Free Fall

Christian Huygens
who invented the
pendulum clock in 1656,
was the first to measure
g. He showed that g
could be calculated from
the swing of pendulum
using only a ruler and a
good timepiece.
Free fall
• The displacement •The final velocity of
of falling objects in falling objects can be
a given period of calculated by the
time is computed equations:
by the equation:
•vf²= vi² + 2gd
•d = vit + gt² •vf= vi + gt
2
The time a female
bungee jumper is freely
falling is 1.5 seconds.

a. What is the
velocity of the
jumper at the end
of 1.5 seconds?
b. How far does she
fall?
Given:
vi= 0 (jumper starts from rest)
t= 1.5 s
g= 9.8 m/s²
Find: a. vf b. d
 Solution: b. d= vit + gt²
2
= 0 + 1(9.8m/s²) (1.5s)²

= 0 +21(9.8m/s²) (2.25s)²

d= 11.025
2 m or 11m
a. vf= vi + gt
= 0+ (9.8 m/s²) ( 1.5s)
vf = 14.7 m/s or 15m/s
Changes in velocity experienced
by object in upward motion

The velocity decreases as the

object rises until its velocity
momentarily becomes zero as it
reaches the maximum height and
then falls back toward the earth
with increasing velocity.
Sample problem

A juggler tosses three balls alternately

vertically upward. Each ball has an initial
velocity of 5m/s.
a. How high does each ball rise?
b. How long does each ball remains in
the air?
Given: vi=5 m/s g= -9.8 m/s² (upward)
Find: a. d b. tT
a. At the highest point of the path of the ball, vf= 0. Thus,
vf² = vi² + 2gd
0 = vi² + 2gd = 25m²/s²
-vi² 19.6 m/s²
d = 2g
=-(5m/s)²
2(-9.8 m/s)² d= 1.28 m
Given: vi=5 m/s g= -9.8 m/s² (upward)
Find: a. d b. tT
b. The time to rise is half the total time
tT = 2t (up)
=2(0.51 s)
=2 vf – vi
g
=2 0 – 5 m/s tT= 1.02s
- 9.8 m/s²
Projectile motion
SEPAK
TAKRAW
Projectile motion consist of horizontal and vertical motion
 Angle Launched
Projectiles

Horizontally Launched
Projectiles
 Horizontal Motion
X component
 Neglect air resistance
 There is a constant horizontal velocity
(Vx)
 Horizontal acceleration is 0. ax=0
 We call the horizontal distance as RANGE.
(dx)
 Vertical Motion
Y component
 The force acting upon in this motion is the force of
gravity. (g= ay=ag) g= - 0.98 m/s 2

 Vertical velocity is not constant. V y

 We call the vertical distance as height.
h= d y
Example: Horizontal
Launched Projectile
Given: Formula:
dx= 0.70 m dy= ½agt²
vi= 1.50 m/s t= dx
Ag= 9.8 m/s2 vi
a. How high is the table?
t= 0.70m dy=(9.8 m/s2) (0.47s)²
1.50 m/s
t= 0.47 s dy=(9.8 m/s²) (0.229s²)
2
dy=2.16482m/2
dy=1.08 m
Given: Formula:
dx = 0.70 m √
2 𝑎𝑔𝑑𝑦
vf=
Vi = 1.50 m/s
a= 9.8 m/s2
d=1.08 m
b. What is the final velocity of the marble just before it hits the cup?

Vf =√ ( 2 ) ¿ ¿
Vf = 2 1.168 𝑚 2/ 𝑠 2
Vf = - 4.6 m/s
(-) indicates downward direction
Write True in the space provided if the following statements are
correct and is false, change the underline word or phrase to make the
statement/s correct.

1. As the projectile reaches its highest

peak, the vertical velocity
continuously increases. Becomes zero

2. When an object is horizontally

launched its motion gradually increases.TRUE
Write True in the space provided if the following statements
are correct and is false, change the underline word or phrase
to make the statement/s correct.

3. In an angle- launched projectile the

vertical velocity remains constant. Changes

4. As the projectile reaches the

maximum height its vertical velocity
becomes zero. TRUE
5. The horizontal acceleration (ax) of a
projectile is equal to 9.8 m/s². 0m/s²

6. The horizontal velocity in horizontal

TRUE
launched projectile is constant.

7. In angle- launched projectile, as the

projectile rises
TRUEits vertical velocity
decreases.
8. The acceleration due to gravity is
equal to zero. 9.8m/s²

9. As a projectile approach to the ground

its vertical velocity decreases. increases

10. There is external force acting on the

horizontal motion of a projectile. No external force
Summary
Projectile motion may be describe using
descriptions of horizontal and vertical
motion.
A projectile is an object that is given an
initial velocity and is then acted solely upon
by gravitational force.
A trajectory is a path followed by a
projectile.
Summary

The path of an object under projectile

motion follows a parabola.
Because of the gravity on earth and
horizontal velocity, an object travels in
a parabolic arc.
Summary
As the object moves up, the magnitude of
velocity (vy) gradually decreases, thus it shows
that the object is slowing down and has vertical
velocity of 0 m/s at its maximum height.
As the object downs, the vertical velocity (vy)
gradually increases, thus its shows that the
object is speeding up which is influenced by a
force due to gravity.
Summary
An object projected horizontally will fall
down at the same rate as another one that is
dropped, thus both objects will hit the
ground at the same time.
In horizontally launched projectile, the
magnitude of the y-component of the
velocity (vy) gradually increases as it falls
due to the acceleration due to gravity.
Summary
The x exponent of its velocity is constant since there is
no net force acting on it and it is moving on accordance
with the Law of Inertia.
In angle-launched projectiles, the x-component of the
velocity does not change since no net force is acting on
the x-direction, it moves continuously due to inertia.
The magnitude of the y-component of its velocity
gradually decreases as it approaches the maximum
height.
Summary
As it reaches the maximum height its
velocity along the y-axis becomes 0 m/s. As
the projectile goes down. It gradually gains
velocity along the y-axis.
In a gravity –and- air resistance- free
situation a projectile will move in a straight
line due to the consequence of inertia.