib has 9 sections, for assembly sequence of each jib section,should not be
exchanged.
(12) 起重臂相互联接用的上弦销和下弦销均是专用特制零件，不得代换。
The pins of jib connect each other arespecialty，can not substitution.
(13) 整机安装完毕后，应检查塔身的垂直度要求，允差为相应高度的 4/1000。
After erection the crane，check the tower perpendicularity,and the franchise
is 4H/1000（H means height from ground to the jib hinge point）.
3.3.2 塔机的安装程序
3.3.2 Erection sequences of tower crane
3.3.2.1 安装塔身基础节（见图 10）
3.3.2.1 Erection of base section(see Figure 10)
用起重设备将塔身基础节吊至预埋底架上方，对好方向，使基础节连接底板与预埋地
26
脚螺栓正确对位，要求保证基础节四块连接底板在同一水平面上，其平面度误差不大于
1/1000，未达到要求允许在底板下加垫板达到要求（底板必须垫平垫实），再将方垫圈、
平垫圈依次套在地脚螺栓上，压紧基础节底板，再均匀拧紧地脚螺栓双螺母，螺栓预紧力
矩为 2351N.m。
Raise and place the base section onto the preload soleplate，note the direction，
make base sectionconnetion plate and anchor bolts fill accuracy，make sure base
section’s four plates are at the same level，its planeness clearance is less than
1/1000. If not reaching the requirements, base plate can be put under the
undercarriage to satisfy the requirements, then tighten double nuts with high
tensile anchor bolt.Pretightening torque is 2351N.m.
注意：拧紧地脚螺栓时，不许用大锤敲打扳手。地脚螺栓只能使用一次，不许挖出来
重新使用，因地脚螺栓为重要受力件，我们建议用户到塔机原制造厂处购买，用户制作地
脚螺栓时，一定要符合图纸要求，由用户自制的地脚螺栓所引发的一切事故，我公司概不
负责。
Note:It is allowed that anchor bolt are used only one time,and it is forbidden
to dig then out and use again.anchor bolts bear or loads of the crane,so they should
be purchased from our company.Otherwise if the users use other supplyer’s anchors
bolt,users are responsible for the damage caused by them.
图 11 安装加强节
图 10 安装塔身基础节
Figure 11 Installing tower section
Figure 10 Installing base section
-27-
3.3.2.2 安装下塔身加强节（见图 11）

3.3.2.2 Installing lower tower section（see Figure 11）
在已安装的塔身基础节顶部安装 2 节下塔身加强节，必须严格对好方向（即将有踏步
的一方安装在顶升加节时引进标准节方向的相反方向），穿好特制高强度螺栓并拧紧双螺
母。
Raise and place two tower sections onto the base section,note that the tower
with the ring bracing should face the direction,and connect them using High strength
bolt (double nets).
3.3.2.3 安装爬升架（见图 12）
3.3.2.3 Installing climbing frame（see Figure 12）
(1) 安装爬升架的准备工作 Preparation
① 将爬升架吊至竖直放置。
② 将两层操作平台分别安装在爬升架上。将连接螺栓紧固好。
③ 将平台栏杆安装好并穿好开口销（应将开口销的开口张开到 45°以上）。
④ 将顶升油缸顶部与爬升架顶升横梁用特制销轴穿好并上好开口销。
⑤ 将液压泵站吊至爬升架下层操作平台有油缸的一方并固定好。
Equip the climbing frame with hydraulic pump station on the ground.
图 13 上、下支座及回转支承安装图
图 12 爬升架安装图
Drawing 13 Installing upper and lower
Figure 12 Installing Climbing frame
abutment,slewing ring
(2) 爬升架安装
① 将爬升架吊起至已安装好的塔身标准节上方使油缸一方与标准节踏步方向一致。
② 对准标准节缓慢下降将爬升架套在标准节上，同时保证标准节与爬升架的顶升滚轮
28
合理就位。
③ 在爬升架顶部与标准节顶部高出半个标准节时，将两个活动爬爪安置于支承耳板处
（一般在安装准备时已就位），使其与标准节踏步相支承，将爬升架支承住。
④ 接好液压泵站与顶升油缸之间的两根高压软管。
Lift up the climbing frame and introduce it onto the fixed tower section.Note
that climbing frame with the cylinder should face the tower section with the ring
bracing.
3.3.2.4 安装上、下支座及回转支承（见图 13）

3.3.2.4 Installing slewing parts
(1) 塔机出厂时以及塔机转场时一般是将回转支承，上、下支座、回转机构等部件组装
成一个整体，装塔时将此部分整体吊到爬升架上面。
(2) 在上、下支座与回转支承连接组装时，先对准部分连接孔，用特制螺栓连接好。至
少装好 8 颗连接螺栓后，将回转电机接通电源，启动回转电机，让其旋转，露出未装连接螺
栓的孔，依次将各连接孔装好螺栓。
(3) 将爬升架与下支座法兰孔用螺栓穿好，紧固螺母，将顶升机构开动，使爬升架及以
上部分向上顶升到能放下支承在踏步上的活动爬爪时停止，放下活动爬爪。
(4) 开动顶升机构，缓缓缩回油缸活塞至下支座与标准节将要接触时，校准并穿好标准
节连接螺栓，继续回缩油缸活塞使下支座下端主弦杆与标准节主弦杆完全紧贴对齐，紧固好
标准节双螺母。
3.3.2.5 安装回转塔身、司机室（见图 14）
3.3.2.5 Installing slewing tower(see Figure 14)
-29-
图 14 回转塔身安装图图 15 塔顶安装图
Figure 14 Installing slewing tower Figure 15 Installing tower head
将回转塔身吊装置于上支座主弦杆上，对好连接方向，要求起重臂与平衡臂轴线方向平
行于司机室且起重臂在司机室前方视野，用特制螺栓穿好并紧固好双螺母，将司机室吊装于
上支座并将其与上支座及回转塔身联接固定。
注：若起重能力足够，可将上、下支座、回转塔身及司机室组装好后整体吊装。
Equip the upper abutmen with its platform, cabin and slewing tower section on
the ground, which are concentrated into one.
Sling the slewing parts and connect it with the fixed tower section.
3.3.2.6 安装塔顶（见图 15）
3.3.2.6 Installing tower head
(1) 将塔顶部分的平台、栏杆、定滑轮、安装滑轮、过渡拉板等组装好。
(2) 将塔顶吊装到回转塔身上，注意与回转塔身方向相对应，用特制的销轴将塔顶与回
转塔身连接，并紧固好螺母及穿上开口销（见图 15）。
Lift up the tower head,which is equipped with the ladder and platform, and
connect it with slewing tower section using shaft-pins.Note the direction.
The front and rear of Tower head top are install the pulling plates. And one
of the counter-jib guy rod was fixed.
3.3.2.7 安装平衡臂
30
3.3.2.7 Assembling counter-jib

(1) 将两段平衡臂拼接在一起，穿好连接销轴及开口销，使两段平衡臂组装成一整体。
(2) 将平衡臂平台及栏杆安装好并固定牢固。
(3) 在平衡臂上安装好起升机构及排绳滑轮装置。
(4) 平衡臂拉杆组装
参照图 16 组装好平衡臂拉杆，平衡臂拉杆共两组，分别按图示组装，下表 3 列出了拉板组
的零件和数量。
注意：装连接销时，切记穿上开口销并张开开口销
图 16A 平衡臂拉杆预组装图图 16B 平衡臂拉杆组装图（示意）

Figure 16A 16B Assembling counter-jib guy rod
The counter-jib section 1 is connected with the section 2 using shaft pins.
Mount cat-walk and guardrail.
The counter-jib guy rod is connected with the counter-jib using shaft-pins,
and it is fixing on the left and right guardrails by means of hemp strings.
Assembling counter-jib guy rod
Two counter-jib guy rods are connected as one as follow.
Remark：When assembling shaft-pin，must assembling splitpin.
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表3 Table3
名称规格材料数量备注
N S ifi ti M t i l Q tit
平衡臂拉板 δ12×500 焊接件安装于塔
Q235B 2
counter-jiblink plate welding 顶
平衡臂拉杆 I φ40×5400 焊接件 20 4 2 件安装于
塔顶
平衡臂拉杆 II φ40×2400 焊接件 20 2 安装于平
ld 衡臂
平衡臂塔头销轴 40Cr 调质
φ45×327 1
counter-jib & tower head 40Cr tempering
平衡臂拉杆销轴 40Cr 调质
φ45×88 6
counter-jib guy rod 40Cr tempering
开口销 splitpin 8×70 低碳钢 18
(5) 吊装平衡臂（见图 17A、B、C）

Hoisting and assembling counter-jib(see Figure 17A,17B,17C)
图 17A 平衡臂安装图 1 图 17B 平衡臂安装图 2 图 17C 平衡臂安装图 3

Figure 17A 17B 17C Installing counter-jib
① 起吊已经组装起升机构及栏杆的平衡臂，将臂根铰接好（见图 17A）。
Sling counter-jib that assembling hoisting mechanism and guardrail, and connect
it with shaft-pins(See Figure 17A）.
② 继续起吊平衡臂使平衡臂尾部上翘一定角度，分别连接好两组平衡臂拉杆(图 17B)。
32
Make the the end of the counter-jib hold up a certain height,connect the
counter-jib guy rod which is pulled by the manual hoist motor with the tower head
(See Figure 17B).
③ 缓缓下降平衡臂至水平，认真检查平衡臂拉板连接情况，确保无误时，方可松钩并取
去吊装用钢丝绳（见图 17C）。
The end of counter-jib is slowly lowered down,guy rod is gradually extended
straight because of tension until the counter-jib keeps nearly in horizontal(See Figure
17B).
④ 吊起一块平衡重块，每块重 2.02 吨，安装在平衡臂后部（靠内安装），并用专用钢销
将平衡重块可靠支承在平衡臂三角楔块上（见图 17C）。Before installing jib,first install
one pieces of counter-weight block for 2.02t (See Figure 17C).
注意：若采用短臂工作，平衡臂后部平衡重留下的空隙应用安全网或其它网板补平整。
表 4-1 不同臂长平衡重安装表
Table 4-1 Counter-weight Of difference jib length install position table
臂长预装平衡重各臂长最终安装平衡重
Jib ength Counter-weight in Total Counter-weight
advance
1 块 2.02 吨（靠内安装） 5 块 2.02 吨+1 块 1.4 吨（放在最后），共 11.5 吨
50m 1 blocks 2.02t 5 blocks 2.02t +1block 1.4t（far away the tower
（near tower） center），Total 11.5t
1 块 2.02 吨（靠内安装） 5 块 2.02 吨，共 10.1 吨
44m 1 block 2.02t 5 blocks 2.02t，total 10.1t
（ near tower ）
1 块 2.02 吨（靠内安装） 4 块 2.02 吨，共 8.08 吨
38m 1 block 2.02t 4 blocks 2.02t，total 8.08t
（ near tower ）
1 块 2.02 吨（靠内安装） 3 块 2.02 吨，共 6.06 吨
32m
1 block 2.02t 3 blocks 2.02t，total 6.06t
-33-
（ near tower ）
表 4-2 起重臂臂节组合及销轴安装表
Table 4-2 Jib guy rod group and shaft table
起重臂长度
起重臂臂节序号 Jib section number
Jib length
50m 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
上弦销轴
φ50×103
Upper shaft
下弦销轴
φ45×115 φ45×115 φ45×115 φ40×110 φ40×110 φ40×110 φ40×110 φ40×110
Lower shaft
吊点销轴
φ45×159 φ45×159
Sling point shaft
起重臂长度
Jib length
44m 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9
上弦销轴
φ50×103
Upper shaft
下弦销轴
φ45×115 φ45×115 φ45×115 φ40×110 φ40×110 φ40×110 φ40×110
Lower shaft
吊点销轴
φ45×159 φ45×159
Sling point shaft
起重臂长度
Jib length
38m 1 2 3 4 5 7 9
上弦销轴
φ50×103
Upper shaft
下弦销轴 φ45×115 φ45×115 φ45×115 φ40×110 φ40×110 φ40×110
34
Lower shaft
吊点销轴
φ45×159 φ45×159
Sling point shaft
起重臂长度
Jib length
32m 1 2 3 4 7 9
上弦销轴
φ50×103
Upper shaft
下弦销轴
φ45×115 φ45×115 φ45×115 φ40×110 φ40×110
Lower shaft
吊点销轴
φ45×159 φ45×159
Sling point shaft
3.3.2.8 安装起重臂
3.3.2.8 Assembling and hoisting jib
(1) 起重臂组装 Assembling jib
① 在地面上将起重臂各节用特制销轴组装成整臂。
According to the sequence, first assemble jib section on the ground by
shaft-pins.
② 组装好的起重臂应用支架支承，支架高度应能保证小车顺利安装。
Install the trolley,wind the trolley travel wire rope of trolley.

③ 将变幅机构安装在第 1 节臂前端相应位置上。
Trolley travel mechanism install in the section 1.
注意：每两节相连接处的上下弦杆销轴须按规定装好开口销，臂节组合和销轴安装见表
4-2。
Note：Assemble the shaft of jib ,only the shaft indentation aim the chord’s
orientation board,then could be sinker,and the pin must be assemble from top to
downward.
(2) 起重臂拉杆组装 Installing jib guy rod
参照图 18 和表 5 组装两组起重臂拉杆。拉杆放置在起重臂夹内且固定妥当。拉杆组装
-35-
好后，将两组拉杆用特殊制的销轴分别装在起重臂上弦杆两吊点中，并用夹板固定。
Assemble the jib guy rods,and rest them on the support of upper chord,one end
of long or short guy rod is fixed respectively on guy rod by means of shaft-pins(See
Figure18 & Table 5).
(3) 在起重臂全部拼接好前，应事先将变幅小车滚轮挂在起重臂下弦杆上，并将吊篮在
变幅小车上装牢。吊篮应安装在起重臂的左边（从司机室往前看）。
Before finish installing the jib,make the trolley wheelon the lower chords,and
fixed the service platform to the trolley. Service platform is on the left side
of jib（from jib root to ahead）.
注意：每两节相连接处的上下拉杆销轴须按规定装好开口销。
Note：Ever two section connected position must insert into shaft-pins and open spilt.
表5 起重臂拉杆零件表
Table5 Jib guy rod parts
名称
规格材料数量
Name
主调节板
Main adjustment δ30×955 Q235B 焊件 1
frame
副调节板
δ30×1100 Q235B 焊件 1
adjustment frame
副拉杆节
φ50×5557 Q235B 焊件 2
guy rod section
主拉杆节 1
φ50×5911 Q235B 焊件 1
head plate
主拉杆节 2
Main guy rod φ50×5870 Q235B 焊件 1
section 2
安装过渡节
Connection L=225 Q235B 焊件 2
secyion
36
吊点拉板
L=1000 Q235B 焊件 2
Sling point plate
主拉杆节 3
section 3
主拉杆节 4
section 4
吊点销轴
φ45×159 40Cr 调质 4
Jib guy rod Ⅳ
销轴
φ45×92 40Cr 调质 10
pin
开口销
开口销 8×70 低碳钢 14
spilt
50 米臂长和 44 米臂长的拉杆零件数量为上表所列,其零件数量类别均为一致。
50m and 44m jib guy rods quantity as same as above table.
-37-
图 18A 50 米臂长时起重臂拉杆组装图注:50 米起重臂配平衡重 6 块，总重为:11.5 吨
图 18B 44 米臂长时起重臂拉杆组装图注:44 米起重臂配平衡重 5 块，总重为:10.1 吨
550 955 225 5911 5870 5792 5675 5675 5675 1000
塔顶销轴
700 1100 225 5557 5557 1000 吊点销轴
QTZ80(6013) Tower Crane Operating Instruction
塔顶销轴
吊点销轴
QTZ5013主副拉杆安装示意
38
C.0
图 18C 38 米臂长时起重臂拉杆组装图注:38 米起重臂配平衡重 4 块，总重为:8.08 吨
-39-
QTZ80（6013）塔式起重机使用说明书
图 18D 32 米臂长时起重臂拉杆组装图注:32 米起重臂配平衡重 3 块，总重为:6.06 吨

