SECTION 2.

0 PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION

2.1 Fluid Compartment..................................................................................... 3

2.1.1 Acetate/Bicarbonate (A/B Blue) Proportioner (CD13)................... 4
2.1.2 Water/Acidified (W/A Red) Proportioner (CD14) .......................... 4
2.1.3 Acetate/Bicarbonate (A/B) Mixer (FC11) and Conductivity Cells
(SC05/06 and SM13/14) .............................................................. 4
2.1.4 Water/Acidified (W/A) Mixer (FC06) & Conductivity Cells (SC08/09
and SM15/16) .............................................................................. 5
2.1.5 Bypass Solenoid Valve (CD10) .................................................... 5
2.1.6 Isolate Solenoid Valve (CD16) ..................................................... 5
2.1.7 Deaeration Pressure Pump (CD21).............................................. 5
2.1.8 Deaeration Pressure Regulator (FC03)/Water Pressure Switch
(SM12) ......................................................................................... 5
2.1.9 Deaerator/Heat Exchanger (FC04/FC02) ..................................... 6
2.1.10 Dialysate Pressure Pump (CD20) .............................................. 6
2.1.11 Disinfect at Inlet Valve (CD17) ................................................... 6
2.1.12 Disinfect Control Valve (CD22)................................................... 6
2.1.13 Flow Controller (CD15)............................................................... 7
2.1.14 Heater (CD11) ............................................................................ 7
2.1.15 High Temp Mercury Thermometer (SM08)................................. 7
2.1.16 Inlet Water Pressure Regulator (FC01) ...................................... 8
2.1.17 Inlet Water Solenoid Valve (CD19) ............................................ 8
2.1.18 Proportioner Pressure Regulator (FC05).................................... 8
2.1.19 Vent Valve (CD23)...................................................................... 8
2.1.20 UF Inflow Volume Sensors (SC12/14)........................................ 8
2.1.21 Vacuum Lines............................................................................. 9
2.2 Front Door .................................................................................................. 11
2.2.1 Blood Leak Detector (SM01) ........................................................ 11
2.2.2 Dialysate Pressure Transducer (SM07)........................................ 12
2.2.3 Heparin Pump (CD04) .................................................................. 12
2.2.4 Dialysate Pressure Regulator (FC09)........................................... 12
2.2.5 Air/Level Detector Clamp (CD05) ................................................. 12
2.2.6 UF Outflow Volume Sensors (SC13,15)....................................... 13
2.2.7 Air/Level Detector Board (IB16).................................................... 13
2.2.8 The Control Panel PCB's (IB05/06/07/08).................................... 13
2.3 Electrical Compartment.............................................................................. 14
2.3.1 Line Filter (FL1) ............................................................................ 14
2.3.2 Heater Control Relay (K05) .......................................................... 14
2.3.3 Mains Power Transformer (T1)..................................................... 15
2.3.4 A/B and W/A Proportioner Driver (IB03/04).................................. 15
2.3.5 Power Supply and Distribution (PS1, IB17/18) ............................. 15
2.3.6 Conductivity/Temperature PCB (IB01/02) .................................... 15
2.3.7 Fan (CD18)................................................................................... 16
2.3.8 Interlock Switch (SM11)................................................................ 16
2.3.9 Flow Controller Motor (CD15)....................................................... 16

Revised June 2000

 2.3.10 Deaeration and Dialysate Pressure Pump Motors (CD20/21) .... 16
2.3.11 Mains Power Fuse (F1) .............................................................. 16
2.3.12 Blood Pump Drive Resistor (R02) .............................................. 16
2.4 Cardcage.................................................................................................... 17
2.4.1 Side Panel PCB (IB21) ................................................................. 17
2.4.2 Monitor I/O PCB (PC16) ............................................................... 18
2.4.3 Monitor CPU (PC17)..................................................................... 18
2.4.4 Control CPU (PC18) ..................................................................... 19
2.4.5 UFC CPU (PC19) ......................................................................... 19
2.4.6 Infusion Pump (PC10A)................................................................ 20
2.4.7 Blood Pump (PC9B) ..................................................................... 20
2.4.8 Single Needle I/O (PC9E)............................................................. 20
2.4.9 Single Needle CPU (PC8E).......................................................... 20
2.4.10 Motherboard (MB1) .................................................................... 21
2.4.11 Single Needle Interconnect (MB3).............................................. 21

