ILS/DVOR/DME - TRAINING

FACTORY TRAINING

OPERATOR AND LRU MAINTENANCE

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 AGENDA – Week #3

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thurs Friday

Introduction Hands on ADRACS Interconnect Functional Antenna System

Diagrams diagrams Theory :
DVOR Basic Theory Monitor Group Lectures on
Lab #13:Hands on Functional diagrams Setting and
Introduction to the ADRACS Theory : Transmitter Functional Tuning
432 System Group diagrams Theory : Techniques
Control Group Installation
Sequence
Week #3 System Layout
Lab #14: Lab #14: Maintenance
Controls and Status Conventional Requirements
Conventional
Maintenance Maintenance
System BD Flight Inspection
Support
Lab #12: System
Layout and Signal Lab #15:
Flow Adjustments
during FC

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 VHF OMNI-DIRECTIONAL RANGE

The VOR is a non-precision navigational aids

aimed to provided bearing guidance.

- A VOR station is always oriented relative to

magnetic north, with local corrections
included.

- To determine the bearing of an aircraft

manually, the pilot tunes to the station
channel (or frequency) and then turns the
OBS until it nulls. The reading on the OBS will
then be the bearing to or from the station.

- Deviation from the bearing are indicated by fly

right or fly left.
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 HISTORY

Developed in the US beginning of

1937 and deployed by 1946, VOR is
one of the standard air navigational
system in the world, used by both
commercial and general aviation.

There are over 3000 VOR stations

around the world.

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 THE CONCEPT

The RF signal radiated by the (D)VOR is

modulated by two 30Hz sine waves. Both sine
waves have a phase relationship, which is
dependent on the direction from which the
signal is received.

The phase relationship is identical to the

geographical angle between North and the
direction of the aircraft relative to the ground
station.

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 ENROUTE NAVIGATION WITH (D)VOR

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 VOR SETTINGS ON-BOARD

CDI: COURSE DEVIATION INDICATOR

OBS: OMNI BEARING SELECTOR
RMI: RADIO MAGNETIC INDICATOR

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 AERONAUTICAL CHARTS EXAMPLE

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 APPROACH PLATE EXAMPLE

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 FACILITY CLASS AND SERVICE VOLUME

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 THE CONVENTIONAL VOR WAY

The REFERENCE signal is obtained by amplitude modulating the

carrier frequency f0 with 9960Hz sine wave which is frequency
modulated by a 30Hz audio tone that is referred to as the FM sub-
carrier. The REFERENCE signal is radiated omni-directionally in the
horizontal in the horizontal plane. The radiation signal is circular, with a
phase independent of azimuth. The REFERENCE signal also includes
Ident and Voice amplitude modulating tones.

The VARIABLE signal is obtained by radiating two 30Hz audio phase

shifted (90°), amplitude modulated, double sidebands suppressed
carrier (f0 ± 30), which are referred to as Sideband Only (SBO). The
SBO signals are radiated from pairs of crossed dipole or loop
antennas.

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 VOR: AZIMUTH AS F(φ)

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 VOR FREQUENCY SPECTRUM

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 THE DOPPLER VOR WAY

The REFERENCE signal is obtained by amplitude modulating

the carrier frequency f0 with 30Hz sine wave. The REFERENCE
signal is radiated omni-directionally in the horizontal plane by
the central antenna called the Carrier Antenna. The radiation
signal is circular, with a phase independent of azimuth. The
REFERENCE signal also includes Ident and Voice amplitude
modulating tones.

The VARIABLE signal is obtained from the 9960Hz frequency

modulated subcarrier, which amplitude modulates the carrier.
The subcarrier is frequency modulated at a 30Hz rate. The
sideband signals are sequentially distributed and radiated from
48 sideband antennas, in such a way as to simulate two
diametrically opposed antennas, rotating counterclockwise
about the circumference ring at 30 revolutions per second.

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 DVOR AZIMUTH AS F(φ)

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 THE DOPPLER EFFECT

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 FREQUENCY DEVIATION

The frequency deviation is proportional to the diameter of the

SB ring expressed in wavelength of the operating frequency.

The Doppler Effect: 

f ftransmitted 1 ) ftransmitted

Where: f is the frequency as observed by the aircraft

ftransmitted is the frequency transmitted
c is the velocity of wave in the medium = 300x 106 m/s in this case
is the velocity of the receiver
is the velocity of the source

   
Or, f ) ftransmitted ) ftransmitted
 

Where: f becomes the frequency deviation

is the orbiting frequency, 30Hz in this case
 is the wavelength at transmitted frequency

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 FREQUENCY DEVIATION


f


Setting the diameter to 13.6 meters produces peak

frequency deviation of 480 Hz at a frequency of 112.34
MHz, 461 Hz at 108 MHz and 504 Hz at 118 MHz. These
deviations correspond to FM indexes of 16, 15.37 and
16.80 respectively.