C.0
(4) 吊装起重臂（见图 19A、B、C） Installing jib
图 19A 吊装起重臂与回转塔身连接
Figure 19A Installing jib
（50 米臂起重臂吊装时重心约在距臂根 21 米处，小车停留在起重臂中间（距臂根 25 米处），
吊装重量约 6 吨，吊装跨距≥10.7 米。）
（50m jib sling point is 21m to jib root，trolley stays in the middle of the jib,
sling wire rope span no less than 10.7m,totall weight about 6t）
图 19B 上
翘起重臂并将起重臂拉杆与塔顶连接
Figure 19B Installing jib
40
图 19C 缓缓将上翘的起重臂降至水平
Figure 19C Installing jib
① 吊起起重臂至适当高度，用特制销轴将起重臂与回转塔身耳板铰接好并穿好开口销。
（见图 19A）注意：必须用油漆标识吊装钢丝绳位置及小车位置，以便拆卸时使用。
Sling the jib and connect the articulated points of the jib root with the
articulated point of the slewing tower by means of shaft-pin ,and slipt open.（See
Figure 19A）
Note：Must mark the sling point and trolley position bypaint，so good for the
dismantling.
② 继续起升起重臂，使起重臂上翘一定角度后停止。然后用链条葫芦或利用起升钢丝
绳提升将两组起重臂拉杆拉至塔顶顶部，用特制销轴将拉板与已安装在塔顶顶部的拉板连接
起来并穿好开口销。（见图 19B）
Sling the jib using the mobile crane.Raise the jib guy rod by means of the
manual hoist motor, and pull the guy rod gradually towards the tower head and fixed
them using shaft-pins.（See Figure 19B）
③ 缓缓下降起重臂至水平，认真检查起重臂拉杆各连接点销轴及开口销是否按要求做
好。（见图 19C）
Slow down the jib to horizontal position，check the connection carefully.（See

Figure 19C）
④ 检查各处无误后方可松钩并取去吊装用钢丝绳。
Everything is normal,then relasethe hook and take away the sling wire rope.
3.3.2.9 安装其余平衡重块（见图 20）
-41-
3.3.2.9 Installing the remain counter-weight （See Figure 20）

将余下的 4 块 2.02 吨平衡重块和 1 块 1.4 吨平衡重块吊至平衡臂尾部安装，并用特制
钢销可靠支承在平衡臂三角楔块上。
Installing the five remain counter-weight(4 blocks 2.02t + 1 block 1.4t) on
the counter-jib.
图 20 吊装其余平衡重块
Figure 20 Installing the remain counter-weight
3.3.2.10 穿绕起升钢丝绳
3.3.2.10 Winding hoisting rope
将起升钢丝绳按图 7 所示穿好，并按要求将两端绳头分别与起升机构卷筒及起重臂端
头的钢丝绳防扭装置固定牢固，装上吊钩。穿好起升钢丝绳后见图 21。
Wind the hoisting rope according to Figure 7,fix the rope head by means of clamps
on the anti-twist device of the jib end.Wire rope clamp ship saddle must be placed
on one side of the load-bearing mires.Never install the wire rope in a crossing
way.
图 21 起升钢丝绳穿绕完成
42
Figure 21 Winding hoisting rope

3.3.2.11 安装司机室
3.3.2.11 Install cabin
吊装司机室于上支座侧面并按规定连接好。
Sling the cabin onto the upper abutment and fix.
（本步骤也可以在安装好回转塔身或塔顶以后进行）
（This step also can finish on installing the slewing tower）

3.3.2.12 连接电气线路
3.3.2.12 Mounting and testing electrical system
(1) 按照电气系统说明书规定将塔机电源及控制电路接通。
(1) Checke it carefully,no problem then according to the electrical system
instruction,connnect the power supply.Test on no-load.
(2) 经认真检查确认无误后方可进行空载下的试运转。
(2) Adjusting the height limiter,trolley travel limiter and slewing limiter,
check its reliability and sensitivity. Checking and making a trial operation.
(3) 认真调整好高度限位器、幅度限位器及回转限位器，使其灵敏可靠。
(3) Adjusting load limiter and load moment limiter after finish installing the
tower crane.
起重量限制器及力矩限制器待塔机全部安装工作进行完后，作载荷运行时再进行调整。
若塔机在出厂前已调试好起重量限制器和力矩限制器，则第一次安装不用再重新调试起
重量和力矩限制器。
Vairous electrical appliance protective devices,hydraulic system,structure

parts and adjusting value of safety devices are not allowed to change or dismantle
arbitrarily.
-43-
4. 塔机附着
4. Attached frame
用户在使用时，若起升高度超过最大独立式起升高度时，则必须采取附着措施。
4.1 附着装置
塔机附着架由一套环梁和多根撑杆组成。安装时环梁紧卡塔身，撑杆两端分别与环梁
和建筑物上预埋的支座铰接，各撑杆均配有调整螺杆和锁紧螺母，可以调整撑杆长度,使塔
机与水平面垂直建筑物可靠地连接在一起并保持塔机轴线与地面垂直。
附着杆由我公司生产供货，用户订购。QTZ5013 塔机附着架按塔机中心距建筑物 4 米设
计的。若超过 4 米或其它情况下按特殊附着处理，用户可与我公司业务员和技术部门联系
设计制作。
4.1 Attached frame
The attached frame consists of a set of ring beams and several braces.When
erection, the ring beams enclasp the tower section and the two ends of braces
articulate separately with ring beams and the abutment buried in the building.All
braces are fitted with adjusting bolt and locking nuts so as to adjust the length
of brace.As a result,the tower crane can reliably be joined together with the building
perpendicular to the horizontal plane and the axis of tower crane is perpendicular
to the ground.
The attached frames of QTZ5013 tower crane are designed according to the center
of crane from the building for 4m distance, if exceeding the adjusting range,special
order is welcome.For the further information,please consult us.
4.2 附着架的布置
根据施工需要，塔机使用高度超过最大独立高度 40 米时，必须进行附着加固，第一道
附着可在距安装地面 30.35 米左右处加固，随着塔机的升高，每间隔一定距离加固一道附
着，塔身最大悬高不能大于 27 米（即最高附着以上标准节数小于 11 节）。为了使附着间
距达到表 6 要求而顶升套架（爬升架）不影响附着，允许先顶升加高 2 个标准节，再进行附
着。以下是 QTZ5013 塔机达到最大高度 139 米时的附着情况。（见表 6、图 22、23）。
4.2 Arrangement of attaching devices

In case the hoisting altitude of tower crane is greater then 40m，it is required
to fit on the auxiliary devices for the sake of normal operation.By means of fitting
44
on the attachment devices,effective hoisting altitude of the QTZ5013 tower crane

may be up to 139m.The tower height above then attached frame is less then 27m.（please
refer to table 6、Figure 22、23）。
4.3 安装附着装置 Carry out mounting
4.3.1 在附着锚固之前，应在塔身附着点处与建筑物之间，架设临时性安装平台，以保
证附着人员的正常工作和安装。附着人员必须做好高处作业的各项安全措施，确保作业安全。
4.3.2 在已加固的建筑物附着点上安装附着支撑连接座，要求安全可靠。
4.3.3 安装附着框架：
(1) 先将两个附着半框架套在塔身上，可用铁丝临时固定半框架，用高强螺栓将两个半框
架相连，调整附着框上的调节螺栓，使附着框上八个顶块与塔身主弦紧帖；再通过销轴分别将
三根附着撑杆的一端与附着框架连接，另一端与固定在建筑物上的连接基座连接。
Firstly fixed the frame onto the tower section,then connection the braces to the
frame by axis pins,and the other end of the brace should be connected to the lug of
preembedded ironworks of the building by axis pins.
(2) 每道附着架的三根附着撑杆应尽量处于同一水平面上。在安装附着框架时，若与标准
节的某些部位干涉，可适当升高或降低附着框位置；
The three braces should be in the same level;
(3) 安装附着装置时，应当用经纬仪检查塔身轴线的垂直度，要求最高附着点以下塔身轴
线垂直度为相应高度的 2/1000，附着以上塔身轴线垂直度不大于相应高度 4/1000，允许用调
节附着撑杆的长度来达到。
When installing attached frame,check the verticality of the axle line of the
tower crane by means of the theodolite.The verticality below the top attached frame
doesn’t exceed 2/1000,and the verticality above the attached frame doesn’t exceed
4/1000.The correct verticality can be obtained by adjusting the length of three
attached braces.
(4) 附着撑杆与附着框架，连接基座，以及附着框架与塔身的连接必须可靠。附着框上八
个顶块应可靠地将塔身主弦杆顶紧，各连接螺栓应紧固好。各调节螺栓调整好后，应将螺母可
靠地拧紧。运行后应经常检查有否发生松动，并及时进行调整。
注意：附着点的载荷值与塔机和建筑物的相对位置、附着撑杆的布置形式及尺寸、附着
框架以上塔身悬出段长度值的变化而大幅度改变。因此，塔机附着时，如塔机位置、附着撑
杆布置形式及尺寸与图 22、23 和表 6 所示不同时，请向本公司咨询。切不可盲目套用图 22、
-45-
23 和表 6 的数值自行制作处理，以免产生重大安全事故。
表6
附着段
H1 H2 H3 H4 H5
Attached
附着段间距(米)
30.35 24 24 24 21
Gap(m)
4000
F3
F1
F１＝±151kN；
F２＝±171kN； F2
F３＝±237kN；
3000
6000
图 22 塔机附着示意图
Figure 22 Attached frame
46
13 9m（至基础平面）
H5
H4
H3
H2
H1
4m
图 23 附着装置安装位置示意
Figure 23 Vertical distance between every two sets of attaching devices
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5. 塔机的顶升加节
5. Installing tower mast sections
5.1 顶升加节前的准备 Preparation
5.1.1 检查塔机安装的各项内容是否进行完毕和正确无误。
5.1.1 Carefully check whether the connection of the mechanical parts is
correct,check electrical and hydraulic parts.
5.1.2 进行起升、回转、变幅等项动作的试运转。
5.1.2 Checking and making a trial operation of hoisting,slewing,trolley travel.
5.1.3 在顶升作业前，将待接高的全部标准节运至塔机顶升时起重臂所处正方位所能吊
到的位置。
5.1.3 Before Climbing，lift the mast sectionto the position that the towercrane
can sling it when climbing. Turn the jib to the direction of introuducing tower
section ,and then lock the jib by slewing brake.
5.1.4 检查液压顶升系统
5.1.4 Check the hydraulic system
(1) 检查油箱中的油面（观察油标）是否符合要求。
(1) Check the oil quantity of oil tank whether fulfilled the requriment.(watch
the oil scale)
(2) 如果液压顶升系统长时间未使用（超过 6 个月）时，必须检查油液是否变质（颜色深
暗、混浊等）或被污染，否则须换油。
(2) In case not using a long time（over 6 months），should be checked oil whether
deteroprate or pollution（colour deep dark,thickness,and so on），otherwise change
the oil.
(3) 检查液压油牌号是否正确，一般采用 46#抗磨液压油。
(3) Check the oil whether use the right type，currently using 46# antifriction
oil.
(4) 检查电动机旋转方向是否正确（应与液压泵的规定转向一致）。
(4) Check the motor rotate diretion whether right or not（follow the hydraulic
pump rule）.
(5) 检查安全阀的调定压力是否符合要求，安全阀的调定压力为 20MPa，一旦调整就绪不
48
得擅自更改（操作时严禁转动安全阀的调压螺钉）。
(5) The setting pressure of safety valve is 20MPa，prohibit to adjust.
(6) 顶升开始前，液压系统应空车试运转，再操纵手动换向阀。使液压缸无载伸缩数次，
排除系统内的空气，并检查各运动件是否有干涉现象，重复调整滚轮间隙，运转正常后，方可
进行顶升作业。
(6) Before climbing，hydraulic system should be test empty load run，then operate
the manual reversing valve.Make hydraulic cylinder strech out and draw back seveal
times with empty load ，get rid of the air in system.And check wether moving parts
exist intrusive conditions，adjusting the wheels clearance again ，as far as everything
normal，then begin climbing.
5.2 顶升作业 Climbing
5.2.1 首先用起重吊钩将一个标准节吊起，装上引进滚轮，放在引进梁上，然后用吊钩
再吊起一个标准节，移动变幅小车至适当位置（距回转中心约为 15 米，见图 24A）。此时塔
机上部顶升部分重心通过液压缸的铰点，以保持平衡，顶升时的滚轮摩擦力较小。
5.2.1 Lifting a tower section,Adjust the position of trolley to 15m from the
center of tower. So in order to keep the gravity of climbing parts to drop on the
center lin of the ram.
5.2.2 开始顶升时，先将顶升横梁两端的耳轴放入倒数第二个标准节上边的支承踏步缺
口中，拆去下支座与标准节的全部连接螺栓，然后稍微向上顶升一点爬升架，再重复调整滚
轮间隙至最佳状态，同时观察下支座与标准节的连接套是否能对位比较准，如不准，应适当
调整变幅小车位置。
5.2.2 The shaft-pins on cross-member of the cylinder are inserted into pin-hole
on the ring bracing of the mast section.Remove the connecting bolt pairs between
lower abutment and the tower and then start oil pump ,operate the handle,make ram
support up the upper structure.Adjust the clearance between guiding wheels on the
climbing frame and main chord of the tower,the clearance is 2-3mm,and then lock the
jib by slewing brakes.
5.2.3 爬升架顶升 1.30 米左右，使活动爬爪踏在相应标准节的踏步上，再缩回液压缸
活塞杆。
5.2.3 The cylinder supports up the climbing frame about 1.30m，swing the two
climbing latches just lay on the ring bracing of tower section,then the piston rod
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of cylinder fully shrinks back.

5.2.4 缩回液压缸活塞杆使顶升横梁耳轴放入倒数第一个标准节下边踏步处，并将顶升
横梁两端耳轴放入踏步缺口中。继续爬升架约 1.45 米，由人工通过引进梁和引进滚轮拉入
待加标准节至爬升架内已安装标准节上方，缓慢缩回液压缸活塞杆，使待加标准节对正已装
标准节落下，取下引进滚轮。将待加标准节与已装好的标准节用特制螺栓连接，紧固好双螺
母。（见图 24B）
5.2.4 And the climbing cross-member is supported on the upper ring bracing of
the tower section again,the piston rod juts out again to support up the upper part
of lower abutment to 1.45m,push in the mast section on the rail of guiding beam and
align it to the center position of tower section.shrink back the cylinder slowly,drop
the mast section on the tower section and connect them using bolts,tighten the bolts
using a force-limiting type force-saving wrench,remove guiding wheels,that means
finishing the working of adding a mast section.（Drawing 24B）
5.2.5 缩回活塞杆准备进行下一个顶升工作循环。
5.2.5 Shrink back the cylinder perpare for next cycle.
5.2.6 重复以上步骤，进行顶升加节，加高顶升程序见图 25。
5.2.6 Continue to repeat procedures mentions above if it requires adding several
tower sections.
5.2.7 顶升到设定高度后，不再顶升时，应缓慢回缩活塞杆使爬升架下降将下支座与已
安装标准节对位，并用特制螺栓连接并拧紧双螺母。
5.2.7 After finishing adding mast sections, adjust the telescoping length of
the cylinder, drop the lower abutment on the tower section and connect them using
bolts.
15m
图 24A 开始顶升时的情况（吊起标准节）
50
Figure 24A The beginning of climbng（sling mast section）
图 24B 顶升二个行程并引进一个标准节后的情况
Figure 24B After climbing and push on a mast section
图 25 塔身加节顶升过程图
Figure 25 Climbing procedure
5.3 顶升过程应注意的事项
5.3 Attentions
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液压顶升和拆卸时，必须严格遵守安全操作规程，应特别注意：
5.3.1 每次顶升加节或降塔减节时，须对塔身节的踏步及液压顶升系统的顶升横梁进行
检查。
5.3.2 塔机上部顶升部分的重量必须保持平衡。
5.3.2 During the climbing ,the upper weight must keep balance。
5.3.3 ⒊顶升或拆卸时遇到卡阻或异常现象，必须停机检查，故障未排除不得继续顶升
或拆卸。
5.3.3 Happen problem or innormol condition,must stop working,and check it
carefully,no working unless solving the trouble.
5.3.4 再次顶升之前，顶升横梁两端的耳轴必须可靠地落入标准节踏步的弧形凹槽内，
方能进行顶升，防止塔机倾覆。
5.3.4 Before climbing again,the shaft-pins of two ends of climbing
cylindercross-beam must put into the grooves of the ring bracing of tower section.So
that avoid tower crane overthrow.
5.3.5 ⒌液压装置拆装时，必须保持各元件和整个系统不受污染，高、低压管不得接错。
5.3.5 When distamtling hydraulic device，must keep the elements and system not
to be polluted，high,low tube distinguish.
5.3.6 顶升或拆卸完毕后，应收回液压缸活塞杆，使横梁两端耳轴置入踏步的弧形凹槽
内，使液压缸和顶升横梁均不受力。
5.3.6 After finished climbing or dismantilng,should shrink back cylinder, he
shaft-pins of two ends of climbing cylindercross-beam must put into the grooves of
the ring bracing of tower section.
5.3.7 顶升过程中，若下支座与新加标准节及新加标准节与塔身未紧固连接螺栓时，严
禁作回转及其它运转动作，风速在 12m/s 以上时，必须停止顶升工作，并将全部连接螺栓连
接好。
5.3.7 When climbing,unless the lower abutmentand adding mast section
connectionbolts tighten，otherwise prohibit slewing or any movement，the wind speed
should be less than 12m/s.
52
5.3.8 当塔机使用高度超过起升高度 40 米以后，应按图 25、26 及表 6 的要求将塔身与

