VERSION 4

ENGGEN 140

THE UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND

SEMESTER ONE, 2023

Campus: City

ENGINEERING GENERAL MOCK TEST

Fundamentals of Engineering in Society

(Time allowed: SIXTY minutes)

NOTE: Please mark your answers on the included teleform. Ensure the version number
on this test paper matches the one printed on your coloured teleform.

Answer ALL questions.

Engineering restricted calculators are permitted.

One double-sided A4 notes sheet is permitted.

A periodic table, chemical data, and unit conversion factors are attached at
the end of the test booklet - you may detach them to refer to during the test.

Marks for this test total 60 (giving 1 mark per minute).

Choose only one answer option per question. If you need to change your
answer, completely erase your previous response.

This test has 22 questions.

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 VERSION 4
ENGGEN 140

SECTION 1: Engineering chemistry

In one of your ENGGEN 140 tutorials, you learned about CaCO3 -based stone formations.
When such stones react with an acid, e.g., acid rain or hydrogen chloride (HCl), they
dissolve into calcium chloride, carbon dioxide and water.

The chemical reaction is described as follows:

CaCO3 (s) + HCl (g) −−→ CaCl2 (s) + CO2 (g) + H2 O (l)

You are intrigued and decide to study the system in more detail.

1. After balancing the chemical reaction, what is the stoichiometric ratio of HCl and
CaCl2 ? (3 marks)

(a) nHCl = 2nCaCl2

(b) nHCl = 0.5nCaCl2
(c) nHCl = nCaCl2
(d) nCaCl2 = 2nHCl
nHCl 1
(e) nCaCl2
= 2

2. The specific ratio of calcium, carbon and oxygen atoms of 1:1:3 in calcium carbonate is
described best by the (1 mark)

(a) Law of fixed proportions

(b) Law of atom conservation
(c) Law of mass conservation
(d) Law of multiple proportions
(e) Law of energy conservation

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 VERSION 4
ENGGEN 140

3. If HCl is used to make a liquid solution in water, with an HCl concentration of 1.49 g/L,
what is the molar volume of HCl(aq)? (1 mark)

(a) 83 mol/L
(b) 12.1 L/mol
(c) 82.7 × 10−3 mol/L
(d) 82.7 × 10−3 L/mol
(e) 7.82 L/mol

4. How many cubic meters of CO2 (g) is generated when you use 0.050 L of HCl solution (c =
‰
2.0 mol/L) in this reaction at standard pressure (SP) and 22 (295.15 K)? (6 marks)

(a) 142 m3
(b) 1.2 × 10−3 m3
(c) 1.2 × 103 m3
(d) 0.142 m3
(e) 2.42 × 10−3 m3

5. You use a vessel of 1.5 litres (0.015 m3 ) capacity to capture the CO2 (g) at ambient
‰
temperature (22 ). Because the vessel’s lid was open, it was already naturally filled
with air.
What is the gas mixture’s approximate total pressure (in kPa) when it contains 3 mol of
CO2 and 1.3 mol of air? (3 marks)

(a) 2–100 kPa

(b) 500–550 kPa
(c) 650–750 kPa
(d) 850–950 kPa
(e) 250–350 kPa

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 VERSION 4
ENGGEN 140

6. You are unsure what pressure the vessel can withstand, and you decide to lower the
pressure of the gas mixture by storing the vessel in a colder place. What environment
would you need to keep the vessel in to reduce the gas mixture’s total pressure from
‰
500 kPa at 22 (295.15 K) to 160 kPa? (3 marks)

(a) In a fridge at ∼ +4 ‰
(b) Covered in liquid nitrogen at ∼ −180 ‰
(c) In a freezer at ∼ −18 ‰
(d) In a cold water bath at ∼ +12 ‰
(e) In an ice bath at ∼ 0 ‰
7. You wonder if you can use the typical gas behaviour of contracting and expanding for
useful work, utilising a piston-cylinder device at constant pressure.
If a piston does 86 J of P V work on the gas to compress it and 230 J of heat are removed
from the system, what is the energy change in the system? (3 marks)

(a) −140 J
(b) −320 J
(c) 320 J
(d) 230 J
(e) −230 J

8. You also wonder about the other reactants and byproducts of the chemical reaction and
turn your attention to the calcium carbonate (CaCO3 ).
Which of the following statements about CaCO3 is TRUE? (2 marks)

(a) Calcium is the polyatomic cation, and carbonate is the polyatomic anion.
(b) Calcium is the cation, and carbonate is the polyatomic anion.
(c) Calcium is the anion, and carbonate is the cation.
(d) Calcium and carbon are both cations, and oxygen is an anion.
(e) Calcium and carbonate form a molecule, not an ionic compound.

