Module 1

Nature & Functions of Arts

 “The loneliest man
who walks on earth is
not the one who goes
to bed hungry but,
who when confronted
by beauty remains
untouched”
I. What kind of
studies
is the arts?
Arts is …

AESTHETICS
A branch of philosophy dealing
with beauty and the beautiful
especially with judgments of
taste concerning them.
Art is…

The SCIENCE of sensuous

knowledge whose goal is beauty

Deals with exact principles about

beauty (proportion, balance, rhythm
etc)
 Amber Heard
According to reports,
Amber Heard’s face was
found to be 91.85 per
cent accurate to the
Greek Golden Ratio of
Beauty Phi.
KIM KARDASHIAN

-2nd Most beautiful face

- Perfect eyebrows
Amber Heard & Kim Kardahishian
World’s most perfect face..

• The 56-year-old actor's

features were found to be
91.86 per cent accurate to the
Greek Golden Ratio of Beauty
Phi - which for thousands of
years was thought to hold the
secret formula of perfection.
 SEXIEST MAN ALIVE

• In the early 1990s, Newsweek used

Denzel Washington as their primary
example as perfection for beauty
according to symmetry. According
to the article "Biological Basis of the
Perceptions of Beauty," symmetry
in one's face is what makes one
attractive.
 Art is also a science whose subject matter is
the description and explanation of the arts,
artistic phenomenon and aesthetic experience
that includes psychology, sociology and
history of the arts and essentially related
aspects such as marketing, business etc.
 II- Why do people
study
arts/beautification?
A man should hear a little music, read a
little poetry, and see a fine picture every
day of his life, in order that worldly
cares may not obliterate the sense of the
beautiful which God has implanted in
the human soul.
~Johann Wolfgang von Goethe ~
 Man is basically GOOD
(Confucianism)

…It is man’s nature to love the GOOD.

..He will always be attracted to the beautiful.
1. Aesthetic function
Expresses beauty in many ways.
2. Didactic function
A teaching aid; meant both to entertain and to instruct.

“There comes a time when we hear a

certain call,
when the world will come together as
one ..

We are the world, we are the children,

we are the ones who make a better
world so let’s start giving!”
3. Communicative function
Conveys ideas and beliefs.
4. Practical function
For everyday use.
5. Psychological function
Evokes and conveys emotions and feelings.
6. Religious function
Used for worship.
7. Social and Political function
Symbol of people’s unity.
IV- Who brings/create beauty in the world?
 An artist is a person
engaged in one or more
of any of a broad Who is an
spectrum of activities ARTIST?
related to creating art,
practicing the arts and/or
demonstrating an art.
 The love of beauty in its multiple
forms is the noblest gift of the human
cerebrum.

~Alexis Carrel
 An artisan (from French:
artisan, Italian: artigiano)
is a skilled craft worker Who is an
who makes or creates ARTISAN?
material objects partly or
entirely by hand.
 These objects may be functional or
strictly decorative, for example
furniture, decorative art, sculpture,
clothing, jewellery, food items, Who is an
household items and tools and ARTISTAN?
mechanisms such as the
handmade clockwork movement of
a watchmaker.
 A curator (from Latin: cura,
meaning "to take care") is a
manager or overseer. Traditionally,
a curator or keeper of a cultural Who is a
heritage institution.
CURATOR?
(e.g., gallery, museum, library or archive) is
a content specialist charged with an
institution's collections and involved with
the interpretation of heritage material
including historical artifact
1. Art is a CREATION

An act of re-ordering or combining of

already existing materials to form a
new object. This involves planning,
creativity and cooperation.
2. Art is an EXPRESSION /
COMMUNICATION

An artist way of communicating; his

emotions, values and hidden
realities.
3. Art is an EXPERIENCE

What an artist gains after

having been involved or
exposed to certain realities in
life.
This involves experience,
expression and gratification.
4. Art is ARTIFICIAL
A duplication of the natural world

NATURE: Natural, evanescent,

disorderly, subject of art

ART : Artificial, unrepeatable, could

improved, object of art
 Sensory Intellectual
Response Response

Stimulates the senses Stimulates the mind

ART APPRECIATION
 Module 2_Subtopic 1

SUBJECT/S IN ART
 It refers to PERSONS, OBJECTS, SCENE, EVENTS
described or presented in an art.

2 TYPES OF SUBJECTS:
1. Representational / Objective Arts
- Arts with subject

2. Non-Representational / Non-Objective Arts

- Arts without subject
Landscapes
Animals
Still Life
Portrait
Everyday Life
History
Legend
Myth
Religion
Figures
Dreams and Fantasies
SUBJECT:
 It refers to the object in the art.

CONTENT:
 It refers to the meaning of the art.
1. Factual – the literal meaning.
2. Social / Conventional / Cultural – has meaning for a
group of people.
3. Subjective / Personal – with personal meaning to the artist.
Art Appreciation
 Module 3_Subtopic 1
Mediums of Art
 Refers to the MATERIALS or MEANS which the artist
uses to objectify his feelings or thought (eg. pigment in
painting; stone, wood, metal in sculpture; various
building materials in sculpture; sound in music; words
in literature; body movements in dance.
1. The Visual or Space Arts

Those whose mediums can be seen and which occupy

space
2 Categories of Visual Arts:

a. the two dimensional art

-painting,drawing,photography

b. the three- dimensional art

-sculpture, architecture, landscaping,
crafts like, furniture making
Oil painting is the process of
painting with pigments that
are bound with a medium of
drying oil.
Ink paintings are done with a
liquid that contains pigments
and/or dyes and is used to
color a surface to produce an
image, text, or design.
Watercolor is a painting
method in which the paints
are made of pigments
suspended in a water
soluble vehicle.
Acrylic paint is fast drying
paint containing pigment
suspension in acrylic polymer
emulsion.
Sculpture produced by
molding.
A sculpture made using a
waxy substance.
A form of working wood by
means of a cutting tool (knife)
in one hand or a chisel by two
hands or with one hand on a
chisel and one hand on a
mallet, resulting in a wooden
figure or figurine.
Modern works of art,
typically one-off creations,
which are substantially or
wholly made of glass.
Involves physical
manipulation of a plastic
medium by molding or
modeling such as sculpture
or ceramics.
2. The Auditory Arts

Those whose medium can be

heard and which are
expressed in time
(eg. music and literature)
VIOLIN

The violin, also known as

a fiddle, is a string instrument,
usually with four strings tuned
in perfect fifths.
VIOLA

The viola is slightly larger

than a violin in size and has a
lower and deeper sound than
a violin.
VIOLONCELLO

Violoncello is used as a
solo musical instrument, as
well as in chamber
music ensembles, string
orchestras.
DOUBLE BASS

It is the largest and lowest-

pitched bowed string
instrument of the viol family in
the modern symphony orchestra
HARP

It’s different from the other

stringed instruments. It's tall,
about six feet, shaped a little like
the number 7, and has 47 strings
of varying lengths, which are
tuned to the notes of the white
keys of the piano.
LYRE

A stringed instrument of the harp

class having an approximately
U-shaped frame and used by the
ancient Greeks especially to
accompany song and recitation
PICCOLO

Piccolo is a half-size flute, and a

member of the woodwind family
of musical instruments.
FLUTE

It is an aerophone or reedless
wind instrument that produces its
sound from the flow of air across
an opening.
OBOE

Oboe is a family of double

reed woodwind musical
instruments. The standard oboe
plays in the treble or soprano
range.
ENGLISH HORN

English horn or cor anglais is

a transposing instrument pitched
in F, a perfect fifth lower than
the oboe (a C instrument).
CLARINET

a family of woodwind instruments. It

has a single-reed mouthpiece, a
straight, cylindrical tube with an
almost cylindrical bore, and a flared
bell.
SNARE DRUM

Snare drum or side drum is use

in orchestras, concert bands,
marching bands, parades, drum
lines, drum corps, and more.
TIMPANI

Timpani, or kettledrums consist

of a skin called a head stretched
over a large bowl traditionally
made of copper.
TRIANGLE

The triangle is a bar of metal,

usually steel but sometimes other
metals like beryllium copper, bent
into a triangle shape.
XYLOPHONE

A musical instrument in the

percussion family. Each bar is
an idiophone tuned to a pitch of
a musical scale
TRUMPET

Trumpet is the highest register in

the brass family. They are played
by blowing air through closed
lips, producing a "buzzing"
sound.
CORNET

The cornet is a brass

instrument very similar to
the trumpet, distinguished by its
conical bore, compact shape,
and mellower tone quality.
TROMBONE

Trombone produced sounds

when the player’s vibrating lips
(embouchure) cause the air
column inside the instrument to
vibrate.
FRENCH HORN

The French horn (commonly

known simply as the horn) is
a brass instrument made of
tubing more than 20 feet (6.1 m)
long, wrapped into a coil with a
flared bell.
3. The Combined Arts

Those whose medium can be both

seen and heard, and which exist in
both space and time ( eg. The
dance, the drama, then opera, and
the movies) – along with music –
these are called the PERFORMING
ARTS
 Module 3_Subtopic 2

STYLES IN ART
 Art Style - the combination of distinctive features of
literary or artistic expression, execution, or performance
characterizing a particular person, group, school, or era.

 Art Technique - the method of procedure (with reference

to practical or formal details), or way of using basic skills,
in rendering an artistic work or carrying out a scientific or
mechanical operation.
 “Abstract” means “to move away or separate”. Abstract
art move from showing things as they really are. The
artist shows his personal feelings or ideas about it.

 Abstract art, also called nonobjective art or

nonrepresentational art, painting, sculpture, or
graphic art in which the portrayal of things from the
visible world plays no part.
ABSTRACTION
 Any change made by an artist to the size, shape or visual
character of a form to express an idea, convey a feeling or
enhance visual impact.

 It involves stretching, lengthening, shortening, squeezing,

melting and twisting an object from its original appearance
to a new, strange, surreal appearance.
DISTORTION
 It refers to paintings that feature figures that are painted
with their forms elongated much more than they are in
reality.

 Elongation is a form of abstract art that often depicts the

stretched forms of people or objects in nature.
ELONGATION
 Art that mutilates by cutting, slashing, or crushing to injure
severely, disfigure, ruin or spoil a subject.
MANGLING
 Highly influential visual arts style of the 20th century that was
created principally by the artists Pablo Picasso and Georges
Braque in Paris between 1907 and 1914.
 The Cubist style emphasized the flat, two-dimensional surface of
the picture plane, rejecting the traditional techniques
of perspective, foreshortening, modeling, and chiaroscuro, and
refuting time-honoured theories that art should imitate nature.
 Cubist painters were not bound to copying form, texture, colour,
and space; instead, they presented a new reality in paintings that
depicted radically fragmented objects.
CUBISM
 Symbolism was a late 19th century movement whose artists
communicated ideas through symbols instead of bluntly
depicting reality.