建筑物附着连接。当塔机每次顶升接高达规
定的高度后，必须将下支座与标准节间连接
高强螺栓并紧固。
5.3.8 When the hoisting altitude of
tower crane is greater than 40m (see
Figure 25, Figure 26 and table 6)，must
be attached.Finished climbing,must
tighten the bolts between lower abutment
and mast section.
5.4 顶升防脱装置
根据国家标准的要求，本公司塔机的顶
升机构设有防脱装置，塔机每次顶升加节或
降塔减节时都必须使用防脱装置。
防脱装置由两部分组成，一是顶升横梁上顶升防脱装置图
的插销，二是标准节踏步的防脱插销孔，其使用方法如下：
(1)塔机开始顶升加节或降塔减节时，将顶升横梁的销轴搁置在标准节踏步的销轴孔内，
同时将顶升横梁的防脱插销插入标准节踏步的防脱销孔内，且将手柄固定在图示底板右边槽
内。
(2)在完成一个顶升步骤、顶升横梁要脱离标准节踏步时，须先将防脱插销退出标准节
防脱销孔，将手柄固定在图示底板左边槽内。（注意：防脱插销未退出标准节防脱销孔，启
动顶升机构强行提升横梁脱离标准节踏步会损坏防脱插销）。
-53-
6. 塔机投入使用前的工作
6. Preparations before using
塔机在投入使用前，应进行全面的检查，对机构和安全装置进行认真的检查调试，以免
妨碍正常工作秩序和不安全事故的发生，保证塔机的正常使用和安全运行。
Before operating ， should carefully chack completely ,chack and adjust the
mechanism and safety devices carefully，in order to avoid obstruct working processand
accident happen，make sure tower crane normal operating and safety.
立塔后须进行的检查项目 (见下表 7) 表7
Check item after erection (table7)
检查项目检查内容
检查地脚螺栓的紧固情况
基础
检查输电线距塔机最大旋转部分的安全距离并检查电缆通过情况，以防损坏
Base section
Check the anchor bolts must be fastened
塔身检查塔身标准节连接螺栓的紧固情况
Mast section Check the connecting bolts must be fastned
检查爬升架与下支座的连接情况
Connecting bolts must be fastened between climbing frame and lower

abutment
检查各滚轮、活动爬爪、销轴连接各部件的转运或摆动是否灵活
检查走道，栏杆的紧固情况
爬升架
Platform,guaidrail connecting condition
Climbing
检查爬升架与标准节的连接情况
frame
Connecting bolts must be fastened between climbing frame and tower
section
检查液压系统的安装，调试是否正常可靠
Check hydraulic system setting and adjusting must be right and

reliable.
上、下支座检查与回转支承连接的螺栓紧固情况
司机室检查电缆的通行状况
Cabin 检查平台、栏杆的紧固情况
54
检查司机室与回转塔身的连接是否稳定、可靠
Connecting bolts must be fastened between cabin and slewingtower

司机室内严禁放置润滑油、油棉纱及其它易燃物品
To store oil,cotton and other combustibles is prohbitive in cabin.

回转支承检查与上支座、下支座连接螺栓的紧固情况
Slewing parts Connecting bolts must be fastened between upper and lowerabutment
检查起重臂及平衡臂拉杆的安装情况
检查扶梯、平台、护栏的安装情况
塔顶
保证起升钢丝绳穿绕正确
Tower head
Check jib and counter-jib guy rod installtion ， wind wire rope
condition
检查平衡臂的固定情况
Check counter-jib fixed condition

检查平衡臂护栏及走道的安装情况，保证走道通畅
Check platform,guaidrail connecting condition.No sundries on the

平衡臂 platform，make sure get across freely
Counter-jib 检查起升机构及排绳装置的安装情况
Check hoisting mechanism and the rope guide device connecting

condition
检查起升机构制动器调试情况
Check hoisting mechanism brake adjusting condition

检查各处连接销轴、垫圈及开口销安装是否正确、可靠
Check connecting pins and spilts condition

检查变幅小车安装，运行情况；载人吊篮的紧固情况
起重臂
Check trolley installed and operated condition
Jib
检查起升、变幅钢丝绳的缠绕和紧固情况
Check hoisting and trolley travel wire rope winding and fixing
condition
润滑根据使用说明书检查润滑情况，进行润滑工作
Lubricate Follow the instruction to lubricate

吊具检查换倍率装置，吊钩的防脱绳装置是否安全、可靠
-55-
Hook 检查吊钩有无影响使用的缺陷
检查起升变幅钢丝绳的规格、型号是否符合要求
检查钢丝绳的磨损情况及绳端固定情况
检查各机构的安装、运行情况
各机构的制动器间隙调整合适
机构
检查变幅机构，当变幅小车分别运行到最小和最大幅度处，卷筒上钢丝绳至少应有 3
Mechanisms
圈安全圈
检查各钢丝绳绳头的压紧有无松动
安全装置检查各安全保护装置是否按本说明书的要求调整合格
Safety devices 检查塔机上所有扶梯、栏杆、休息平台的安装紧固情况
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7. 塔机使用操作
7. Operation rules
QTZ63（5013）塔机的操作是由装设在塔身上部司机室内的联动控制台实现的，司机室
的视野开阔，始终使吊装处于操作者的视野范围之内，操作机构灵活、可靠，设有重量、力
矩、高度、变幅、回转限制等安全保护装置，确保塔机安全运行。
Operate QTZ63(5013)tower crane by using linkage control console in the cabin，
cabin designed wide and open，make the lifting on the eyesight area，actutar is
sensitive and reliable，has hoisting load ,load moment,height,trolley travel,slewing
limiter etc.,ensuring tower crane safety.
操作者应尽可能准确的估计出吊载及工作幅度的大小。
Operator must try his best to account the load and radius of things accuratly.
塔机安装后，必须认真地进行安全检查和必要的调试工作，方可投入使用。塔机应具有
良好的、可靠的接地装置。
After installtion，must check the safety and adjusting carefully before
operation.Ensuring that crane is well earthed and keep the crane from thunder
stricking.
7.1 塔机安全操作规程
7.1 Safety operating instructions
(1) 塔机操作人员必须经过严格训练，持证上岗。了解塔机的构造、性能、使用范围，
熟悉塔机的操作、保养和使用规程，还必须严格执行本机的操作规程。
(1) Operators must undergo rigid training and are familiar with the crane andhave
been instructed in possible accident risks. Operators must get the certification
of fitness.
(2) 严禁超载作业，司机必须按照本整机技术性能表（表 1）的规定作业。
(2) Driver must operate strictly according to the radius and hoisting capacity
provided in crane formance table.It is forbidden to overload operation.
(3) 塔机操作人员不得拉吊钩到最大幅度以外去吊重物，即在最大幅度范围内吊钩也不
得斜拉吊重。
(3) Crane can not pull and hoist objects slantly.The operation like pulling pile
is forbidden.
(4) 在有正反转的机构中，要反向时必须先使电机停止，惯性力消失后才能开动反向开
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关运转，严禁突然反转。
(4) In the positive and negative revolution gear,when required in positive
rotation, it can carry out the operation in opposite direction after inertia force
is eliminated.After electric motor stops the opertation,it is not allowed that the
positive and reverse switches are turned on suddenly.
(5) 严格执行操作顺序，如有快慢档位的机构必须是从慢到快，停止时应由快到慢依次
进行，严禁越档操作，每个档位停留的时间应大于 2-4 秒。
(5) The operation gear with high-low speed stages must run from low-speed to
high-speed or from high-speed to low-speed.The operation of skipping the stage is
not permitted.Every transition stage must remaina 2-4 seconds.
(6) 司机在进行正式作业之前，必须对各项安全装置的可靠性进行检查，绝对不允许在
安全装置不可靠或失灵状态下继续作业。
(6) Before working，driver should check the safety devices，working with trouble
is forbidden.
(7) 塔机上的所有安全保护装置，必须经常检查保养，不得任意搬动、调整和拆卸。
(7) All the safety devices,Various electical appliance protective
devices,hydraulic system,structure parts and adjusting valve of safety devices are
not allowed to change or dismantle arbitrarily.
(8) 司机应对塔机的电流、电压进行检查，在不满足电流、电压的情况下严禁作业。
(8) Check the current,voltage，forbidden to working in small current voltage.
(9) 对塔机要经常检查，如螺栓有无松动，运转是否正常，卷筒排绳的好坏，钢丝绳头
的压紧情况，各润滑部位是否缺油等。若有问题应得到相应的处理后才进行作业。
(9) The crane must often check and maintain,dring part should be fully lubricated,
check the tightness of the connecting bolts,whether operation of all gears is in
order，whether wire rope of each gear occur break wire and loosen strand,winding
of wire rope on drum must be neat,rope cramp must be tightened.
(10) 塔机工作时，应设专门人员与司机联系、指挥吊装工作。
(10) When operation ， special personnel must be pointed to be responsible
forcommanding.
(11) 夜间作业，现场必须备有充分的照明设施。
(11) If needed climbing operating at night,enough lighting equipment must be
58
provided.
(12) 在多台塔机的施工现场，应防止空间碰撞。
(12) When more than two cranes are operating, the height between the jibs should
be staggered.
(13) 塔机应避开高压输电线安装，起重臂吊钩与一般动力线或照明线干涉时应采取安全
措施后才作业。
(13) When erecting crane, safety measures must be taken to avoid the interfering
of the high pressure wire,jib,counter-jib,hook,power line or lighting line etc.
(14) 司机下班前，必须将吊钩升起超过周围建筑物的高度或者吊钩避开这个幅度，最后
切断地面总电源。
(14) Before going off work，the driver must lift the hook above 3m from the
highestobstruction,and cut off the total power supply.
(15) 如得知天气预报超过 12 级大风时，塔身应用缆风绳加固稳定。
(15) If wind speed is above 12 grade，tower crane must be fastened firmly by ropes.
(16) 如遇雷电、大暴雨、浓雾或 6 级以上的风力时，应停止作业。
(16) When occurs thunder、heavy rain,heavy fog or over 5 grade wind speed，should
stop working.
(17) 塔机出现临时故障要修理或保养，都必须切断地面总电源，不允许带电检修。
(17) If occurring the fault,stops constanly.Cut off the total power supply，
It is forbidden to power operation。
(18) 塔机经过大修或转移场地重新安装后，必须严格检查各部连接件的可靠性，传动部
分有无干涉，金属结构有无损坏，电气设备及安全保护装置是否可靠，方可正式使用。
(18) When major repair or re-erection at each transferring construction site,，
check the connecting of each parts,whether operation of all drive devices are in
order or occurs noise,there should not be crackle and split weld no main welding
seam, electrical system and safety devices is realible,then for operation.
(19) 塔机工作完停机后
(19) Finished working
1).应关闭配电箱总电源并锁好，取下地面配电箱插头放在避雨处。
1).After getting off the tower crane ,switch off the total power supply and lock
it.
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2).塔机在非工作状态下，可以随风自由回转，故停机时应确保在起重臂范围内不得有
障碍物与塔机起重臂或吊钩相撞击。
2).After the crane stops operation, ensure that the crane rotate automatically
with the wind together.
7.2 电气系统及操作
7.2 Electrical system and operating
7.2.1 概述 overview
注：电控系统的安装、使用、维护和注意事项按随机的电控系统使用说明书规定执行。
Note：Install、operate、maintain and notes of electrical system must according to
the instruction
(1) 电气系统用于塔机的传动、控制、照明及各种安全保护和报警装置。
(1) Electrical system is be used to drive,control,lighting and safety
devices,alerting devices.
(2) 塔机采用 50Hz、380V 交流电源供电，其电压允许误差为±5%。
(2) 50Hz,380V power supply is present on crane . Voltage fluctuations of ±
10% as permitted.
(3) 塔机供电电缆进入塔机司机室小电箱，再到电控柜，由电控柜向各机构供电，司机
室联动台手柄内分别控制起升三速电机、回转电机和变幅二速电机动作，顶升机构由司机室
小电箱直接供电，由液压泵站上安装的小开关箱控制。
(3) The cables of tower crane wire from cabin box to electric control box.The
power is supplied for mechniasm by electric control box .The linkage operating
console is divided into the left and right one,which are used to send off command
control signal.The left handle controls the moters in slewing and trolley travel
mechanisms.The right handle controls moters inhoisting mechanism,climbing mechanism
poweris supplied by cabin box,the circuit breaker controls the oil pump motor in
hydraulic climbing mechanism.
(4) 为了保证塔机安全使用，本机设有零位保护、高度限位、小车变幅前后终端限位及
回转角度限位器，并设有力矩限制器及起重量限制器作超载保护，起升电机由空气开关作过
载短路保护，回转电机和变幅电机由空气开关作短路和过载保护，顶升电机由熔断器和热
继电器作短路和过载保护。
(4) For tower crane safety,the zero-position protect,eight limiter,trolley
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travel limiter and slewing limiter,wind-speed display alarm are installed.And moment
and load protective are used to avoid overload. The air-break switch is used in
hoisting motor as a overload and short circuit protection, the air-break switch is
used in slewing and trolley travel motor as a overload and short circuit protection，
the circuit breaker and thermalrelay is used in climbing motor as a overload and
short circuit protection.
7.2.2 电气安装
7.2.2 Electrical system installtioan
7.2.2.1 电气安装应在低塔安装完毕后进行，参看电气原理图，外部接线图及控制箱
接线图，连接各控制及动力电缆、制动器电缆、及安全装置、接地装置、障碍灯、风速仪。
7.2.2.1 Electrical system installtioan should finish after towercrane ereciton
in lower height.According to the electrical schema circuit, exterior wiring diagram
and control box wiring diagram，connect each control and power cable,brake cable,
and safety devices,earthen device,obstruction light, wind-speed apparatus.
7.2.2.2 送电之前对电气系统进行如下检查，符合下列要求后方可通电：
7.2.2.2 Before power supplied,check the electrical system as follow,which
connect with the power supply after the inspection is up to stangard ：
7.2.2.2.1 所有线路联接必须正确无误，该固定的电线电缆应有可靠的固定，防止塔机
在运行时损伤电缆。
7.2.2.2.1 All the lines connection are right,cables need fixed should be，prevent
the cable from leakage during operation.
7.2.2.2.2 在通电之前应对电气系统进行绝缘检查，主回路、控制回路对地绝缘电阻不
应小于 0.5 兆欧，塔身对地的接地电阻应不大于 4 欧。
7.2.2.2.2 Before the power supply,measure the insulation resistance to the
ground of each part, the insulation resistance value of the motor should not be less
than 0.5 MΩ，the insulation resistance value of the tower should not be less than
4 MΩ.
7.2.2.2.3 主电缆（地面至司机室电缆）在进入司机室前应穿入电缆保护圈后再进入司
机室，并留适当长度，保证塔机在左右一圈半的旋转时不致损坏电缆，且保证爬升时不损伤
电缆。
7.2.2.2.3 Main cable（ground to cabin）before connect to cabin should cross cabin
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protect circle，and retain proper length，in order to cables are not twisted in one
and a half right or left circle ,and not climbing.
7.2.2.2.4 将司机室所有操作机构置在安全位置，主开关放在断电位置，最后连接好地
面电源电缆。
7.2.2.2.4 Before power suppiled, move each operating handle to zero
position,air-switch,knife switch and the power on the site are switched off
respectively.
7.2.3 通电调试
7.2.3 Connect power and adjusting
7.2.3.1 将地面电源开关合上，送电到司机室检查三相电源应三相平衡，且电压应为
380V±10%（地面电网应能提供足够的容量，以保护电机正常启动和运转）。
7.2.3.1 Connect with the power supply,then connectcable of cabin,check the
three phase power whether balance，and voltage is 380V±10%（power supply shoule
support enough power，so that to portect motor normal starting and running）.
7.2.3.2 暂时松开高度限位器，幅度限位器，配合机械安装，穿好起升、变幅小车的
变幅钢丝绳，完成后，恢复原状。
7.2.3.2 Loosen the height limiter temporarily ， intalling the travel
limiter,assort machinery installtion，wind the hoisting,trolley wire ropes,after
that reinstatement。
7.2.3.3 起升机构的调试
先操作起升手柄，观察起升运转情况，当起升手柄向内拉时，吊钩应向上运动，向外推
时，吊钩应向下运动，否则应调整接至起升电机的电源的相序，以符合以上要求。
7.2.3.3 Adjusting hoisting mechanism
First operating the hoisting handle,observe the condition of hoisting
running,when hoistinghandle is moved inside,hook moves upward，when hoistinghandle
is moved outside,hook moves downward，otherwise should to adjust the phase-sequence
of motor，so that fulfill the requiments.
7.2.3.4 起升调试完毕后，分别操作回转和变幅手柄，回转手柄向左推时，起重臂应
向左转；手柄向右推时，起重臂应向右转，变幅手柄向内拉时，变幅小车向内走；手柄向外
推时，变幅小车应向外走；否则应调整接至各电机电源线的相序，以符合以上要求。
7.2.3.4 After hoisting mechanism adjustion,operating slewing and travel
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handles in turn，when the slewing handle is moved left,jib rotates left；when the
slewing handle is moved left，jib rotates right，when the travel handle is moved
inside,trolley moves inside, when the travel handle is moved outside,trolley
movesoutside,otherwise should to adjust the phase-sequence of motor，so that fulfill
the requiments.
7.2.4 使用注意事项
7.2.4 Notice
7.2.4.1 电送到司机室后（空气开关合上之前），障碍灯和司机室照明可通过小电箱
上的开关送电，插座上也有电，可供插风扇之用。
7.2.4.1 After cabin connect power（before air –switch working），small box
supply power to obstruction and cabin light，socket connect，suppiled to fan power.
7.2.4.2 按启动按钮，各操作手柄必须归零位，总接触器才可得电自保。
7.2.4.2 Press start switch，move each operating handle to zero position，chief
contactor should connect to self-insurance.
7.2.4.3 为防止回转打反车和紧急刹车扭伤塔机，在电气上设置延时装置。
7.2.4.3 Electrical system mounteddelay device to prevent tower from rack of
slewing positive and reverse switches are turned on suddenly,and stop instancy
在起重臂向右（向左）转后，不能马上向左（向右）转，须有几秒的间隔。回转手柄归
零位后，不能马上刹车，须有几秒的延时才能刹车。
After jib turned right(left)，it is not allowed to turn left(right) at once，
must remain several seconds. After slewing handle push to zero position，it is not
allowed to break at once，must remain several seconds
7.2.4.4 即使有上述延时装置，但为防止过大冲击，造成塔机的损伤，严禁回转的反
转制动和紧急刹车。
7.2.4.4 Even if, to protect the electrical system damage,it is not allowed to
operatinopposite direction and brake suddenly.
7.2.4.5 7．2．4．5 顶升之前要检查泵站电机转向是否与要求一致，否则应将转向调
整正确方可进行顶升，顶升时严禁回转、变幅和起升，以防止发生安全事故和绞断电缆。
7.2.4.5 Before climbing,check the oil pump motor rotation，adjust the diretion
if not meet the requiment.During the climbing,it is not allowed to slew,travel,in
order to avoid accident and cable broken.
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7.2.4.6 控制箱内延时继电器，过流继电器已调好，不要随便调整，如果更换元件则
应按电气系统说明书调整正确。
7.2.4.6 It is not allowed to adjust the delay relay , overcurrent relay in the
control box ， in case of adjusting should according to the electrical system
instructions.
7.2.5 塔机各机构使用
起重机的工作机构包括：起升机构、回转机构、变幅机构及顶升机构；各机构原理在前
面已表述。其使用、调试、维护、保养见所附各机构的说明书。
7.2.5 How to use the mechanism