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ENGGEN 140

9. What is the molar mass of CaCO3 ? (2 marks)

(a) 84.09 g/mol

(b) 116.09 g/mol
(c) 88.08 g/mol
(d) 100.1 g/mol
(e) 60.01 g/mol

10. What is the enthalpy of reaction of the chemical reaction between CaCO3 (s) and HCl
(g) for four moles of reaction? The standard enthalpies of formation are in the ap-
pendix. (7 marks)
Reminder: CaCO3 (s) + HCl (g) −−→ CaCl2 (s) + CO2 (g) + H2 O (l)

(a) +77 kJ/mol

(b) −83 kJ/mol
(c) +308 kJ/mol
(d) −332 kJ/mol
(e) −308 kJ/mol

◦
11. Assume one mole of reaction between CaCO3 and HCl has a ∆Hrxn = −15.2 kJ/mol.
How many moles of this reaction do you need to release ∼ 300 kJ? (2 marks)

(a) 20.1–20.5 mol

(b) 17.3–17.8 mol
(c) 9–10 mol
(d) 19.1–20 mol
(e) 180.1–190 mol

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 VERSION 4
ENGGEN 140

12. If the reaction generates 300 kJ of electrical energy, which of the following appliances can
you operate for 1 hour using that energy? (2 marks)

(a) Electric stove: 2000–5000 W

(b) Washing machine: 400–1400 W
(c) Laptop: 50 W
(d) Microwave oven: 750–1100 W
(e) Electric kettle: 1100–3000 W

13. How do greenhouse gases contribute to climate change? (2 marks)

(a) By absorbing some solar energy, causing sea level rises and melting of glaciers, antarc-
tic ice shelves and permafrost.
(b) By releasing some of the longwave radiation into space.
(c) By trapping excess heat in the atmosphere, causing a small but significant increase
in the planet’s average temperature.
(d) By trapping excess water molecules in the atmosphere, causing extreme flooding.
(e) By reflecting solar energy from the Earth’s surface, causing droughts, wildfires,
famines and the displacement of people around the globe on an unprecedented scale.

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14. The graph below shows the CO2 concentration in our planet’s atmosphere over the
past 800,000 years. What is the most significant reason for the steep increase after
1950? (1 mark)

(a) Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions

(b) Photosynthesis
(c) Uptake of CO2 by the soil and fossil pools
(d) Natural carbon fluxes through the Earth’s atmosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere
(e) Ocean acidification

15. According to a recently published scientific report, there is a 66 % chance that the planet’s
average temperature will increase by 1.5 ‰ within the next five years. What urgent
collective actions can reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions? (2 marks)

(a) Replacement of diesel-powered public bus fleets with battery-powered busses and
trams.
(b) Nationwide replacement of diesel-fuelled locomotives with an electrified railway sys-
tem to reduce emissions from personal vehicles and freight trucks.
(c) Implementation of large aircraft carriers powered by innovative fuels without green-
house gas emissions.
(d) Development of a sustainable and equitable hydrogen economy.
(e) All options listed.

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 VERSION 4
ENGGEN 140

SECTION 2: Engineering biology

16. Which of the following statements about a living system, when considered from a ther-
modynamic perspective, is/are TRUE? (1 mark)

W Typically open systems.

X Typically equilibrium systems.
Y Discard waste energy as heat.
Z Typically isolated systems.

(a) Only W and Y are true.

(b) Only W is true.
(c) All are true.
(d) None of the options is true.
(e) W, X, and Y are true.

