Altınbaş University

Engineering &Natural Science Faculty,

Civil Engineering Department, Reinforced Concrete –II -2020

REINFORCED CONCRETE II: FLAT SLAB SYSTEMS

1 2 3 4 5
D
• Interior Columns: 400 mm x 400 mm

1
• Edge Columns: 300 mm x 300 mm

4.0m
D1 D2 D3 D4

2
• Materials: C30-S420 (BS30/BÇ III)
• Finishing+Mortar: 1.50 kN/m2

2
C
• Live Load: q=7.00 kN/m2

4.0m
2
D5 D6 D7 D8
Determine the reinforcement in the flat
slab system in the middle storey level.

2
B

4.0m
D9 D10 D11 D12

2
L1

1
A
Y 1 2 1 1 3 1 1 3 1 1 2 1
X L2
1 2 2 3 2 3 2 2 1

4.0m 5.0m 5.0m 4.0m

SOLUTION:

1. DETERMINATION OF COLUMN AND MIDDLE STRIPS:

Length of column strip is taken 2m which is the smaller value of L1/4 and L2/4.
L1:span length at the calculation direction L2 :span length perpendicular to the calculation direction.

2. MATERIAL STRENGTHS
C30 fcd=fck/1.5=20 N/mm2 ; fctd=fctk/1.5=1.25 N/mm2
S420 fyd=fyk/1.15=365 N/mm2

3. DETERMINATION OF THE SLAB THICKNESS

If design is carried out by approximate methods, the slab thickness is determined by the expressions given below.
h  LL/30 ve h  200 mm
LL is the span length of the slab between the supporting points in the longer direction. The thickness of a flat slab
without beams should be chosen carefully so that punching shear reinforcement is not required.
L L=5.0m
LL is taken as 5 m, as the longest lenght.
LL/30 =5000/30=167 mm

Slab thickness is chosen as : h = 200 mm

4. LOAD ANALYSIS:
Self-weight of the RC Slab 0.20 x 25 = 5.0 kN/m2
Finishing+Mortar = 1.5 kN/m2
+
Total Dead Load (g) = 6.5 kN/m2
Design Load pd=1.4 g + 1.6 q =1.4 6.50 + 1.6 7.0 =20.3 kN/m2

5.PUNCHING SHEAR CONTROL

Critical Perimeter
Determination of critical section in the interior columns;

400 Column Dimentions: 400 mm x 400 mm

d1= 200 -20 =180 mm
d2= 180 -10 = 170 mm
4000mm
b y =575

dort= (180 +170)/2 = 175 mm

400

Edge lengths of the critical perimeter

b x =575 bx=by=400 + 2 x 175 / 2 = 575 mm

5000mm
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 Altınbaş University
Engineering &Natural Science Faculty,
Civil Engineering Department, Reinforced Concrete –II -2020

The design value of the punching shear force Vpd=(4.0 x 5.0 - 0.575 x 0.575) x 20.3 =399 kN
emin =15 mm+0.03h = 15 + 0.03 x 400 = 27 mm
As e  27 mm ex=ey=27 mm
1 1
= = = 0.88
 e + ey   27 + 27 
1 + 1.5 x  1 + 1.5 575  575 

 bx  by   

The Punching Shear Strength of the slab section (dort=175 mm)

Vpr= fctd up d=0.88 x 1.25 x 10-3 x (4 x 575) x 175 = 443 kN > Vpd = 399 kN 

6. STATİC ANALYSIS:

Moment Coefficient Method (approximate method) can be employed in flat slabs where these conditions are met: This
approximate method is only applicable for vertical load analysis.
a. There are at least 3 continuous spans in each direction;
b. The sides’ ratio in a panel is less or equal to 2.0 (Llong/Lshort<2.0 : 5.0 /4.0 =1.25 < 2.0) 
c. Adjacent span lengths in any direction do not differ by more than one third of the longer span (Llong/3);
(5.0-4.0)/5.0 =0.2 <0.33 
d. The offset (eccentricity) of a column from the centerline of the axis of the frame is not more than 10% of the span
length in the direction of the frame;
e. The ratio of live load to the dead load does not exceed 2.0 (q/g<2) (1.6 q / 1.4 g = 0.879 < 2) 

ANALYSIS IN X DIRECTION

Interior Span:
1 1
M = p  L  L2 = 20.3  4.0  4.602 = 214.8 kNm
0 d 2 n
8 8
Ln: clear span length in the direction under consideration and is the face to face distance between columns. L2 :
span length in the perpendicular direction and is the axis to axis distance between columns.