Including：hoisting mechanism,slewing mechanism, trolley travel andclimbing
mechanism.Each mechanism using methods are showed above.Their
using,adjusting,meantains,service are according to their instructions.
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8．塔机的拆除
8.Dismantling the tower
拆塔作业应严格遵守规则，按照拆塔顺序（即立塔的逆过程）进行，防止事故发生，特
别在拆卸塔机的某些部件，如起重臂、平衡臂等时，应避免塔机的剩余部分失去平衡，造成
塔机倾覆事故。
Dismantling must stand to the sequence, avoid the accident, especially for
dismantling jib,counter-jib, keep the tower crane in balance at all time ，otherwise
will appear overturn accident.
8.1 拆塔前的准备工作
8.1 Preparations
8.1.1 保证拆卸区域无影响拆塔操作的障碍物。
8.1.1 Make sure dismantling area no stumbling block.
8.1.2 起重臂转至爬升架开口一侧。
8.1.2 Jib slewing to the side of climbing frame uncork.
8.2 拆塔作业
拆塔时，必须严格按照塔机安装和顶升加节的逆过程正确无误的进行，具体程序如下：
8.2 Dismantling
When dismantling，must stand to the sequence follow:
8.2.1 降塔：首先使塔机处于顶升的平衡状态，做好降节的准备工作。然后按升塔的逆
过程逐步拆卸标准节和附着架，直到能够用汽车吊或其它起重设备吊装的高度为止，塔身降
节过程见图 26。
8.2.1 Dismantling tower：First carry out balance operation befofe supporting
up the tower section.According to the reverse sequence of erection crane
dismantlingtower section, until mobile cranes can sling the equipment(see Figure
26).
8.2.2 拆卸平衡重：按安装平衡重的相反步骤拆卸平衡重（即留下 1 块平衡重不拆下）。
8.2.2 Dismantling counter-ballast： Dismantling is carried out according to the
reverse sequence of erection crane（but one of the ballast should be still remained.）
8.2.3 拆除起重钢丝绳
8.2.3 Dismantling hoisting ropes
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将吊钩滑轮组降至地面，取下起重臂端部钢丝绳的绳卡，将起升钢丝绳紧密缠绕在起升
卷筒上，并予以固定。拆绳时应对钢绳全长进行认真检查。
Lower the hook to the ground, remove the rope cappels， When dismantling the
ropes, check the total length of ropes carefully, the hoisting ropes should be wound
on the drum of the hoisting mechanism.
8.2.4 固定变幅小车：将变幅小车开至变幅机构附近或将小车用铁丝固定后，拆开变幅
钢丝绳小车的连接，并将钢丝绳紧密缠绕在变幅卷筒上并固定好。
8.2.4 Fix load trolley：Move the load trolley near the trolley travel mechanism
or fix it by iron wire, remove the ropes, wind rear ropes on the drum of trolley
and front ropes is fixed on the jib.
8.2.5 拆卸起重臂
8.2.5 Dismantling jib
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图 26 塔身降低（降节）过程图
(1) 根据安装起重臂所述的吊装点用吊车将起重臂吊起。
(1) Raising the end of the jib slightly using a mobile crane
(2) 利用手动葫芦或起升钢丝绳将起重臂拉杆拉板从塔顶处拆开，并松下起重臂拉杆，
放在起重臂上弦杆托架上固定好。
(2) Remove the fixing pins of the jib guy rod and put the jib guy rod into the
seat of the jib’s upper chords.
(3) 将起重臂缓缓下降至水平，取掉起重臂与回转塔身的连接销轴。
(3) Lower the jib to horizontal position, remove the fixing pins of slewing
tower.
(4) 将起重臂放下搁在地面支架上。
(4) Lower the jib to the ground.
如果吊车的起重能力不够，可用以下方法拆卸：
先吊起起重臂端部，拆卸拉杆系统后，将端部下放地面。然后吊起起重臂根部，拆除连
接销轴，将根部下放地面。
8.2.6 拆卸平衡臂
8.2.6 Dismantling counter-jib
(1) 先将尾部的平衡重块吊至地面，然后将平衡臂吊起，使其上翘。
(1) Lowering the counter-weight blocks to the ground, raise the counter-jib
slightly.
(2) 借用绳索将平衡拉板与塔顶的连接拆除，然后轻轻放置于平衡臂之上，且固定妥当。
(2) Remove the guy rod of the counter-jib.
Pay attention to the centre of gravity of the counter-jib when dismanlting.When
lowering move the jib end out of the slewing tower, tie a rope at the jib foot as
a guide.
(3) 绕好起升钢丝绳，拆除起升机构电缆。
(3) The hoisting wire rope should be wound on the drum of the hoisting mechanism，
dismantling the hoisting mechanism cable.
(4) 下降平衡臂至水平，拆除平衡根部连接销。
(4) Lowering the counter-jib to horizontal position，dismantling the guy rod of
slewing tower.
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(5) 将平衡臂下放至地面。
(5) Lower counter-jib to the ground.
8.2.7 拆卸塔顶
8.2.7 Dismantling tower head
起吊塔顶，拆除与回转塔身的连接螺栓，然后吊至地面。
Dismantling the shaft-pins with the slewing tower, sling the tower head, then
lower it to the ground.
8.2.8 拆卸司机室
8.2.8 Dismantling cabin
起吊司机室，拆除连接拉杆和槽钢支承连接螺栓并放至地面。
Remove the connecting shaft-pins and screws, sling the cabin.
8.2.9 拆卸回转塔身
8.2.9 Dismantling slewing tower
起吊回转塔身，拆除下部与上支座连接的螺栓后，放至地面。
Remove the connecting bolts, sling the slewing tower respectively, check that
there is no electric cable connecting the neighboring assemblies.
8.2.10 拆卸上支座、回转支承及下支座
8.2.10 Dismantling upper and lower abutments
用吊绳吊住上支座，拆除下支座与爬升架及标准节的连接螺栓，然后吊至地面。
Remove the connecting bolts, sling the upper and lower abutments and the slewing
ring as a whole, and lower it to the ground.
注：9、10 两步可合并为一整体拆除（吊装）
8.2.11 拆除爬升架总成
8.2.11 Dismantling climbing frame
(1) 拆除液压管路，将液压泵吊至地面，拆除走道、平台、扶栏依次吊至地面。
(1) Dismantling hydraulic pipeline,and lower pump station to the ground ，
pavement,platform,ladder in turn.
(2) 吊起爬升架，然后放置于地面。
(2) Sling the climbing frame，and lower it to the ground.
8.2.12 拆除标准节及加强节：拆除连接螺栓后将其吊至地面。
8.2.12 Dismantling tower section：Remove the connecting bolts, and lower it to
68
the ground.
8.2.13 拆卸基础节：松开地脚螺栓螺母，将基础节吊离基础。
8.2.13 Dismantling base section：Remove the anchor nut，and lower it to the
ground.
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9．塔机的保养与维修
9. Service and Maintenance of tower crane
为确保安全经济地使用塔机，延长其使用寿命，必须做好塔机的保养与维修及润滑工作。
9.1 塔机的保养
9.1 Tower crane maintenance
(1) 检查各减速器的油量，及时加油。
(1) Check speed reducers for oil quantity.
(2) 检查各部位钢丝绳有无散股、断丝、磨损等现象，超过有关规定必须及时更换。
(2) Check wire ropes at different positions for looseness,breakage or being
worn-out.Change defective ropes as required as relevant stipulations.
(3) 检查制动器的效能、间隙，必须保证可靠的灵敏度。
(3) Check brakes for performance and clearance to ensure reliable sensitivity.
(4) 检查各安全装置的灵敏可靠性。
(4) Check safety protecting devices for reliable sensitivity.
(5) 检查各螺栓连接处，尤其塔身标准节连接螺栓，当每使用一段时间后，必须重新进
行紧固。
(5) Check bolt connections.Re-tighten the bolts once again when they have been
used for certain period of time.
(6) 检查各钢丝绳头压板、卡子等是否松动，应及时紧固。
(6) Check steel rope head clampers and clips for loose status
(7) 钢丝绳、卷筒、滑轮、吊钩等的报废，应严格执行塔机相关标准规定。
(7) Reject steel ropes,drum,pulleys and hoisting hooks strictly according to
the relevant stipulations.
(8) 检查各金属构件，腹杆及焊缝有无裂纹，特别应注意油漆剥落的地方和部位，尤以
油漆呈 45°的斜条纹剥离最危险，必须迅速查明原因并及时处理。
(8) Check the rods,web rods and welds of metal structure members for fractures
and fissure.Pay special attention to the position where the paints are peeled.The
most dangerous is that the paint is striped(in 45° oblique strings.Trace the cause
immediately and dress the issue in time).
(9) 塔身各处（包括基础节与底架的连接）的连接螺栓螺母（按附录七塔机高强度螺
70
栓表）为专用特制件，任何情况下，绝对不准代用，而塔身安装时每一个螺栓必须用双螺母
拧紧。
(9) The connecting bolts and nuts of tower crane sections are specially-made;no
substitutes shall be replaced under any conditions.Each bolt shall tighten with nuts
for the installation of power sections.
(10) 塔身标准节螺栓性能等级为 10.9 级，螺母性能等级为 10 级（双螺母防松），螺
栓头部顶面和螺母头部顶面必须有性能等级标志，否则一律不准使用。
(10) The strength rating of high strength bolts for connecting tower sections
are 10.9,and nuts are 10,which should marked on the head of bolts and nuts.The bolts
and nuts whickout grade marked on the head are prohibited to use.
(11) 整机及金属机构每使用一个工程后，应进行除锈和喷刷油漆一次。
(11) Conduct rust removing and painting of the whole tower crane and its metal
mechanisms after completion of their each use in a project.
(12) 起升钢丝绳经过一段时间使用磨损拉长后，需重新按规定调整高度限位器。
(12) The hoisting height limiter should be adjusted again after the rope serves
for a period of time.
(13) 观察各电器触头是否氧化或烧损，若有接触不良应修复或更换。
(13) Check if the electrics connectors are oxidized or burned-down.Repair or
replace any poor connectors.
(14) 各限位开关和按钮不得失灵，零件若有生锈或损坏应及时更换。
(14) No function failures of limit switches and push buttons.Replace rusted or
damaged parts in time.
(15) 各电器开关，开关板等的绝缘必须良好，其绝缘电阻不应小于 0.5MΩ。
(15) Be sure that the insulation of electric switches to switch panels meet the
relevant requirements,with insulation no less than 0.5MΩ.
(16) 检查各电器元件之紧固螺栓是否松动，电缆及其它导线有否破裂并及时排除。
(16) Check if the bolts connecting electric componets are loosened:check power
cables and other conducting wires for fractures.Remove the trouble if any.
9.2 主要故障及排除方法
9.2 Main troubles and troubleshooting
9.2.1 一般性故障及排除见下表
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9.2.1 Ordinary troubles,troubleshooting and solution

序号故障现象故障原因排除方法
No. Troble Trobleshooting Solution
a.制动力矩过小，制动轮表面清污和制 1.清除表面油污;
动时间过长 1.get rid of oil stain of surface;
a.Braking moment too small,there are 2.调整制动器弹簧压力及制动瓦间隙值

制动器打滑产生吊钩下滑
oils on the surface of brake pulley 2.Adjust spring pressure and
1 Hook can not stop,
or brake-shoe. clearance of brake-shoe
falling after loading
b.制动器弹簧及制动瓦间隙调整不当
b.Braker spring and clearance of
brake-shoe is not right
制动时间过短,闸瓦两侧间隙不均衡加大制动瓦闸间隙或增大液压推杆行

2 制动器负载冲击过猛
程,把闸瓦调整均衡
制动器运转过程中发热冒制动闸瓦间隙过小加大制动瓦闸间隙
3 烟 Clearance of brake-shoe is too small Adjust clearance of brake-shoe
Brake smoke emission
a.润滑脂过量或太少注意适当增减油量
a.Lubrication oil deficient or Properly increase or decrease

减速器温度过高
excessive; oil,and oil mass according to the
4 Reducer temperature is
b.用油的标号是否正确 reducer operation instruction.
too high
b.Check whether the oils type is
right
a.主要是润滑脂过量或太少； 1.按规定更换润滑脂并适量;
a.Excessive or difficient grease; 1.Properly replace grease;
减速器轴承温度过高 b. 润滑脂质量差； 2.重新调整轴承间隙;
The temperature of the b.Grease quality very poor; Re-adjust the clearance of the
5
reducer bearings is too c.轴承轴向间隙不符合要求或轴承已损 bearings;
high 坏 3.更换轴承
c.Inproper axial clearance of the Replace bearings.
bearings or bearings is already
72
damaged
联接部位贴合面的密合性差，轴端密封更换密封圈
减速器漏油圈磨损严重 Replace sealing rings
6 Oil leakage from speed Contacting surface of connections is
reducer not tightened enough,sealing rings
at shaft ends is worn and damaged
回转机构启动困难主要看有否异物卡在齿轮处清除异物
7 Slewing mechanism Between big and small gear wether has Check resolve between big and small
starting difficulty. intervening object. gear intrusive things.
a.油泵磨损、效率下降； 1.修复或更换损坏件
a.Worn oil pump,declined efficiency; 1.Repair or replace the damaged parts
b.油箱油量不足或滤油器堵塞； 2.加足油量或清洗滤油器；
b.Oil in the tank is insufficient or 2.Fill adequate oil or clean oil
顶升太慢 oil filter clogged; filter;
8 Climbing speed is too c.手动换向阀阀杆与阀孔磨损严重；更换油缸密封件
slow c.Hand-operated value rod and value
hole severely worn;
e.油缸活塞密封有损伤出现内泄漏
e.Oil cylinder piston seal is damaged
and internal oil leakage
a.油泵严重内泄； 1.修复或更换损坏件；
a.Severe internal leakage from oil Repair or replace the worn parts;
pump; 2.按要求调节压力；Adjust pressure as
顶升无力或不能顶升 b.溢流阀调定压力过低； required;
Jacking force is not b.Overflow value pressure set too 3.清洗液压阀.

