BUTTERFLY

Metamorphosis is a process of a caterpillar to become a new animal (perfect stage), in

this case is a butterfly. The process happens quite simple but takes quite long time. First,
starting from an egg laid by a butterfly on a leaf (usually leaf of orange tree or other tree), this
leaf is aimed to be the food for the caterpillars until it reaches adulthood when the time comes
to become pupa/cocoon and in some the day it will become a new butterfly.

The egg that laid by a butterfly will hatch in 3-5 days. Then it becomes larva. The
larva will walk to the edge of the leaf of host plant and start eating it. Most of the larva eat its
empty egg shell as a first food. The outer skin of the larva does not stretch following its
growth, but it become very tight when larva will change its skin. Larva change its skin
(molting) for about 4-6 times during its life.

When the larva reach the maximum growth, larva will stop eating, walking to seek the
nearest shelter, clinging themselves to a branch or a leaf with woven yarn. The larva have
entered the phase of pre-pupa and for the last time releasing the skin to form a pupa (cocoon).
Pupa usually hard, smooth and in a form of a structure without any limb. Commonly pupa is
green, brown or the color according to the surroundings (camouflage). The forming of a
butterfly in the pupa usually takes 7-20 days depending on the species.

Once it is out of the pupa, the butterfly will crawl to the top so that the wings that still
weak, crumpled and slightly wet can hang down and inflate normally. Immediately after the
wings are dry, inflate and strong, the wings will open and close several times and the
butterfly will attempt to fly.

HOW DOES COVID-19 SPREAD?

 People in the world are shocked by the emergence of COVID-19. This virus becomes
a pandemic that has contaminated people all around the world. What is COVID-19? COVID-
19 is a very infectious disease caused by a new kind of coronavirus. Is it dangerous? How can
it spread to humans?

Firstly, the virus is supposed to spread primarily from person to person. These viruses
can spread between persons who are in contact approximately in about 6 feet.

Secondly, COVID-19 can also range via respiratory dewdrops produced while an
infected person coughs or sneezes. These drops can land in the noses or mouths of persons
who are nearby. Or they can feasibly be inhaled into the lungs.

Thirdly, it is spread by any human interaction with infected objects or surfaces. It may
be likely that a person can catch up COVID-19 by touching objects devouring the virus. Then
they drop the virus into their own nose, mouth, or eyes.

How easily a virus blowout from person to person can vary. These viruses are highly
spreadable. Therefore, we have to be alert and keep following health protocols.
 FLOODING

Flooding is a disaster which commonly happens in large and densely populated cities. In
Indonesia, the floods hit Jakarta very often and cause many victims. Then, do you know the process of
how flood happens? Pay attention to the following explanation.

The process of natural flooding is preceded by rain which falls to the surface of the earth.
Then the rain water is absorbed by the ground surface and flows to the lower place. Once that
condition happens, evaporation and the water appear to the surface of the land. Flooding can be
disastrous for humans when floods happen in an area that people live because the water carries along
objects like houses, bridges, cars, furniture and even people.

On the other hand, the process of non natural flooding is usually caused by bad habits of
humans who do not care about the environment, such as littering that can make water flow clogged.
This makes the water deposited in landfills which gradually becomes more common. When water
reservoirs can no longer hold water discharge, the water then overflows out theland and cause
flooding.
 TSUNAMI

In Indonesia, we are very familiar with the word " Tsunami ". This natural disaster has ever
killed thousands of lives in Banda Aceh a few years ago. Indonesia mourned, the world mourned.
Then, how the Tsunami happens? Here is a brief explanation of the process of how the Asian tsunami
happens.

Tsunamis can occur if there is a phenomenon which causes the displacement of large amounts
of water in the ocean, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, landslides, and meteors that fall to
Earth. However, 90% of tsunamis is the result of underwater earthquakes.

Vertical movement in the Earth's crust in the bottom of the ocean causes a sudden up or down
movement of sea floor which then causes the water balance disorders above it. This disturbance
causes the occurrence of the flow of the massive sea water energy, that once it reaches the shore, it
becomes huge waves resulting Tsunami.
 SNOW

The snowfall is always exciting, isn’t it? In the snowfall you can crunch through the snow,
make a snowman and play snowballs with your brother. Have you ever wondered how snow is made,
though?

Snow occurs when water vapors in the air freeze before they can turn into water. This
happens when the temperature in the clouds is very cold. Snowflakes are made up of crystals of ice
that have formed around bits of dirt in the air. The snowflakes start out very small and grow. Each
snowflake is different and might contain up to 200 crystals.