CLASSIFICATION OF

MATTER
General and Organic Chemistry
Prof. ROWENA H. ARAGON
 Classification of Matter

MATTER

PURE SUBSTANCES MIXTURE

ELEMENTS COMPOUNDS HOMOGENOEOUS HETEROGENEOUS

 Definition of Terms
 Matter - is anything that occupies space and has
mass.

Pure Substance - is a classification of matter having

constant chemical composition
and characteristic properties.
Classification of Pure Substances
Atoms of an element
 Classification of Elements

a. Metal - any class of substance characterized

by high electrical and thermal
conductivity.

Examples:

Copper, Cu
Gold, Au
Aluminum , Al
 Classification of Elements

b. Non-metal - is an element that does not

produce heat and electricity and that is
structurally brittle.

Examples:

Hydrogen, H
Carbon, C
 Classification of Elements

 c. Metalloid – is an element that has properties

that are intermediate between
those metals and non-metals.

Examples:
Silicon, Si
Germanium, Ge

BASAGTP { Boron, Antimony, Silicon, Arsenic, Germanium. Tellurium, polonium}

 Classifications of Pure Substance

Compound is a substance formed from two or

more elements chemically
combined in fixed proportions.
Examples: NaCl,
Ferric oxide , Ferrous oxide FeO
COMPOUND
Molecules of Compounds

C 𝐶𝐻 4
 Classification of Compounds
1. Inorganic compound - is typically a chemical compound that
lucks carbon-hydrogen bonds.

2. Organic Compounds - is a compound that contain carbon atoms

covalently bonded to hydrogen atoms
( C-H bonds).
 Properties of Oxides
 Any compound with oxygen atom
 An oxide that combines with water to give an acid is termed as an
acidic oxide.
 The oxide that gives a base in water is known as a basic oxide.
 An amphoteric solution is a substance that can chemically react as
either acid or base.
 It can be a neutral oxide.
 Examples: CO - carbon monoxide
 C - carbon dioxide
 Characteristics of Acids
 Sour taste and smell
 with - hydrogen ion as the first element
 pH < 7
 Increases the concentration in water
 BRA - blue litmus paper turns red
 Reacts with metals to produce hydrogen gas.
 Reacts with base to produce salt and water
 Examples: HCl - hydrochloric acid
 HCl - chloric acid
 Characteristics of Bases
bitter taste
pH > 7
Slippery feel
RBB – red litmus paper turns blue
Accepts ( hydroxide ion )
Increases the concentration in water
Examples:
NaOH – sodium hydroxide
Fe(OH - Ferrous hydroxide
Al - aluminum hydroxide
pH - potential of hydrogen ( measures of acidity and alkalinity of a substance)
 Properties of Salts
Most salts are crystalline solid.
Salts may be transparent or opaque.
Most of the salts are soluble in water.
Solutions of salts conduct electricity.
Neutral salts are odorless.
Salts can be colorless or colored.
Salts can be acidic, basic and neutral
examples: NaCl – sodium chloride (neutral)
NCl = ammonium chloride ( acidic)
C = sodium carbonate ( basic )
 Classification of Matter
 MIXTURE is the physical combination of two or
more substances in which the
identities are retained and are mixed
in the form of solutions, suspensions
and colloids.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF MIXTURES
 SOLUTION
 Solution - is defined as a homogeneous mixture which mainly comprises
of two components namely solute and solvent.

 Classifications of Solution

1. solid solution - a solid homogeneous
mixture of substances, as
glass or alloys. Solvent is a solid
and the solute is either a solid, a
liquid or a gas.
 alloy – is a mixture of two or more metals.
ex. 14K –gold ( 58.65% gold, 11.5 – 25% silver, 11.85-23.35% copper, 2-7%
zinc.

 2. liquid solution – is a solution in which the

solvent is a liquid but the
solute is either a solid , a liquid
or a gas.
ex . Salt solution
Vinegar
Oxygen in water
 3. Gas solution - a solution in which the solvent
is a gas and the solute is either a
solid, a liquid or a gas.

ex. Clean air

napthalene
smog
 Types of Solution
Unsaturated solution – is a solution in which a solvent is capable of
dissolving anymore solute at a given temperature.

Saturated solution - is a solution in which a solvent is not capable of

dissolving anymore solute at a given temperature.

Supersaturated solution – comprises of a large amount of solute at a

temperature wherein it will be reduced as a result the extra solute will
crystallize quickly.
 Forms of Solution
 Aqueous solution – when a solute is dissolved in water the solution is
called an aqueous solution.
 Examples:
 salt in water, copper sulfate in water

 Non-aqueous solution – when a solute is dissolved in a solvent other

than water.
 Examples:
 phosphorus in ethyl alcohol
 iodine in carbon tetrachloride
 Concentrations of Solution
 Dilute solution – is a solution that contains a small amount of solute in
a large amount of solvent.
 Example:
 40% alcohol

 Concentrated solution is a solution that contains a large amount of

solute in a small amount of solvent.
 Example:
 70% alcohol
CLASSIFICATION OF MIXTURE
 THANK YOU

GOD BLESS