9
adequate or unable to low; 3.Clean hydraulic value.
jack. c.手动换向阀阀芯过度磨损；
c.Hand-operated value core
excessively worn;
d.溢流阀卡死，无所需压力;
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d.Overflow value clogged down
顶升升压时出现噪声振动滤油器堵塞清洗滤油器
Noise and vibration Oil filter clogged Clean oil filter
10 occur during jacking
operation at increasing
pressure
顶升系统不工作电机接线错误使油泵转向不对改变电机旋向
11 Climbing system is not Motor rotation and oil pump rotation Change motor rotation direction
working both in wrong direction
a.油缸活塞空气未排净； 1.按有关要求排气、更换油泵
顶升时发生颤动爬行
a.Air not completely exhausted from 1.Exhaust air as required
Creeping and quivering
12 oil cylinder 2.调整导向轮
during jacking
b.导向机构有障碍 2.Adjust guide pulleys
operation
b.Trouble with guide mechanism.
a.缸头上的平衡阀出现故障；排出故障，更换密封件
a.Trouble with balance value of the Remove trouble,replace sealing parts

顶升有负载后自降
cylinder head
13 Jacking drop when
b.油缸活塞密封损坏
loaded
b.Pitson sealing of oil cylinder is
damaged
a.控制接线错误; 1.核对接线图；
a.Control wiring in a wrong way; 1.Check wiring diagram;
b.熔丝烧断； 2.检查熔丝容量是否太小，如太小更换
起升机构不能起动 b.Fuse burned-down; 大的；
14 Hoisting mechanism c.电机绕组相间短路，接地及断路； 2.Check fuse capacity,change for
unable to start c.Electric motor windings large one if too small;
short-circuited,grounded or circuit 3.测量电网电压；按各挡位分别供电短
breaking; 路、断路予以修复；
d.电机电压过低； 3.Measure power grid voltage;
74
d.Motor working voltage is too lower; 4.检查制动器电压及绕组是否有断路或
e.绕组接线错误; 卡住.
e.Windings wiring in a wrong way; 4.Supply power to suit different
f.电磁制动器未松闸； speeds so as to find out short circuit
f.Electromagnetic break not and circuit breaking.Repair the
released; findings.
g.负载过大或传动机械有故障.
g.Too heavy load or trouble with the
transmission mechanism
a.机械摩擦： 1.检查定转子间隙是否均匀；
电机定转子相擦； 1.Check rotor clearance for being
电机和减速器不同心; uniform;
a.Mechanical wear，due to: 2.清洗轴承加润滑油，更换轴承；
friction between stator-rotor；更换齿轮箱；
Motor-speed reducer box not in 2.Clean bearings and add fresh

变幅机构有异常噪声，振
concentricity; lubrication oil.Replace bearings
动过大
b. 轴承严重缺油或损坏； 3.切断电源检查并修复
15 Abnormal noise and
b.Bearings without oil or damaged; 3.switch off power supply.Check and
vibration from
c.齿轮箱内缺油; repair.
trolleying mechanism
c.Gear box without oil;
d.齿轮磨损；
d.Gear worn;
e.电源两相运行，有啸啸声
e.2-phase operation with abnormal
noise
a.轴承烧坏； 1.更换轴承；
变幅机构轴承过热
a.Bearings burned down; 1.Replace bearings;
16 Trolleying mechanism
b.润滑脂过多或过少； 2.按要求加润滑脂
bearings over-heated
b.Grease too much or too few. 2.Add grease as required
17 变幅机构带电 a.电源线及接地线接错; 1.查出并纠正；
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Electrification with a.Power line or earth line wired in 1.Find out the cause,and remove the
the trolleying a wrong way; trouble;
mechanism b.接地不良; 2.接地要接触良好;
b.Poor earth connection; 2.Improve earth connection;
c.电机接线擦伤、接地 3.查出并纠正
c.Motor wires scratched and earthed 3. Find out the cause,and remove the
trouble.
a.制动力矩过小； 1.调整或更换制动器弹簧；
a.Braking moment too small; 1.Brake spring broken,replace the
b.摩擦片磨损间隙增大； spring;
变幅机构制动器失灵
b.Increased friction clearance of 2.调整间隙；
18 Brake failure with the
friction pieces; 2.Adjust clearance;
trolleying mechanism
c.励磁、电压不足查出并纠正
c.Excitation and inadequate voltage Find out the cause,and remove the
trouble.
a.负载过大； 1.测定子电流，如大于额定值要减小负
a.Load ecessive; 载；
b.负载持续及工作不符合规定； 1.Measure stator current,e.g.
b.Load continuing and work not as decrease load if heavier than rated
specificed; value;
变幅机构电动机温升过高 c.电源两相运行； 2.按规定进行运行
或冒烟 c.2-phaseoperation; 2.Operate as required
19 Trolleying mechanism d.电源电压过低或过高； 3.测量三相电流，排除故障；
motor over-heated or d.Power supply voltage too lower or 3.Measure 3-phase current to remove
smoke emission too high; troubles;
e.电机绕组接地或匝间、相间短路； 4.检查输入电压并纠正；
e.Power windings earthed or sfort 4.Check input voltage for necessary
circuited between phases; correction;
f.摩擦片间隙不对； 5.找出原因，并修复；
f.Incorrect clearance between 5.Find out the cause to repair;
76
friction pieces; 6.按要求调节间隙；
g.制动和释放时间不对； 6.Adjust clearance as required;
g.Braking time and releasing time 7.检查制动器电压及延迟断电器动作时
notcorrect; 间，消除故障；
h.电机通风不畅，温度升高; 7.Check brake for voltage and
h.Motor clogged,causing temperature time-delay for circuit breaker
rise. action and remove the trouble;
8.保持通风道畅通
8.Keep smooth ventilation
a.操作手柄没归零； 1.将手柄归零；
a.Operation handle not returned to 1.Returned handle not zero;
zero; 2.换熔断器；
启动按钮失灵 b.电控柜熔断器烧断； 2.Replace fuse;
20 Malfunction of master b.Fuse in the electric control 3.修或换按钮
push-button cabinet is burned down; 3.Repair ot replace te button.
c.启动按钮、停止按钮触不良;
c.Poor contact of the start-button
and stop-button.
a.起升电机过流，过流断电器吸合； 1.检查起升刹车是否打开，过流稳定值
a.Over current from hoisting 是否变化；
motor,actuating over-current 1.Check hoisting brakes for
breaker; open-up.Check Over-current

起升动作时跳闸
b.工地变压器容量不够或变压器至塔机 stabilization value for variation;
21 Hoisting mechanism
动力电缆的线径不够 2.更换变压器或加粗电缆
unable to start
b.Capacity of the site transformer is 2.Replace transformer or increase
inadequate,or power cable from cable diameter
transformer to tower crane has
inadequate diameter
9.2.2 与电气有关的故障及排除
因电气元件接触不良或元件耗损，导致与之相应的动作失灵或不准确等故障。请参看有
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关电控部件的说明书，查找原因，排除故障。
9.2.3 各部润滑表
9.2.3 Parts lubrication table
零部件名称润滑部位名称润滑剂种类润滑方法及周期
序号
Parts description Lubricating Lubricant specification Lubrication procedures and
No.
location lubrication interval(hours)
钢丝绳起升钢丝绳石墨钙基润滑脂每大、中修时注油

1
Wire rope 变幅钢丝绳
起升机构变速箱夏季：N220中负荷工业齿轮油每运行240小时适当加油，1500小时
Reducing unit of 冬季：N150中负荷工业齿轮油换油一次
hoisting mechanism Industrial gear oil N220 in Charge oil once every 240
Summer operating hours,and change oil
Industrial gear oil N150 in once every 1500 operating hours
winter
减速器
2 变幅机构减速器二硫化钼-2或在检修时，更换或补充润滑脂
Reducing unit
Reducing unit of ZL—2或锂基润滑脂
trolley travel
mechanism
回转机构减速器 000号减速器润滑脂在维修或油位下降时，及时补充。保
Reducing unit of 证润滑脂液面达到油位螺塞(减速机
Slewing mechanism 上部堵塞)的位置
减速器中各滚动轴承钙基润滑脂每工作160小时,适当加油,每半年清
All roller bearings Albany grease 除一次
in the reducing Charge oil once every 160
滚动轴承 unit operating hours ,clean out every

3
Roller bearing 卷筒轴承钙基润滑脂ZG-2 half a year
Winding drum Albany grease ZG-2
bearing
吊钩止推轴承钙基润滑脂
78
Hook thrust bearing Albany grease
所有电动机冬季:钙基润滑脂ZG-2 每工作1500小时,换油一次
电机轴承 All motors 夏季:钙基润滑脂ZG-5 Change new oil once every 1500
4
Moter bearings Albany grease ZG-2 in winter operating hours
Albany grease ZG-5 in Summer
起升机构定、动滑轮冬季:钙基润滑脂ZG-2 每工作240小时,换油一次
各导向轮夏季:钙基润滑脂ZG-5 Change new oil once every 240
All guide pilleys Albany grease ZG-2 in winter operating hours

定、动滑轮组
5 of fix/movable Albany grease ZG-5 in Summer
ulleys
assembly pulley of
the hoisting
mechanism
变幅机构滑动轴承冬季:钙基润滑脂ZG-2 每工作160小时,适当加油,每半年清
Trolley mechanism 夏季:钙基润滑脂ZG-5 除一次
sliding bearing Albany grease ZG-2 in winter Charge oil once every 160
滑动轴承
6 排绳机构滑动轴承 Albany grease ZG-5 in Summer operating hours, clean out every
Sliding bearing
Guiding rope half a year
mechanism sliding
bearing
制动器杠杆系统铰点各个铰点机油HJ-20 每工作56小时用油壶加油一次
7 Linkage point of All linkage points Oil HJ-20 Charge oil once by oilpot every
break beams 56 operating hours
各个铰点钙基润滑脂ZG-5 拆卸与安装前
8 起重臂与塔身二铰点 All axis pins and Albany grease ZG-5 Before erection
earholes
各运动部位及导向槽机油每工作160小时，油壶加油一次
9 换倍率装置 oil Charge oil once by oilpot every
160 operating hours
各机构、齿轮联轴器钙基润滑脂一季度注油一次

10 齿轮联轴器
Charge oil once every 3 months
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油箱抗磨液压油46# 工作200小时增添部分清洁油，工作
液压顶升泵站
Oil tank Anti-wear hydraulic oil 46# 2400小时后完全更换油
11 Hydraulic power
Change new oil completely after
unit
2400 hours operating hours
液力偶合器 6号液力传动油或工作200小时增添部分清洁油，工作

12 回转机构
22号汽轮机油 2400小时后完全更换油
开式齿轮外齿圈、
上、冬季:钙基润滑脂ZG-2 每工作 56 小时抹和注油一次 ,
下坐圈滚轮夏季:钙基润滑脂ZG-5 每720小时检查一次油量
Gear anular gear, Albany grease ZG-2 in winter
13 回转机构 upper and lower Albany grease ZG-5 in Summer
housing washer ball
race of slewing
mechanism
注：表中所提及的工作时间是指该零部件的实际累积工作时间
80
10．整机部件清单
10.Table of main parts
QTZ63（5013）型塔机零部件较多，装配复杂，特别是螺栓、螺母及销轴等零件，用量
大，其规格、材质也不同，容易装错，所以根据塔机装拆特点，列出塔机主要零部件清单如
下表，其内容包括：销轴、螺栓、螺母等易脱落、丢失的零部件等。以利于塔机在安装、拆
卸转场时的清点工作，避免在装配时混用错装和丢失。
各部件（组件）零部件清单：
QTZ63(5013)Tower crane has many parts,complex in assemble，especially in bolts,
nuts, pins, a large quantity,different in specification and materia, easy make
mistake，so list as follows,including：pins,bolts,nuts, etc.So worker can easier
avoid making mistake or losing parts during the erection or dismantling, transform
place, spare and accessory parts detailed list：
部件名称规格数量
Used in Name Spec. Qty.
钢筋砼基础预埋定位框 Bolts site 56×1980×1980 1件
件及配筋
anchor bolt 地脚螺栓（8.8 级） M36×1350 16 件
Foundation
hex nut 六角螺母（8 级） M36 32 件
flap gasket 平垫圈（300HV） 36 16 件
Square gasket 方垫圈（Q235） δ20×80×80 16 件
塔身基础节
塔身基础节 Base section 焊件 Welding 1节
Base section
塔身(独立高度塔身加强节 Lower Tower section 焊件 Welding 4节
40m 时) 塔身标准节 Tower section 焊件 Welding 10 节
六角螺栓（10.9 级）hex bolts M30×430 128 件
六角螺母（10 级）nut M30 256 件
平垫圈（300HV）flap gasket 30 128 件
爬升架 Climbing 爬升架结构 Climbing frame 焊件 Welding 1件
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frame
爬升架平台（带支撑）
焊件 Welding 7件
Climbing frame Platform（plank）
平台栏杆 Platform railing 焊件 Welding 11 件
六角头螺栓、螺母 hex bolts,nut M8×50 10 套
栏杆夹板 Guardrail clip 20 块
引进滚轮 guiding wheels 组件 assembly 4套
引进梁 guiding beam 组件座 assembly 2支
横杆（角钢） L70×7-1900 2支
高强螺栓（带双螺母、平垫圈）hex
M20×110 16 套
bolts,nut,flap gasket
液压顶升装置液压泵站、液压缸、高压软管
Climbing Hydraulic station,hydraulic 1套
mechanism cylinder, high pressuretube
顶升横梁 Climbing crossbeam 焊件 1件
油缸销 Cylinder pin φ60×137 1条
开口销 splitpin φ10×100 1条
回转支承组回转机构(带连接件) Slewing

组件 assembly 1套
Slewing ring mechanism
上、下支座(包括连接螺栓) Upper,lower
组件 assembly 1件
abutments(bolts)
平台、平台栏杆(带连接件) platform 组件 assembly 1套
回转塔身回转塔身 Slewing tower

焊件 welding 1件
Slewing tower
起重量限制器 load limlter 组件 welding 1件
销轴 pin φ50 8件
高强螺栓（10.9 级）high-tensile
M30×430 8件
boltshigh-tensile nut
高强螺母（10 级）high-tensile nut M30 16 件
平垫圈（300HV）flap gasket 30 8件
82
开口销 splitpin φ10×80 4条
开口销 splitpin 8×70 4条
塔顶塔顶结构 Tower head frame

焊件 1件
Tower head
机械式力矩限制器 Load moment limiter 组件 1套
平衡臂拉杆平衡臂拉杆销轴 φ45×88 6件
平衡臂拉杆Ⅰcounter-jib guy rod Ⅰ 组件 2件
平衡臂拉杆Ⅱcounter-jib guy rod Ⅱ 组件 4件
平衡臂平衡臂结构 counter-jib structure

焊件 2节
counter-jib
起升机构(带连接件) Hoisting
组件 1套
mechanism (connection)
平衡臂栏杆(带连接件) counter-jib
平衡臂焊件 9件
guaidrail
平衡臂平台(带连接件) counter-jib
焊件 2
platform
平台销轴 Platform pin φ45×116 6
排绳滑轮组 Pulley of rope guider 组件 1套
平衡重 Counter-bllast 2.02 吨(5 块)1.4 吨(1 块) 6块
平衡重支承销 Counter-bllast φ36(2 根短销用于第二块平

12
supporting pin 衡重)
两节臂销轴 Connect pin φ40×164 4
电控柜、电阻箱 Electrical control

组件 1套
cabinet, Resistance box
夹板总成 8套
起重臂三角桁架结构 Jib triangle

起重臂焊件 9节
truss frame
变幅机构 Trolley travel mechanism 组件 1套
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拉板支架（带连接件）Guy rod
焊件 6件
frame(include connetion)
下弦销 I Pin of jib lower chord I φ45×115 6
下弦销 II Pin of jib lower chord II φ40×110 10
上弦销 Pin of jib upper chord φ50×103 8
吊点销 Pin using in sling point φ45×159 4
起重臂拉杆销 Guy rod Pin φ45×123 10
吊点销轴 Pin using in sling point φ45×159 4
开口销 splitpin 8×70 14
起重臂拉杆
主调节板 Main adjustment frame 孔心距 955 焊件 1
Guy rod
副调节板 adjustment frame 孔心距 1100 焊件 1
副拉杆节 guy rod section φ50×5557(孔心距)焊件 2
主拉杆节 1 head plate φ50×5911(孔心距)焊件 1
主拉杆节 2 Main guy rod section 2 φ50×5870(孔心距)焊件 1
安装过渡节 Connection secyion 孔心距 225 焊件 2
吊点拉板 Sling point plate 孔心距 1000 焊件 2
吊点销轴 Jib guy rod Ⅳ φ45×159 4
销轴 pin φ45×92 10
开口销
开口销 8×70 14
spilt
变幅小车变幅小车 Trollery 组件 1件
吊钩组吊钩组 hook 组件 1件
司机室司机室(带连接件) carbin 组件 1件
电缆线 ( 司机室 — 基础节电箱 ) cable 按合同要
主电源电缆 YC-3×25+2×10
(Stationary) 求
84
附录一起重钢丝绳倍率变换方法
Appendix 1 Method of changing fall device