 It was created as a reaction to art movements that depicted the

natural world realistically, such as Impressionism, Realism, and
Naturalism.
SYMBOLISM

The Wounded Angel, 1903 The Dance of Life, 1900

 It is a style of painting that flourished in France around the turn of
the 20th century.

 Fauve artists used pure, brilliant colour aggressively applied

straight from the paint tubes to create a sense of an explosion on
the canvas.
FAUVISM
 Dada, nihilistic and antiaesthetic movement in the arts that
flourished primarily in Zürich, Switzerland; New York
City; Berlin, Cologne, and Hannover, Germany; and Paris in the
early 20th century.
 Developed in response to the horrors of WW1, the dada
movement rejected reason, rationality and order of the emerging
capitalist society, instead favoring chaos, nonsense and anti-
bourgeois sentiment.
DADAISM

Fountain, 1917
 Early 20th-century artistic movement centred in Italy that
emphasized the dynamism, speed, energy, and power of the
machine and the vitality, change, and restlessness of modern
life.
 Futurism was first announced on February 20, 1909, when the
Paris newspaper Le Figaro published a manifesto by the Italian
poet and editor Filippo Tommaso Marinetti.
 Marinetti coined the word Futurism to reflect his goal of
discarding the art of the past and celebrating change, originality,
and innovation in culture and society.
FUTURISM

Italian Futurism, 1909–1944: Reconstructing the Universe

 A movement in visual art and literature, flourishing
in Europe between World Wars I and II.

 The movement represented a reaction against what its members

saw as the destruction wrought by the “rationalism” that had
guided European culture and politics in the past and that had
culminated in the horrors of World War I.
SURREALISM
 It’s an artistic style in which the artist seeks to depict not
objective reality but rather the subjective emotions and
responses that objects and events arouse within a person.

 The artist accomplishes this aim through distortion,

exaggeration, primitivism, and fantasy and through the vivid,
jarring, violent, or dynamic application of formal elements.
EXPRESSIONISM
 It’s a major movement, first in painting and later in music, that
developed chiefly in France during the late 19th and early 20th
centuries.

 The most conspicuous characteristic of Impressionism in

painting was an attempt to accurately and objectively record
visual reality in terms of transient effects of light and colour. In
music, it was to convey an idea or affect through a wash of
sound rather than a strict formal structure.
IMPRESSIONISM

Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette, 1876 Monet, Claude: Poppies, 1873

 Georges Seurat was the founder of the 19th-century French
school of Neo-Impressionism whose technique for portraying the
play of light using tiny brushstrokes of contrasting colours
became known as Pointillism.

 Using this technique, he created huge compositions with tiny,

detached strokes of pure colour too small to be distinguished
when looking at the entire work but making his paintings
shimmer with brilliance.
POINTILLISIM
Sometimes called naturalism, it is the attempt to
represent subject matter truthfully, without artificiality and
avoiding artistic conventions, or implausible, exotic, and
supernatural elements.

Realism has been prevalent in the arts at many periods,

and can be in large part a matter of technique and
training, and the avoidance of stylization.
REALISM
Art emphasizing on antiquity and formality.
Use of heavy ornaments, design and movements
Art that highlights drama in human life.
Style of decorative art and design prominent in western Europe and the US
from about 1890 until World War I characterized by intricate linear designs
and flowing curves based on natural form.
Art Appreciation
 Module 4_Subtopic 1

THE ELEMENTS OF DESIGN

 The elements of art are the building blocks of all art.
Every piece of art ever created includes one or more of
these elements. All art, whether two-dimensional like a
painting or three-dimensional like a sculpture, contains
one or more of the seven elements of art.
 These elements are:

LINE COLOR SHAPE FORM

VALUE SPACE TEXTURE

It is a mark made upon a surface. In order to be a line, the mark's
length must be longer than its width. There are many different
types of lines, including horizontal, vertical, wavy, diagonal, and
more.
Types of lines:
Diagonal, vertical, horizontal
Qualities of lines:
Jagged, curved, straight, dotted, thick, thin,
broken, dark, light
Enclosed lines; areas of enclosed space that are two-
dimensional. These are flat, and can only have height and width.

Two different categories of shapes:

 Geometric shapes are mathematical, like circles and
squares.
 Organic shapes come from nature, like clouds and leaves.
This collage by Henri Matisse
uses a collection of organic
shapes.
SHAPE

Shapes can be organic or geometric. This artist used

both types of shapes.
Many artists use color to make their work stand out. Knowing how
to mix colors is essential and using the color wheel helps us to
learn to mix them:
Primary colors- red, blue, yellow…the “first”
colors
Secondary colors- orange, green, violet….mix
these by combining the primaries.
Intermediate colors- red-violet, blue-violet, red-
orange, yellow-orange, blue-green, yellow-
green….these are made by mixing the primary
and secondary colors together.
RED
Color of the blood

Color of passion,
rage, aggression
Yellow Orange
Color of the fruits

= Color of the
appetite/delicious
Blue
Color of the sky

= Peace, calmness
and infinity
Green
The color of the
field

= Fresh/Refreshing
 YELLOW

Color of the sun

= Cheerfulness,
happiness
It is the three-dimensional
version of shape. An Artwork
that has the art element of
form can be viewed from
different angles, and is not flat.
Forms have height and width,
but they also have depth. It
can be hard-edged like a cube
or more free-flowing.
Architecture Sculpture
It is the way something feels or looks like it feels; artists can
create the illusion of texture (called visual texture) or they can
actually create physical texture (called actual texture):

visual texture actual texture

The area that an artist creates in an artwork; the artist places things
in a way to use space wisely like using positive or negative space to
make the work interesting:
POSITIVE
SPACE…THE
SPACE TAKEN UP
BY THE OBJECT

LOOK AT THIS NEGATIVE

SPACE BEING USED
AROUND THE POSITIVE
SPACE
Space can also be used to make an artwork look as if it has
depth. The following are ways to create depth in a picture:

Placement
-objects are placed higher on the page to
make them appear further

Linear perspective
-objects are drawn which seem to disappear
toward a vanishing point

Overlapping
-placing one object in front of another
to make one appear closer
It refers to the lightness and darkness of areas in an artwork.
White is the lightest value, while black is the darkest. A value
scale shows a range of lights and darks.

LIGHT VALUES OF BLUE

DARK VALUES OF BLUE

 Module 4_Subtopic 2

PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
 The principles of design are basically how we use the
elements of design. In other words, the rules/principles
that artists use to organize the elements (line, shape,
color, form, texture, space, and value) to make an
artwork look good.
The focal point in an artwork; what catches your attention
first in a work.

she is surrounded by a lot of empty

space, so that your eyes are drawn to
her….this is a technique that artists use
when they want you to focus on a main
area in an artwork
When you use things in a work that are very different from each
other like dark and light.

Notice the dark colors in the

foreground and the light in
the background.

Artists use contrast to catch attention;

often to make a work seem dramatic
Repeating shapes, lines, This artist used repeating
stars to surround the
objects in a work to make it center of interest. It adds
interesting. interest to the work.

It works with pattern to make

the work of art seem active.
The repetition of elements of
design creates unity within
the work of art.
It is created when one or more
elements of design are used
repeatedly to create a feeling of
organized movement. It creates a
mood like music or dancing. To keep
rhythm exciting and active, variety is
essential.

Artists can use rhythm to make your This artist repeated objects over and
over to create a rhythm to lead your eye
eye flow across the page. across the work
It is the distribution of the visual weight of objects, colors, texture, and space.
Artworks need balance so that the subject matter doesn’t seem too heavy on
one side

This work is balanced with symmetry If the design was a scale, these
(same on each side) elements should be balanced to make a
design feel stable.
It’s the path the viewer’s eye
takes through the work of
art, often to focal areas.

Such movement can be

directed along lines, edges,
shape, and color within the
In this painting, the artist
work of art. moves your eyes from the
front of the work with the
place settings toward the
back of the work to the girl in
the chair.
It’s the use of several elements of
design to hold the viewer’s attention
and to guide the viewer’s eye
through and around the work of art.

Artists don’t want their paintings to

be boring, so they often use a Notice the variety of
variety of sizes, shapes, colors, etc. shapes (large, small,
to make their works interesting. square, circular) and
lines in this work.
ART APPRECIATION
 Module 5

PAINTING
 It is the practice of
applying paint, pigment, color or
other medium to a solid surface
(called the matrix or support)

 The medium is commonly

applied to the base with a brush,
but other implements, such as
knives, sponges, and airbrushes,
can be used.
ELEMENTS OF PAINTING
Artists use various
types of lines
(diagonal, curved,
vertical, and
horizontal) to
express ideas and
feelings in their
paintings.
An artist uses shapes
to express ideas. When
arranged close together
they help add energy to
a painting.
Artists use colors to
convey feelings and
moods within their
painting. They can
create a cheerful mood
by placing bright
colors next to each
other.
There are three distances to
look for in a painting. The
part of the painting closest
to the viewer is called the
foreground. The middle
ground is the part between
the foreground and the part
which is farthest away is
called the background
The composition
helps to draw the
viewer's eyes into the
picture and guides
him/her as he/she
walks through the
painting.
Perspective
makes a flat
picture look 3-
dimensional and
have depth.
Depth can be defined
as the illusion of
distance or a third
dimension.
Space refers to
distances or
areas around,
between or within
components of a
piece.
1. MURAL

A mural is any piece of artwork

painted or applied directly on a
wall, ceiling or other large
permanent surface.
2. FRESCO

Fresco is a technique of mural

painting executed upon freshly-laid,
or wet lime plaster
3. STAINED GLASS

The term stained glass can

refer to colored glass as a
material or to works created
from it.
4. MOSAIC

Mosaic is the art of creating

images made of small, flat,
roughly square, pieces of stone
or glass of different colors,
known as tesserae.
5. PANEL

A panel painting is made on a flat

panel made of wood, either a
single piece, or a number of pieces
joined together.
6. BOOK

A fore-edge painting is a scene

painted on the edges of the pages
of a book. There are two basic
forms, including paintings on edges
that have been fanned and edges
that are closed.
Spattering is a technique where
the paint is being sprayed or
flicked onto the surface of a
painting using either a paint
brush, toothbrush or a spray
diffuser.
The drybrush technique can
be achieved with both water-
based and oil-based media.

