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Composition Stoichiometry and The Mole Concepts
Composition Stoichiometry and The Mole Concepts
By definition:
Avogadro’s number, NA
1 mole = 6.022 x 1023 particles (atoms, molecules or ions)
4
Converting Between Mass and
Atoms
1 12 C atom
12.00 g 1.66 10 –24 g
=
12.00 amu 6.022 10 23 12
C atoms
1amu
1amu = 1.66 10 –24 g or
1 g = 6.022 1023 amu
M = molar mass in
NA = Avogadro’s number
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Examples
1. Calculate the number of moles, n, contained in 35.8 g of
water. ANSWER : 1.98 moles
Examples
2. Calculate the mass contained in 69.8 moles of water.
ANSWER : 1.26 x 103 g
Examples
3. (a) Calculate the number of molecules and (b) number of
hydrogen atoms present in 69.8 moles of water.
ANSWER : a) 4.20 x 1025 molecules
b) 8.41 x 1025 H atoms
Examples
4. Calculate the mass of hydrogen present in 69.8 moles of
water.
ANSWER : 1.41 x 102 g
Percent Composition and Formulas of Compounds
Consider a compound having a chemical formula:
AaBb
Example:
Calculate the percent composition by mass of water.
ANSWER : 11.21% H; 88.79% O
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Chemical Formula
• Empirical Formula
• Simplest formula of a compound
• Molecular Formula
• True formula of a compound
• Whole-number multiple of the Empirical Formula
Note:
Empirical formula can be the molecular formula but Molecular may not be the
empirical formula
Example
11
*
12
*COMMON FRACTIONS IN DECIMAL FORM in the
whole number ratio of elements in the compound*
COMMON FRACTIONS IN
DECIMAL FORM*
Decimal Fraction Multiply
equivalent by
0.50 1/2 2
0.33 1/3 3
0.67 2/3 3
0.25 ¼ 4
0.75 ¾ 4
0.20 1/5 5
*Page69 Whittens (9th ed)
2. A compound contains 24.74% K, 34.76% Mn, and 40.50% O by mass. What
is its empirical formula?
KNOW COMMON FRACTIONS IN
DECIMAL FORM*
Decimal Fraction Multiply
equivalent by
0.50 1/2 2
0.33 1/3 3
0.67 2/3 3
0.25 ¼ 4
0.75 ¾ 4
0.20 1/5 5
*Page69 Whittens (9th ed)
**Empirical Formula via Combustion Reaction
3. A 0.1014-g sample of purified glucose was burned in a C-H combustion
train to produce 0.1486 g of CO2 and 0.0609 g of H2O. An elemental
analysis showed that glucose contains only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Other experiments show that its molecular weight is approximately 180
amu. Determine the simplest formula and the molecular formula of
glucose.
Strategy:
Empirical Formula
Molecular Formula
ANSWER : EF = CH2O ; MF = C6H12O6
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