Interior span M0 is distributed to the span and supports according to the principles given below:

Span Moment = 0.35 M0 =75.2 kNm

• Column Strip Mka = 0.60  75.2 = 45.1 kNm
• Middle Strip Mao = 0.40  75.2 = 30.1 kNm
Support Moment = 0.65 M0 =139.6 kNm
• Column Strip k
Mm = 0.75  139.6 = 104.7 kNm

• Middle Strip Mm
o = 0.25 139.6 = 34.9 kNm

End Span:
1 1
M = p  L  L2 = 20.3  4.0  3.652 = 135.2 kNm
0 d 2 n
8 8
End span M0 is distributed to the span and supports according to the principles given below:

Span Moment = 0.50 M0 = 67.6 kNm

• Column Strip Mka = 0.60  67.6 = 40.6 kNm
• Middle Strip Mao = 0.40  67.6 = 27.1 kNm
Interior Support Moment = 0.70 M0 = 94.7 kNm
• Column Strip Mm
k = 0.75  94.7 = 71.0 kNm

• Middle Strip o
Mm = 0.25  94.7 = 23.7 kNm
Exterior Support Moment = 0.30 M0 = 40.6 kNm
• Column Strip Mm
k = 1.00  40.6 = 40.6 kNm

• Middle Strip o
Mm =0

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 Altınbaş University
Engineering &Natural Science Faculty,
Civil Engineering Department, Reinforced Concrete –II -2020

ANALYSIS IN Y DIRECTION

Interior Span:
1 1
M = p  L  L2 = 20.3  5.0  3.602 = 164.4 kNm
0 d 2 n
8 8

Span Moment = 0.35  M0 = 0.35 164.4 = 57.6 kNm

• Column Strip Mka = 0.60  57.6 = 34.5 kNm
• Middle Strip Moa = 0.40  57.6 = 23.0 kNm

Support Moment = 0.65  M0 = 0.65 164.5 = 106.9 kNm

• Column Strip Mm
k = 0.75 106.9 = 80.2 kNm

• Middle Strip Mm
o = 0.25 106.9 = 26.7 kNm

End Span:
1 1
M = p  L  L2 = 20.3  5.0  3.652 = 169.0 kNm
0 d 2 n
8 8
End span M0 is distributed to the span and supports according to the principles given below:

Span Moment = 0.50 M0 = 84.5 kNm

• Column Strip Mka = 0.60  84.5 = 50.7 kNm
• Middle Strip Mao = 0.40  84.5 = 33.8 kNm
Interior Support Moment = 0.70 M0 = 118.3 kNm
• Column Strip Mm
k
= 0.75 118.3 = 88.7 kNm

• Middle Strip Mm
o = 0.25 118.3 = 29.6 kNm

Exterior Support Moment = 0.30 M0 = 50.7 kNm

• Column Strip Mkm = 1.00  50.7 = 50.7 kNm
Mom = 0
• Middle Strip
104.7 104.7
7. MOMENT DIAGRAMS: [kNm] 71.0

a) x direction 40.6
Column Strip

40.6
45.1

4.0m 5.0m
1 2 3
34.9 34.9
23.7

Middle Strip
27.1
30.1

88.7 88.7
50.7
b) y direction 80.2 80.2

Column Strip
34.5
50.7

4.0m 4.0m
A B C

29.6 29.6
26.7 26.7

Middle Strip 23.0

33.8

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 Altınbaş University
Engineering &Natural Science Faculty,
Civil Engineering Department, Reinforced Concrete –II -2020

8. REINFORCEMENT DESIGN:

Material C30/S420
a) Design in x direction

Minimum reinforcement
min(Asx + Asy ) = dort  b  min = 175 1000  0.0035 = 613 mm2 /m (As,min/2=306.5 mm2/m)
Reinforcement spacing: t  1.5 h=300 mm ; 250 mm 

Cross-section M b d K ks As Reinforcement Existing Additional

[kNm] [m] [m] [x10-5] [mm2/kN] [mm2/m]
D1-D5 40.6 2 0.18 160 2.83 319 Φ8/150
Column Strip [335 mm2/m]
D2-D6 45.1 2 0.18 144 2.84 356 Φ8/140
Column Strip [359 mm2/m]
Span