17. Muscle is approximately 24.0% efficient in converting energy from food to mechanical
work (ηtotal ). Estimate how much glucose would be required for a 100.0 kg person to
climb a 5.0 m ladder.
Gravitational acceleration is 9.81 m/s2 , and the energy density of glucose is
16 kJ/g. (4 marks)

(a) 1.3 kg
(b) 330 g
(c) 0.33 g
(d) 1.3 g
(e) 3.3 g

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ENGGEN 140

18. The picture shows a flow-volume loop for the lungs when a patient is breathing in and
out as deeply as they are able. It shows a normal flow-volume loop, and a loop for a
patient with obstructive lung disease (grey). What process is disrupted in the case of
obstructive lung disease and in what way is it disrupted? (3 marks)

(a) Inspiration, the lungs over-inflate.

(b) None of the other options.
(c) Expiration, it is harder to exhale.
(d) Expiration, more air than normal is exhaled.
(e) Inspiration, it is harder to get air into the lungs.

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 VERSION 4
ENGGEN 140

19. Most humidification systems for ventilation recommend use of distilled water, but some
studies have suggested tap water is adequate. Assume tap water is an ideal solution
of water and other components, with a mole fraction of water of 0.950. If atmospheric
pressure is 101325 Pa, and the saturation vapour pressure of water at the temperature
at which you operate your system (313.15 K) is 7358 Pa, what is the the mole fraction of
water in the air (gas phase) of the humidifier? (4 marks)

(a) 0.0500
(b) 0.950
(c) 0.0690
(d) 0.0689
(e) 0.0950

20. Which of the following is a potential risk of using tap water in a clinical humidi-
fier? (2 marks)

(a) The tap water introduces a potential risk of contamination.

(b) Tap water is not able to provide sufficient humidification of air delivered to the
patient.
(c) Tap water is not as readily available in hospital settings.
(d) Using tap water increases the likelihood of condensation in the ventilator’s tubing.
(e) There is no risk from using tap water.

21. The Antoine coefficients for water, with pressure in Pa and temperature in K, are A =
10.20, B = 1731 and C = −39.72. What is the saturation vapour pressure of water at
°
50.00 C? (4 marks)

(a) 123.8 kPa

(b) 12380 Pa
(c) 0.1238 kPa
(d) 123.8 Pa
(e) 1238 Pa

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 VERSION 4
ENGGEN 140

22. You have invented a medical device that could give users feedback on their health using
at home measurements. Which of the following might be ways to determine acceptability
of the product? (2 marks)

W Co-design with key stakeholders.

X Request feedback from users during trials.
Y Base the design on other products on the market.
Z Request feedback from potential users during the design phase.

(a) None of the options.

(b) W, X, and Z.
(c) All of W, X, Y, and Z.
(d) X, Y, and Z.
(e) W and X.

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ATTACHMENT FOLLOWS
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 fundamentals of engineering in society 1

VERSION 4
ATTACHMENT ENGGEN 140

Daggers (†) denote exact conversion factors; all others are reported to a practical level of precision.

Name Symbol SI Non-SI Name Symbol SI Non-SI

equivalent equivalent equivalent equivalent

Length (L)
Mil mil 25.4 µm† 0.001 in.† Yard yd 0.9144 m† 3 ft†
Inch in. 25.4 mm† Mile mi 1.609 km 5280 ft†
Foot ft 0.3048 m† 12 in.†

Area (L2 )
Circular mil cmil 506.7 µm2 π
4 mil2 † Acre acre 4047 m2 43 560 ft2 †
Square inch in2 645.16 mm2 † Hectare ha 10 000 m2†
Square foot ft2 0.0929 m2 144 in2 † Square mile mi2 2.590 km2 640 acre†

Volume (L3 )
Teaspoon tsp 5 cm3† Litre L 1 dm3 †
Tablespoon tbsp 15 cm3† 3 tsp† Gallon gal 3.785 dm3 231 in 3†
(US liquid)
Cubic inch in 3 16.39 cm3 Cubic foot ft3 28.32 dm3 1728 in 3†
Cup (metric) cup 250 cm3† 16 2/3 tbsp† Cubic yard yd3 0.7646 m3 27 ft3 †

Time (T)
Minute min 60 s† Day d 86 400 s† 24 h†
Hour h 3600 s† 60 min† Year (Julian) a 31.56 Ms 365.25 d†

Mass (M)
Pound mass lb 0.4536 kg Short ton ST 907.2 kg 2000 lb†
Stone st 6.350 kg 14 lb† Tonne t 1000 kg†
Slug slug 14.59 kg 32.17 lb

Force or Weight (MLT−2 )

