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CH 3 - MOTION
:
Branches of mechanics
a. Kinematics – study of motion w/o considering the cause.
( CH – 3 )
b. Dynamics – study of motion & causes.
Formula: V =
where : S = distance, km, m
V = velocity, Km.hr, m/s
t = time , seconds, hr.
2. Uniform Accelerated motion – motion in w/c the velocity is not
constant but increase and decrease by uniform rate or
changes In magnitude or direction.
Formula:
1. Vf = Vo + at 1. Vf = Vo + gt
2. Vf 2 = Vo 2 + 2aS 2. Vf 2 = Vo 2 + 2gS
3. S = Vot + ½ at2 3. S = Vot + ½ gt 2
LEGEND OF THE FORMULA
Vo – initial velocity, m/s ,km/hr Vf = final velocity, m/s , cm/s
S – distance/displacement, m,km t = time ,sec a = acceleration , m/s 2
g = gravitational acceleration
= 9.8 m/ , 980 cm/ , 32 ft/
Draw the motion: ( what to study about motion ) USING THIS GUIDE
.
Illustrative example:. A truck speed increase uniformly from
10 m/s to 30 m/s in 20 sec. Calculate : a) acceleration, b) S=?
Vo = 10m/s Vf = 30m/s
acceleration, a
time.t = 20 s
distance, S
= , cancel t
Solution: a) find the acceleration ( using formula # 1 )
a= =
a = 1 m/ answer
Solution: b) find the distance travelled by the truck .
S = Vot + ½ a
S = 10 (m/s)(20s) + ½ (1m/
Solution: b) find the distance travelled by the truck .
S = Vot + ½ a
S = 10 (m/s)(20s) + ½ (1m/
S = 200 m + 200 m
S = 400 meters answer
how to use other words seen in the problem:
1 2
acceleration, a= 3m/s2
time.t= 5 sec
distance, S=?
Solution : when Vo = 0 ( start from rest )
S =Vot + ½ at2 =
½ at2 = ½ (3m/s2 )( 5s) 2
S = 37.5 m (answer )
. PROBLEM 3 . A bus is travelling at 40 m/s when the breaks are
applied. It comes to stop after 20 sec. . Find a. acceleration
b. distance travel after the break
Problem 2 : A bus is travelling at 40 m/s when the breaks are applied. It comes
to stop after 20 sec. . Find a. acceleration b. distance travel after the break
SOLUTION
BUS at point 1 (move ) BUS at point 2
1 2
Vo = 40 m/s Vf = 0 ( stop )
acceleration, a= ?
time. T = 20 s
distance, S=?
Try : a ) by formula # 1 ( modified ) a = (vf – vo) / t a = - 2m/s^2
b ) use formula # 3 S = Vot + ½ at^2 S = 400 m
3. Free falling motion
- when the motion is influenced by the earth’s gravitational
force or gravity.
- motion is straight line but vertical .
ex. Dropping a coin, water falls, throw object upward
object 1 Vo
at point 1 H (height)
t =(time)
g = constant
object at 2
point 2 Vf
ground
Formula for free falling bodies or motion
Formula:
Uniform Acc. Motion Free falls motion
a replace by g
1. Vf = Vo + at 1. Vf = Vo + gt
2. Vf 2 = Vo 2 + 2aS 2. Vf 2 = Vo 2 + 2gS
3. S = Vot + ½ at2 3. S = Vot + ½ gt 2
Vf = ?
2
stone falls
Illustrative problem. . A stone is dropped from rest from the top of a t a tall
building, after 3 sec. of fall find:
a. displacement of the stone b. velocity of the stone
Vf = ?
2
stone falls
Illustrative problem. . A stone is dropped from rest from the top of a tall
bldg. after 3 sec. of fall find:
a. displacement of the stone b. velocity of the stone
Solution :
0 (0)(3s)=0
a) Find S or Height : S = Vot + ½ g t2 = ½ (9.8 m/s2)(3s)2
S = 44.1 meters ( answer )
0
b) Find Vf = ? : Vf = Vo + gt = gt = ( 9.8 m/s/s)( 3s )
Vf = 29.4 m/s answer
Illustrative problem 3. . A ball is dropped from a window 50m above the ground.
a) How long ( time ) does it take the ball to reach the
ground ?
b). What is its final velocity ?
Illustrative problem 3. . A ball is dropped from a window 50m above the
ground. a) How long ( time ) does it take the ball to reach the Ground ?
b). What is its final velocity ?
0
b) Find Vf =? : Vf = Vo + gt = gt = ( 9.8 m/s/s)( 3.19s )
Vf = 31.30 m/s answer