MATERIAL GYPSUM

drg. Feni Istikharoh

 Apakah gypsum itu?
• Merupakan mineral alam hasil penambangan pegunungan di hampir seluruh
dunia dengan formula CaSO4.s2H2O (calcium sulphat dihydrate).
• Variasi gypsum :
1. Alabaster
2. Satin Spar
3. Selenite
4. Plaster of Paris
Alabaster
• Pure white
• Fine grained
• Translucent
• Often use for carving
Satin Spar
• Fibrous needle like
• Silky
• Translucent (pearly, milky)
• Feel greasier to the touch
• “Fibrous Calcite” (calcite is harder
minerals)
Selenite
• Transparent
• Colorless
• Crystalline
Asal Gypsum
Gypsum in Dentistry
 Classification of Gypsum in Dentistry
According to ADA no. 25
• Type I – Impression Plaster (Bahan cetak)
• Type II – Plaster of Paris (Model)
• Type III – Dental Stone (Die, Model)
• Type IV – High strength / Low Expansion Dental Stone (Die)
• Type V – High Strength / High Expansion Dental Stone (Die)
 Difference of Model and Die Stone
• Model is a replica of structures in the • In the case of a cast restoration, such
oral cavity as a crown or bridge, individual teeth
may be removed from the rest of the
• If to used for treatment planning cast so that restoration can be waxed
purposed, (ortho, prostho,etc) it’s
up and worker on more easily.
known as study model/model cast/
model studi
• For laboratory constraction of a
restorative, it’s known as working
model / model kerja
 Difference of α and β Hemihydrate
• α – Hemihydrate • β – Hemihydrate
1. When dihydrate is heated under 1. When dihydrate is heated in an open
steamed pressure kettle or kiln
2. Dense & Prismatic crystal 2. Spongy and irregularly shaped
products
3. Stronger & Harder products on
mixing with water ( III, IV, V) 3. Less strong products on mixing with
water (I, II)
4. Smaller W/P ratio
4. Larger W/P ratio
 Type I – Impression Plaster
• Now rarely used
• Earlier plaster was modified for use for use impression materials by addition
of chemical and flavoring agents
• Use as preliminary impression of edentulous ridge in fabrications of denture
 Type II – Model Plaster
• Plaster of Paris
• β – Hemihydrate
• Heating gypsum powder in open container results in powder that consist of
porous and irregular particle
• Weakest and least expensive of all gypsum products
• Use to secure cast in articulator and to fill a flask in denture construction
 Type III – Dental Stone
• Class I α Hemihydrate
• Available in a range of colors
• Made for gypsum by carefully controlled calcinations under steam pressure in a closed container
• The method releases the water of crystallization slowly
• Powder particles are more uniform in shape and lee porous
• Stronger and more expensive than plaster
• Use for making cast for diagnostic purpose
• Cast for complete denture and removable partial denture construction
Range of colors
 Type IV - High strength / Low Expansion
Dental Stone
• Improves stone, densite, die stone
• Made by calcining in calcium chloride sodium
• Powder particles very dense and cuboidal in shape
• Reduced area surface
• Strongest and most expensive
• Densite is the densest of all the materials
• Used mainly for the cast and dies for crown and inlay
 Type V – High Strength / High Expansion
Dental Stone
• Same as type IV
• Added with accelerators and retarder
• Surface tension reducing agent like Lignon sulfate
• For making very strong dies
• By lowering the w/p ratio, increasing setting expansion to compensate for
alloy
 Some Chemicals May be Added to The Stone

• Pottasium Sulfate : Accelerate setting time

• Borax : Used to retard the set
• Sodium Chloride : Reducing the setting expansion by providing extra site
for crystal growth
• Calcium Sulphate Dihydrate : Provides nuclei for crystallization and
therefor it acts
 Different of The Crystal Structure

Plaster of Paris – Type II Dental Stone – Type III Die Stone – Type IV
 Setting process of Gypsum
• As the hemihydrate powder is added to the water, some of the powder dissolve
• A reaction occurs and this hemihydrate is converted to the dehydrate
• The solubility of the dihydrate is very low and a supersaturated solution is rapidly formed
• Since the stability of the “supersaturated solution” is very low, the dehydrate crystals start to
precipitate out
• This process continues as more hemihydrate dissolve in the water
• This is a quite an aggressive exothermic reaction and has potential for tissue damage due to
burning if handled incorrectly
• “supersaturated solution” is a solution that contains more of the dissolve material than could
be dissolved by the solvent under normal circumstance
 Reference
• A Clinical Guide to Applied Dental Materials. Stephen J. Bonsor & Gavin J.
Pearson. 2013
• Applied Dental Materials 9th Editions. John F. McCabe. 2008
• Clinical Aspects of Dental Materials. 3rd Editions. Marcia Gladwin, Michael
Bagby. 2013
• Dental Materials at A Glance 2nd Editions. J. Anthony V.F. 2013
• Craig’s Restorative Dental Materials. 13th Editions. Ronald. L Sagakuchi. 2012
•