一、四倍率变两倍率 Change from 4 fall to 2 fall
1. 将吊钩竖放于爬升架平台或楼地面（变幅小车的正下方）。
2. 拆下吊钩活动滑轮架下端销轴，开动起升机构，将吊钩活动滑轮架上升至接近下端
后减慢上升速度，直到活动滑轮架上端销轴穿入小车底板孔后，用φ10×80 开口销穿入活动
滑轮架上端轴销孔并张开开口销，将活动滑轮架固定在小车上。
3. 将原拆下的销轴穿回原处，并穿好开口销，开动起升机构，升高吊钩，至此完成四
换二倍率。
Lower the hook to the ground.Remove the flexible pulley and make it go up just
under the load trolley, thus changing from 4-fall to 2-fall is finished.
二、二倍率变四倍率 Change from 2 fall to 4 fall
1. 将吊钩竖放于爬升架平台或楼地面（变幅小车的正下方），拔下固定活动滑轮架下
端的销轴。
2. 张紧起升钢丝绳，拆下吊钩活动滑轮架上端销轴开口销，开动起升机构，将活动滑
轮架下放到吊钩上，穿上下端销轴、开口销，将活动滑轮架固定在吊钩上。
3. 开动起升机构提起吊钩，至此完成二换四倍率。
Lower the hook to the ground continue to operate the hoisting mechanism until
wire ropes are released. The flexible pulley orignally supported beneath the load
trolley drops straight to the ground, and then is anchored on the hook clamped plate
using shaft-pins. When the flexible pulley is up or down together with the hook,
2 fall are changed into 4 fall.
注：塔机在独立式高度以下工作时，建议吊钩采用 4 倍率钢丝绳工作。因为低塔采用 2
倍率起升，吊钩的速度比较快，频繁的起制动起升机构，容易使卷筒多层卷绕的钢丝绳返松；
造成排绳不良和加速钢丝绳磨损。
另：钢丝绳为易损件，除做好必要的保养和润滑外，应尽可能避免不使用的钢丝绳在卷
筒上多层缠绕，多层绕绳会导致下层钢丝绳严重变形。
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变幅小车开口销
活动滚轮架
开口销
销轴
吊钩
图为4 倍率工作状态箭头方向为变换2倍率示意图为2倍率工作状态
换倍率装置图
86
附录二塔机安全装置及其调试
Appendix 2 Adjusting methods of safety devices
安全装置图 Safety devices
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塔机安全保护装置主要包括：行程限位器和载荷限制器。行程限位器有：起升高度限位
器，回转限位器和幅度限位器；载荷限制器有：起重力矩限制器，起重量限制器，此外还包
括风速仪。
The Safety devices of tower crane consist mainly of the travel limiter and load
limiter.The travel limiter consists of the hoisting height limiter,slewing limiter
and trolley travel limiter.The Load limiter consists of the hoist moment limiter
and load limiter.The anemometer is also included.
1．多功能限位器（起升高度、幅度、回转限位器见图）。
Multiple-purpose limiter
本塔机的起升高度、变幅、回转限位器
分别为 DXZ-4/7，DXZ-4/5，DXZ-4/3，
三个多功能行程限位器。
Three kinds of limiter: DXZ-4/7
hoisting height limiter ， DXZ-4/5
trolley travel limiter ， DXZ-4/3
slewing limiter
（1）多功能行程限位器调整程序
Adjustment procedures
① 拆开上罩壳，检查并拧紧 2 个 M3×
55 螺钉。
Dismantle the upper cover,check and screw down 2-M3×55 screws.
② 松开 M5 螺母。
Unscrew M5 nuts.
③ 根据需要，将被控机构开至指定位置
调整轴（Z）、凸轮（T）和微动开关 WK
（空载），这时控制该机构动作的对应微对应关系如下： 1Z→1T→1WK 2Z→2T→2WK
动开关瞬时切换。即：调整对应的调整轴 3Z→3T→3WK 4Z→4T→4WK

起升高度、幅度、回转限位器示意图（多功能限位器）
（Z）使记忆齿轮（T）压下微动开关（WK）
触点。
Drive the mechanism under control to a designed position(without load) to meet
the requirements.At this time,the micro-switch should make transient change-over
corresponding to the action of this mechanism i.e. adjust the corresponding axle(Z)
88
to make the memory gear(T) press down the micro-switch(WK) contact.

④ 拧紧 M5 螺母（螺母一定要拧紧，否则将产生记忆紊乱）。
Screw down M5 nuts(be sure of screwing them down,otherwise foul-up memory will
occur).
⑤ 机构反复空载运行数次，验证记忆位置是否准确（有误时重复上述调整）。
Make the mechanism operate under no-load condition again and again several times
to check memorized positions for accuracy(repeat the above adjustments in case of
deviations).
⑥ 确认位置符合要求，紧固 M5 螺母，装上罩壳。
Make sure that the position is as specified.Srcew down M5 nuts and re-cover the
casing.
⑦机构正常工作后，应经常核对记忆控制位置是否变动，以便及时修正。
After the mechanism working normally,check at certain interval the memory
control position for deviations.Correct the deviations if any.
（2）起升高度限位器的的调整方法 Adjustment for Hoist height limiter.
①按多功能行程限位器调整程序（1）①～⑦调整
Adjusting procedures according to item (1)①～⑦.
②调整在空载下进行，用手指分别压下微动开关（1WK、2WK 和 3WK），确认提升极限限位、
提升减速或下降限位微动开关是否正确。
Adjust at no-load conditions.Press down micro-switches（1WK、2WK 和 3WK）by finger
to check the rising micro-switch lowering micro-switch for correct action.
③提升减速限位调整：高速开动起升机构，当吊钩滑轮离变幅小车的距离在 3 米左右时，调
动（2Z）轴，使凸轮（2T）动作并压下微动开关（2WK）。使高速提升自动转成低速提升。
④提升极限限位调整：使变幅小车与吊钩滑轮的最小距离不小于 1 米时，调动（1Z）轴，使
凸轮（1T）动作并压下微动开关（1WK）换接。拧紧 M5 螺母。
Adjust axle(1Z) to make cam(1T) act and press down micro-switch(1WK) for
changing.This is done when the minimum distance from trolley to hook is not smaller
than 1m in hoisting to its extreme limit.
⑤用户根据需要可通过 3WK 调定下限位，以防止操作失误，使下降时吊钩在接触地面前（确
保卷筒上不小 3 圈钢丝绳时），能终止下降运动。其调整方法（按多功能行程限位器调整程
序①～⑦）。
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Customers can adjust the lower limit by 2WK so as to avoid operation errors and
make the hoisting hook stop lowering movement before the hook touching the ground(no
less than 3-round sreel ropes on the wire drum).The adjustment method is the same
as item （1）①～⑦.
特别注意：更换钢丝绳后必须重新调整高度限位器，特别是提升极限限位的调整。
Especially note:After changing wire rope,it is necessary to adjust the height limiter
again.
（3）回转限位器调整方法（按多功能行程限位器调整程序①～⑦）
Adjust for slewing limiter(Adjusting procedures according to item (1)①～⑦).
①在电缆处于自由状态时调整回转限位器。
Adjusts the slewing limiter while the jib is at erection position(power cable
at free status).
②调整在空载下进行，用手指逐个压下微动开关（WK）
1
确认控制左右的微动开关（WK）是否正确。
Adjust under no-load condition.Press down
2
the micro-switch(WK) by finger to check the

3
micro-switch for correct left and right control.

③向左回转 540°（1.5 圈）按多功能行程限位器调 4
整程序①～⑦，调动调整轴（4Z）使凸轮（4T）动作 5
至微动开关（4 WK）瞬时换接，然后拧紧 M5 螺母。 1—多功能行程限位器 2—过渡万向节

Slew to the left for 540°(1.5 round).Follow 3—板 4—小齿轮 5— 开口销
回转限位器示意图
the item (1)①～⑦ to adjust the axle(4Z) to make
the cam(4T) move to achieve transient changing by the micro-switch(4KW).Screw down
M5 nuts.
④再向右回转 1080°（3 圈）按多功能行程限位器调整程序①～⑦，调动调整轴（1Z）使凸轮
（1T）动作至微动开关（1WK）瞬时换接，然后拧紧 M5 螺母。
Slew to the right for 1080°(3 round). Follow the item (1)①～⑦ to adjust the
axle(1Z) to make the cam(1T) move to achieve transient changing by the
micro-switch(1KW).Screw down M5 nuts.
⑤验证左右回转动作。
Check if the left and right slewing is correct.
90
（4）幅度限位器的调整方法（按多功能行程限位器调整程序(1)①～⑦）
Adjust Method for trolley travel limiter(the same procedures as item (1) ①～
⑦).
①向外变幅及减速和起重臂臂尖极限限位:将变幅小车开到距起重臂臂尖缓冲器 1.5 米处，
调整轴（2Z）使记忆凸轮（2T）转至将微动开关（2WK）动作换接。（调整时应同时使凸轮
（3T）与（2T）重叠，以避免在制动前发生减速干扰），并拧紧 M5 螺母，再将变幅小车开
至起重臂臂尖缓冲器 220mm 处，按程序调整轴（1Z）使（1T）转至将微动形状（1WK）动作，
拧紧 M5 螺母。
Outward travel at lower speed and extreme position limiting at the jib-end:Drive
the trolley at the position of 1.5m away from the jib-end buffer.Adjust the axle
(2Z) to turn the memory cam(2T) to enable the micro-switch(2WK) for action.(Enable
simultaneous overlap of the cam(3T) to the cam(2T) to avoid speed reduction
interference before breaking).Screw down M5 nuts.Drive the trolley to the position
of 220mm away from the jip-end.Follow the procedures to adjust the axle(1Z) to
rotate(1T) to make the micro-switch(1WK) act.Screw down M5 nuts.
②向内变幅及减速和起重臂臂根限位:调整方法同上，分别距起重臂臂根缓冲器 1.5 米和
200mm 处进行（3Z-3T-3WK，4Z-4T-4WK）减速和起重臂臂根限位和调整。
Inward travel and extreme position limiting at the jib-root:The adjustment
method is the same as item (4).Carry out speed reduction adjustment and position
limiting at the jib-root（3Z-3T-3WK，4Z-4T-4WK） at 1500mm and 200mm away.
③验正和修正。Check and correct.
④注意:更换钢丝绳后必须重新调整幅度限位器。
Especially note:After changing wire rope,it is necessary to adjust the slewing
limiter again.
2.力矩限制器 Moment limiter
本机装有拉杆式环形力矩限制器，当力矩达到额定值的 80%时，司机室的预报警灯
亮，当达到额定值的 100%～110%时（本厂设定值为 100%～105%），起升向上断电，变幅
小车向外变幅断电，同时发出超载报警声。
The tower crane is provided with a mechanical type moment limiter for
protection purpose.When the moment has reached 80% of its rated value,the
pre-warning light in the operator cab is on.When the moment has reached 100%～
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110% of its rated value,hoisting up and the trolley outwards-travel are stopped
due to power of and over-load alarm at the same time.
2.1 力矩限制器的组成(见下图)
力矩限制器由力矩限制器环体、上拉铁、下拉铁、拉杆和相应的锁紧螺母等组成。
2.2 力矩限制器安装
对采用固定式塔顶结构的机型，力矩限制器安装在塔顶的平衡臂侧的后弦杆靠下的
位置。力矩限制器的安装(见下图)：
塔机在喷漆前，先将上下拉铁焊接在塔机的塔顶后弦杆靠下的位置，焊接时用随同
产品带来的标准杆（长度 1.5 米），穿过上下拉铁的装配孔，使上下拉铁两孔保持同心。
塔机立塔后，再将力矩限制器的环体，通过 M10×100 的螺栓将环体下端的环铁连接头与
下拉铁连接在一起。将拉杆上端的螺纹部分从上拉铁孔由下往上穿过，拉杆下端的螺纹
部分装在环杆连接头内（扭进 20mm 左右），再用下端紧固螺母扭紧，在固紧侧紧固螺钉。
将拉杆松紧调整螺母用手扭紧(一般使环体处在自然状态)，再用扳手轻微调半圈，使开
关 K4 由断开进入接通状态，再用两只扳手固紧拉杆上端紧固螺母和顶部紧固螺母。至此
力矩限制器安装完毕，待塔机验收时再进行细调。
After erecting,connects the lower tie-in of the force-ring of moment limiter
to the lower pull block by a bolt of M10×100.Make the threaded rod through the
hole of the upper pull block and connects the upper tie-in of the force-ring of
moment limiter to the threaded rod(about 20mm).Screw the nut and then screw the
bolt.Screw the adjusting nut a semi-circle by spanner to make the switch K4 on
condition.Screw the two fastening nuts by spanner.Installing the moment limiter
is OK.
92
锁扣锁销
变形弹片
M4×40螺钉
微动开关环铁连接头
M10×100螺钉
上拉铁
下拉铁
盖板
环杆连接头
电缆出线孔环体
拉杆松紧调整螺母拉杆松紧调整螺母
顶部紧固螺母
拉杆
K1 K2
K3 K4
环体下拉铁
侧紧固螺钉
拉杆松紧调整螺母
上下盖板 K1-K4调整螺钉
35 1500±2
2.3 力矩限制器的结构和工作原理
当塔机起吊重物时，塔顶受力塔顶的后弦杆发生弯曲，焊接在塔顶上的上、下拉铁
发生了变化，即上拉铁向上方弧线位移，下拉铁向下方弧线位移，使拉杆受力后，拉动
环体发生变形，使装在环体内的弓形板发生变形，带动微动开关触头碰到环体上的可调
螺钉，实现在达到设定的不同力矩时能够声光报警并限制变幅小车高速向外或切断塔机
起升向上和变幅小车向外变幅的电路，允许向内变幅和下降，起到限制力矩的保护作用。
使塔机能及时方便的卸去载荷或减小载荷力矩，避免了塔机超力矩作业，保证了塔机安
全。
力矩限制器环体采用受力环的结构，内部装有 4 个微动开关。可调整微动开关 K 1 ～K 3
的可调螺钉来控制所需要超力矩报警、超力矩断电等功能。
The moment limiter consists of four micro-switchs with force-ring structure.
当力矩限制器安装完毕，在调整拉杆顶部的松紧螺母时，应将 K 4 (常开)点 1#、2#线
调整为接通状态。1#、2#线串入起升机构的控制线路中，防止用户调整力矩限制器拉杆顶
部的松紧调整螺母，来随意增加塔机的吨位。当人为随意调松调整螺母时(增大起重吨位)，
环体内微动开关 K 4 动作，1#、2#线断开，起升机构上升的控制线路断开。
拉杆式环形力矩限制器是采用外调整方法进行调整。调整时，在“吨位调整”用 M5
内六角扳手调整即可，逆时针为增加吨位，顺时针为减少吨位。
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力矩限制器调整交验完毕，可将锁扣盖好，用 M4×40 螺钉穿过锁销上的孔，用 M4

螺母扭紧，再将螺钉弯曲，防止非专业人员调整。
2．4 力矩限制器的调整（钢丝绳四倍率）
Adjustment of Moment Limiter(wire rope at 4 fall)
起重量达到额定起重量的 80%时，调 K1 微动开关动作，限制变幅小车高速向外，发出
声光警告；达到 105%时，调 K2、K3，切断起升和变幅电机电源，禁止起升和向外变幅，允
许下降和向内变幅。
80% momrnt for alarming,adjust the switch K1,trolley is preferable to travel
in high speed outwards,the alarm lamp on the control give an wraning,105% moment
for cutting off the electricity,adjust the K2,K3,cutting off hoisting and traveling
power supply.It is forbidden upward hoisting or outward traveling,allow lower and
reduce radius.
调整时应参照附录三《不同臂长时起重特性表》进行。下面以 50 米臂长时为例，介绍
调整方法。
For the various load values and length, refer to the Appendix 3 different jib
length hoisting performance.For example to
最大幅度 R max ，最大幅度处额定起重量 Q Rmax 。

