Engineering

Drawing and
Plans
PROF. RICHELLE F. ROZOL, MIT
 What is engineering
drawing

An engineering drawing, a type

of technical drawing, which is
used to fully and clearly define
requirements for engineered
items with scales.

Engineering drawing example

Types of Drawings
All Drawings

Artistic Technical

Sketches
Diagrams Drawings
(conceptual) (design & (technical/engineering
technical) )

simulated
perspective

Diagram Diagram Multi view

(design plan) (technical) Oblique Isometric orthograph
projection projection ic

Less technical More technical

 Conceptual Sketches
 When any idea comes in your
mind, you draw a simple or rough
drawing of the object without using
any drawing instruments or tolls
and this is called a conceptual
sketch.
 Importance of
Engineering Drawings
 Helps as a reference to workers, technicians or architects.

 Easy to understand : Since a picture is easiest method than

thousand words, a technical drawing is a much more effective
tool for engineers than a written plan.

 Engineering drawings is used in all engineering fields, including,

but not limited to, civil engineering, electrical engineering,
mechanical engineering and architecture.
 Sketch Vs Engineering
drawing

 Sketch: made without drafting tools... Just pencil

and paper. Scale is approximate, not accurate,
but the sketch should still look like the object.
 Engineering Drawing: Made with drafting tools...
Ruler, set squares, protractor and compass. Scale
should be accurate and the drawing carefully
made.
Projection

 If straight lines are drawn from various points on the contour

(A contour line is a imaginary line which connects points of
equal elevation) of an object to meet a plane, the object is
said to be projected on that plane.
 The figure formed by joining, in correct sequence, the points
at which these lines meet the plane, is called the projection of
the object.
 The lines from the object to the plane are called projectors.
Projection
Projection Types

 Orthographic projection
 Isometric projection
 Orthographic projection

 Orthographic Projection is a way of drawing an 3D object from

different directions.
 Usually a front, side and plan view are drawn so that a person
looking at the drawing can see all the important sides.
 Orthographic drawings are useful especially when a design has
been developed to a stage whereby it is almost ready to
manufacture.
Orthographic projection
views

OBJECT
 Orthographic projection

 As shown in the earlier slide, if an observer at position ‘A’ moves

to infinity, the projectors to his eyes becomes parallel to the
object and he observes the same shape and size as that of the
object. The view so formed is known as the orthographic
projection.
 Similarly, the parallel projectors shall form the pictures on the
respective picture planes from the positions B and C.
 Isometric Projection
 Isometric projection is a method for
visually representing three-
dimensional objects in two
dimensions in technical
and engineering drawings
 Isometric drawings consist of two-
dimensional drawings that are tilted
at some angle to expose other
views and give the viewer the
illusion that what he or she is
viewing is a three-dimensional
drawing.
An Isometric Drawing
 Comparison of Projections

Orthographic Isometric

Used for : Drafting, maps, floor Used for : Conceptual sketches,

plans technical drawings (sometimes)
Technical drawings, drafting,
conceptual sketches
(sometimes)
Orthographic is a set of 3 Isometric is a 3-D sketch
Plane Projections
Diagrams

 Diagrams are simplified versions of a drawing. Diagrams show

how an object works, not necessarily how it looks.
 Diagrams often use symbols rather than actual pictures to
represent things.
A Circuit Diagram

 Doesn’t show what the circuit looks like, but tells an

electrician how its all connected.