FUNDAMENTAL OF

COMPUTER

RAHUL ADHIKARI
UNIQUE COMPUTER CLASSES CHALLERA
 FUNDAMENTAL OF COMPUTER

COMPUTER: Computer is an electronic device which is capable of receiving data(information) in a

particular form.

Charles Babbage

• ‘CHARLES BABBAGE’ is the Father of Computer.

PARTS OF COMPUTER

1. Keyboard: It is also known as ‘QWERTY’ Keyboard.

A standard keyboard has 104 keys; these keys are divided into different divisions. These are: -

a. Alphabet keys (like: A, B, C, D, etc.)

b. Number keys (like: 1,2,3,4, etc.)
c. Symbol keys (like: @, #, $, etc.)
d. Arrow keys
e. Function keys (like: F1, F2, F3, F4, etc.)
f. Special keys (like: Backspace, Enter, Space, Shift, Control key, Alternate key)

KEYBOAARD

2. Mouse: It is designed and discovered by ‘Douglas Engel Bert’ at Bell Lab is USA.

Types of Mouses: -

➔ Mechanical Mouse: A hard rubber all that rolls as the mouse is moved. Sensor inside the
body detect the movement.

MECHANICAL MOUSE

➔ Optical Mouse: Wired Modern Mouse with LED sensors.

OPTICAL MOUSE
➔ Cordless Mouse: Wireless Mouse

CORDLESS MOUSE

3. Monitor: Also known as VDU (Visual Display Unit)

There are two types of monitors: CRT & LCD
• CRT (Cathode Ray Display)

CRT (CATHODE RAY DISPLAY)

• LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)

LCD (LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY)

4. CPU: CPU (Central Processing Unit) also known as Brain of the Computer.
5. Printer: There are three types of Printers.
a. Inkjet Printer: - Used for colorful Printings

b. Laser Printer: - Used for Black & White Printings.

c. Dot Matrix Printer: - Used for Dotted Printings.

TWO TYPES OF DEVICES

1. Input Device: Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Trackball, Joystick, Light pen

 2. Output Device: Monitor, Printer, Speaker

STORAGE DEVICE

Pen drive, CD, DVD, HDD (Hard disk drive), SSD (Solid State drive), Floppy disk, Memory Card

GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER

S no. Generation & Description

1 First Generation
This period of first generation: 1946-1959. Vacuum tube based.
2 Second Generation
The period of second generation: 1959-1965. Transistor based.
3 Third Generation
The period of third generation: 1965-1971. Integrated circuit based.
4 Fourth Generation
The period of fourth generation: 1971-1980. VLSI microprocessor based.
5 Fifth Generation
The period of fifth generation: 1980-ownwards. ULSI microprocessor based.

Computer can be divided into the following categories:

1. Microcomputers: The computer that we see around in shops, banks & schools are micro
computers or pieces.
2. Mini computers: the minicomputer was designed to handle specific tasks like engineering.

3. Mainframe: Mainframe computers are very Fast & Efficient. They are used in big setups
where the work requires high processing power and speed. They are used in research
organizations, banks and government organizations.

4. Super Computer: Super Computers are the fastest and biggest types of computers, many
processors in a super computer work together at the same time. They are big in size and
occupy a large space.
For example: Weather Forecasting, Space & Rockets Science, Defense etc.

TWO TYPES OF MEMORY:

A. Primary memory: RAM (Random Access Memory)

ROM (Read Only Memory)

 B. Secondary memory: CD, HDD (Hard disk drive), Floppy disk, Pen drive etc.

FULL FORMS

Mbps – Mega Bytes Per Second

Kbps – Kilo Bytes Per Second

USB – Universal Serial Bus

1 Bit = Binary Digit

8 Bits = 1 Byte

1024 Bytes = 1 Kilobyte

1024 Kilobytes = 1 Megabyte

1024 Megabytes = 1 Gigabyte

1024 Gigabytes = 1 Terabyte

1024 Terabytes = 1 Petabyte

1024 Petabytes = 1 Exabyte

1024 Exabytes = 1 Zettabyte

1024 Zettabytes = 1 Yottabyte

1024 Yottabytes = 1 Brontobyte

1024 Brontobytes = 1 Geopbyte

Full Form of Computer

C – Common

O – Operating

M – Machine

P – Particularly

U – Used for

T – Trade,

E – Education, and

R - Research