What is the conservation of

momentum?
THE LAW OF CONSERVATION
OF MOMENTUM
For a collision occurring between objects in an
isolate system, the total momentum of the
objects before collision is equal to the total
momentum of the objects after the collision
THE LAW OF CONSERVATION
OF MOMENTUM

Pbefore = Pafter
P1 + P 2 = P 1 ’ + P 2 ’
m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1’ + m2v2’
COLLISION
A collision is a short-
duration interaction between
two objects.
COLLISION
Also, it is an event where
momentum or kinetic
energy is transferred from
one object to another.
TYPES OF COLLISION
ELASTIC COLLISION
 The objects bounce apart.
 Both momentum and energy are
conserved
ELASTIC COLLISION

Pbefore = Pafter
P1 + P2i= P1 + P2f
m1v1i + m2v2i = m1v1f + m2v2f
SAMPLE 1ELASTIC COLLISION
WhatA is the
7kgmomentum
ball thatbefore and after collision?
is moving at 12 m/s to
m1 = 0.25kg
V1 = 4.5m/s
m2 = 0.30kg
theV left
m1 = 0.25kg
V1 = -2.0m/s
m2 = 0.30kg
strikes a 6kg ball
Momentum before collision: 2 = -5.0m/s V 2 = 0.417m
moving at 11 m/s to the right. Determine the velocity after the
First marble
p =collision of the object if the second other object moves to the right
(0.25kg) (4.5m/s)=(1.125kg.m/s)
Secondwith
marblea final velocity of 15 m/s. Assume Ptotal=-0.375
that the collision occur in
p = (0.30kg) (-5.0m/s)= (-1.5kg.m/s)
an isolated system.
Momentum after collision: After Collision =
Before Collision
First marbleGiven:
m1 = 7kg
p =(0.25kg) (-2.0m/s)=(-0.5kg.m/s) m1 =
7kg
Second marble: V1 = -12 m/s V1 ?=
Ptotal=-0.375
m = 6kg
p = (0.30kg)(0.417m/s)=0.125kg
2
m/s m2 = 6kg
11 m/s 15 m/s
V2 = V2 =
Given: Before Collision = After Collision
m1 = 7kg m1 = 7kg
V1 = -12 m/s V1 = ?
m2 = 6kg m2 = 6kg
V2 = 11 m/s V2 = 15 m/s
Asked: Initial velocity velocity of the first object
Solution: Pbefore = Pafter
PI + P2i = PI + P2 f
mv1i + m2v2i = m1v1f + m2v2f
(7kg) (-12 m/s) + (6kg) (11 m/s) = (7kg) (V1 ) + (6kg) (15 m/s)
(-84 kg.m/s) + (66 kg.m/s) = (7 kg) (V1 ) + (90 kg.m/s)
-18 kg.m/s = (7 kg) (V1 ) + 90 kg.m/s
-18 kg.m/s +(-90 kg.m/s) = (7 kg) (V1 )
-108 kg.m/s = (7 kg) (V1 )
-108 kg.m/s = (7 kg) (V1 )
(7 kg) (7 kg)
-15.43 m/s (to the left) = (V1)
SAMPLE 1 ELASTIC COLLISION
What is the momentum before and after collision?
Momentum before collision:
First object
p = (7 kg) (-12 m/s) = -84 kg.m/s ptotal
Second object -18 kg.m/s
p = (6kg) (11 m/s) = 66 kg.m/s

Momentum after collision:

First object
p = (7 kg) (-15.43 m/s) = -108 kg.m/s p total
Second object
p = (6 kg)(15 m/s) = 90 kg.m/s -18 kg.m/s
ELASTIC COLLISION
Momentum and kinetic energy are conserved and
can be calculated using:
m1v1i + m2v2i = m1v1f + m2v2f

KINETIC ENERGY
½m1v1i2 + ½m2v2i2 = ½m1v1f2 + ½m2v2f2
SAMPLE 1ELASTIC COLLISION
A 0.015 kg marble moving to the right at 0.225 m/s makes an elastic head-on collision
with a 0.030 kg shooter marble moving to the left at 0.180 m/s. After the collision, the
smaller marble moves to the left at 0.315 m/s and the bigger marble moves at 0.09m/s.
Assume that neither marble rotates before or after the collision and that both marbles are
moving on a frictionless surface. What is the kinetic energy before and after collision?

