International Journal of Engineering Studies.

ISSN 0975-6469 Volume 6, Number 1 (2014), pp. 63-70

© Research India Publications
http://www.ripublication.com

A Mathematical Tool for 3 phase to 2 phase Conver-

sion (Scott Connection) For Unbalanced Load

Anuradha S Deshpande

Associate Professor in Electrical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering

& Electronics, Faculty of Technology & Engineering, Maharaja Sayajirao University
of Baroda,Vadodara, Gujarat, India
Email:anuradhasdeshpande62@gmail.com,

Abstract

Paper suggest a mathematical tool or analysis for estimation of primary cur-

rent in the transformer when 3 phase to 2 phase conversion is done by Scott
connection for unbalanced load. Work has developed a mathematical deriva-
tion for calculation of various currents as electrical parameters. It has proved
that unbalanced load on 2 phases can be analysed mathematically. Experimen-
tally also it is proved that theoretical calculation, graphical estimates and ob-
served readings during experiment of primary currents on the three phases are
all same, for scott connected transformers. Thus a novel method for verifica-
tion of observation obtained during unbalanced load on 2 phases theoretically
and experimentally is developed. Paper has proved mathematically that cur-
rents on the primary of the transformer are obtained in terms of secondary cur-
rents on the two different phases.

Keywords: Teaser transformer, Main Transformer, Three phase, Two phase,

Unbalanced Load

1. Introduction
Scott connection is a engineering approach in electrical engineering for 3 phase to 2
phase conversion for balanced and unbalanced load connected across the 2 phases.
The circuit resembles T-T connection in respect of voltage current relationship on
primary side. When loaded on the secondary with unbalanced load with two phases
unequally loaded the analysis involves calculation of Primary current in the trans-
formers.

Paper code: 28471 - IJES

64 Anuradha S Deshpande

The traditional approach does not consider no load current of the transformer in
all the three phases. Usually transformed secondary voltages and currents of teaser
and main transformer are used for calculation of current on primary side.
Literature survey includes traditional approach of omitting the no load current of
the transformer in estimation of primary current of the transformer. The load con-
nected on to the secondary side is furnace load of unbalanced type. Therefore the cor-
rect estimation helps in operation of transformers at no load, reduced load and full
load.
History does not support the inclusion of no load current in the calculation while
certain application does require the no load current estimation for accurate operation
during unbalanced load without overheating.

2. Problem Formulation
Scott connection is a tool for analysis of three phase to two phase conversion. Estima-
tion of line currents is based on neglecting current in all the three phases. current
is neglected in calculation of , , . But if current is not neglected, then so-
lution of line current is a problem to be solved.

3. Solution Methodology
The solution to the three phase to two phase conversion considering current is ob-
tained for balanced and unbalanced load on secondary winding which are 2 phases.
Solution is based on calculation of primary currents , , based on transfor-
mation of secondary voltages and currents on the primary side. current is superim-
posed on and in each line and then problem solution is to be obtained.
The estimation of primary current in analytical and graphical form is as under:

Theory of Scott Connection:

and are the secondary current on teaser and main transformer connected to con-
vert 3 phase to 2 phase . and are the secondary voltages on main and teaser
transformer.
, , are primary source currents measured at no load and also at load.
The transformed primary voltages of secondary voltages are and respectively.
Secondary currents transformed to primary side are in teaser and in main
transformer.
= …….. …….. ……… …… ……. ( 1)
0.866 ×

= ………………………… ……………………………. . ( 2)

Teaser transformation ratio is

………………………………………………………( 3)
0.866 ×
A Mathematical Tool for 3 phase to 2 phase Conver-sion (Scott Connection) 65

Main transformation ratio is

…………………………………………………………. . ( 4)

At no load
, = …………. ……………………………. . ( 5)

Although secondary side of teaser and main transformer are connected for single
phase loads amounting to 3 phase to 2 phase conversion, but primary windings are
connected to 3 phase supply. So primary currents can be derived in terms of secon-
dary parameters of teaser and main transformer.
Calculation of , , can be done from and .
Transformed secondary current on primary of is in primary which flows in
opposite direction to middle of the main transformer and transformed secondary cur-
rent on primary of is in Y and B phases respectively.
is the no load current of each transformer flowing in each line connected to
R,Y and B.
Thus,
Current in R phase ---- vector sum of and
Current in Y phase ----- vector sum of , and from R phase.
Current in B phase ----- vector sum of , and from R phase.

