Electrotechnics

Components and Accessories of

Industrial Refrigeration

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 Objective
Identify the main components and accessories of
industrial refrigeration.
Content:

- Introduction.
- Main components and accessories of industrial
refrigeration.
- Conclusions.

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 Introduction

The industrial refrigeration market is under

constant growth and innovation; therefore,
in order to be competitive, it is necessary to
be up to date and know all of its
components.
Presently and regardless of the type of
industry (food, medical, construction,
mining, among many others) product
manufacturing needs a refrigerating
process.

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 Introduction

A refrigerating system does not create cold

(an impossible thing to do, according to the
thermodynamic laws), but rather eliminates
the heat of a body and expels it.
In order to do so, a refrigerating
substance is manipulated; such substance
changes constantly from a liquid state to a
gaseous state and, in the process, it
absorbs and evaporates the heat.

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 Introduction

Every refrigerating process has basic sections that work in an infinite cycle:

Compression > Condensation > Expansion > Evaporation

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 Main components and accessories of
Industrial Refrigeration

So as to carry out each and every part of the refrigeration cycle,

different components and accessories, working jointly, are used.

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 1.- Compressor

It handles the refrigerant in its gaseous state and compresses it to

increase the pressure and temperature.

Depending on the type of project, these are some of

the compressors most used in the industry:

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 Piston Compressor

These compact, semi-hermetic piston

compressors are universal and suitable
for many refrigerants.

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 Helical Screw Compressor

These are compressors for industrial

refrigeration and air conditioned. Their
technology emphasizes energy saving
and energetic and sustainable efficiency.

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 Screw Compressor

Screw compressors are designed for

commercial and industrial use; they are
suitable for HCFC/CFC refrigerants and
offer an efficient power regulation.

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 Scroll Compressor

These are made by two scrolls in which

the refrigerant is compressed: a fixed
scroll and an orbiting scroll.

The former is united to the compressor’s

body. The latter is attached to the
crankshaft and orbits instead of rotating.

The orbiting movement creates a series of

refrigerating gas pockets which move
between both scrolls and raise the
pressure.

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 Hermetic Compressor

The hermetic compressors are widely

accepted and have become a classic
within the industry, with their variety of
uses for air conditioned systems, heat
pumps, and refrigeration.

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 Semi-Hermetic Compressor

These semi- hermetic compressors are

made for systems requiring a high
temperature performance, even in
conditions of low evaporating
temperatures up to -4.5°C (-40°F).

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 2.- Condenser

It receives the refrigerant gas with pressure and lowers its

temperature to turn it into liquid.

Note: When a condenser is accompanied by a ventilating motor and

a compressor, we’re talking about a condensing unit.

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 2.- Condenser

Depending on the project, its goal, and the industry conditions,

there are different types of condensers within industrial
refrigeration.

The most used ones are:

- Evaporative condenser.
- Air-cooled condenser.
- Water-cooled condenser.
- Condensing units (condenser + ventilating motor + compressor)

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 Evaporative Condenser

Evaporative condenser is used in those

cases in which the heat of the refrigerant,
coming from a refrigeration system, can
not be used.

This excess heat is eliminated by

evaporating the water. This cooling
system is based on the same physical
principle as the cooling towers.

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 Air-cooled Condenser

An air cooled condenser is a direct dry

cooling system where steam is condensed
inside air-cooled finned tubes.

The cool ambient air flow outside the

finned tubes is what removes heat and
defines the functionality of an Air Cooled
Condenser.

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 Water-cooled Condenser

It is a technical heat exchanger used to

remove heat from the refrigerant vapor
and transfer it to the water running inside
the tube.

The system operates through networks of

water coils that are used to transfer heat
from the condenser coils.

These systems usually work in

conjunction with cooling towers to
dissipate heat.

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 3.- Expansion System

It turns the liquid refrigerant into small liquid particles with low
pressure (similar to how an atomizer works).

Those small particles absorb the ambience heat and evaporate.

The expansion system is mainly made up of valves; it is the

equipment that controls the liquid refrigerant flow that enters into the
direct expansion evaporator, keeping constant the reheating of
refrigerant steam in the evaporator output.

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 3.- Expansion System

Basically, its mission, in the direct (or dry) expansion equipment, is

limited to two functions: controlling the flow of liquid refrigerant
entering into the evaporator, and supporting a constant reheating of
its output.

There are different types of valves:

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 Thermal Expansion Valve

The thermal expansion valve controls the

flow of liquid refrigerant entering into the
direct expansion evaporator, keeping
constant the reheating of refrigerant
steam in the evaporator output.

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 Solenoid Valve

The main purpose of an electrically

operated solenoid valve is to automatically
control the flow of fluids, liquids, or gases.

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 Ball Valve

These ball valves control the flow direction

and enable the closing, with port
configurations that support a broad range
of system requirements.

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 Carter in-line Pressure Valve

These carter in-line pressure valves are

designed to prevent an overload of the
compressor’s motor, limiting the carter
pressure to a maximum value previously
determined, during and after the
defrosting cycle or a normal shut-down
period.

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 Evaporator Pressure-Regulating Valve

These evaporator pressure- regulating

valves control the temperature of the
evaporator indirectly controlling the
evaporator pressure.

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 Condenser Pressure-Regulating Valve

These are used for controlling the

pressure of systems with condensers
cooled by air.

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 4.- Evaporator

The evaporation system absorbs the heat by evaporating the

refrigerating liquid.

Whether it is an air conditioned device or a 1-ton equipment, all

refrigeration projects have these elements; the only things
changing being their sizes, capacities, and shapes.

Evaporators, implemented in all industrial refrigeration

systems, vary in size and capacity.

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 4.- Evaporator

Depending on their use, the right model for the system performance
can be defined.

Due to their technology, attention to the care for the environment,

and energy consumption efficiency, Krack evaporators are industry
leaders.

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 5.- Refrigerant

A refrigerant is a chemical substance whose properties allow it to

absorb the heat from a body to another, causing the temperature to
lower.

There are two kinds:

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 Synthetic Refrigerants

Synthetic refrigerants are substances that

do not occur naturally, but have been
developed by man for industrial
purposes.

Synthetic refrigerants are divided into

three types:

- Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).
- Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs).
- Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).

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 Natural Refrigerants

Natural refrigerants are alternatives to the

synthetic ones since they don’t damage
the ozone layer and have a very low
Global Warming Potential (GWP).

These are some of the natural

refrigerants:

- Carbon dioxide.
- Ammoniac.
- Hydrocarbons.

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 Conclusions:

The global industrial

refrigeration market has shown steady
growth over the last few years, and even
with COVID-19 disrupting every industry,
that growth hasn’t majorly halted. This is
due to the fact that industrial refrigeration
covers a variety of different machinery and
processes.
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 Conclusions:

As a result, these are a critical component

of several industries, from food processing
to construction. Without keeping specific
tools or machines at a proper temperature,
the entire process could be jeopardized,
which, in turn, creates a ripple effect
across other areas of the business.

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 Conclusions:

In fact, chiller systems and industrial

refrigeration take up so much electrical
power, it is estimated to be a consumer
of 20% of all North American electrical
power.

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