D5 27.1 2 0.18 239 2.81 212 Φ8/160

Middle Strip [314 mm2/m]
D6 30.1 2 0.18 215 2.82 236 Φ8/160
Middle Strip [314 mm2/m]
D1-D5 40.6 2 0.18 160 2.83 320 Φ8/300 Φ8/250
Column Strip [168 mm2/m] [201 mm2/m]
Support

D1-D5/D2-D6 104.7 2 0.18 62 2.91 847 Φ8/300+Φ8/280 Φ10/150

Column Strip [347 mm2/m] [524 mm2/m]
D5/D6 34.9 2 0.18 186 2.82 274 Φ8/320+Φ8/320
Middle Strip [314 mm2/m]

b) Design in y direction

Cross-section M b d K ks As Reinforcement Existing Additional

[kNm] [m] [m] [x10-5] [mm2/kN] [mm2/m]
D1-D2 50.7 2 0.18 128 2.85 401 Φ10/190
Column Strip [413 mm2/m]
Span

D5-D6 34.5 2 0.18 188 2.82 270 Φ8/180

Column Strip [279 mm2/m]
D2 33.8 3 0.18 288 2.80 175 Φ8/160
Middle Strip [314 mm2/m]
D6 23.0 3 0.17 377 2.79 126 Φ8/160
Middle Strip [314 mm2/m]
D1-D2 50.7 2 0.18 128 2.85 401 Φ10/380 Φ10/380
Column Strip [207 mm2/m] [207 mm2/m]
Support

D1-D2/D5-D6 88.7 2 0.17 65 2.90 757 Φ10/380+ Φ8/360 Φ10/190

Column Strip [346 mm2/m] [411 mm2/m]
D2-D6 29.6 3 0.18 328 2.80 154 Φ8/320+ Φ8/320
Middle Strip [314 mm2/m]

Minimum reinforcement check

D2 Slab Asx+Asy=314+314=628 mm2 (Total reinforcement in middle strip at x ve y directions)
D6 Slab Asx+Asy=314+314=628 mm2 (Total reinforcement in middle strip at x ve y directions)

Reinforcements in the middle strips of D2 and D6 slabs are adequate when compared to the minimum reinforcement
amount.

9. PUNCHING SHEAR SAFETY CONTROL

Punching shear safety should be checked again as the %40 of the column moments are transferred to the slab as
torsion which increases the stresses in the critical section. Therefore punching shear safety should be checked with the
moments calculated from the structural analysis.

The design value of the punching shear force Vpd=399 kN

13.5
x direction M = 0.4  (104.7 − 71.0) = 13.5 kNm ex = = 0.034  e
x min = 0.027 m
399

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 Altınbaş University
Engineering &Natural Science Faculty,
Civil Engineering Department, Reinforced Concrete –II -2020

3.4
y direction M = 0.4  (88.7 − 80.2) = 3.4 kNm ex = = 0.008  e
y min = 0.027 m
399
1 1
= = = 0.86
 e + ey   34 + 27 
1 + 1.5 x  1 + 1.5 575  575 
 
 bx  by 
As it is clear that, the  coefficient is not changing so much therefore the first punching shear control would be enough if
the loads are not very large.
The Punching Shear Strength of the slab section (critical perimeter) (dort=175 mm)
Vpr= fctd up d=0.86 x 1.25 x 10-3 x (4 x 575) x 175 = 434 kN > Vpd = 399 kN ( )

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 Altınbaş University
Engineering &Natural Science Faculty,
Civil Engineering Department, Reinforced Concrete –II -2020

10. STRUCTURAL LAYOUT SCHEME

COLUMN STRIP:

1 2 3

1.15
10/380

10/380

10/380

2.00

4.00
D1 D2
10/190

8/250 10/150

2.00
C 8/300 8/280
8/300 8/280

2.00

4.00
8/360

8/360

D5 D6

2.00
B

MIDDLE STRIP:

1 2 3

D
1.15

D1 D2
8/320

8/320

2.00

4.00
2.00

C
8/320
8/320

8/320
2.00

4.00

8/320
8/320
8/320

D5 D6
2.00

A A

1.15 2.00 2.00 3.00 5.00

4.00 5.00

A-A kesiti

0.20

0.30 3.45 0.40 4.60 0.40

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