Cambridge International A Level Physics Answers to end-of-chapter questions

Answers to EOC questions

Chapter 29 5 a Period = 8 × 5 = 40 ms = 0.040 s [1]
Frequency = T1 = 25 Hz [1]
1 a V = V0 sin ωt, where ω = 2πf [1] b V0 = 3 × 0.5 = 1.5 V [1]
1.5
b I = I0 sin ωt [1] Vrms = 2 = 1.06 ≈ 1.1 V [1]
2 2
c P = I0V0 sin2 ωt = (I0)2R sin2 ωt = (V0) sin ωt
[1] c Irms = VRrms = 1.06 –3
R 200 = 5.3 × 10 A [1]
–3
2 a 2A [1] d <P> = IrmsVrms = 1.06 × 5.3 × 10 [1]
= 5.6 × 10–3 W [1]
b 2πf = 50π [1]
so f = 25 Hz [1] 6 a I0 = 2 × Irms [1]
c I /A b i The current using the a.c. supply is not
2 steady and is mostly below 2.0 A. [1]
Irms (1.4 A)
1 The heating efect is greater using the d.c.
0
supply. 2 [1]
t/s Pdc (Idc)
–1
0.04 0.08 ii P = 2 [1]
ac (Irms)
–2 Pdc
Pac
=2 [1]
[2]
I c Transformers only work with alternating
d Irms = 20 = 1.41 ≈ 1.4 A [1]
current. The use of transformers allows the
e 0.005 and 0.015 s in the first cycle, and mains voltage to be altered without much
0.045 and 0.055 s in the second cycle [2] power loss to suit various devices that do not
Irms marked on graph [1] need such large voltages. [1]
3 a N = 1200 × 6.0
240 = 30 [1] 7 a Correct dotted line showing a.c. [1]
2 2
b i P = (Vrms) 6.0
R = 6 = 6.0 W [1] Peak voltage V0 = 2 × 6.0 = 8.49 ≈ 8.5 V marked
as peak on graph. [1]
ii Assuming the transformer is 100% 1 = 0.02 s marked on
Time for one cycle 50
eficient, for primary coil IrmsVrms = 6.0 W [1] graph. [1]
6.0 = 0.025 A
Irms = 240 [1] Correct half-wave rectified shape shown. [1]
p.d. / V
I0 = Irms × 2 = 0.025 2 = 0.0353 ≈ 0.035 A [1]
8.5
4 a i Magnetic flux is in phase with the current.
[1] 0
Time / s
ii The induced e.m.f. and current are out of 0.02 0.04

phase by 90°. [1] –8.5

B A
b i 34 × 0.02 = 0.015 s [1]
ii Imean = Vmean
I 5.7
R = 400 [1]
I
= 0.014 25 ≈ 1.4 × 10–2 A [1]
t
iii Q = Imeant = 0.014 25 × 0.015 [1]
= 2.14 × 10–4 ≈ 2.1 × 10–4 C [1]
iv p.d. across capacitor falls
from 8.49 to 4.24 V
b The two graphs difer in phase by 90° since –4

the induced e.m.f. is the rate of change of C = V –QV = 8.49 2.14 × 10

– 4.24 [1]
final initial
magnetic flux linkage. [1] –5
= 5.04 × 10 ≈ 5.0 × 10 F –4
[1]

Cambridge International AS and A Level Physics © Cambridge University Press 2014

 Cambridge International A Level Physics Answers to end-of-chapter questions

c Diode has very large / infinite resistance [1] Correct discharging portion of p.d. across
when the p.d. across the diode is negative R, approximately exponential [1]
(i.e. it is reverse biased) or when top contact
p.d. / V
of supply is at a smaller potential than top p.d. across R
plate of the capacitor. [1] 12 V

8 a Full-wave rectification occurs. [1]

Four diodes are used. [1] Time
Circuit showing correct bridge rectifier with
four diodes, input and output (Figure 29.15 in output p.d. of secondary
the coursebook). [1] c Smoothing capacitor now has twice the
Circuit with all diodes connected in correct capacitance. [1]
direction. [1] Capacitor holds more charge and can supply
Correct explanation describing the two the current / charge with less p.d. drop. [1]
diodes that conduct when the supply voltage Less ‘ripple’, i.e. the p.d. falls less during the
has positive potential at top and negative discharge from the capacitor. [1]
potential at bottom. [1]
Correct explanation describing the other two 10 a i The steady direct voltage that delivers the
diodes that conduct when the supply voltage same energy / power [1]
has negative potential at top and positive to a resistance / resistive load as the
potential at bottom. [1] alternating voltage. [1]
b Capacitor charges up to 1.0 V [1] ii V0 = 2 × Vrms = 2 × 400 000 [1]
When the p.d. across capacitor exceeds the 5
= 566 000 ≈ 5.7 × 10 V [1]
supply p.d., the diode stops conducting. [1]
or the p.d. between two conductors is
Capacitor provides current in resistor and
twice this value
discharges (exponentially). [1] 6

c i t = 0.013 to 0.015 s or 0.002 s [1] b i Irms = VP = 500 × 103 [1]

rms 400 × 10
ii Vmean = 0.90 to 0.92 V [1] = 1250 ≈ 1.2 × 103 or 1.3 × 103 A [1]
2 2 2 2
iii <P> = (Vmean ) 0.91
R = 1000 [1] ii P = (Irms) R = 1250 × 4.0 [1]
6 6 6
= 8.28 × 10–4 ≈ 8.3 × 10–4 W [1] P = 6.25 × 10 ≈ 6.2 × 10 or 6.3 × 10 W [1]
iii When the voltage is stepped up, the
9 a Peak value of mains supply = 230 2 = 325 V current is reduced (for the same input
12 power). [1]
or r.m.s value of output = 2 = 8.49 V [1]
Vs 12 Smaller currents produced less energy /
Ns = Np × V = 2000 × 325 [1] power loss in the line’s resistance. [1]
p
Ns = 73.8 ≈ 74 [1] c A changing current in the primary coil causes
b i Sine wave with correct peak value 12 V, at a changing magnetic flux in the iron core. [1]
least 1.5 waves drawn [1] This changing magnetic flux passes to the
ii Correct charging portion of p.d. across R [1] secondary coil where there are fewer turns
and a smaller e.m.f. is induced. [1]

Cambridge International AS and A Level Physics © Cambridge University Press 2014