Revised June 2000

 2.0 PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION

Physically, the internals of the 1550 are divided into four areas
as shown in Figure 2-1 (next page):

Š Fluid Compartment (Section 2.1)

Š Front Door (Section 2.2)
Š Electrical Compartment (Section 2.3)
Š Cardcage (Section 2.4)

To assist the Field Service Technician, most components in the

1550 are labeled with Reference Designators; for example, the
Disinfect Control Valve is identified as CD22. This method of
identification is also shown on interconnect diagrams and
schematics. See the Component Reference Designations Table
for a listing. (See Appendix B for a detailed listing.)

The following pages describe the internal mechanical

components of the 1550.

Table 2-1: Component Reference Designators

Refdes Component Refdes Component
AA Audible alarm P Plug connectors
BR Bridge rectifier PC Printed circuit board
CD Control device PS Power supply
DS Display signal Q Transistor
F Fuse R Potentiometer
FC Fluid Component S Switch
FL Filter SC Sensor control
GND Earth ground SM Sensor monitor
IB Interconnect board SND Single Needle connector
J Connector SW Switch (on PCB)
K Relay T Transformer
MB Mother board TB Terminal block

Revised June 2000

2-1
1550 SERVICE MANUAL

FRONT VIEW

FRONT DOOR
(SECTION 2.2)
FLUID
COMPARTMENT
(SECTION 2.1)

REAR VIEW

CARD CAGE
(SECTION 2.4)

ELECTRICAL
COMPARTMENT
(SECTION 2.3)

Figure 2-1. 1550 Compartments

Revised June 2000

2-2
 SECTION 2, PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION

2.1 FLUID The 1550 Fluid Compartment (Figure 2-2) houses nearly all
COMPARTMENT mechanical devices dealing directly with the monitoring and
control of fluids.

Although some devices are located in the front door, when the
door is closed, it should be considered as part of the Fluid
Compartment. The following paragraphs describe the primary
components.

Figure 2-2. Fluid Compartment (Pressure Lines)

Revised June 2000

2-3
1550 SERVICE MANUAL

2.1.1 Acetate/ The A/B Proportioner draws in Acetate or Bicarbonate from a

Bicarbonate (A/B Blue) concentrate container in NORMALIZE and DIALYZE modes,
Proportioner (CD13) or water and disinfectant in the DISINFECT mode.

2.1.2 Water/Acidified The W/A Proportioner functions in the same manner as the
(W/A Red) Proportioner A/B Proportioner described in paragraph 2.1.1., pumping water
(CD14) in the acetate mode or acidified concentrate in the bicarbonate
mode.

2.1.3 Acetate/ The A/B Mixer (left portion of this figure), consists of an
Bicarbonate (A/B) Mixer injector and a series of chambers. The design of these
(FC11) and Conductivity chambers is such that the incoming concentrate and water from
Cells (SC05/06 and the proportioner is thoroughly mixed for proper ion balance.
SM13/14) The Conductivity Cells (right portion of this figure) are sensors
which vary their resistances in proportion to the conductivity
and temperature of the mixed fluid.

Revised June 2000

2-4
 SECTION 2, PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION

2.1.4 Water/Acidified (See Paragraph 2.1.3.)

(W/A) Mixer (FC06) &
Conductivity Cells
(SC08/09 and SM15/16)

2.1.5 Bypass Solenoid The Bypass Solenoid Valve directs the path of the dialysate
Valve (CD10) through or around (bypassing) the dialyzer, closing just the "to"
line to the dialyzer. In "Bypass" the "from" line is still open so
that dialysate pressure still affects the dialyzer for procedures
such as sequential ultrafiltration.

2.1.6 Isolate Solenoid The Isolate Solenoid Valve is on the output side of the dialyzer
Valve (CD16) and works with the bypass solenoid valve (CD10) and
completely isolates the dialyzer when triggered. (Both TO and
FROM lines are closed.)

2.1.7 Deaeration The Deaeration Pressure Pump is between the deaerator vessel
Pressure Pump (CD21) and the Proportioner Pressure Regulator. In addition to
maintaining an elevated recirculation flow through the heater
and deaerator, it provides the negative pressure for deaerating
the incoming water.

