Roller coaster: 3

Newton`s laws
Project:

Villasturias Academy

Science Fair
2023

Teacher:
Ms. Jane Zavala

Group:
Ashley Pineda
Diego Padilla
Scarleth Leiva
Gerson Arce
Adrián Coello

Grade:
4th “B”

Date:
April 29, 2023
Roller coaster: 3 Newton`s laws
Index
Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 3
Objective ............................................................................................................................................ 4
Background Research ....................................................................................................................... 5
Materials ............................................................................................................................................ 7
Procedure ........................................................................................................................................... 8
Data & Analysis ................................................................................................................................. 8
Results .............................................................................................................................................. 10
.............................................................................................................. ¡Error! Marcador no definido.
Conclusions ...................................................................................................................................... 12
Annexes ............................................................................................................................................ 13
Bibliography .................................................................................................................................... 14

Roller coaster: 3 Newton`s laws

 Introduction

The roller coaster, a thrilling, modern invention that is a great example of

Newton’s Laws of Motion. Roller coasters, with their twists, turns, and loops
seem to defy everything we know about how people and objects move. Roller
coaster designers, however, simply use Newton’s laws to push people past their
usual limits for an exciting ride.

Some early roller coasters, like Coney Island’s Flip Flap, even caused whiplash
and broken necks due to abrupt high gforces (force of gravity). Today roller
coasters thrill us, because of their ability to accelerate us downwards one
moment and upwards the next, then left, then right and then left again, and all
while keeping us safe due to the hard work of engineers that employ and
understand the mathematics behind Newton’s Laws of Motion.

Roller coaster: 3 Newton`s laws

 Objective

Describe the importance of artificial intelligence its potential to change how we

live, work and play.

Create a hologram with material that we find in our home to enjoy artificial
intelligence.

Roller coaster: 3 Newton`s laws

 Background Research

Newton’s law

Newton's laws are three principles that serve to describe the movement of
bodies, based on a system of inertial references (real forces with constant
speed).

Newton's three laws are:

First law or law of inertia.

The law of inertia or first

law postulates that a body
will remain at rest or in
straight motion with a
constant speed, unless an
external force is applied.

Second law or fundamental law of dynamics.

The fundamental law of

dynamics, Newton's
second law or
fundamental law
postulates that the net
force that is applied to a
body is proportional to
the acceleration it
acquires in its trajectory.
Roller coaster: 3 Newton`s laws
Third law or principle of action and reaction.

Newton's third law postulate says that every action generates an equal reaction,
but in the opposite direction.

Kinetic Energy
The energy of an object that it possesses because of its motion.

Equation: KE = 0.5 • m • v2
m = mass of object
v = velocity

Potential Energy
The energy stored in an object as the result of its vertical position or height.

Equation: PEgrav = m *• g • h
m = mass of object
g = gravity (-9.8)
h = height

Law of Conservation of Energy

Energy can change from one form to another but cannot be created or
destroyed.

Roller coaster: 3 Newton`s laws

 Materials

✓ 2 green cardboard
✓ 2 black cards
✓ large palettes
✓ 2 sheets of cardboard
✓ Silicone
✓ 1 glue gun
✓ 2 small balls
✓ Rubber

Roller
coaster: 3
Newton`s
laws

Roller coaster: 3 Newton`s laws

 Procedure

1. Trace the pattern of the roller coaster.

2. Trace the pattern of the tracks of the roller coaster.
3. Paste the bases of the roller coaster on the cardboard.
4. Paste the parts of the roller coaster.
5. Identify the start and end of the roller coaster.
6. Paste the paddles to the base.
7. Attach ball 1 to the base of the paddles.
8. Place ball 2 on the roller coaster.

Roller coaster: 3 Newton`s laws

 Data & Analysis

Analyzing how roller coaster work using Newtons Laws

Newton's First Law

Newton's First law states the Law of Inertia. The Law of Inertia says that an
object at rest must stay at rest unless an applied force is acted upon it. Roller
coasters run by this law, they must be pulled by a motor to get started. Usually
they are pulled up a large hill called the lift hill. As the cart is pulled up the hill
potential energy is stored. At the top, the cart has the largest amount of potential
energy possible. Through the process of converting potential energy to kinetic
energy and vice versa, the ride is powered enough to run the rest of the ride. At
ride will continue until another opposite force is applied to the ride, the breaks.

Newton's Second Law

Newton’s second law is the Law of Force and Acceleration. This law states
that the acceleration of a system object is proportional to the net force. Other
factors also contribute such as mass and outside forces. In a roller coaster,
Newton's second law is a key component. When the cart begins to fall over the
first large hill gravity provides the acceleration needed to go through the rest of
the ride. This force is felt by the riders throughout the whole ride. Throughout
the ride acceleration changes in correlation to the amount of forces, changes in
acceleration can be caused by friction. The acceleration and essentially the thrill
of a roller coaster can be attributed to Newton's Second Law.

Newton's Third Law

Newton’s third Law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite
reaction. This means that as you push down on the seat, the seat pushes back
Roller coaster: 3 Newton`s laws
at you. This is also represents the force your body feels throughout the roller
coaster or "g-force". The forces that you push down on the seat is pushed back
up onto you which you feel as g-force.

Roller coaster: 3 Newton`s laws

 Results

In the absence of forces, a body at rest will remain at rest, and a body moving
at a constant speed in a straight line will continue to do so indefinitely.

When a force is applied to an object it accelerates, the acceleration is in the

direction of the force and proportional to its intensity and is inversely
proportional to the mass that moves. "The law of reaction" sometimes stated as
"for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction." In more explicit terms:
"Forces are always produced in pairs, with opposite directions and equal
magnitudes.If body #1 acts with a force F on body #2, then body #2 acts on
body #1 with a force of equal intensity and opposite direction."

Roller coaster: 3 Newton`s laws

 Conclusions

We conclude that Newton's laws are three principles that respond to classical
mechanics problems, especially those of bodies that are in motion. The first law
is the law of inertia, the second is the fundamental law of dynamics and the third
corresponds to the law of action and reaction.

We conclude that Newton's three laws of motion are a very important tool in
classical physics since they allow us to understand the behavior of bodies when
they are at rest, in constant motion or under one or more forces which produce
acceleration in them.

Roller coaster: 3 Newton`s laws

Annexes

Roller coaster: 3 Newton`s laws

 Bibliography

Drawing of Roller Coaster. Digital image. Chegg. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2014.

Henderson, T. (2014). Energy Transformation on a Roller Coaster. Retrieved

November 21, 2014

How to make a Roller Coaster Work. (n.d.). Retrieved November 21, 2014.

Lawson, Corrina. The Bizarro Roller Coaster at Six Flags New England Photo: Six
Flags. Digital image. Wired. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2014.

Newton’s Laws and Roller Coasters. (n.d.). Retrieved November 21, 2014

Physics Concepts in Action. (n.d.). Retrieved November 21, 2014.

Physics: Kinetic and potential energy in a roller coaster. (2010, March 12). Retrieved
November 21, 2014.

Roller Coaster – Conservation of Energy. (n.d.). Retrieved November 21, 2014.

Roller coaster: 3 Newton`s laws