S T U D l ES l N T H E

PSY C H O LO G Y O F S EX .

Th e “
S tu d i es i n th e Psy c h o l ogy
of be c o m p l e ted
”
S ex w i ll pro b abl y
in five v ol u m e s . E ac h v ol u m e i s
so ld se p aratel y ,
an d is c o m p l et e i n
i tself .

Th i s i s th e o n ly e di ti o n in Eng
l i sh pu b l i sh e d b y th e a u th o r ’
s p er

m i ss ion .
 C O P Y R I G H T , 190 1,

BY

F . A . D AV I S C O MP A N Y .

! R eg i s t e red at S tat i o ne rs H al l , L ond on E ng

.
]

e
P hi l ad l phi a. U 8 A
. . .

e e
T he M d i cal B u ll ti n P ri nti ng hou s -
e .

19 14 16 C he
- rry S tr eet .
 P RE F A CE TO S EC O ND ED I T I O N .

A L TH O UG H i t is s c arc el y f our y ears sin c e th is b oo k w as

publ ish ed i t has had a some wh at eventfu l h is t ory I t w as
,
.

fav orabl y r ec ei v ed b y th e m edi c al pr ess on i t s fi rst pub l i c at ion

in L ondon and no att emp t was m ad e t o b ring i t b ef ore th e
gen eral pub l i c A pros ec ut ion was h o w ev er ini t i at ed b y th e
.
, ,

po l i c e against a b oo kse ll er wh o so l d the b oo k an d th e R ec ord er

,

o f London ( the l at e Sir Ch arl es H all ) sitt ing as a judge finally

, ,

d ec id ed th at i t was no t a s c i en t i fic w ork an d ord ered i t t o be

,

d es t roy ed I t was a d ep l orabl e d ec ision from m any poin t s o f

.

v i ew th o u gh I n eed s c ar c ely s ay th at I w as able t o b ear wi th

,

e q u animi t y th e re c ord er s opinion o f my bo o k s s c i en t i fic v al u e ;

’ ’

I h av e the sat is fact ion o f k no w ing that n ei th er in my o w n c o u n

t ry nor in c on t in e n t al E u rop e nor in A m eri c a has anyon e e n
, , ,

t i tl e d t o an au th ori t at i v e opinion on th e su bj e ct s w i th wh i ch I
d eal pronoun c e d ad v ers el y t o my b oo k wh i l e on th e o th e r h and
, , ,

m any h av e spo k en in i t s fav or in t erms more fl att ering th an I

c an v en t ur e t o th in k th at I d ese r v e A t th e sam e t ime I hav e
.

no w is h t o ac t in opposi t ion t o th e l aw s o f my c oun t ry ev en as ,

int erpret ed b y am at eu r exp ert s on th e j ud i c i al b en ch an d i m ,

m ed i ate l y th e issu e o f the B ed b orou gh c as e w as kn o w n I d ecl ar ed

m y in t en t ion no t t o publ ish any o f th e fu rth e r v o l um es o f my
S tu di es i n the P sychology of S ea: in E n gl an d So f ar as I h av e
.

b ee n abl e t o c on t ro l th e m att e r I hav e mos t s t ri ctl y ad h e r e d

,

t o th is reso l ut ion .

I n th e me anwh i l e I pro c eed ed t o rev ise an d enl arge my

b oo k aid e d in th is t as k b y m any fri ends an d c orr e spond e nt s
,
.

El ev en n ew c as es h av e b een add ed ; th es e are III V III IX X , , , ,

X I XII XIII XX V I XXX V XXX V I an d XXXV II som e o f

, , , , , , ,

th em b eing I c onsid er o f mu ch psy ch o l ogi c al in te res t Many

, , .

addi t ions an d n ec essary c orrect ions h av e al so b een mad e

th roug h ou t th ough the st and poin t and m ain c on cl u si ons re
,
-

( )
iii
 P RE FA C E TO S EC O ND ED I T IO N .

m ain th e s am e T h e on l y omission m ad e is th at o f a b ri ef
.

app endix w ri tt en f or m e b y a w om an p h ysi c i an .

A s i t no w s t ands th is is th e on ly e di t ion o f my b oo k in
,

E ngl is h au th orize d b y m e : A ny o th er edi t ion o f th is b oo k or

o f any v o l um e o f my S tu d i es i n the P sychology of S ex is iss u e d
w i th ou t my au th oriz at ion and against my w ish .

H AVELO C K E LL I S .

Carb is Water ,
Lelan t Co rnw all
, ,
E nglan d ,
Ju ne 24 , 190 1 .
 P RE F A CE TO F I RS T ED I T I O N .

I T w asno t my int en t ion t o publ ish a st udy o f an ab normal

m ani fest at ion o f the s exual i nst in ct b efore dis c ussi ng i t s norm al
m ani fest at io n s I t has h appe n ed h o wev er th at th is p art o f my
.
, ,

w or k is r eady fi rs t an d sin c e I th us g ain a l ong e r p e riod t o

, ,

d ev el op the c ent ral p ar t o f my su bj ect I do no t r egret th e ,

ch ang e o f p l an .