In dry brush, the artist uses a

brush that is slightly damp
and paint that is thicker than
normal.
Wash is a term for a
visual arts technique
resulting in a semi-
transparent layer of
color.
Masking materials
supplement a painter's
dexterity and choice of
applicator to control
where paint is laid.
Wet-on-wet is a painting
technique, used mostly in
oil painting, in which
layers of wet paint are
applied to previous layers
of wet paint.
Sfumato is one of the four
canonical painting modes of the
Renaissance. It comes from the
Italian "sfumare“ which means
“to tone down” or “to evaporate
like smoke”.
Impasto is a technique used
in painting, where paint is
laid on an area of the
surface (or the entire
canvas) very thickly, usually
thickly enough that the
brush or painting-knife
strokes are visible.
.
Gouache is a type of paint
consisting of pigment, a
binding agent and
sometimes added inert
material, designed to be
used in an opaque method.
DEVELOPMENT OF
PAINTING
PREHISTORIC ART
Lascaux
Cave
France
Title: Horse with Arrows
Date discovered: 1940
Location: Lascaux cave in
france
Trivia:
Lascaux is famous for its Palaeolithic cave
paintings, found in a complex of caves in
the Dordogne region of southwestern
France, because of their exceptional
quality, size, sophistication and antiquity.
Estimated to be up to 20,000 years old, the
paintings consist primarily of large animals,
once native to the region. Lascaux is
located in the Vézère Valley where many
other decorated caves have been found
since the beginning of the 20th century.
Cave Painting: Hall of the Bulls
Lascaux Caves (c.17,000 BCE)

One of the great ancient galleries

in the history of art.
Ancient Eastern Paintings
•
•

•
•

•
One of his Famous Painting

• This painting, dated between the 6th and

8th century AD.
• It illustrates nine stories from a political
satire about Empress Jia Nanfeng written
by Zhang Hua (ca. 232-302). Beginning in the
eighth century, many collectors and
emperors left seals, poems, and comments
on the scroll.
• The Admonitions scroll was stored in the
emperor's treasure until it was looted by the
British army in the Boxer Uprising in 1900.
• Now it is in the British Museum
collection, missing the first three scenes.
• Zhang Zeduan, alias Zheng Dao
• Date of birth and death (1085-
1145 AD)
• He was a famous Chinese
painter during the twelfth
century.
• There is evidence that he was a
court painter of the Northern
Song Dynasty, and that in the
aftermath of that dynasty's fall,
his paintings were criticisms of
the new dynasty.
“Along the River During Qing Ming Festival”
•

•
“Night Shining Horse”
• Painted by Han Gan
• Tang Dynasty
• AD 750
• Handscroll; ink on
paper
• Favorite charger of the
emperor Xuanzong ( AD
712-756)
“Bamboo in the wind”
• Painted by Wu Zhen
(1280-1354)
• Yuan Dynasty
• Created at 1350
• Calligraphy
• Hanging scroll ; ink on
paper
 Nessos Painter’s
vase
Museum: Athens, National
Archaeological
Size: 1.22m
Function: funerary
Technique: black-figure
Style: Early black-figure
Date: late 7th c
Subjects: Herakles fights Nessos;
two Gorgons flee Perseus. A third,
already decapitated, falls forward. The
speed of the Gorgons' escape is
indicated by their tightly flexed limbs
and by dolphins – indicating the sea –
swimming in the opposite direction .
Name: Apelles
Birth and Death: c 352 - 308 BC
Place of Origin: Colophon in Ionia
Family/Marriage:
Education/Career: Ephorus
of Ephesus, Pamphilus at Sicyon
Remarkable Artstyle: Realism
Famous Masterpieces: Venus Anadyomene,
Alexander wielding a thunderbolt
Famous Achievement: Became court painter of
Macedon
Trivia:He dated Apelles to the
112th Olympiad (332–329 BC), possibly because
he had produced a portrait of Alexander the Great.
 Title: Aphrodite Anadyomene
( "Venus Rising From the Sea“)
Venus Rising From the Sea Date/Place of creation: before 79
CE
New location: Now lost
Medium:
Price: ---
Interpretation: The idea
of Aphrodite Rising from the
Sea was inspired by Phryne who
during the time of the festivals of
the Eleusinia and Poseidonia had
no problem swimming nude in the
sea.
Trivia: He used a former mistress
of Alexander, Campaspe, as his
model for Aphrodite.
 MIDDLE AGE PERIOD
A. EARLY CHRISTIAN PERIOD
ORANS/ORANTE
FIGURES &
CATACOMBS CETURICAL PARTS
 ORANS

An early Christian painting of Noah in the gesture of

orants
Other pictures of Orans
Orante figure from the
Person in Catacomb of Priscilla,
prayer (orantes) Cubicle of the Velata,
and a dove with Rome (second half of
the third century).This
an olive branch
pose of arms lifted in
in its mouth. prayer is found in
thousands of figures in
the catacombs,
representing a soul at
peace in paradise.
Christ was often
depicted
symbolically as the Christian symbols of two fish
Good Shepherd. and what appears to be a
Paintings of Jesus trident, which was probably a
didn't appear until disguise for the cross symbol, Orante della
about the Fifth which might identify the catacomba di
Century. person as a Christian and via Anapo a
Catacombs. subject his family to Roma
persecution. Catacombs.
B. BYZANTINE PERIOD
Bencivieni di Pepo
• NICKNAME: CIMABUE
• OCCUPATION: painter and
mosaicist
• BIRTH DATE: 1250
• DEATH DATE: 1302
• PLACE OF BIRTH: Italy
Trivia:

Last great Italian artist in the

Byzantine style dominated
early medieval painting in Italy
surviving works are the
frescoes of New Testament
Title: Crucifix
• Date of Creation:
between 1268 and 1271
• Placeof Creation: Basilica di Santa Croce,
Florence.
• Current location: Basilica di Santa
Croce, Florence
• Medium:tempera on wood
• Price: $670.00
• Title:The Madonna in Majesty

• Date of Creation:
between 1285-1286

• Placeof Creation: Florence

• Current location: UFFIZI

GALLERY

• Medium:Tempera on panel

• Price: $775.00
C. ROMANESQUE PERIOD

Master of Taüll (or Master of Tahull) is

considered the greatest mural painter of the
12th century in Catalonia (northeastern
Spain), as well as one of the most important
Romanesque painters in Europe. His main
work is the church of Sant Climent de Taüll,
with the famous apse painting now moved
to the Museu Nacional d'Art de
Catalunya in Barcelona.
D. GOTHIC PERIOD
Name : Giotto di Bondone
Birth and Death: 1266 - 1337
Place of Origin: Village of Vespignano, near Florence
Family/ Marriage:He was the son of a small landed
farmer. Giorgio Vasari. Married with six children
Education/Career: Focusing almost exclusively on
frescoes
Remarkable Artstyle: Gothic and Italo-Byzantine
Famous Masterpieces: Noli me tangere, The Last
Supper, Madonna and Child
Famous Achievements: Architect, sculptor, and painter
of the early Renaissance
Trivia:He was considered to be the most influential and
also greatest painter from Italy before the
Renaissance.
Title: Ognissanti Madonna

Date/ Place of creation: c. 1310

New location: Uffizi Gallery, Florence
Medium: Tempera
Price: ---
Interpretation: Originally painted for the
Ognissanti Franciscan church in Florence
Trivia: Giotto's Madonna Enthroned was
designed for the high altar.
 RENAISSANCE PERIOD
BEST SCHOOLS OF ART IN ITALY
FLORENTINE, SIENESE AND VENETIAN SCHOOL OF ARTS
Leonardo Da Vinci

• Born: April 15,1452

Vinci, Republic of Florence
(Italy)
• Died: May 2,1519 Amboise,
kingdom of France
• Known for: Diverse fields of the
arts and sciences
• Movement: High Renaissance
• Married: No
 Mona Lisa

• Year created:1503-1506
• Medium: Oil in Poplar
• Dimension: 30x21in
• Location: Musee du louvre, Paris
• Price: $760M
• Interpretation: Self-portrait of
Da Vinci
Salvator Mundi
• Year created:1490-1519
• Medium: Oil on Walnut
• Dimension: 25.8x17.9in
• Location: Private Collection, New
York City
• Price:$75-80M
• Interpretation: Titled Salvator
Mundi (Savior of the World) and
dating around 1500, the newly
discovered masterpiece depicts a
half-length figure of Christ facing
frontally, holding a crystal orb in his
left hand as he raises his right in
blessing.
Michelangelo Buonarroti
•Birth: March 6, 1475
•Death: 18 February 1564
•Origin/Birthplace: Caprese, Italy
•Career/Job aside being a painter: Architect and Sculptor
•Education: Michelangelo's father sent him to study
grammar with the humanist Francesco da Urbino in
Florence as a young boy. The young artist, however,
showed no interest in school, preferring instead to copy
paintings from churches and seek the company of
painters.
•Achievement: His greatest glory was painting the Sistine
Chapel, began in 1508, and was completed in 1512.
•Most remarkable and Unique style: Michelangelo's most
remarkable innovations is his elimination of a frame.
•Family Life: He never married but, Michelangelo was
devoted to a pious and noble widow named Vittoria
Colonna, the subject and recipient of many of his more
than 300 poems and sonnets.
•Trivia: Do you know that he is homosexual.
CREATION OF
ADAM
•Time of creation: 1511–1512
•Place of creation: Sistine Chapel's ceiling
•New location: Sistine Chapel's ceiling
•Price: Priceless
•Interpretation: God is depicted as an elderly white-
bearded man wrapped in a swirling cloak while Adam,
on the lower left, is completely nude. God's right arm is
outstretched to impart the spark of life from his own
finger into that of Adam, whose left arm is extended in
a pose mirroring God's, a reminder that man is created
in the image and likeness of God.