3.1 Balanced Load:

Loading of secondary is balanced then = i.e. the load on teaser and main trans-
former is same.
, , are voltages of R,Y and B phase.

Vector Diagram of Currents and Voltages phasor:

66 Anuradha S Deshpande

= + …………………………………………………………………………………( 6)

= + ℎ = + 1⁄2 …………………………………………. ( 7)

= + ℎ = + 1⁄2 …………………………………………. ( 8)

The vectors , , are analytically calculated as above.

3.2 Unbalanced Load :

When the current on the teaser transformer ≠ current on main transformer,
then the load is unbalanced.

3.2.1 Case I ≠ , > , So >

The calculation of the vectors , , are analytically calculated as under:
A Mathematical Tool for 3 phase to 2 phase Conver-sion (Scott Connection) 67

From the vector diagram it can be analysed to determine the following:

Also voltage vector is at an angle of 30 degree with respect to Ipm.
Thus angle of current vector with respect to voltage is
− 30 …….. ( 10)

With above angles line currents , , can be calculated as below:

= + …………………………………………………………………………………( 11)

= + + 2 cos( 90 − ) ℎ = + 1⁄2 ………… . ( 12)

= + + 2 cos( 90 + ) ℎ = + 1 ⁄2 ………………………. ( 13)

The vectors , , are analytically calculated as above.

68 Anuradha S Deshpande

3.2.2 Case II ≠ , < , So <

The calculation of the vectors , , are analytically calculated as under:

From the vector diagram it can be analysed to determine the following:

Also voltage vector is at an angle of 30 degree with respect to Ipm.
Thus angle of current vector with respect to voltage is
30 − …….. ( 15)

With above angles line currents , , can be calculated as below:

= + …………………………………………………………………………………( 16)

= + + 2 cos( 90 + ) ℎ = + 1⁄2 ………… . ( 17)

= + + 2 cos( 90 − ) ℎ = + 1 ⁄2 ………………………. ( 18)

The vectors , , are analytically calculated as above

Thus , , can be graphically also estimated as below.
A Mathematical Tool for 3 phase to 2 phase Conver-sion (Scott Connection) 69

4. Test Circuit for Scott Connection:

5. Observations: Io=1.25A at no load

Sr IR IY IB Vst Vsm Ist Ism Remark

No
1 1.9 1.9 2.1 124 120 2.3 2.3 Balanced
Load
2 4.4 3.2 2.45 120 113 7.4 2.4 Unbalanced
Load
1
2
>
3 2 3.6 4.2 108 122 2.5 7.5 Unbalanced
Load
1
2
<

Based on the calculation explained in theory, Ipt, Ipm and Io are calculated and
vectors , , are obtained as shown in the result table.
 70 Anuradha S Deshpande

6. Analytical Calculation and Result Table

Sr IR IR IR IY IY IY IB IB IB Remark
No Exp Ana Gra Exp Ana Gra Exp Ana Gra
1 1.9 1.82 1.8 1.9 1.83 1.9 1.9 1.83 1.9 Balanced Load

2 4.4 4.45 4.4 3.2 3.3 3.1 2.4 2.11 2.2 Unbalanced
Load
1/2 Ipt>IPm
3 2 1.91 1.9 3.6 3.61 3.65 4.2 4.4 4.1 Unbalanced
Load
1/2 Ipt<IPm

7. Conclusion:
Paper has proved that no load current does influence the currents , , calcu-
lation.
It has established calculation of , , for three phase to two phase con-
version for balanced and unbalanced load. Paper proves that , , are experi-
mentally, analytically and graphically same, using the new mathematical tool of Scott
connection.

Acknowledgement
I am thankful to department of Electrical Engineering for giving me an opportunity to
teach a course on Basic Electrical Technology under which the topic is covered.

References:

Book Reference

[1] P.S.Bhimra,”Electrical Machines”,Khanna Publishers

[2] B.L.Theraja& A.K.Theraja,"A Textbook of Electrical Technology, S Chand &
Company Ltd,(2008)

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