2.1.8 Deaeration The Deaeration Pressure Regulator regulates the negative

Pressure Regulator pressure in the deaerator vessel. The Water Pressure Switch
(FC03)/Water Pressure (SM12) monitors the incoming water pressure.
Switch (SM12)

Revised June 2000

2-5
1550 SERVICE MANUAL

2.1.9 Deaerator/Heat Water enters the Deaerator (shown on left) from the bottom at a
Exchanger (FC04/FC02) negative pressure. As the water travels up the sides and
through the coalescing filter, the air bubbles travel up to the top
of the Deaerator. The vacuum line connected to the top of the
Deaerator removes the excess air. The coil around the
deaerator is a crossflow heat exchanger (shown on right),
which extracts heat from the effluent and pre-warms the
incoming treated water.

2.1.10 Dialysate The Dialysate Pressure Pump is located between the Dialysate
Pressure Pump (CD20) Pressure Regulator and the output side of the Heat Exchanger.
In addition to maintaining dialysate flow, it provides the
negative pressure for the vacuum lines.

2.1.11 Disinfect at Inlet When the 1550 is in the Automated Disinfect mode, this valve
Valve (CD17) directs the disinfectant to the inlet side of the Heat Exchanger.

2.1.12 Disinfect Control The Disinfect Control Valve controls the fluid path through the
Valve (CD22) system depending on the mode selected. In the Automated
Disinfect Mode, it opens the Disinfect Port (SC03) and
connects it to the A/B (blue/white) rinse port allowing intake of
a sanitizing fluid. As a safety feature, there is a Vent Valve
(CD23) located on the side of CD22 that closes to enable
sanitizing fluid to be drawn in. When the vent valve opens, the
sanitizing fluid drains back into the appropriate container. In
Manual Disinfect, Normalize and Dialyze, CD22 directs rinse
water to the A/B (blue/white) rinse port.

Revised June 2000

2-6
 SECTION 2, PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION

2.1.13 Flow Controller The Flow Controller regulates the dialysate flow rate through
(CD15) the machine. It is located between Inflow 2 Volume Sensor
(SC14) and the Bypass Valve (CD10).

2.1.14 Heater (CD11) Water from the Deaeration Pressure Regulator passes through
the heater housing and is raised to proper temperature prior to
deaeration. The Heater Control Thermistor (SC11) is mounted
at the top of the Heater. The High Temp Heater Thermostat
(SM10) is mounted on the side.

2.1.15 High Temp The High Temp Mercury Thermometer is a backup safety
Mercury Thermometer device that monitors the dialysate temperature just before it is
(SM08) passed through the dialyzer. It is mounted on the Flow
Controller (CD15), described in paragraph 2.1.13.

Revised June 2000

2-7
1550 SERVICE MANUAL

2.1.16 Inlet Water The Inlet Water Pressure Regulator maintains the incoming
Pressure Regulator water pressure within acceptable limits. It is installed between
(FC01) the Inlet Water Solenoid Valve (CD19) and the Disinfect at
Inlet Valve (CD17).

2.1.17 Inlet Water The Inlet Water Solenoid Valve shuts off incoming water when
Solenoid Valve (CD19) the machine is turned OFF or if the pressure drops below a pre-
determined point.

2.1.18 Proportioner The Proportioner Pressure Regulator regulates the pressure

Pressure Regulator from the negative pressure flow loop back to a positive
(FC05) pressure for proportioning the concentrates into the dialysate.
It is located between the Deaeration Pressure Pump (CD21)
and the W/A Mixer and Conductivity Cell (SC08/09 and
SM15/16)

2.1.19 Vent Valve (CD23) (See Paragraph 2.1.12.)

2.1.20 UF Inflow Volume The UF Inflow Volume Sensors measure the volume of
Sensors (SC12/14) dialysate going to the dialyzer. They work in conjunction with
the UF Outflow Volume Sensors (SC13/15) in controlling
ultrafiltration. For UF Outflow Volume Sensors, see 2.2.6.

