KINEMATICS

KINEMATICS

 Kinematics is the study of geometry of

motion and is used to relate
displacement, velocity,. Acceleration and
time without reference to the cause of
motion.
 Rectilinear Motion

 If a particle is restricted to move along a straight line, its

motion is called rectilinear ( or linear ) motion. Such motion
can be described using one coordinate only.

 Displacement of the particle and its derivatives that is ,

velocity and acceleration all are one –dimensional vectors.

 Free fall under the earth’s gravitational field, a car moving

along a straight path are approximated as rectilinear motions.
 Position, distance and displacement:
 The position of a particle is a vector quantity which points from
the origin to the particle. Its magnitude is given by the distance
between them.

 When the particle is set into motion , it follows a path so that the
position changes with time.

 Displacement is the vector difference of the position after an

interval of time and its points from the initial to the final position.

 Distance is the total path traversed along by the particle.

Consider the figure below
SPEED is the distance covered per unit
of time.

SPEED(v) is the rate of motion

 Instantaneous Speed

 Speed of an object at that instant of time.

  “The speed of an object under motion at a
specific point of time.”
Average Speed
 distance, d or x or S


 V =
 d = vt

 Time

 t =
 SOLUTION
 1. Given : V = 4 m/s t = 30 s
 Required: d
 Solution :
 d = vt = 4 m/s ( 30 s) = 120 m

 2. Given: d = 100 m t = 2s
 Required: V
 Solution:
 V = = = 50 m/s
Concepts:

 Acceleration is uniform if the rate of change

of velocity is constant .

 Non uniform acceleration is the rate of

change of velocity is not constant, instead it
changes with time.
 Derived formula

 Vf = Vi + at
 Vi = Vf – at
 t = ; a =
+ 2ad
 a =
 d =
 Vf =

 Vi =

 d = Vi t + ½ a

 If Vi = 0 ( Motion from rest)

 Vf = at a = t =

 d= a a = t =
 EXAMPLE

A car starts from rest and accelerates uniformly, after 5.0 s, its
speed is 20 m/s.
a. What is the acceleration of the car?
b. What is its speed after 2.0 s ?
c. What is the distance travelled in the first 2.0 s .
Given:
Vi = 0
Vf = 20 m/s
t = 5.0 s
 Solution:

 a. a = = = 4 m/

 b. Vf = at = 4 m/ ( 2.0 s) = 8 m/s

 c. d = = = = 8m
 d = 0.5 (4m/= 8 m
 Solution in # 1

 Given : t = 5 h d = 350 km

 Required: V
 Solution:
 V = = 70 km/h, North
 Solution # 2
 Given : Vi = 30 km/h Vf = 60 km/h
t = 11 seconds

Required : a
Solution:
Vi = 30 x = 8.33 m/s

Vf = 60 x = 16.67 m/s

a = = =
a = 0.76 m/
How far does truck go?
 Solution # 3
 Given: Vi = 0 ( from rest) Vf = 20 km/h = 5.56 m/s
 t = 15 s
 Required:
 Solution:
 a. a = =

 b. d = ½ g = ½ ( 0.37 m/
 d = 41.625 m = 42 m

 or d = = = 41.78 m = 42m
 Solution # 4

 Given: Vi = 20 m/s Vf = 0
t = 5 s
 Required: a
 Solution:

 a = = = - 4 m/

 a = - 4 m/
 END
GOD BLESS