•Medium: Fresco
•Trivia: Michelangelo wanted nothing to do with the
Sistine Chapel’s ceiling.
THE LAST
JUDGEMENT
•Time of creation: 1536-1541
•Place of creation: Sistine Chapel in Vatican City
•New location: Sistine Chapel in Vatican City
•Price: Priceless
•Interpretation:The work depicts the second coming of
Christ and, although the artist is clearly inspired by the
Bible, it is his own imaginative vision that prevails in
this painting.
•Medium: Fresco
•Trivia: Working on the Sistine Chapel was so
unpleasant that Michelangelo wrote a poem about his
misery.
THE TORMENT
OF SAINT
ANTHONY
• Trivia: the earliest known
painting by Michelangelo,
painted after an engraving by
Martin Schongauer when he was
only 12 or 13 years old.
RAPHAEL
SANZIO
BAROQUE
PERIOD
1600s
ANNIBALE CARRACCI
• Born: November 3, 1560, Bologna, Italy
• Died: July 15, 1609, Rome, Italy
• Career: During the 1580s, the Carracci were painting the most
radical and innovative pictures in Europe. Annibale not only
drew from nature, he created a new, broken brushwork to
capture movement. and the effects of light on form.
• Achievements/Recognition: Annibale Carracci was the most
admired painter of his time and the vital force in the creation
of Baroque style
• Most remarkable & unique style: There are marked changes
in the evolution of Carracci's style, but certain fundamental
characteristics persist throughout: an emphasis on naturalism,
rich color, an appeal to the emotions and what has been
described as a heroic idealism.
• Trivia: A quiet, introverted man, his conspicuous lack of torrid
love affairs, salacious scandals, or violent behavior have lead
to his gradual disappearance on the horizon of famous artists.
DOMINE QUO VADIS?
Time of creation: 1601-1602
How long it took to paint it: 1 year
Place of creation: Rome, Italy
Location: National Gallery , London
Interpretation: The work depicts a scene featured in the apocryphal
Acts of Peter. Saint Peter, while fleeing Rome on the Via Appia, meets
Christ, who is walking toward the city. Peter asks him, Domine, quo
vadis? ("Lord, where are you going?"). His Lord replies, Eo Romam
iterum crucifigi, (I am going to Rome to be crucified again."), by which
Peter understands that he (Peter) must return to the city to face
the martyrdom God intended for him.
Medium: Oil on wood
Trivia: A major contest was held in order to provide pictures for the
newly redecorated Church of Our Lady of the People. The most
prestigious artists of the day competed, and the key prize, the picture
over the main altar, was awarded to Annibale Carracci. It is this
picture of the Assumption of the Virgin.
This painting was commissioned by Cardinal Pietro Aldobrandini, who
rewarded the artist with a gold chain.
ASSUMPTION OF THE
VIRGIN (CARRACCI)
Time of creation: 1600-1601
How long it took to paint it: 1 year
Place of creation: Rome, Italy
Location: Cerasi Chapel of the church of Santa Maria del
Popolo of Rome
Interpretation: It is a dramatic picture, filled with movement
and colors. Particularly noteworthy are the reds and blues
which seem to spring out at the viewer as much as the Virgin
herself
Medium: Oil on canvas
Trivia: A major contest was held in order to provide pictures
for the newly redecorated Church of Our Lady of the People.
The most prestigious artists of the day competed, and the key
prize, the picture over the main altar, was awarded to
Annibale Carracci. It is this picture of the Assumption of the
Virgin.
Michelangelo da Caravaggio
• Born - Died: Milan, 28 September 1571 - Porto Ercole, 18 July 1610
• Career: He burst upon the Rome art scene in 1600 with the success of
his first public commissions, the Martyrdom of Saint Matthew and
Calling of Saint Matthew. Thereafter he never lacked commissions or
patrons, yet he handled his success poorly
• Achievements/Recognition: Famous while he lived, Caravaggio was
forgotten almost immediately after his death, and it was only in the
20th century that his importance to the development of Western art
was rediscovered. Despite this, his influence on the new Baroque
style that eventually emerged from the ruins of Mannerism was
profound.
• Most remarkable & unique style: There are marked changes in the
evolution of Carracci's style, but certain fundamental characteristics
persist throughout: an emphasis on naturalism, rich color, an appeal
to the emotions and what has been described as a heroic idealism.
• Trivia: He was jailed on several occasions, vandalized his own
apartment, and ultimately had a death warrant issued for him by the
Pope after on 29 May 1606, he killed, possibly unintentionally, a
young man.
The Calling of Saint Matthew
Time of creation: 1599-1600
How long it took to paint it: 1 year
Place of creation: Rome, Italy
Location: Contarelli Chapel, San Luigi dei Francesi, Rome
Interpretation: The painting depicts the story from
the Gospel of Matthew (Matthew 9:9). Caravaggio
depicts Matthew the tax collector sitting at a table with
four other men. Jesus Christ and Saint Peter have
entered the room, and Jesus is pointing at Matthew. A
beam of light illuminates the faces of the men at the
table who are looking at Christ.
Medium: Oil on canvas
Trivia: Pope Francis has said that he often went to San
Luigi as a young man to contemplate the painting.
Referring both to Christ's outstretched arm and
Matthew's response, Francis said, "This is me, a sinner on
whom the Lord has turned his gaze."
DOUBTING THOMAS DAVID WITH THE
HEAD OF GOLIATH
 NEO
CLASSICISM
1700s
Jacques-Louis David Birth and Death: 30 August 1748 - 29 December
1825, age of 77
Place of Origin: Paris, France
Family/Marriage:
Education/Career: Collège des Quatre-
Nations, Académie Royale (Royal Academy of
Painting and Sculpture)
Artstyle: Neoclassicism
Famous Masterpieces:
Oath of the Horatii (1784)
,The Death of Marat (1793)
The of Socrates (1787), Equestrian portrait of
Stanisław Kostka Potocki (1781), The Lictors Bring
to Brutus the Bodies of His Sons (1789)
Famous Achievement: Prix de Rome
Trivia: His wife was so disgusted after David, a
member of the National Convention, voted for the
execution of King Louis XVI, she divorced him.
They remarried in 1796.
Title: “Oath of Horatii”
Date/Place of Creation: 1784
New Location: Louvre in Paris
Medium: Oil Paint
Price: -
Interpretation: the three Horatii brothers are
swearing an oath on their swords which their
father presents to them to fight until they die
for their country.
Trivia: [Gilbert Adair] man walking near
Jacques-Louis David's "Oath of the Horatii" in
the Louvre scene
TITLE: "THE DEATH OF MARAT"
Date/Place of Creation: 1973
New Location: Royal Museums of Fine
Arts of Belgium
Medium: oil on canvas
Price: -
Interpretation: Marat's position is a
precise quotation of
Caravaggio's Entombment of Christ: in
David's opinion, Marat is a martyr, an
innocent victim, just like Christ was..
Trivia: In the scene where Warren
Schmidt falls asleep in the bath, his
posture is exactly like Marat in the
painting 'Death of Marat', by J.L. David.
DEATH OF
SOCRATES
– JACQUES
LOUIS DAVID
JEAN-AUGUSTE-DOMINIQUE Birth and Death: 29 August 1780 -14
INGRES January 1867
Place of Origin:
Montauban, Languedoc,France
Family/Marriage: his wife Anne Moulet
Education/Career: " Académie royale de
peinture et de sculpture"
Artstyle: Neoclassicism
Famous Masterpieces:
" Louis-François Bertin, 1832"

"The Turkish Bath, 1862"

Famous Achievement: Prix de Rome

with the Envoys from Agamemnon.
Trivia: Focus on nude femaleportraits
PORTRAIT OF MONSIEUR BERTIN

Date/place of creation: 1832

New location: The Louvre
Medium: oil paint
Price: -
Interpretation: The portrait
symbolizes confidence and
commercially minded men.
Trivia: -
IMPRESSIONISM
1800s
CLAUDE MONET
Name: Claude Monet
Birth and Death: 14 November 1840 – 5 December 1926.
age of 86
Place of Origin: Paris,France
Family/Marriage: Father: Claude Adolphe Monet
Mother: Louise Justine Aubrée Monet
Spouses: Alice Hoschedé, (m. 1892), Camille Doncieux, (m.
1870–1879)
Children: Jean Monet, Michel Monet
Education/Career: Académie Suisse
Artstyle: Impressionism
Famous Masterpieces: Impression Sunrise,Rouen
Cathedral series,LondonParliament series,Water
Lilies,Haystacks,Poplars,
Famous Achievement: Father of Impressionism
Trivia: Claude often went into modes of depression. He
destroyed as many as 500 of his own paintings by burning
or throwing them away.
IMPRESSION SUNRISE Date/place of creation: 1872
New location: Musée
Marmottan Monet, Paris
Medium: oil on canvas
Price: -
Interpretation: he had painted
his own impression of the
spectacle of a blood
red suncutting through the misty
atmosphere rather than a portrait
of Le Havre Harbor.
Trivia: In 1874 it hung in the first
Impressionist exhibition.
HAYSTACKS
Date/place of creation: 1890-91
New location: Art Institute of Chicago
Medium: oil on canvas
Price: -
Interpretation: This series regains a
sense of freedom and inward balance —
the air moves freely, no longer trapped
by Gothic architecture.
Trivia: Haystacks was Monet's first series
exhibited
1800’s NEO IMPRESSIONISM