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 ELECTRONIC SIMULATION OF ANTENNA MOVEMENT

To achieve this effect, Antenna 1 is fed with USB

(fo+9960) and Antenna 25 is fed with LSB (fo–9960)
simultaneously. When antennas 1 and 25 reach
their peak radiation, the antennas 2 and 26 are
activated. As soon as these reach their peak, the
USB is switched to antenna 3 and the LSB to
antenna 27. This method of activation results in a
smooth and continuous orbiting of the focal points of
radiation.

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 ELECTRONIC SIMULATION OF ANTENNA MOVEMENT

The USB and LSB move around the

ring of antennas in a CCW direction. 2 1 48 47
4 3 46
5 45
6 44
7 USB 43
At any given moment, two
8 42
antennas are radiating the USB, 9
and two are radiating the LSB. 41
10 40
11 39
The remaining antennas are 12 CSB 38
numbered counterclockwise 13 37
from #1. 14 36
Radiation from all five antennas 15 35
mixes in space, forming the 16 34
composite seen by the aircraft. 17 33
18 32
The two sideband signals 19 LSB 31
are sometimes called 20 30
21 29
Sideband Only (SBO). 22 23 28
24 25 26 27

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 ELECTRONIC SIMULATION OF ANTENNA MOVEMENT

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 DVOR SPECTRUM

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 VOR RECEIVER BD

OUTPUT IS COMPOSITE
AUDIO VOLTAGE  %MOD

30Hz 30Hz
AM FM

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 RECEIVED SIGNAL EQUATIONS

s(t)  )
Where: s(t) is the Transmitted Signal
m(t) is the Modulating Signal
fc is the Carrier Frequency

The Modulating Signal is:

1 0.3cos 2 t+1) 0.3cos 2 t+ 16cos 2 t+2)]

Where: fm is 30Hz
fsc is the subcarrier 9960Hz
(1- 2) is the bearing angle

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 COMPOSITE SIGNAL

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 TERMINOLOGY & NOMENCLATURE
ADRACS: Automatic Data Recording And Control System
PDSU: Pin-Diode Switching Unit
BCPS: Battery Charger Power Supply
BITE: Built-In Test Equipment
BSG: Blending Signal Generator
CPL: Coupler
CSB: Control and Status Board
CSL: Control Selector Logic
DME: Distance Measuring Equipment
EPROM: Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
FM: Frequency Modulation
LCSU: Local Control and Status Unit
LRCI: Local / Remote Control Interface
MOD: Modulator
MON: Monitor
MSG: Modulator Signal Generator
PC: Personal Computer
OBS: Omni Bearing Selector
RCMS: Remote Control and Monitoring Center
RCSE: Remote Control and Status Equipment
USB, LSB: Upper Sideband, Lower Sideband
SYN: Synthesizer
VAM: Voice Amplifier

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 SPECIFICATIONS
- FREQUENCY BAND: 108 … 118 MHz, IN SPACING OF
50KHz
- POLARIZATION: HORIZONTAL
- COVERAGE: SATISFACTORY AT LEVELS AND
DISTANCES REQUIRED OPERATIONALLY AND UP
TO AN ELEVATION ANGLE OF 40°
- DEPTH OF MODULATION OF THE CARRIER: 28 – 32%
- DEPTH OF MODULATION OF THE SUB-CARRIER: 28-
32%
- FM DEVIATION RATIO (INDEX) : 16, ±1
- IDENTIFICATION SIGNAL TRANSMITTED 3 TIMES
EACH 30 SECONDS, DEPTH OF MODULATION 10%
- VOICE DEPTH OF MODULATION 25%

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 DVOR/DME STATION

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 DVOR/DME 3M COUNTERPOISE

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 DVOR/DME 7M COUNTERPOISE

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 DVOR/DME 10M COUNTERPOISE

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 CUSTOM HEIGHT COUNTERPOISE

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 SITING CRITERIA

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 DVOR 432B BLOC DIAGRAM

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 DVOR CABINET LAYOUT

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 TECHNICAL DATA

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 SYSTEM DATA

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 POWERS AND SETTINGS

CARRIER POWER: 100W Typical

SB POWER: 30W Typical
REFERENCE %MOD: 30%
VARIABLE %MOD: 30% (Function of SB
Power and Blending
%MOD)
IDENTIFICATION %MOD: 10%
VOICE %MOD: 25%

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 LCP: LOCAL CONTROL PANEL

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 LCP INDICATORS

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 LCP CONTROLS

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 LCP CONTROL BUTTONS

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 LCP MENU OVERVIEW

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 LCP: S1 MENU

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 LCP - S1 MENU IN DETAIL EXAMPLE: CONFIG DATA

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 MENU AVAILABLE IN LOCAL/MAINTENANCE MODE

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 LCP: S2 MONITOR QUICK ACCESS

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 LCP: S3 SHOW ALERTS

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 AVAILABLE ALERTS

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 LCP S4: CONTROL

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