Maximum Radius R max ,
①用定幅变码方法调整 Fixed radius and hoisting load variable
A.在最大幅度 R max (50m)处吊起相应的额定载荷 Q Rmax 的 80%即 1.04t(1.3×0.8=1.04)，调
整力矩限制器微动开关 K1 对应的调节螺栓，直至微动开关动作，从而接通蜂鸣器及预警灯，
发出 80%力矩的声光警告，同时限制变幅小车高速向外，重复 2 次动作无误后，旋紧锁紧
螺母。
When the jib length is 50m,lift 80% rated load 1.04t(1.3×0.8=1.04),adjust load
moment switch K1 corresponding adjustment bolt,until switch act,so that connect
buzzer and alarm speed outward,repeat item two times,then tighten the nuts.
B.在最大幅度 R max (50m)处吊起相应的额定起重量 Q Rmax (1.3t)，调整力矩限制器上微动开
关 K2 所对应的调节螺栓，使其到快要顶开行程开关常闭触点（听见顶开的声音后松一点）
时，放下载荷后重新用一速、二速起升，应能正常作业。
In maximum radius 50m lift rated load is 1.3t,adjust bolts corresponding switch
94
K2 on the load moment limiter,make it almost touch the normal close spot of travel
switch(hear rthe sound and release a little),ground the load and relift with first
speed,second speed,should lift normally.
C.放下载荷，将载荷增加至 Q Rmax 的 105%(这时载荷为 1.3×105%=1.365t)，重新作起升
动作，应在载荷未离地或刚离地时自动断电停止上升作业，否则应再将调节螺栓顶进一点。
Increased 5%（now load is 1.3×105%=1.37t），relift again，before left ground
or just left ground,cut off the power supply automatically to stop lifting，otherwise
make the adjustment bolt screw more forward.
D.用同样的方法调整微动开关 K3，（K2、K3 可同时调节）反复进行几次，均能达到 B、
C 两项要求无误时，旋紧 K2、K3 锁紧螺母。
Using same steps to adjust switch K3，
（K2、K3 can adjust at the same time ）,repeat
item several times,when reach the requiments of B、C，tighten K2、K3 nuts.
②用定幅变码方法校核 105%超力矩(K2 对应控制起升)
Fixed radius and hoisting load variable to test 105% overload moment(K2 switch)
A.在幅度 R Qmax (14.15m)处吊起该处最大额定起重量 Q max =6t，力矩限制器不应动作，允许
起升。
14.15m lift the rated load Q max =6t，load moment limiter does not act,allow lift.
B.放下重物，然后以慢速起升额定载荷 Q max 的 105%(即 6×105%=6.3t)，力矩限制器应动
作，不能起升，否则应调整 K2 对应调节螺栓。
Then lift 6.3t（6×105%） in slowly speed，load moment limiter act,not allow
lift，otherwise should adjust bolt corresponding K2.
C.反复 B 项动作几次无误后，再将 K2 对应调节螺栓锁紧螺母锁紧。
Repeat item B several times ， and then tighten K2 lock nut coreesponding
adjustement bolt.
③ 用定码变幅方法校核 105%超力矩(K3 对应控制变幅)
Fixed hoisting load and radius variable to test 105% overload moment(K3
switch)
A.在幅度 35m 处吊起该处额定载荷即 2.095t。
35m lift rated load（the different jib length hoisting performance.(Attached
3) is 2.095t
B.操纵变幅机构向前变幅，应在幅度 35m～36.75m 范围内自动减速并停车，否则再调一
-95-
点 K3 对应调节螺栓。
Operated trolley traveling mechanism forward to 35m～36.75m travel speed slow
down automatically and stop, otherwise should adjust bolt coreesponding K3.
C.向后变幅一段距离后再向前，在 35m 幅度内应变幅自如。
backward and forward,must change radius smoothly in range of 35m .
D.反复 B、C 两项动作几次无误后，再将 K3 对应调节螺栓锁紧螺母锁紧。
Repeat item B、C serveal times，and then tighten K3 lock nut coreesponding
adjustement bolt.
力矩限制器的调整与吊载冲击及变幅运行惯性有关，所以能在额定载荷力矩的 0～+5%
范围内起控制作用即为合格。
Load moment adjustment depends onhoisting impaction and travling intertia，
so regard as acceptable if act in rated load moment0～+5%.
注：塔机起重力矩限制器是防止塔机过载力矩的最关键装置，因此不管任何时候，必须
保证起重力矩限制器正常有效工作，使用单位必须经常检查力矩限制器是否完好无损。塔
机每移装一次或停机半年以上的，必须重新按说明书要求调试力矩限制器，确保力矩限制
器正常有效工作，对有损伤的力矩限制器必须彻底修复并调试好后，塔机才准予使用。
Note：The load moment limiter is to enable load moment not exceed rated load
moment,anytime,must ensure it is reliable before operation,user must check the
load moment limiter whether is in good states.When reerection at each transfer
construction,or after stop operation over half year,note that the
empty-load,dynamic load and static load test should be carried out before the
crane is put into opertaion.
Remember that an incorrectly load moment limiter is potentially even more
dangerous than one which is not existing since it gives the crane operator a false
of security which could result in a serious accident.
3．起重量限制器 Load Limiter
(1) 作用 Purpose
塔机的许多结构件、机构及零件都是根据塔机整体设计时设定的最大起重量而计算、设
计的，起重量限制器就是用来防止塔机出现超过最大起重量作业而损坏塔机构件、机构或零
件，保证塔机的作业安全。
96
The crane structure and its hoist winch are calculated and designed for a maximum
load.This load must not be exceeded,and it is the
purpose of the limiter cut-out to prevent any
exceeding.
(2) 工作原理：Principle
起重量限制器是一个名叫测力环的专用组件，它
安装在回转塔身上，起重钢丝绳从其滑轮绳槽中穿过，
载荷在钢丝绳上的张力经滑轮传给安装滑轮的测力环
上，使测力环产生微量变形，这个变形通过测力环内的
放大器将变形放大，当载荷达到某设定值时，放大器金属片上的可调螺栓即顶开行程开关
使起升机构的某速度控制电路断开，而使起升机构不能作某速度运行，从而可限制某速度
的载荷，通过调整测力环四个调整螺栓即可以使某速度下的载荷得以控制。
The hoisting rope running over the weighting
1.环体 dynamometric ring 2.弹片 strip
pulley transmits forces to the dynamometric ring 3.微动开关 switch 4.可调螺钉 adjustable screw
起重量限制器 Load Limiter
riggidly fitted to the pulley which deflect said
rings depending on the load raised.Metal strips provided with contactors and
adjustable screws fitted inside the rings,register the deflection.This system, when
appropriately adjusted,allows the contactors to act on the safety circuits depending
on the loads to be controlled.
(3) 调整要求：Adjustment method：
起重量达到额定起重量的 50%时，限制起升速度最高在二档运行；起重量达到额定起重
量的 90%时，发出提示性音响警告；达到额定起重量的 105%时，切断起升电机的电源，禁止
起升，容许下降。
Increase to rated load 50%，it can not lift at high hoisting speed ,increase
to rated load 90%，send alarm sound,increase to rated load 105%，cut off the hoist
moter power supply，do not allow lift，allow lower.
⑷ 调整方法：Adjustment method：
① 50%起重量限制器的调整方法（高速档调整）50% load moment limiter adjusting
臂长 50m，采用倍率 a=4，额定最大起重量 Q max = 6t，在幅度 R=10m 处，起吊重量为
6t×50%=3t，起升机构以额定起升速度正常工作，起重量限制器不应动作。放下重物加载至
6t×50%×105%=3.15t，起重量限制器应动作，调整起重量限位器内行程开关 K1 的调节螺栓，
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使行程开关触发，限制高速；
a=4, Q=3t , R=10m，hoisting is lifted and lowered normally，load limiter does
not act.Increase to 6t×50%×105%=3.15t，load limiter act，adjusting travel switch
K1 adjustment nut（join） of load limiter，travel switch act ,not allow high speed.
臂长 50m，采用倍率 a=2，额定最大起重量 Q max = 3t，在幅度 R=10m 处，起吊重量为
3t×50%=1.5t，起升机构以额定起升速度正常工作，起重量限制器不应动作。放下重物加载
至 3t×50%×105%=1.575t，起重量限制器应动作，调整起重量限位器内行程开关 K1 的调节
螺栓，使行程开关触发，限制高速；
a=2,Q=1.5t , R=10m，hoisting is lifted and lowered normally，load limiter does
not act. Increase to 1.575t,load limiter act, adjusting travel switch K1 adjustment
nut（join） of load limiter，travel switch act ,not allow high speed.
② 90%起重量限制器的调整方法（中速档调整）90% load moment limiter adjusting
臂长 50m，采用倍率 a=4，额定最大起重量 Q max = 6t，在幅度 R=10m 处，起吊重量为 6t
×90%= 5.4t，起升机构以额定起升速度（中速）正常工作，起重量限制器不应动作。放下
重物加载至 6t×90%×105%= 5.67t，起重量限制器应动作，调整起重量限位器内行程开关
K2 的调节螺栓，接通蜂鸣器，发出音响警告；
a=4,Q=5.4t,R=10m,hoisting is lifted and lowered normally at second speed,load
limiter does not act. Increase to 6t×90%×105%= 5.67t,load limiter act，adjusting
travel switch K2 adjustment nut (join) of load limiter，connect buzzer，send out
alarm sound.
臂长 50m，采用倍率 a=2，额定最大起重量 Q max = 3t，在幅度 R=10m 处，起吊重量为 3t
×90%= 2.7t，起升机构以额定起升速度（中速）正常工作，起重量限制器不应动作。放下
重物加载至 3t×90%×105%= 2.835t，起重量限制器应动作，调整起重量限位器内行程开关
K2 的调节螺栓，接通蜂鸣器，发出音响警告；
a=2, Q=3t×90%= 2.7t,R=10m 处 hoisting is lifted and lowered normally at second
speed, load limiter does not act. Increase to 3t×90%×105%= 2.835t ,load limiter
act,adjusting travel switch K2 adjustment nut（join） of load limiter，connect buzzer，
send out alarm sound.
③ 105%起重量限位器的调整方法（低速档调整）105% load moment limiter adjusting
臂长 50m，采用倍率 a=4，额定最大起重量 Q max = 6t。在幅度 R=10m 处，起吊额定最大起
重量 Q max = 6t，起升机构以额定起升速度（中速）正常工作，起重量限制器不应动作。放下
98
重物加载至 6t ×105%= 6.3t，低速起升，起重量限制器应动作，调整起重量限位器内行程

开关 K3 的调节螺栓至断电，限制起升，同时接通蜂鸣器，发出音响警告，重复两次。
a=4,Q=6t,R=10m，hoisting is lifted and lowered normally at second speed,load
limiter does not act. Increase to 6.3t，load limiter act，adjusting travel switch
K3,k4 adjustment nut （ join ） of load limiter ， connect buzzer ， send out alarm
sound.Repeat items twice until it is adjustment.
臂长 50m，采用倍率 a=2，额定最大起重量 Q max = 3t。在幅度 R=10m 处，起吊额定最大起
重量 Q max = 3t，起升机构以额定起升速度（中速）正常工作，起重量限制器不应动作。放下
重物加载至 3t ×105%= 3.15t，低速起升，起重量限制器应动作，调整起重量限位器内行程
开关 K3 的调节螺栓至断电，限制起升，同时接通蜂鸣器，发出音响警告，重复两次。
a=2, Q max = 3t,R=10m, hoisting is lifted and lowered normally at second speed,load
limiter does not act. Increase to 3t ×105%= 3.15t，load limiter act，adjusting travel
switch K3,k4 adjustment nut（join） of load limiter，connect buzzer，send out alarm
sound.Repeat items twice until it is adjustment.
调整完毕后，重复以上动作，以验证行程开关动作的可靠性
After that,repeat items again, to check its realiability and repetition.
注：上述所指起吊重量均应包括吊钩以下钢丝绳的重量；
Note：Load weight inculding the wire rope weights below the hook.
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附录三不同臂长时起重特性表
Appendix 3 Different jib length hoisting performance
50 米臂起重量(kg) 50m jib 44 米臂起重量(kg) 44m jib 38 米臂起重量(kg) 44m jib 32 米臂起重量(kg) 44m jib
幅度 4 倍率 2 倍率幅度 4 倍率 2 倍率幅度 4 倍率 2 倍率幅度 4 倍率 2 倍率
Radius 4 fall 2 fall Radius 4 fall 2 fall Radius 4 fall 2 fall Radius 4 fall 2 fall
2～14.15 6000 3000 2～14.47 6000 3000 2～15.34 3000 6000 2～13.94 6000 3000
15 5631 3000 15 5768 3000 16 3000 5717 14 5972 3000
16 5244 3000 16 5373 3000 17 3000 5330 15 5537 3000
17 4903 3000 17 5024 3000 18 3000 4988 16 5156 3000
18 4600 3000 18 4714 3000 19 3000 4683 17 4820 3000
19 4328 3000 19 4437 3000 20 3000 4409 18 4521 3000
20 4084 3000 20 4187 3000 21 3000 4163 19 4254 3000
21 3863 3000 21 3961 3000 22 3000 3940 20 4014 3000
22 3662 3000 22 3756 3000 23 3000 3737 21 3796 3000
23 3479 3000 23 3569 3000 24 3000 3551 22 3598 3000
24 3311 3000 24 3397 3000 25 3000 3381 23 3418 3000
25 3156 3000 25 3239 3000 26 3000 3224 24 3252 3000
26 3013 3000 26 3093 3000 27 3000 3080 25 3100 3000
26.51 2945 3000 27 2957 3000 28 3000 2945 26 2959 3000
27 2881 2937 27.1 2945 3000 29 2876 2821 26.11 2944 3000
28 2758 2814 28 2832 2888 30 2760 2705 27 2829 2885
29 2644 2700 29 2715 2771 31 2651 2596 28 2708 2764
30 2537 2593 30 2606 2662 32 2550 2495 29 2595 2651
31 2438 2494 31 2504 2560 33 2454 2399 30 2490 2546
32 2344 2400 32 2409 2465 34 2365 2310 31 2392 2448
33 2256 2312 33 2319 2375 35 2281 2226 32 2300 2356
34 2173 2229 34 2234 2290 36 2201 2146
35 2095 2151 35 2154 2210 37 2126 2071
36 2022 2078 36 2079 2135 38 2055 2000
37 1952 2008 37 2008 2064
100
38 1886 1942 38 1940 1996
39 1823 1879 39 1876 1932
40 1764 1820 40 1816 1872
41 1707 1763 41 1758 1814
42 1654 1710 42 1703 1759
43 1602 1658 43 1650 1706
44 1553 1609 44 1600 1656
45 1506 1562
46 1461 1517
47 1418 1474
48 1377 1433
49 1338 1394
50 1300 1356
注：表中起重量是指独立式塔机吊钩以下起升载荷（包括吊重物、吊索及附加取物装置等的重量）
Note：Load weight inculding the wire rope weights below the hook(stationary).
附录四易损件明细表
Appendix 4 Damageable parts table
序号名称及规格 Name and specification 数量 Quantity 备注 Remark
1 回转机构电磁制动器 DZ8 1
Sl i h i i b k DZ8
2 起升制动器刹车蹄片 YWZ 3 315/45 1
3 联轴器梅花弹性体 MT8-Ⅱ-315 1
4 变幅机构制动器刹车片 1
5 力矩限制器微动开关 4
6 起重量限制器微动开关 4
7 多功能行程开关 DXZ1：274/1：78/1：60 3
8 钢丝绳 6×29Fi+IWR-13-1870 260m (40 米高塔)
9 钢丝绳 6×19－8－1670 99/58
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10 操纵杆胶头手柄 2
11 蜂鸣器 HF 1
12 交流电笛 HD 1
13 滑轮、托轮、导向轮、排绳轮、小车侧轮
102
附录五主要部件重量表
Appendix 5 Weight table of main parts
序号名称数量重量（kg）尺寸（长×宽×高）(mm)
No. Name Qty Weight Dimenision(length×width×height)
1 平衡臂 Counter jib 1 1770 12700×2350×1313
起升机构
2 1 1470 1695×1550×800
Hoisting mechanism
平衡臂拉杆
3 2 370 φ40×13944
Counter jib guy rod
4 塔顶 Tower head 1 1400 1200×1200×7400
电控系统
5 1 90 1140×300×1550
Electically system
变幅机构
6 1 325 1185×405×540
Travel mechanism
起重臂拉杆
7 1 1240 φ50×37328
jib guy rod
8 起重臂 Jib 1 4470 51250×1324×1193
9 变幅小车 Trolley 1 243 1846×1665×124
10 吊钩 Hook 1 200 1100×950×319
回转塔身
11 1 920 1333×1333×2060
Slewing tower
回转机构
12 1
Slewing mechanism
上支座
13 1
3300 2140×2140×2500
Upper abutment
14 下支座 Lower abutment 1
15 回转支承 HSW1435.40 1
16 爬升架 Climbing frame 1 2610 3450×3450×6365
-103-
17 司机室 Cabin 1 361 1700×1100×2134
18 标准节 Tower section 10 702×8 1600×1600×2500
加强节
19 4 817×4 1600×1600×2500
Lower tower section
基础节
20 1 991 1600×1600×2530
Base section
40 米高基本塔自重 32.6t （不包平衡重）not inclding counter-weight
附录六塔机高强度螺栓表
Appendix 6 High strength bolts
名称规格性能等级预紧扭矩