NAME: VINCENT VAN GOGH

Birth and Death: 30 March 1853 – 29 July 1890, age of
37
Place of Origin: Zundert, Netherlands
Family/Marriage: Married
Education/Career: Brussels Academy
Remarkable Artstyle: Post-Impressionism
Famous masterpieces: Starry
Night, Sunflowers,Bedroom in Arles, Portrait of Dr.
Gachet, Sorrow
Famous Achievment: -
Trivia: Vincent shot himself in a wheatfield in Auvers,
France but did not die until 2 days later at the age of 37.
THE STARRY NIGHT
date/place of creation: 1889/ asylum
New location: Museum of Modern Art, New York City
Medium: Oil on canvas
Price: not for sale
Interpretation: the artwork, but the strong feelings of
hope Van Gogh conveys through the bright lights of
the stars shining down over the dark landscape at
night
Trivia: Van Gogh created his most famous work The
Starry Night while staying in an asylum in Saint-Remy-
de-Provence, France.
BEDROOM IN ARLES DATE/PLACE OF CREATION: 1888
NEW LOCATION: VAN GOGH MUSEUM, AMSTERDAM
MEDIUM: OIL ON CANVAS
PRICE: -
INTERPRETATION: THE ORIGINAL FLOOR WAS A RED BRICK
COLOUR. THE LAST VERSION HAS A SOMBRE FEEL TO IT. HE
WAS ALWAYS AWARE OF THE EMOTIONAL IMPACT OF
COLOUR AND EXPRESSED HIMSELF THROUGH IT. THE RED
BEDSPREAD REALLY AFFECTS THE MOOD OF THE PAINTING –
WITHOUT IT THE PICTURE HAS A COMPLETELY DIFFERENT
FEEL. IF YOU COVER IT UP YOU WILL SEE. VAN GOGH
DEPICTS THE WHITE ROOM IN BLUE/VIOLET HUE CREATING
HARMONIES WITH THE GREENS. THIS THE BLUE/VIOLET HUE
OF THE ROOM (WHICH IS REALLY PAINTED WHITE) CREATES
HARMONIES WITH THE GREENS. THIS PARTICULARLY
CONTRASTS WITH THE BED AND CHAIRS. "
TRIVIA: THIS PAINTING HAS THREE VERSIONS.
PABLO PICASSO
• Birth and Death: 25 October 1881 at
Málaga, Spain - 8 April 1973 (aged 91)
at Mougins, France
• Place of Origin: Spain
• Family/Marriage: (1ST wife) Olga
Khokhlova (1918–55), (2ND wife)
Jacqueline Roque (1961–73)
• Education/Career: Real Academia de
Bellas Artes de San Fernando
• Remarkable Art Style: Cubism,
Surrealism
• Famous Masterpieces: Les Demoiselles
d'Avignon (1907), Guernica (1937), The
Weeping Woman (1937)
 LA GUERNICA
• Title: La Guernica
• Date/Place of Creation: 1937/Paris
• New Location: Museo Reina Sofia, Madrid,
Spain
• Medium: Oil on canvas
• Price: Fr200,000
• Interpretation: Guernica shows suffering
people, animals, and buildings wrenched by
violence and chaos.
• Trivia: This painting became a perpetual
reminder of the tragedies of war, an anti-war
symbol, and an embodiment of peace.
LES DEMOISELLES
• Date/Place of Creation: 1907/Paris
• New Location: Museum of Modern
Art. Acquired through the Lillie P.
Bliss Bequest, New York City
• Medium: Oil on canvas
• Price: 25,000 francs
• Interpretation: The women appear
as slightly menacing and rendered
with angular and disjointed body
shapes. Two are shown with African
mask-like faces and three more
with faces in the Iberian style of
Picasso's native Spain, giving them
a savage aura.
GEORGE BRAQUE
• Birth and Death: 13 May 1882 at
Argenteuil, Val-d'Oise - 31 August
1963 (aged 81) at Paris
• Place of Origin: France
• Family/Marriage: (wife) Marcelle
Lapré
• Education/Career: École nationale
supérieure des Beaux-Arts
• Remarkable Art Style: Cubism,
Fauvism
• Famous Masterpieces: Violin and
Candlestick (1910), Little Harbor in
Normandy (1909), Woman with a
Guitar (1913)
LITTLE HARBOR IN
NORMANDY
• Date/Place of Creation: 1909/Europe
,France
• New Location: The Art Institute of Chicago
• Medium: Oil in canvas
• Price:
• Interpretation: Instead of an open space,
filled with color, the sky in the Harbor in
Normandy is just as full of forms as the
landscape in the painting. It marks a new
moment in spatial sensation, the whole
painting with all the elements, from the
lighthouse, boats and sky, are brought to
life by the interaction and shading of their
planes.
1900’S SURREALISM
SALVADOR DALÍ
• Birth and Death: May 11, 1904
Figueres - January 23, 1989
(aged 84) Figueres, Catalonia,
Spain
• Place of Origin: Spain
• Family/Marriage: (wife) Gala
Dalí (Elena Ivanovna Diakonova)
• Education/Career: San
Fernando School of Fine Arts,
Madrid, Spain
• Remarkable Art Style: Surrealist
Painter
THE PERSISTENCE OF MEMORY

• Date/Place of Creation: 1931/

• New Location: Museum of Modern Art, New
York City
• Medium: Oil on canvas
• Price:
• Interpretation: It epitomizes Dalí's theory of
'softness' and 'hardness', which was central to
his thinking at the time.
UMBERTO BOCCIONI (FUTURISM)
• Birth and Death: 19 October 1882
Reggio Calabria, Italy - 17 August
1916 (aged 33) Verona, Italy
• Place of Origin: Italy
• Family/Marriage: (parents) Cecilia
Forlani and Raffaele Boccioni
• Education/Career: Accademia di Belle
Arti di Roma
• Remarkable Art Style: Futurism
• Famous Masterpieces: Unique Forms
of Continuity in Space, The City Rises,
The Street Enters the House
THE CITY RISES

• Date/Place of Creation: 1910/

• New Location: Museum of Modern Art
(MoMA), New York
• Medium: Oil on Canvas
• Price:
• Interpretation: Boccioni emphasizes
some among the most typical
elements of futurism, the exaltation of
human work and the importance of
the modern town, built around
modern necessities. The painting
portrays the construction of a new
city, with developments and
technology.
POP ART
ROY LICHTENSTEIN
(POP ART) DROWNING GIRL (1963)
RICHARD ESTES • Best known for his photorealist paintings.
• Born on May 14, 1932, in Kewanee, Ill.
• Received art training at the School of the Art
Institute of Chicago between 1952 and
1956.He worked as a graphic designer in
Chicago, and also in New York City from when
he moved there in 1959 until 1966.
• Use of photography made the sharp-focus
realism.
• His first one-man show took place at the Allan
Stone Gallery in New York in 1968.
• One of the most captivating American realists
to date.
• Richard Estes (b.1932) is one of America's
leading photorealist painters.
HELENE’S FLORIST
• Date Created: 1971
• Place of Creation: Beverly
Hills, California, United States
• New Location: Oledo,
Museum of Art
• Price: US $75.00
• Medium: Oil on canvas
• Interpretation: Celebrations
of the visual complexity of
the urban environment
• Trivia: Located on Columbus
Avenue at 72nd Street in New
York
STUDY VI, NEW YORK
HARBOR
• Date Created: 1997
• Place of Creation:
Marlborough Graphics
• New Location: Library of
Congress Prints and
Photographs Division
Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
• Price: $3,000 – $5,000
• Medium: woodcut in colors
• Interpretation:
• Trivia:
• American Master Painter Don
Eddy is known as one of the
pioneers of photorealism.
• November 4, 1944 (age 70).
• Born in southern California.
• He received his B.F.A. and M.F.A.
degrees from the University of
Hawaii.
• Eddy’s paintings take on a quietly
spiritual aura.
• Master artists of the past.
• Among the American painters he
is called "Photorealists."
 NEW SHOES FOR H
• Date Created: 1973-74
• Place of Creation:
• New Location: The Cleveland Museum of
Art, Cleveland, Ohio.
• Price: not for sale
• Medium: acrylic on canvas
• Interpretation: "You can either look
through the window, or at the window, or
at the reflection in the window. Nobody
ever looks at all three at once, because it
is impossible to focus on all three.“
• Trivia: the location of the shoe store on a
corner provides a set of store windows at
90 degrees to each other.
PHILIPPINES
UNDER
SPAIN
JUAN LUNA Y NOVICIO
• October 23, 1857 – December 7, 1899
• Badoc in Ilocos Norte
• He received his degree in Bachelor of Arts
at Ateneo de Manila
• Luna painted literary and historical scenes,
some with an underscore of political
commentary.
• Winning the gold medal in the 1884 Madrid
Exposition of Fine Arts.
• December 8, 1886, Luna married Maria de
la Paz Pardo de Tavera and they have 2
children
• Luna was acquitted of charges on February
8, 1893. the "unwritten law" at the time
forgave men for killing unfaithful wives
SPOLIARIUM
• Date Created: 1884 (eight months)
• Place of Creation: Rome
• New Location: National Museum of the
Philippines
• Price: Sold to the Diputación Provincial de
Barcelona for 20,000 pesetas
• Medium: Oil on poplar
• Interpretation: The painting features a
glimpse of Roman history centered on the
bloody carnage brought by gladiatorial
matches.
• Trivia: Spoliarium is a Latin word referring
to the basement of the Roman Colosseum
where the fallen and dying gladiators are
dumped
THE BLOOD COMPACT
• Date Created: 1886
• Place of Creation: Paris
• New Location: Malacañan Palace
• Price:
• Medium:
• Interpretation: Portrays the
1565 Sandugo between Rajah
Sikatuna and Miguel López de Legazpi
• Trivia: His painting won the first prize
in Paris, France, enabling him to
continue studying painting in Rome.
FÉLIX RESURRECCIÓN HIDALGO
Y PADILLA.
• February 21, 1855 - March 13, 1913. (aged 58)
• Binondo, Manila, Spanish East .
• He studied in the University of Santo Tomas. He
studied law, which he never finished.
• His subjects range from the mythological and
historical to landscapes, seascapes, portraits and
figures of the genre.
• His winning the silver medal in the 1884 Madrid
Exposition of Fine Arts
• He was the third of seven children of Eduardo
Resurrección Hidalgo and Maria Barbara Padilla.
• Hidalgo came home in 1913 to visit his ailing
mother. However, he did not come to stay. He
was too attached to Paris.
THE CHRISTIAN VIRGINS
EXPOSED TO THE POPULACE
• Date Created: 1884
• Place of Creation: Madrid, Spain
• New Location: Metropolitan Museum
of Manila
• Price:
• Medium: oil on canvas
• Interpretation: two scantily clothed
Christian female slaves being mocked by
a group of boorish Roman male
onlookers.
• Trivia: The work won the 9th silver in
the Exposicion General de Bellas Artes
THE BOAT OF CHARON
• Date Created: 1887
• Place of Creation:
• New Location: Museo Nacional de
Pintura (Madrid)
• Price: The Government of
Spain bought the work of art for the
amount of 7,500 pesetas
• Medium: Oil on canvas
• Interpretation: Damned souls
journeying across the River
Acheron towards the gates of hell.
• Trivia: Hidalgo's most awarded work
of art.
 PHILIPPINES
POST AMERICAN
PERIOD
Full Name: Fernando Cueto Amorsolo
Birth and Death: May 30, 1892 - April
24, 1972 (aged 79)
Parents: Pedro Amorsolo, Bonifacia
Amorsolo née Cueto
Marriage: Married to Salud Jorge on
1916. After Jorge's death in 1931,
Amorsolo married Maria del Carmen
Zaragoza
Educational Background:
Graduated at Art School of the Liceo de
Manila
MASTERPIECE OF FERNANDO
AMORSOLO
• Title: Filipina Beauty
• Date of Creation- 1950
• Place of Creation- Philippines
• New Location of the Art work- Malacanang
Palace
• Materials- Natural lights,backlightning.
• Interpretation- A specimen of Amorsolo's
conception of an ideal Filipina beauty. It
also depicts his mastery of realism,
impressionism and the use of
“Chiaroscuro”.
• The price of the artwork- P 2,000,000
• Trivia about the artwork- do you know that
the painting of Filipina beauty is used by
backlighting technique of amorsolo.
DEFENCE OF A FILIPINA WOMAN
• Date of creation: 1945
• Place of Creation: House Rooftop
• New Location: Malacanang Palace
• Materials use:
• Interpretation: which is
representative of Amorsolo's World
War II-era paintings. Here, a Filipino
man defends a woman, who is
either his wife or daughter, from
being raped by an unseen Japanese
soldier. Note the Japanese military
cap at the man's foot.
• Price of the Artwork: P 2,000,000
BOTONG FRANCISCO
• November 4, 1912,Angono, Rizal,
Philippines
• Died:March 31, 1969 (aged 56)
Angono, Rizal, Philippines
• Parents:Felipe Francisco (father)
Maria Villaluz (mother)
• Carlos V. Francisco was one of the
greatest Filipino visual artists and
muralists. He was posthumously
recognized as a Philippine
National Artist by the government
in 1973.
FEU CHAPEL STATION OF THE CROSS