Revised June 2000

2-8
 SECTION 2, PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION

2.1.21 Vacuum Lines For this discussion, please refer to Flow Diagram below. The
vacuum line begins at the top of the deaerator and proceeds
through a 130 micron filter. After the filter, the vacuum line
"tees" into two separate lines. One of these lines proceeds to
the bottom rear gland of each proportioner. The vacuum line
provides the means by which any concentrate which has
wicked towards the rear of the piston assembly is removed.
Accumulation of concentrate could result in crystallization and
impair proper proportioner operation.
o Prop ortioners
te r T
Wa
ting
ca
bri
Lu

Filter

Check
Valve

Check
Valve

Figure 2-3. Flow Diagram

Coming out of the top rear gland of each proportioner, the two
vacuum lines then "tee" back together into one main line.
From this tee the line proceeds to the Deaeration Pressure
Regulator. The vacuum line passes down through the top and
out the bottom of the rear section of this regulator. The
vacuum provides the regulator with the ability to automatically
regulate its deaeration pressure for differences in altitude and
loss of vacuum due to slow degradation of the Dialysate
Pressure Pump (CD20).

Revised June 2000

2-9
1550 SERVICE MANUAL

After the Deaeration Pressure Regulator, the vacuum line goes

through a check valve which allows air/water to travel only
towards the suction port. From this check valve, the vacuum
line ends at the suction port which is located at the inlet of the
Dialysate Pressure Pump.

Revised June 2000

2-10
 SECTION 2, PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION

2.2 FRONT DOOR The inside of the Front Door (Figure 2-4) contains the support
electronics for all front panel controls. The following
paragraphs describe the major components.
2.2.8

2.2.7

2.2.3

2.2.5

2.2.4

2.2.2

2.2.6

2.2.1
Figure 2-4. Front Door

2.2.1 Blood Leak The Blood Leak Detector system (bottom center of the door),
Detector (SM01) monitors the effluent from the dialyzer for the possible
presence of blood. Internally, the detector consists of a lamp
and a photo detector whose conductance is dependent on the
amount of light provided by the lamp. As dialysate solution
exiting the dialyzer passes through the detector, the presence of
any blood will reduce the amount of light reaching the photo
detector.

Revised June 2000

2-11
1550 SERVICE MANUAL

2.2.2 Dialysate Pressure The 1550 Dialysate Pressure Transducer (center of the door),
Transducer (SM07) sends a voltage to the pressure monitor circuitry which is in
proportion to the pressure on the exit side of the dialyzer
(unless the machine is in Dialysate Isolate).

2.2.3 Heparin Pump The Heparin Pump (upper right inside of door) receives
(CD04) commands from the logic circuitry (PC10A) to administer
heparin at a prescribed rate. For information on how PC10A is
configured, refer to paragraph 2.4.6.

2.2.4 Dialysate Pressure The Dialysate Pressure Regulator (left center on the door), can
Regulator (FC09) be adjusted by the operator to compensate for fluctuations in
venous pressures. Once set, the UFC (PC19) can also adjust
dialysate pressure via the motor drive mechanism mounted next
to the regulator.

2.2.5 Air/Level Detector The Air/Level Detector Clamp mechanism (right center on the
Clamp (CD05) door) consists of a spring loaded device which is set by the
operator after the venous tubing (patient return line) has been
inserted. If an air/level condition exists in the venous drip
chamber that could be injurious to the patient (see Section 11),
the detector clamps off the venous line.

Revised June 2000

2-12
 SECTION 2, PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION

2.2.6 UF Outflow The UF Outflow Volume Sensors measure the volume of

Volume Sensors dialysate coming from the dialyzer. This information is
(SC13,15) compared with that from the UF Inflow Sensors (see paragraph
2.1.20) to determine ultrafiltration.

2.2.7 Air/Level Detector This printed circuit board contains the Air/Level Detector
Board (IB16) circuitry to protect the patient from possible air embolism.

2.2.8 The Control Panel IB05: The Pump Interface Board acts as interface for blood
PCBs and heparin pump control.
(IB05/06/07/08)
IB06: The Pressure Control Board contains CPU for displaying
arterial, venous, and transmembrane pressures.

IB07 (behind IB06): The Pressure Display Board contains

meters and trend indicators for displaying arterial, venous, and
transmembrane pressures.

IB08: The System Display Board contains the system status

lamps and the mode switch.