序号使用部位
Name and specification Grade Pretightening torque
地脚螺栓 M36×1350
8.8 级
基础 Anchor bolt
1 2351N.m
Foundation 螺母 M36 nut 8级
平垫圈 36 Flap gasket 300HV
标准节螺栓 M30×430 10.9 级
2 Tower 螺母 M30 10 级 1800N.m

section 平垫圈 30 300HV
回转塔身螺栓 M30×430 10.9 级
3 Slewing 螺母 M30 10 级 1800N.m

tower 平垫圈 30 300HV
回转支承螺栓 M24×190 10.9 级
4 Slewing 螺母 M24 10 级 900N.m

ring 平垫圈 24 300HV
下支座螺栓 M20×110 10.9 级

5 520N.m
Lower 螺母 M20 10 级
104
abutment 平垫圈 20 300HV
注：按 JG/T5057.40-1995 标准要求

Note：According to the JG/T5057.40-1995 standard requirment.
高强度螺栓必须定期检查预紧扭矩防松，在第一次安装后塔机使用 100 小时应普遍地均

匀地检查拧紧，以后每工作 500 小时均应检查一次，在检查中如发生螺母、螺栓松动或有螺
纹部分损伤，应立即拧紧或更换螺母或螺栓。
High strength bolts must check the pre-tightening torque to prevent loose period.
After tower crane erected first time 100 hours, check and tightened all the
connections. After tower crane operated for 500 hours，check whether bolt connections
become loose.If loosen or damage,it must be tightened to the required pre-tightening
torque or change it.
关于重复使用：高强度螺栓、螺母，使用后拆卸下再次使用，一般不得超过二次。且拆
下的螺栓、螺母必须无任何损伤、变形、滑牙、缺牙、锈蚀、螺纹粗糙度变化较大等现象。
否则应禁止再用于受力结构的连接。
About reusing：High strength bolts,nuts only can use twice. Bolts and nuts m
ust have no such phenomena as damage, deformation,rust-eaten,slip-teeth,lack te
eth,great changing for degree of crudeness of screw thread.Otherwise,using for
connection of bearing structure is forbidden.
3．标准节螺栓的拧紧方法:可借助塔机空载时平衡臂侧的后倾力来进行，即将吊钩收至
最高，小车开至臂架根部，臂架转至正向，借力拧紧平衡臂侧的所有标准节高强度螺栓双螺
母；再将臂架旋转 180°，同样拧紧平衡臂侧的所有标准节高强度螺栓双螺母，螺栓预紧力
矩按表中数据。
Method of tightening high strength bolts: operate under no-load condition, hook
moves upward to top，trolley moves backward to jib root,turn the jib to the direction
of intrducing tower section,tighten the high strength bolts toward counter-jib side.
rotate jib 180°,tighten the high strength bolts toward counter-jib. Pretightening
torque refer to appendix 6.
-105-
附录七平衡重块图
Appendix 7 Counterweight diagram
106
附录八塔机电缆明细表
Appendix 8 Cable table
名称规格数量长度(m) 编号走向备注
Name Spec. Qty. Length No. Connection Remark
YC 橡套电缆刀开关--驾配箱
3×25+2×10 1 PE、U、V、W、N
YC Cable Knife switch-Cabin
YC 橡套电缆驾配箱--控制柜
3×25+2×10 1 9 PE、U2、V2、W2、N
YC Cable Cabin-Control box
YC 橡套电缆
3×16 1 11 U5、V5、W5
YC Cable
控制柜--起升电机
YC 橡套电缆
3×16 1 11 U8、V6、W6 Control box-Hoisting
YC Cable
motor
YC 橡套电缆
3×16 1 11 U7、V7、W7
YC Cable
控制柜--起升刹车
橡套电缆
3×1 1 12 UT、VT、WT Control box-Hoisting
Cable
brake
橡套电缆
3×2.5 1 6.5 UH1、VH1、WH1 控制柜--回转电机
Cable
Control box-Slewing
橡套电缆
3×2.5 1 6.5 U23、V23、W23 motor
Cable
橡套电缆
3×2.5 1 3 U23、V23、W23
Cable
控制柜--回转电阻箱
橡套电缆
3×2.5 1 3 U22、V22、W22 Control box-Slewing
Cable
resistance box
橡套电缆
3×2.5 1 3 U21、V21、W21
Cable
控制柜--回转制动器
橡套电缆
2×1 1 7 a、c Control box-Slewing
Cable
braber
-107-
橡套电缆
3×2.5 1 12 UX1、VX1、WX1 电控柜--变幅电机
Cable
Control box-Travel
橡套电缆
3×2.5 1 12 UX2、VX2、WX2 motor
Cable
控制柜--变幅制动器
橡套电缆
2×1 1 12 a、b Control box-Travel
Cable
braber
驾配箱--顶升机构
橡套电缆 3×2.5 1 10 Cabin box-Climbing
mechanism
控制柜--力矩限制器
橡套电缆 8、163、88、24、
4×1 1 标配 Control box-Load
Cable 241、504、731
moment limiter
控制柜--重量限制器
橡套电缆
6×1 1 标配 8、161、162、89 Control box-Load
Cable
limiter
控制柜--高度限制器
橡套电缆
4×1 1 11 8、50、23、24 Control box-Height
Cable
limiter
控制柜--回转限制器
橡套电缆
4×1 1 7 3、56、62 Control box-Slewing
Cable
limiter
控制柜--变幅限制器
橡套电缆
6×1 1 12 3、73、76、81 Control box-Traveling
Cable
limiter
驾配箱--平衡臂警示灯
橡套电缆
2×1 1 21 142、N Cabin box-counter Jib
Cable
Caution light
橡套电缆驾配箱--吊臂警示灯
2×1 1 60 144、N
Cable Cabin box-Jib light
108
橡套电缆驾配箱--塔顶警示灯
2×1 1 15 144、N
Cable Cabin box-Tower head
BVR 导线驾配箱--驾驶室灯
1.5 1 3 驾驶室已配
BVRLead Cabin box-Cabin light
电制柜--左联动台
Control box-left
CFR 19×1 1 9 联动台配
linkage control
console
电制柜--右联动台
Control box-right
CFR 19×1 1 9 联动台配
linkage control
console
-109-
附录九电气原理图（一）
Appendix 9 Electrical schematic diagram(1)
110
附录十电气原理图（二）
Appendix 10 Electrical schematic syagram(2)
-111-
附录十一外部接线图
Appendix 11 External wiring schematic diagram
112
附录十二电气系统图
Appendix 12 Electrical system
-113-
附录十三元件布置图
Appendix 13 Electrical appliance table
114
产品保修说明
一、保修范围是指在一定期限内本公司承诺免费更换或免费维修那些由于材质或工艺问
题而导致的产品功能失效，性能严重下降等缺陷部件。人为损坏，意外损坏不在保修范围内。
保修条款自发货之日起执行。
Maintain term means our company promise to repalce and repair free timed.
Including products disable because of materal or technological problem.Not including
products disable because of man-made fault，accident damage. Maintain items get into
effect from deliver date.
1．以下零部件保修期为六个月：
Allotted time for “three sevices” six months：
●主体结构：各种高强度螺栓、回转支承；
Main structure：high-tensile bolt、slewing ring；
●起升机构：主电机、减速机、液力推杆制动器（主体）、联轴器、传动部件；
Hoisting mechanism: main motor, reducer, braker （ main body ） , clutch, driving
mechanism；
●回转机构：主电机、减速机、液力偶合器、传动部件；
Slewing mechanism：main motor、reducer、fluid coupler , drive parts；
●变幅机构：主电机、减速机、联轴节、传动部件；
Trolley mechanism：main motor、reducer、coupler、drive parts；
●顶升机构：油缸、主电机、油泵、各种液压阀、液压表；
Climbing mechanism：cylinder, main motor, oil pump, hydrauilc valve 、hydrauilc
meter；
2．以下零部件保修三个月
Allotted time for “three sevices” three months：
●各行程限位器、回转限位器、起重量限制器、力矩限制器、各种机构刹车摩擦片、电缆线、
钢丝绳，各式滑轮、导向轮、托轮、侧轮、排绳轮、各式铜套、吊钩保险装置。
Route limiter、slewing limiter, hoisting load limiter, load moment limiter,
mechanism’s brake,armature,cable,wire rope,pulley,guiding pulley,supporting
pulley, side wheel guiding rope wheel, copper shaft cover,Hook Insurance device.
3．易破碎件（各类按钮、开关、插头、插座、空气延时头、指示灯、障碍灯、熔断器、
-115-
保险丝、液压密封件、滤芯等）不在保修范围。
Frangibility not inculding,for exmaple button, switch, plug, socket ,contact
terminal, indicator light,fuse,hydraulic sealing element, etc.
4．易耗品（液压油、润滑油脂、机油等）不在保修范围。
Attrition not including,for exmaple oil,grease, motor oil,etc..
5．整机外观及各部件油漆退色、损伤、剥落不在保修范围。
Not including total machine outward appearance and parts paint
fade,deface,corrode.
二、以上保修条款应满足以下条件方可生效。否则视为自动放弃保修服务。
Above items take effect depend on fulfil conditions as follows,Otherwise
cognizance abandon the rights volunteer。
1．操作人员必须认真阅读随机《使用说明书》并经正规培训，取得操作证书，具备正
确操作、使用、维护、保养本设备的能力。
Operator must read 《Operating instruction》carefully, and training,
qualification，have ability of operating,repairing and maintenancing the tower
crane in right way.
2．按《使用说明书》要求正确操作、维护、保养本设备。
According to requirements of 《Operating instruction》, operating,repairing and
maintenancein the tower crane in right way.
3．在正规的油料公司或指定品牌专卖店购买所用各种油料润滑油、润滑脂等并正确加
注。
Use the accepted engine oil and grease, and filling-up accurately.
4．要求每天如实填写产品运行记录并存档。
Everyday according to the facts fill in the product’s working condition and
keep in the archives.
5．使用生产厂家提供的原装零配件。
Use the accepted parts.
6．发现故障，应及时采取措施，防止进一步的损坏产生。
Occur fault ，shoule adopt countermeasure promptitude，prevent further demange.
7．按购销合同约定的付款条件如期付款。
Pay as scheduled.
116

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QTZ80（6013）塔式起重机使用说明书 C.

工作幅度（m）Working Radius 2.5～60

1.2.主要工作机构技术指标（见表 2）Technical parameters of operating mechanisms

制动器 型号 Model YWZ3-315/45

Brake 制动力矩 Braking moment

倍率 Fall a=2 a=4

Slewing 制动器 内置常开式电磁停止器

mechanism Brake Built-in normal open Magnetic brake

减速器 Reducing unit i=195

回转支承 Slewing ring HSW.40.1435Fi

Brake Magnetic brake

电动机 型号 Model Y132M-4

Figure 1. Overall dimensions（stationary）

Mast section：It is a welding integer frame by anglespilt joint 135mm×135mm,

As for different specifications, the jib can be extended respectively to 54m，

2.1.1 工作机构 Operating mechanism

（1） 起升机构 （见图 2）Hoisting mechanism(Figure 2)

Figure 2 hoisting mechanism

圆柱齿轮减速器 gearbox 5．十字滑块联轴器 cross slide coupling 6．卷筒 drum

7．高度限位器 Height limiter

起升机构由一台三速电动机驱动，电动机型号 YZTD225L 2 ，24/24/5.4kW，通过弹性联轴

（2） 回转机构 （见图 3）Slewing mechanism(Figure 3)

Figure 3 slewing mechanism and slewing ring

1．电动机 motor 2．液力偶合器 couder 3. 内置式（常开）电磁止动器 broker 4．行星减速器 Gearbox 5．主动

回转机构由两台功率为 3.7kW 的 YZR132M 2 -6 型电动机驱动，布置在回转支承两侧。动

Figure 4.trolley travel winding system

（4） 顶升机构 （见图 5 、6）Hydraulic climbing system （Figure 5 ,Figure 6）

Figure 5 hydraulic climbing system

1．油缸 Climbing cylinder 2．双向液控锁（或平衡阀）Bidirectional hydraulic control lock （equilibrium valve）

Figure 6 hydraulic climbing system

9. 油管 hose 10. 注油口 pouring orifice 11. 顶升横梁 climbing cross-member

trolley 7.钢丝绳绳夹 8. 起重臂端部钢丝绳末端固定装置 9.活动滑轮 hook movable pulley

Figure 7 Hoisting rope layout

② 小车变幅钢丝绳系统（见图 4）Trolley travel winding system(Figure 4)

（6～7）d （6～7）d （6～7）d

Figure 8 Erection and assembling sequence

reinforcing bar and load reinforcing bar，concrete foundationmanufacture follows

3.3. 立塔 Erection tower crane

3.3.2.2 安装下塔身加强节 （见图 11）

3.3.2.4 安装上、下支座及回转支承 （见图 13）

3.3.2.7 Assembling counter-jib

图 16A 平衡臂拉杆预组装图 图 16B 平衡臂拉杆组装图（示意）

开口销 splitpin 8×70 低碳钢 18

(5) 吊装平衡臂（见图 17A、B、C）

图 17A 平衡臂安装图 1 图 17B 平衡臂安装图 2 图 17C 平衡臂安装图 3

Table 4-2 Jib guy rod group and shaft table

下弦销轴 φ45×115 φ45×115 φ45×115 φ40×110 φ40×110 φ40×110

Install the trolley,wind the trolley travel wire rope of trolley.

图 18B 44 米臂长时起重臂拉杆组装图 注:44 米起重臂配平衡重 5 块，总重为:10.1 吨

图 18D 32 米臂长时起重臂拉杆组装图 注:32 米起重臂配平衡重 3 块，总重为:6.06 吨

(4) 吊装起重臂 （见图 19A、B、C） Installing jib

Slow down the jib to horizontal position，check the connection carefully.（See

3.3.2.9 Installing the remain counter-weight （See Figure 20）

Figure 21 Winding hoisting rope

（This step also can finish on installing the slewing tower）

Vairous electrical appliance protective devices,hydraulic system,structure

4.2 Arrangement of attaching devices

on the attachment devices,effective hoisting altitude of the QTZ5013 tower crane

Figure 22 Attached frame

Figure 23 Vertical distance between every two sets of attaching devices

of cylinder fully shrinks back.

Figure 24A The beginning of climbng（sling mast section）

5.3.8 当塔机使用高度超过起升高度 40 米以后，应按图 25、26 及表 6 的要求将塔身与

Mast section Check the connecting bolts must be fastned

制动器型号 Model YWZ3-315/45

Slewing 制动器内置常开式电磁停止器

电动机型号 Model Y132M-4

（1）起升机构（见图 2）Hoisting mechanism(Figure 2)

（2）回转机构（见图 3）Slewing mechanism(Figure 3)

（4）顶升机构（见图 5 、6）Hydraulic climbing system （Figure 5 ,Figure 6）

3.3.2.2 安装下塔身加强节（见图 11）

3.3.2.4 安装上、下支座及回转支承（见图 13）

图 16A 平衡臂拉杆预组装图图 16B 平衡臂拉杆组装图（示意）

图 18B 44 米臂长时起重臂拉杆组装图注:44 米起重臂配平衡重 5 块，总重为:10.1 吨

图 18D 32 米臂长时起重臂拉杆组装图注:32 米起重臂配平衡重 3 块，总重为:6.06 吨

(4) 吊装起重臂（见图 19A、B、C） Installing jib

制动时间过短,闸瓦两侧间隙不均衡加大制动瓦闸间隙或增大液压推杆行

制动器运转过程中发热冒制动闸瓦间隙过小加大制动瓦闸间隙

减速器漏油圈磨损严重 Replace sealing rings

回转机构启动困难主要看有否异物卡在齿轮处清除异物

8 Climbing speed is too c.手动换向阀阀杆与阀孔磨损严重；更换油缸密封件

顶升升压时出现噪声振动滤油器堵塞清洗滤油器

顶升系统不工作电机接线错误使油泵转向不对改变电机旋向

friction between stator-rotor；更换齿轮箱；