The Stations of the

Cross encompasses
260 degrees of one’s
visual range
PHILIPPINES
CURRENT
PERIOD
Full Name: Joey A. Velasco
Birth and Death: March 18, 1967 – July
23, 2010 (aged 43)
Parents: Ciriaco Velasco, Adelita Velasco
Marriage: Married to Marie Queen y
Puno Sunga for 13 years
Educational Background:
Studied Law at Ateneo de Manila
University
• Died because of kidney cancer
complication
• Velasco had denied he was an
artist calling himself a "heartist"
instead.
• This painting depicts the story of
poor homeless children.
• Joey Velasco is a Filipino visual
artist
Artist: Joey V. Velasco
Date of Creation: 2005
New Location: University of Sto. Tomas
Medium: Oil-on-canvas
Interpretation: Modern-day version — of
The Last Supper, with street children in
dirty clothes sharing a meal with Jesus.
Trivia: Itok, Nene, Joyce, Tinay, Emong,
Onse, Buknoy, Michael, Dodoy, Jun and
Roselle are the names of the children in the
painting.
 [M6S1-POWERPOINT]

PHOTOGRAPHY
WHAT IS PHOTOGRAPHY

• Photography is the art, application

and practice of creating
durable image by recording light
or other electromagnetic
radiation, either electronically by
means of an image sensor, or
chemically by means of a light-
sensitive material such
as photographic film.
 Derived from the Greek

ETYMOLOGY photos - for "light"

and;

graphos for
"drawing"
PURPOSE AND IMPORTANCE
• Information • Social Media
• Discovery • Education
• Recording • Business Advertising
• Entertainment • Manufacturing
• Self-expression • Factual Evidence
• Profession • Visual Representation
• Communication
Photography plays a major role in history, society
and in the future.
LINE

Line is the strongest, most

important and influential
element.

It can be vertical, horizontal,

diagonal, or curved.
SHAPE
 The second most fundamental element
because it is the principal element of
identification.
 The most important thing to keep in mind
when shape is the essential element in an
image is that it is best defined when the
subject is frontlit or backlit.
 Shapes in images can also be seen as
silhouettes
TEXTURE
 No design element is more capable
of moving your deep emotions than
texture.
 The challenge of seeing and
capturing texture is mostly based on
one element - light.
PATTERN
 Life is full of patterns. It is all part
of our cosmic existence, for
without patterns our lives would be
utter chaos.
COLOR
 Colors, and how they're arranged, can
either make or break a shot.
 There are colors everywhere. Macro
insect photography is filled with
interesting colors. Nature, cities, people
and their clothing, houses, streets,
skies, beaches - everything around you
is filled with color. You just need to be
aware of it, and train your eyes to see
it.
DISTANCE
Foreground

A foreground element adds a substantial

amount of improvement to what would be
a drab amateur photo.

Using foreground elements in landscape

photos make sure you use a very narrow
aperture (high /stop)
DISTANCE
Background

Part or element of scene that is

behind
SPACE

There can be a fine line

between with your subject
(and creating a nice sense of
intimacy and connection)
LIGHT
 An important creative element of
composition.

 Light and shadows can be used

in composition to create mood, to
draw attention to an area, to
modify or distort shape, or to
bring out form and texture in the
subject. Shadows are a key to
apparent form in photographs
SYMMETRY
 A symmetrical shot with strong composition and a good point of interest can
lead to a striking image
DEPTH OF FIELD
 It can isolate a subject from its background and foreground or it can put the
same subject in context by revealing it’s surrounds with a larger depth of field.
PERSPECTIVE
 Shooting from above or below on the same subject drastically impact not only
the ‘look’ of the image, emphasizing different points of interest, angles,
textures, shapes etc.
BALANCE
 Too many points of interest in one section of your image can leave it feeling too
‘heavy’ or complicated in that section of the shot and other parts feeling
empty’.
 LANDSCAPE
 Shows spaces within the world.
 Photographs typically capture the presence of nature
 SEASCAPE
 It’ s a photograph, painting, or other work of art which depicts the sea, in other
words an example of marine art.
 AERIAL
 Taking of photographs of the ground from an elevated position.
 ARCHITECTURE

 The photographing of buildings and similar structures that are both

aesthetically pleasing and accurate representations of their subjects.
 CITYSCAPE
 A photograph of the physical aspects of a city or urban area.
 PORTRAIT
 Photography of a person or group of people that displays the expression,
personality, and mood of the subject.
 WILDLIFE
 Devoted to capturing animals in their natural habitats. The animals are often
photographed in action, such as eating, fighting, or in flight.
 FOOD
 A still life specialization of commercial photography, aimed at producing
attractive photographs of food for use in advertisements, packaging, menus or
cookbooks.
 EQUINE
 A photography that features horses as the subject.
 SPORTS
 Refers to the genre of photography that covers all types of sports.
 FASHION
 A genre of photography devoted to displaying clothing and other fashion items.
 MACRO PHOTOGRAPHY
 Extreme close-up photography, usually of very small subjects, in which the
size of the subject in the photograph is greater than life size
 MICRO PHOTOGRAPHY
 This photography style lets the subject fill all or most of the frame so that you
can get an incredible amount of detail.
 ASTROPHOTOGRAPHY
 Photography of astronomical objects, celestial events, and areas of the night
sky.
 FINE ART PHOTOGRAPHY
 Using photography as a medium to bring something to life that only lives in the
artist's mind. Simply capturing what one sees in an artistic way is the art of
photography and not creating fine art.
 SMOKE PHOTOGRAPHY
 In its purest and simplest interpretation, it’s photography where the subject is
smoke.
 One of the best descriptive terms for smoke art photography is aleatoric.
 PHOTOJOURNALISM
 Distinguished from other close branches of photography by complying with a
rigid ethical framework which demands that the work is both honest and
impartial whilst telling the story in strictly journalistic terms.
 FORENSIC
 Sometimes referred to as forensic imaging or crime scene photography.
MEDIUM: Types of
Camera
Parts of the Camera
SINGLE LENS SLR
A single-lens reflex
camera (SLR) is
a camera that typically
uses a mirror and prism
system (hence "reflex"
from the mirror's
reflection) that permits
the photographer to
view through the lens
and see exactly what will
be captured.
Polaroid
The instant camera is a type
of camera which uses self-
developing film to create a
chemically developed print
shortly after taking the
picture. Polaroid Corporation
pioneered (and patented)
consumer-friendly instant
cameras and film, and were
followed by various other
manufacturers.
Compact Cameras

Also known as a point-

and-shoot camera. A
compact camera is an
inexpensive entry-level
camera for the amateur
digital photographer.
These cameras are small
and lightweight. They
usually come with
standard, automatic
settings.
DSLRs – Digital
Single Lens Reflex

These are larger and heavier than

compact cameras. Most
professional cameras out there are
DSLRs, even through bridge
cameras and mirror less are gaining
in popularity too.
Their design and function comes
from film cameras. The higher-end
models have a full-frame sensor. This
is also inspired by the
traditional 35mm film camera.
movie camera
The movie camera, film
camera or cine-camera is a
type of photographic camera
which takes a rapid sequence
of photographs on an image
sensor or on a film. In contrast
to a still camera, which
captures a single snapshot at
a time, the movie camera
takes a series of images; each
image constitutes a "frame".
 bridge camera
Bridge cameras are cameras that fill
the niche between the single-lens
reflex cameras (SLRs) and the point-
and-shoot camera which are
prominent in the prosumer market
segment. They are often
comparable in size and weight to
the smallest digital SLRs (DSLR), but
lack interchangeable lenses, and
almost all digital bridge cameras
lack an optical viewfinder system.
TECHNIQUES
rule of thirds
The rule of thirds is a "rule of thumb” or
guideline which applies to the process of
composing visual images such
as designs, films, paintings,
and photographs. The guideline proposes that
an image should be imagined as divided into
nine equal parts by two equally spaced
horizontal lines and two equally spaced vertical
lines, and that important compositional
elements should be placed along these lines or
their intersections. Proponents of the technique
claim that aligning a subject with these points
creates more tension, energy and interest in the
composition than simply centering the subject.
backlighting
In lighting design, backlighting is the process
of illuminating the subject from the back. In
other words, the lighting instrument and
the viewer face each other, with the subject in
between. This creates a glowing effect on the
edges of the subject, while other areas are
darker. The backlight can be a natural or
artificial source of light. When artificial, the
back light is usually placed directly behind the
subject in a 4-point lighting setup. A back
light, which lights foreground elements from
the rear, is not to be confused with
a background light, which lights background
elements (such as scenery).
panning
Panning is a photographic
technique that combines a slow
shutter speed with camera
motion to create a sense of
speed around a moving object. It
is a way to keep your subject in
focus while blurring your
background.
Panning is typically done on a
subject moving horizontally, such
as a moving car, or a running
dog. It can also be done
vertically, while tracking someone
diving into a pool off a high
board or someone jumping up
and down.
a frame within
a frame
Using a frame within a frame is a
great way to lead your viewers’
eyes into a photo. This can add
depth and context, as well as
drawing their attention to a
defined point.
A photo of a scene with a
foreground feature makes for a
much more interesting build up to
the main region of a photo. In
some cases, it can even carry
equal weight to the rest of the
photo
night
photography
Night photography (also
called nighttime photography)
refers to the activity of
capturing images outdoors
at night,
between dusk and dawn. Night
photographers generally have a
choice between using
artificial lighting and using a long
exposure, exposing the shot for
seconds, minutes, or even hours
in order to
give photosensitive film or
an image sensor enough time to
capture a desirable image.
focus
In photography, it’s
practically married to
sharpness. An image that
is completely sharp is
said to be in-focus. An
image that’s completely
blurry is said to be
unfocused.
motion blur
Motion blur photography
is the purposeful
streaking or blurring of an
object in motion in a
photo. It’s a great way to
capture movement in a
still image and can be
used for any image in
which you want to show
motion.
 [M6S2-POWERPOINT]
DEVELOPMENT OF PHOTOGRAPHY
CAMERA OBSCURA

 An optical device that projects

an image of its surroundings
on a screen.