Revised June 2000

2-13
1550 SERVICE MANUAL

2.3 ELECTRICAL The Electrical Compartment (Figure 2-5) houses all AC and
COMPARTMENT DC power, fuses, filters, motors and most PC boards. The
following paragraphs describe the primary components:
2.3.9 Flow 2.3.7 Fan 2.3.12 Blood Pump 2.3.2 Heater
Controller Motor Drive Resistor Control Relay

2.3.1 Line Filter 2.3.8 Interlock

Switch

2.3.6 Conductivity
2.3.4 A/B and W/A
Temperature PCB
Proportioner Drivers

2.3.5 Power Supply

and Distribution

2.3.3 Mains
2.3.11 Mains Power Transformer
Power Fuse

2.3.10 Deaeration and

Dialysate Pressure
Pump Motors
Figure 2-5. Electrical Compartment

2.3.1 Line Filter (FL1) The Line Filter removes noise and voltage spikes from the
incoming AC power.

2.3.2 Heater Control The Heater Control Relay is a solid state relay (SSR) that
Relay (K05) applies 120 VAC to the heater rod to increase the water
temperature. See paragraph 8.1 of the Temperature Control
section for further information.

Revised June 2000

2-14
 SECTION 2, PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION

2.3.3 Mains Power The Mains Power Transformer isolates and converts the
Transformer (T1) incoming AC to provide 120 VAC (126 VAC under no load)
and 21.5 VAC power for the 1550. See Section 6, Power
Distribution, for further information.

2.3.4 A/B and W/A The A/B and W/A Proportioner Driver board provides the
Proportioner Driver constant current necessary to drive the proportioner's stepper
(IB03/04) motor, and it senses whether the proportioner's speed is
equivalent to the speed of the stepper motor (senses
proportioner skips or stalls).

2.3.5 Power Supply and The Switching Power Supply (mounted in the center), provides
Distribution (PS1, the +5 VDC, -5 VDC, +12 VDC and -12 VDC for the 1550.
IB17/18) The Lower Compartment Interconnect Board (IB17) is located
on the right side and the Power Distribution Board (IB18) is
located on the left side. The Blood Leak Detector circuit is
mounted on IB17.

2.3.6 Conductivity/ The Conductivity/Temperature Board measures the resistance

Temperature PCB values of the conductivity cells and thermistors and converts
(IB01A/02A) them into proportional voltages of temperature and
uncompensated conductivity.

Revised June 2000

2-15
1550 SERVICE MANUAL

2.3.7 Fan (CD18) The Fan pulls in cooling air through the lower louvers on the
rear door, up through the electrical compartment and cardcage,
and back out the upper louvers. The 120 VAC fan runs any
time the electronic circuits are active in the 1550.

2.3.8 Interlock Switch The Interlock Switch is closed anytime the dialysate lines are
(SM11) connected to the side of the 1550. This switch guarantees that
the 1550 is not connected to a dialyzer (and therefore possibly a
patient), and allows many alarms and audible indicators to be
suppressed.

2.3.9 Flow Controller The Flow Controller Motor is a linear actuator that is
Motor (CD15) controlled by the Controller (PC18). This motor moves a
needle inside the Flow Controller, increasing or decreasing the
dialysate flow as required.

2.3.10 Deaeration and These 120 VAC motors are magnetically coupled to the gear
Dialysate Pressure pump heads in the Fluid Compartment.
Pump Motors (CD20/21)

2.3.11 Mains Power The Mains Power Fuse is the primary fuse for the 1550. It is a
Fuse (F1) 15 amp Slo-Blow fuse. The export model of the 1550 (220V)
has two fuses (F1A and F1B) which are 10A Slo-Blow fuses.

2.3.12 Blood Pump NOT PRESENT ON THE SINGLE NEEDLE VERSION OF

Drive Resistor (R02) THE 1550. This resistor shares the current load with the
Darlington on IB14. The Single Needle version (IB14A) has
two Darlingtons and this resistor is not present. This resistor is
removed in the Single Needle version to allow the venous
blood pump to run at elevated speeds.

Revised June 2000

2-16
 SECTION 2, PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION

2.4 CARDCAGE The Cardcage (Figure 2-6) contains most of the PC boards in
the 1550. The following paragraphs describe each of the
boards.