Pound lbf 4.448 N Kilogram kgf 9.807 N
force force

Pressure (ML−1 T−2 )

Millimetre mmHg 133.3 Pa 1 Torr Pound per psi 6.895 kPa
of mercury square inch
Torr Torr 133.3 Pa 1 mmHg Bar bar 100 kPa†
Inch of inH2 O 249.1 Pa Standard atm 101.325 kPa† 760 Torr†
water atmosphere

Energy (ML2 T−2 )

calorie cal 4.184 J† British BTU 1.054 kJ
Foot-pound ft lbf 1.356 J thermal
Kilowatt-hour kWh 3.6 MJ† unit
Calorie Cal 4.184 kJ† 1 kcal†

Page 13 of 16
2 bryan ruddy, andrea kolb, and alys clark

VERSION 4
ATTACHMENT ENGGEN 140

Name Symbol SI Non-SI Name Symbol SI Non-SI

equivalent equivalent equivalent equivalent

Power (ML2 T−3 )

BTU per hour BTU/h 0.2931 W Ton of TR 3.517 kW 12 000 BTU/h†
Horsepower hp 745.7 W 550 ft lbf/s† refrigeration

Temperature (Θ)

Degree ◦C T (◦ C) = T (K) − 273.15†

Celsius T (◦ C) = 95 ( T (◦ F) − 32)†
Degree ◦F T (◦ F) = 95 T (K) − 459.67†
Fahrenheit T (◦ F) = 95 T (◦ C) + 32†

Name Symbol SI value Non-SI value

Fundamental constants
J L atm
Gas constant R 8.314 mol K 0.082057 mol K

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ATTACHMENT ENGGEN 140

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VERSION 4
ATTACHMENT ENGGEN 140

Molar masses

Substance M / g mol−1
CaCO3 To be calculated
HCl 36.458
CaCl2 110.98
CO 44.01
Standard Enthalpies of Formation
2

H2 O 18.02

Standard enthalpies of formation

Substance ΔH°f (kJ/mol) Substance ΔH°f (kJ/mol) Substance ΔH°f (kJ/mol)

AgCl(s) -127.0 CaSO4(s) -1434.5 N2H4(g) +95.4
Al2O3(s) -1675.7 Fe2O3(s) -824.2 N2H4(l) +50.6
CHCl3(g) -103.2 HBr(g) -36.4 N2O(g) +82.1
CH2Cl2(g) -95.5 HCl(g) -92.3 N2O4(g) +9.1
CH2O(g) -115.9 HF(g) -272.6 N2O5(g) +11.3
CH3Cl(g) -83.7 HC2H3O2(l) -483.5 NaCl(s) -411.1
CH3OH(l) -238.4 H2O(g) -241.8 NaHCO3(s) -950.8
CH4(g) -74.9 H2O(l) -285.8 NaOH(s) -425.8
CO(g) -110.5 H2O2(l) -187.8 Na2CO3(s) -1130.8
CO2(g) -393.5 H2S(g) -20.5 O(g) +249.2
C2H2(g) +226.7 H2SO4(l) -814.0 O3(g) +142.7
C2H4(g) +52.5 KCl(s) -436.7 PCl3(g) -288.7
C2H6(g) -84.0 K2SO4(s) -1437.7 PCl5(g) -374.9
C2H5OH(l) -276.0 MgCl2(s) -641.6 PbO(s) -219.4
C3H5N3O9(l) -370.0 MgO(s) -601.2 PbS(s) -98.3

C6H6(l) +49.0 MgCO3(s) -1111.7 SF6(g) -1220.5
1
CaCO3(s) -1207.6 NH3(g) -45.9 SO2(g) -296.8
CaCl2(s) -795.8 NH4Cl(s) -314.6 SO3(g) -395.8
CaO(s) -635.1 NO(g) +90.3
Ca(OH)2(s) -986.1 NO2(g) +33.1

1
calcite

All standard state, 25 °C and 1 bar (written to 1 decimal place).

P.J. Linstrom and W.G. Mallard, Eds, NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database
Number 69, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg MD, 20899,
Page 16 of 16
http://webbook.nist.gov, (retrieved March 9, 2011).

Lide, David R., Ed., Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th ed., CRC Press: Boca Raton FL, 2003, 5-1 to