 In Latin, it means dark room.

the basic camera obscura consists of
a room with a small opening, the
images are projected both upside
down and reverse
the portable camera obscura uses a
lens to focus the image which is
reflected from a slanted mirror to a
translucent screen, the image is
righted but still reversed
Camera Obscura

• Optical device that projects an

image of its surroundings on a
screen.
Ancient: Ideas that led the
discovery of the Camera
MOZI AND THE CAMERA OBSCURA
The camera obscura was first imagined
by a Chinese philosopher named Mozi.
Over the course of his studies, he the
way that light created images on the
walls of a dark room when it entered the
room through a pinhole.
Of course, he called the camera obscura
by a different name — the “locked
treasure room.” This first discovery
illustrates just how old the science of
photography is. Mozi’s work is the first in
recorded history, taking place around
400 B.C.
A freestanding room-sized camera obscura at the University of
North Carolina at Chapel Hill. One of the pinholes can be seen in
the panel to the left door.
Aristotle’s Optical
principles of a pinhole
• In the 4th century BC, Greek philosopher
Aristotle (384 to 322 BC) noted that “sunlight
travelling through small openings between
the leaves of a tree, the holes of a sieve, the
openings wickerwork, and even interlaced
fingers will create circular patches of light on
the ground.”
• In 330 BC, Aristotle understanding the optical
principle of the pinhole camera described
observing a crescent shaped image of a
partial solar eclipse projected on the ground
through the holes in a sieve and through the
gaps between the leaves of a tree.
Euclid’s theory of vision
• Euclid's Optics (Greek: Ὀπτικά), is a work on
the geometry of vision written by the Greek
mathematician Euclid around 300 BC. The
earliest surviving manuscript of Optics is in
Greek and dates from the 10th century AD.
• The work deals almost entirely with the
geometry of vision, with little reference to
either the physical or psychological aspects
of sight. No Western scientist had
previously given such mathematical
attention to vision.
Euclid's Optics influenced the work of later
Greek, Islamic, and Western European
Renaissance scientists and artists.
Isaac Newton’s :
prism and colors
• Our modern understanding of light and
color begins with Isaac Newton (1642-1726)
and a series of experiments that he
publishes in 1672. He is the first to
understand the rainbow — he refracts
white light with a prism, resolving it into its
component colors: red, orange, yellow,
green, blue and violet.
• In the late 1660s, Newton starts
experimenting with his ’celebrated
phenomenon of colors.’ At the time, people
thought that color was a mixture of light
and darkness, and that prisms colored light.
Joseph Nicéphor Niépce
• French inventor
• One of the father of photography
• He was baptized Joseph but adopted
the name Nicéphore, in honour of
Saint Nicephorus the ninth-century
Patriarch of Constantinople, while
studying at the Oratorian College in
Angers.
• Born: March 7, 1765
• Died: July 5, 1833
• Wife: Agnès Romero
Son: Isidore (born - 1795)
View from the Window at
Le Gras

The oldest surviving camera photograph.

It was created by Joseph Nicéphore
Niépce in 1826 or 1827 at Saint-Loup-
de-Varennes and shows parts of the
buildings and surrounding countryside of
his estate, Le Gras, seen from a high
window.
Niépce captured the scene with
a camera obscura.
 Process of Heliography

Earliest known
surviving heliographic
engraving, 1825,
printed from a metal
plate.
Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre
• Born: 1787
• Died: July 10, 1851
• Professional artist
• He apprenticed in architecture,
theatre design, and panoramic
painting with Pierre Prévost, the first
French panorama painter.
• In 1829, Daguerre partnered with
Nicéphore Niépce.
“Boulevard Du Temple”
• Taken in 1838 in Paris.
• Includes two person on the lower
right, considered the earliest known
candid photo of a person.
• Used daguerreotype to process this
photograph.
• In 1937 it was displayed in a
museum in Munich and survived the
succeeding bombings in 1940 in
Munich.
• But after the war a museum curator
tried to clean it and in the process
wiped the whole picture clean.
First
Photograp
h of a
person
1838
William Henry Talbot

• Born in February 11, 1800

• Died in September 17, 1877

• An Inventor

• Married to Contance Talbot

CALOTYPE process in 1841.
Calotype: Calotype Process:
came from the word
kalos and tupos.

Kalos – beautiful

Tupos - impression
Richard Maddox
4 August 1816 – 11 May 1902
• English photographer and physician who
invented lightweight gelatin dry plates in
1871.
• Known in photomicrography wherein he
took photographs of micro organisms
under the microscope
• He died because his health was being
affected by the 'wet' collodion's ether
vapor.
• Got bankrupt since he was not
recognized by his invention and he did
not inherit anything from his dad.
• He gave his discoveries to the world and
it was later on recognized after his
death.
Lightweight gelatin dry plates
Made of gelatin rom a packet of
Nelson’s Gelatine Granuals.
prepared a number of plates,
exposing by contact-printing them
from other negatives, and putting
each through a different exposure
trial.
• The chemicals cadmium bromide and
silver nitrate should be coated on a glass
plate in gelatin
• The dry plates were pre made to be used
at the photographer’s convenience and
are able to be transported at leisure to a
dark room after for processing.
• Negatives did not have to be developed
immediately.
George Eastman
July 12, 1854 – March 14, 1932

• Founded the Eastman Kodak

Company and popularized the use of
roll film and popularized the use of
roll film, helping to bring photography
to the mainstream.
• He was a major philanthropist
• On March 14, 1932, Eastman shot
himself in the heart, leaving a note
which read, "To my friends: my work
is done. Why wait?“
• During his lifetime Eastman donated
$100 million to various organizations
The first Roll Film and Camera in the world

• Founded: 1888
• Founder: George Eastman
• Products: Digital imaging and photographic materials,
equipment and services

 Kodak is best known for photographic film products.

 Its main business segments are Digital Printing & Enterprise and
Graphics, Entertainment & Commercial Films.
 Eadweard Muybridge
9 April 1830 – 8 May 1904

• Uses row of cameras with trip wires to

make a high-speed photographic analysis
of galloping horse.
• Each picture is taken less than the two
thousandth part of a second and taken in
rapid sequence about 25 per second that
became a real time movie.
• In 1874 Muybridge shot and killed Major
Harry Larkyns, his wife's lover, but was
acquitted in a jury trial on the grounds of
justifiable homicide
 A horse and rider jumping
• In 1872 Leland Stanford, former governor
of California and president of the Central
Pacific Railroad, asked Eadweard Muybridge
to photograph a horse running at full
speed.
• to confirm Stanford's theory that all of the
horse's feet were off the ground
simultaneously at some point during its
stride, launched Muybridge on a lifelong
quest to record animals in motion.
• He developed an ingenious method of stop-
action photography: a battery of twenty-
four cameras triggered either at timed
intervals or as the horse's legs tripped a
wire suspended above the ground.
 The First color photograph

• This was taken by the mathematical physicist,

James Clerk Maxwell. The piece above is
considered the first durable color photograph
and was envied by Maxwell at a lecture in
1861. The inventor of the SLR, Thomas Sutton,
was the man who pressed the shutter button,
but Maxwell is credited with the scientific
process that made it possible. For those having
trouble identifying the image, it is a three-
color bow.
 The first cape Canaveral launch
photograph

• NASA photographers snapped the first

photograph of a Cape Canaveral launch
in July of 1950. The rocket being
launched was known as the ‘Bumper
2’; it was a two-stage rocket
comprising a V-2 missile based and a
WAC Corporal rocket. The shot also
clearly showcases other photographers
lined up and ready to get their images
of the event.
 The First digital photograph

• This was taken all the way back in

1957; that is almost 20 years before
Kodak’s engineer invented the first
digital camera. The photo is a digital
scan of a shot initially taken on film.
The picture depicts Russell Kirsch’s son
and has a resolution of 176×176 – a
square photograph worthy of any
Instagram profile.
 The First Self photograph

• Robert Cornelius set up a camera

and took the world’s first self-
portrait in the back of a business on
Chestnut Street in Center City,
Philadelphia. Cornelius sat in front of
the lens for a little over a minute,
before leaving the seat and covering
the lens. The now iconic photograph
was captured 170+ years ago in 1839.
 The First color photograph

• This was not taken by drone, but

instead by hot air balloon in 1860. This
aerial photograph depicts the town of
Boston from 2,000 feet. The
photographer, James Wallace Black,
titled his work “Boston, as the Eagle
and the Wild Goose See It”.
 The First sun photograph

• The first photograph of our sun was taken by French

Physicists Louis Fizeau and Leon Foucault on April
2nd, 1845. The snapshot was captured using the
Daguerreotype process and resulted after a 1/60 of
a second. If you observe the photograph carefully,
you can spot several sunspots.
 The First news photograph

• This photograph taken in 1847

via the Daguerreotype process is
thought to be the first ever
photograph taken for the news; it
depicts a man being arrested in
France.
 The First President photograph

• John Quincy Adams, the sixth

President of the United States, was the
first president to have his photograph
taken. The daguerreotype was shot in
1843, a good number of years after
Adams left office in 1829. The first to
have his picture taken in office was
James Polk, the 11th President, who
was photographed in 1849.
 The First lightning photograph

• Lightning can be an exciting subject to

capture and the first photographer to
grab a snapshot did so in 1882.
Photographer, William Jennings, used
his findings to showcase that lightning
was much more complicated than
originally thought – notice how the
lightning branches out in the above
piece.
 The First color landscape
photograph

• The first colored landscape to

showcase the world in color was taken
in 1877. Photographer, Louis Arthur
Ducos du Hauron, was a pioneer in
color photography and was the
mastermind behind the process that
created this photo. The shot depicts
southern France and is appropriately
titled “Landscape of Southern France”.
 The First wildlife photograph

• In 1905, Shiras brought a box of his

photographs to National Geographic.
Then-editor Gil Grosvenor liked them
so much that he dedicated the July
1906 issue of the magazine to
publishing 74 of them. It was a single-
article issue titled “Hunting Wild Game
with Flashlight and Camera.”
 The First architectural photograph

• Heliographic image and the oldest

surviving camera photograph. It was
created by Nicéphore Niépce in 1826
or 1827 at Saint-Loup-de-Varennes,
France, and shows parts of the
buildings and surrounding countryside
of his estate, Le Gras, as seen from a
high window.
Dorothea Margaretta
Nutzhorn
Birth name: Dorothea Margaretta
Nutzhorn.
Born: May 26, 1895
Hoboken, New Jersey.
Died: October 11, 1965 (aged 70)
San Francisco, California.
Spouse: Maynard Dixon (1920–1935).
Paul Schuster Taylor (1935–
1965).
Nationality: American
Field: Photography

- Lange's photographs humanized the consequences of the Great

Depression and influenced the development of documentary
photography.
- is best known for her Depression-era work.
 “MIGRANT MOTHER”
• Lange’s best known picture is
titled “Migrant Mother”. The
woman in the photo is Florence
Owens Thompson.