Figure 2-6. Cardcage

2.4.1 Side Panel PCB IB21 contains the microprocessor and other circuitry to support
(IB21) the Side Panel functions. This includes communications to the
rest of the system and support for Patient Cartridges. If the
1550 is setup with the optional Baxter Smart Connection®
communications package, the configuration is set on this board
(SW1). The board also contains four LEDs and the alarm
volume control.

Revised June 2000

2-17
1550 SERVICE MANUAL

2.4.2 Monitor I/O PCB The Monitor I/O board is an extension of the Monitor CPU.
(PC16) All inputs and outputs to PC17 are routed through PC16. The
functions of the Data (SW1), Scroll (SW2) and Shift (SW3, pin
9) switches are defined elsewhere in this manual and on a label
inside the back door of the 1550. The machine number for use
with the Baxter Smart Connection® is set on the dip switch
bank (SW3, pins 1-6).

2.4.3 Monitor CPU The Monitor CPU takes inputs from the Control and UF CPU's,
(PC17) ) the Cartridge, the Side Panel, and various other systems. It
analyzes the data and outputs information to the system
displays (front and side panels). The 4-digit display provides
configuration and maintenance-related information.
Presentation of this information is selected by the switches
described on the Monitor I/O PCB (PC16).

Revised June 2000

2-18
 SECTION 2, PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION

2.4.4 Control CPU In addition to communicating with the UFC and Monitor
(PC18) CPU's, the Control CPU analyzes temperature, and flow rate
information in order to control the heating and flowrate of the
dialysate. It also calculates compensated conductivity which it
uses to control the A/B and W/A proportioners. The disinfect
process is also controlled by this CPU. The 4-digit display and
data switch are detailed later in this manual and on a label
inside the back door of the 1550.

2.4.5 UFC CPU (PC19) The UF CPU board monitors the Volume Sensors as well as
maintaining communications with the Control and Monitor
CPU's. It controls the Ultrafiltration process, and generates the
UFC display information. The 4-digit display and Options
Select Switch are detailed later in this manual and on a label
inside the back door of the 1550.

Revised June 2000

2-19
1550 SERVICE MANUAL

2.4.6 Infusion Pump The Infusion Pump board controls the delivery of heparin. It
(PC10A) monitors the Infusion Pump Switch (SW14), End of Stroke
Switch (SW15) and the Forward/Retract Switch (SW13). This
board controls the pump stepper motor for the syringe drive
mechanism. Select switches on the board are used during
configuration only and are described later in this manual.

2.4.7 Blood Pump The Blood Pump board contains a CPU to control the pump
(PC9B) speed based on the blood pump pot/switch (R18) and limiting
parameters in the software logic. Refer to Section 2.4.8 and
2.4.9 for Single Needle blood pump control.

NOTE The 4-Digit Displays are static sensitive and require special
handling. Do not misalign them or plug them into a socket
upside down (check for the label as shown). These 12-pin
devices must be plugged into the uppermost location on each
socket. If a display is determined to be defective, another can
be used in its place. Note that removing the displays will have
no effect on the operation of the 1550, but a defective display
can cause that board to malfunction. Do not attempt to remove
or install these displays when the 1550 is powered.

CAUTION A defective (shorted) display should never be used. It can

cause damage to a CPU board if used.

2.4.8 Single Needle I/O The Single Needle I/O board controls the arterial and venous
(PC9E) pumps in machines that contain the Single Needle Option.

R2 controls the number of turns made by the venous pump.

2.4.9 Single Needle CPU The Single Needle CPU board controls the arterial and venous
(PC8E) blood pumps through PC9E.

Revised June 2000

2-20
 SECTION 2, PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION

2.4.10 Motherboard The main function of the Motherboard is to route all inputs and
(MB1) outputs of the CPU boards to one another. The Motherboard
also contains three rotary switches on the side control panel and
the machine setup EEPROM which stores all setup and
calibration data for the 1550. The 1550 Cartridge also plugs
into the Motherboard.

2.4.11 Single Needle In a 1550 with the Single Needle Option, the Motherboard
Interconnect (MB3) (MB1) is replaced with a Single Needle Interconnect Board
(MB3).

Revised June 2000

2-21
1550 SERVICE MANUAL

Revised June 2000

2-22