Given: Before Collision After Collision =

m1 = 0.015kg m1 =
0.015kg
V1 = 0.225m/s V1 -0.315
= m/s
m2 = 0.030kg m2 = 0.030kg
-0.180m/s 0.09m/s
V2 = V2 =
 Given: Before Collision = After Collision
m1 = 0.015 kg m1 = 0.015 kg
V1 = 0.225 m/s V1 = -0.315 m/s
m2 = 0.030kg m2 = 0.030 kg
V2 = -0.180 m/s V2 = 0.09m/s
Asked: Kinetic energy
Solution:
KEbefore = KEafter
½m1v1i2 + ½m2v2i2 = ½m1v1f2 + ½m2v2f2
½(0.015kg)(0.225m/s)2 + ½(0.030kg) (-0.180m/s)2 = ½(0.015kg)(-0.315m/s)2 +½(0.030kg)(0.09m/s)2
3.8 x10-4 kg. m2/s2 + 4.86 x10-4 kg. m2/s2 = 7.44 x10-4 kg. m2/s2 + 1.22 x10-4 kg. m2/s2
8.66 x 10-4 J = 8.66 x J
10-4
INELASTIC COLLISION

 The objects stick together.

 Momentum is conserved.
INELASTIC COLLISION
m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+ m2)vf

Since the objects stick together after the

collision, the masses must be added together
for the final velocity.
INELASTIC COLLISION
Momentum is conserved. Calculated by
using:
m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+ m2)vf

Kinetic energy is not conserved. Calculated

by using:
∆KE = KEf - KEi
SAMPLE 1INELASTIC COLLISION
A 1850 kg luxury sedan stopped at a traffic light is struck from the
rear by a compact car with a mass of 975 kg. The two cars become
entangled as a result of the collision. If the compact car was moving at
a velocity of 22.0 m/s to the north before the collision, what is the
velocity of the entangled mass after the collision?
Given:
m1 = 1850kg
V1 = 0m/s
m2 = 975kg
22m/s
V2 =
SAMPLE 1INELASTIC COLLISION
Given:
m1 = 1850 kg m2 = 975 kg
V1 = 0 m/s V1 = 22 m/s
Before Collision After Collision
m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+ m2)vf
(1850kg)(0 m/s) + (975 kg) (22m/s) = (1850kg + 975 kg)(Vf)
(0 kgm/s) + (21, 450 kg.m/s) = (2825 kg) (Vf)
(Vf) = 21450 kg m/s
2825 kg
Vf = 7.59 m/s
INELASTIC COLLISION
Kinetic energy is not conserved. Calculated
by using:
∆KE = KEf - KEi
SAMPLE 2INELASTIC COLLISION
A 5 kg magnetic ball that is moving at 10m/s to the left strikes a 6 kg
magnetic ball moving at 12 m/s to the right. The two magnetic balls
stick together after they collide. Find the final speed of the composite
ball. Determine the type of collision mathematically.

Given:
m1 = 5kg
V1 = -10m/s
m2 = 6kg
12m/s
V2 =
SAMPLE 2INELASTIC COLLISION
Given:
m1 = 5kg m2 = 6kg
V1 = -10 m/s V2 = 12m/s
Before Collision After Collision
m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+ m2)vf
(5kg)(-10 m/s)+ (6kg)(12m/s) = (5kg + 6kg)(Vf)
(-50 kg.m/s)+ (72kgm/s) = (11 kg)(Vf)
(22kgm/s) = 11 kg (Vf)
(Vf) = 22 kg m/s
11 kg
Vf = 2 m/s
Note: Total kinetic energy before collision is not equal to the total energy
after collision.
Solution:
Before collision After Collision
1/2 m1v12 + 1/2 m2 v2 2 ≠ 1/2 m1v12 + 1/2 m2 v2 2

1/2(5kg) (-10m/s)2 +1/2(6kg) (12m/s)2 ≠ 1/2(11kg)(2m/s)2 + 1/2(11kg)(2m/s)2

250 kg. m2/s2 + 432kg. m2/s2 ≠ 22kg. m2/s2 + 22 kg. m2/s2

682 J ≠ 44 J
∆KE = KEf - KEi
= 44 J – 682J
= -638J