• Florence Thompson is a 32 years

old. She seemed to know that
Dorothea’s picture might helped
her, so when Dorothea is taking a
picture of her, she asked no
question about Dorothea.
Walks from the mines to the lumber White Angel Breadline, San Francisco
camps to the farms, (1933)
by Dorothea Lange, 1938.
Margaret Bourke-
White
Birth name: Margaret White
Born: June 14, 1904
The Bronx, New York.
Died: August 27, 1971 (aged 67)
Stamford, Connecticut.
Spouse(s): Everett Chapman (1924-
1926; divorced).
Erskine Caldwell (1939-
1942; divorced).

Her interest in photography began as a young

woman's hobby, supported by her father's
enthusiasm for cameras.
KENTUCKY FLOOD
Bourke-White’s picture led off a
feature in the February 1937,
issue of LIFE magazine that
focused on how the flood
waters ravaged Louisville,
Kentucky.
 Living Dead at
Buchenwald

Taken by Margaret White after

the liberation of Buchenwald,
shows a group of unsmiling
male inmates, who were
privileged Communist political
prisoners, lined up in front of
barbed wire fence in camp.
 Ansel Adams

Birth name: Ansel Easton Adams

Born: February 20, 1902
San Francisco, California, US
Died: April 22, 1984 (aged 82)
Monterey, California
Spouse: Virginia Rose Best

• He began working at a photo-finishing

business at the age of 15, and at 16 he
received his first camera as a gift from his
parents.
• He and his parents vacationed at
Yosemite Park, where Adams returned
every year for the rest of his life.
 Yosemite Valley, Thunderstorm

Adam took countless photographs from Inspiration Point to capture the changing mood
of the valley in different seasons, times of day, and atmospheric conditions, such as the
looming thunderstorm bearing down on the valley in this image.
 Mount Williamson, Sierra Nevada

• He took this photograph from Manzanar, a camp for Japanese-Americans detained

during World War II.
 • Born on October 22, 1913.
• Died on May 25, 1954.
Robert Capa • Was a Hungarian war photographer and photojournalist.
• Capa was born into a Jewish family in Budapest, where
his parents were tailors.
• He started studies in journalism at the German Political
College.
• He covered five different wars: The Spanish Civil War,
The Second Sino-Japanese War, World War II across
Europe, the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, and the First
Indochina War.
• In 1947, Capa co-founded Magnum Photos in Paris
with David "Chim" Seymour, Henri Cartier-
Bresson, George Rodger and William Vandivert.
• The organization was the first cooperative agency for
worldwide freelance photographers.
Omaha
Omaha
War
Scenes
1945
 • Born on December 6, 1898.
Alfred • Died on August 24, 1995.
Eisenstaedt • Was a German photographer
and photojournalist.
• He is best known for his photograph of
the V-J Day celebration and for his candid
photographs, frequently made using
a 35mm Leica camera.
• Eisenstaedt was born in Dirschau in West
Prussia, Imperial Germany in 1898.
• Eisenstaedt was fascinated by photography
from his youth and began taking pictures at
age 14.
• His first camera is an Eastman Kodak
Folding Camera with roll film.
 • It’s a photograph by Alfred
The Kiss Eisenstaedt that portrays an American
sailor kissing a woman in a white
dress on Victory over Japan Day (V-J
Day) in Times Square in New York
City.
• Date: August 14, 1945.
• The photograph, taken with a Leica
IIIa camera.
• was published a week later
in Life magazine among many
photographs of celebrations around the
United States that were presented in a
twelve-page section titled Victory.
 • Born on March 14, 1923.
Diane Arbus/ • Died on July 26, 1971.
Diane Nemerov • Arbus was born Diane Nemerov.
• Parents David Nemerov and Gertrude
Russek Nemerov
• Was an American photographer and writer.
• Noted for black-and-white square
photographs of "deviant and marginal
people or of people whose normality
seems ugly or surreal".
• Became the first American photographer to
have photographs displayed at the Venice
Biennale.
Tattooed man
at a Carnival “Russian Midget Friends”
 • Malcolm Wilde Browne was born on April 17,
Malcolm 1931.
• Was a Pulitzer Prize-winning
Browne American journalist and photographer.
• Browne was born and raised in New York City.
• His mother was a Quaker with fervently anti-
war opinions.
• His father was a Roman Catholic and an
architect.
• He went to a Quaker college in Pennsylvania
and studied chemistry.
• Browne died on Monday August 27, 2012, of
complications from Parkinson's disease.
• He was 81.
• His best known work was the award-winning
photograph of the self-immolation of Buddhist
monk Thích Quảng Đức in 1963.
 • Thích Quảng Đức (1897 – 11 June
The Burning 1963, born Lâm Văn Túc),
• was a Vietnamese Mahayana
Monk Buddhist monk who burned himself to death at
a busy Saigon road intersection on 11 June
1963.
• Quang Duc was protesting the persecution of
Buddhists by the South
Vietnamese government led by Ngô Đình
Diệm.
• Malcolm Browne won a Pulitzer Prize for his
photograph of the monk's death.
• After his death, his body was re-cremated, but
his heart remained intact.
 • Born on September 13, 1960.
• Died on July 27, 1994.
Kevin Carter • Kevin Carter was born in Johannesburg,
South Africa.
• Was an award-winning South
African photojournalist and member of
the Bang-Bang Club.
• He was the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize for
his photograph depicting the 1993 famine
in Sudan.
• He committed suicide at the age of 33.
• His story is depicted in the 2010 feature
film, The Bang-Bang-Club in which he was
played by Taylor Kitsch.
The Vulture • The photograph was sold to The New York
Times where it appeared for the first time on March
and the Child 26, 1993 as ‘metaphor for Africa’s despair’.
• Journalists in the Sudan were told not to touch the
famine victims, because of the risk of transmitting
disease, but Carter came under criticism for not
helping the girl.
• ”The man adjusting his lens to take just the right
frame of her suffering might just as well be a
predator, another vulture on the scene,”
• Carter eventually won the Pulitzer Prize for this
photo, but he couldn’t enjoy it.
• Consumed with the violence he’d witnessed, and
haunted by the questions as to the little girl’s fate, he
committed suicide three months later.
 • Born on June 11, 1934.
Jerry • Is an American photographer, and was the forerunner of
photomontage in the 20th century in America.
Uelsman • Uelsmann was born in Detroit, Michigan.
• While attending public schools, at the age of fourteen, there
sparked an interest in photography.
• Despite poor grades, he managed to land a few jobs, primarily
photographs of models.
• Eventually Uelsmann went on to earn a BA from the Rochester
Institute of Technology and M.S. and M.F.A. degrees
from Indiana University.
• He began teaching photography at the University of Florida in
1960.
• In 1967, Uelsmann had his first solo exhibit at The Museum of
Modern Art which opened doors for his photography career.
• Uelsmann is a master printer, producing composite
photographs with multiple negatives and extensive darkroom
work.
Cathedral/Tree
Charles O’ • Charles O‘ Rear (born 1941), also credited
as Chuck O‘ Rear,
• Is an American photographer best known for the
Rear image, Bliss that is included in Windows XP and
for his photos of wine country.
• O‘ Rear was born in Butler, Missouri in 1941 and
first handled the camera Brownie Box when he
was 10.
• As a child, he desired to be a pilot and got his
license at the age of 16.
• He attended State Teachers College and started his
career as a sports reporter for the Butler Daily
Democrat.
• In 1961, he joined the daily newspaper Emporia
Gazette as a photographer.
• In 1962, he joined The Kansas City Star as a
reporter-photographer .
• In 1966, he moved to Los Angeles to join as a
staff photographer for the Los Angeles Times.
Bliss • Bliss is the name of the default computer
wallpaper of Windows XP, produced from
a photograph of a landscape in Sonoma
County, California, United States.
• The image contains rolling green hills and a
blue sky with cumulus and cirrus clouds.
• The photograph was made on June 24,
1996 for the digital-design company
HighTurn by Charles O'Rear.
Philippine
Photography
The Execution of Dr. Jose Rizal
Manuel Arias Rodriguez as an
amateur photographer
•He photographed:
•His comfortable surroundings and treks to
distant provinces
•The arrival of Spanish military reinforcements in
Manila
•Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo
Manuel Arias Rodriguez
A group of women
in traditional dress,
taken at an
unknown location
some time in the
early 1900s.
Shots from
the
Thomasites
Analiza Daran De Guzman

A Filipino photographer who won an

international contest with her image
of two ants drinking from a drop of
water on a leaf in her home in
Binangonan, Rizal. A
• She was named winner of the
#Water2020 contest held by
the photo-sharing site Agora last
April, 2020
-INQUIRER.net today
Jun 9, 2020
Jophel Ybiosa
 Filipino Photographer
 Has Bagged Over 280
Local and International
Awards
Jophel Ybiosa
Ybiosa has always been visually oriented,
even in his youth, but the inclination
became a full-fledged passion when he
enrolled at PUP Sta. Mesa. Armed with film
cameras, he joined the university's Sinag
Photography Shop as well as the Ramon
Magsaysay Camera Club. He later shifted to
digital and upgraded his gear to Sony and
Nikon. He natural talent was quickly
recognized: he won awards not just for his
photos but for his paintings as well.
The photo depicts
the celebration of
Mud People Festival
in Nueva Ecija,
Philippines on June
24, 2018.