I had no t at fi rst propos ed t o d ev o t e a wh o l e v ol um e t o

s ex u al in ve rsion It m ay ev en b e th at I was in cl in ed t o sl u r
.

i t o v er as an unp l eas ant s u bj ect an d on e th at i t w as no t w ise

,

t o en l arge on B u t I f ound in t im e th at several p ersons for

.

wh om I felt r esp ect an d admirat ion w er e the c o n geni t al su b j e ct s

o f th is ab normal i t y A t the sam e t im e I r eal iz ed th at in E ng
.

l and mor e th an in any o th er c o u n t ry th e l aw and p u bl i c opin

, ,

ion c om b in e t o p l ac e a h eav y p en al b urd en and a sev ere so c i al

s t i gm a on th e m ani fes tat ions o f an i n s t in ct wh i ch t o t h o se p er
sons who poss e ss i t frequentl y app ears nat u ral an d norm al It .

w as cl e ar th ere f or e th at th e m att e r w as in sp e c i al n e e d o f
, ,

e l u c id at ion an d dis c ussion .

Th er e c an b e no doubt that a p ec ul i ar amoun t o f ign oran c e

exis t s r eg arding th e sub j ect o f s exu al in v ersion I kno w m ed .

’
i c al m en o f m any y ears gen eral exp eri en c e wh o h ave n ev er t o ,

t h eir knowl edg e c om e ac ross a sing l e c as e We m ay r em emb er

,
.
,

ind eed th at some fift een y ears ago th e t o t al numb er o f c as es

,

rec ord ed in s c i en t i fic l i t erat ur e s c arc el y equal ed th ose o f Bri t ish

rac e wh i ch I hav e o bt ain ed an d th at b ef or e my firs t c as es w ere
,

publ is h ed no t a single Bri t is h c as e un c onn ect ed w i th th e asyl um

,

or th e priso n h ad ev e r b e en r ec ord e d Pro b abl y no t a v ery

,
.

l arg e num b e r o f p e op l e are e v e n aw ar e th at the t urning in o f

th e s e xu al ins t i n ct t o w ard p e rsons o f th e s am e s ex c an ev e r b e
r egard e d as in b orn so f ar as any s exu al i n s t in ct is in b or n A nd
, .

ve ry f ew ind eed w o u l d no t b e surprised i f i t w er e po ssibl e t o

, ,

( )
V
vi P RE FA C E TO F I R ST ED I T I O N .

publ ish a l is t o f th e n am es o f sex u all y in v ert ed m en an d w om en

wh o at the pr e s e n t t im e are h o n or abl y k no w n in ch urch s t at e , ,

so c i e t y art or l e tt ers I t c o u l d no t be posi t i v el y affi rm ed o f

, ,
.

al l su ch p e rsons th at th ey w er e b orn in v ert e d b u t in mos t th e ,

in vert ed t end en c y s eems t o be inst in ct i v e and app ears at a som e ,

what early age I n any c as e h o w ev er i t mus t b e real iz e d th at

.
, ,

in th is v o l um e w e are no t d eal ing w i th subj ect s b el onging t o the

l unat i c asy l u m or the prison We are c o n c ern ed w i th indi v id u al s
.

wh o l i v e in fr eedom som e o f th em su ff ering in t en s ely from th eir

,

ab norm al org aniz at ion b u t o the rw is e ordin ary m e m b ers o f so

,

c i ety
. I n a f ew c as e s w e are c o n c ern ed w i th indi v id u al s wh os e
moral or art ist i c id eal s h av e w id ely influ en ce d th eir fell o w s wh o ,

k n o w no th i n g o f th e p e c u l i ar organiz at ion wh i ch has l arg el y

mo l d ed th os e ide al s .

I am i n d ebt e d t o s e v er al fri e nds f or no t e s o b s er v at io n s , ,

an d c orr e spo n d e n c e on th is s u bj e ct mor e e sp e c i ally t o o n e , ,

“
r e ferr e d t o as an d t o an o th e r as Q wh o h a v e o b ,
”

tai n e d a c onsid e r abl e numb e r o f r e l i abl e h is t o ri e s f or m e ,

“
an d h av e al so s u pp l i e d m any v al u abl e n o t e s ; t o Josi ah
F ly n t ( wh os e ar t i cl e s on t r amps i n Atla n ti c Mon thly an d
”

H a rp er s M agaz i ne h av e a tt r act e d w id e att e n t ion ) f or an

’

a pp endix on h omos exu al i t y among t r amps ; t o D rs Ki ern an .

,

L yd ston and T alb o t f or as si s t an c e at v arious poin t s no t e d in

,

th e t ex t ; an d t o D r K an A m eri c an w om an p h ysi c i an wh o
. .
, ,

k i n d ly assis t ed m e in o bt aini n g c as es an d has al so supp l ie d an ,

app endix O th er o bl igat ions are m en t io n ed i n th e t ext

. .

All th os e por t io n s o f th e b oo k wh i ch are o f m edi c al or

m edi c o l egal in t eres t i n cl udi ng mos t o f th e c as es h av e app eared
-

, ,

duri n g the las t th ree y ears in th e Ali eni s t a nd N eu rologi s t the ,

J ou rn al of M en tal S ci en ce th e C en tra lbla tt f ii r N ervenhei lk u n cl e

, ,

the Mcali c o lega l J ou rn a l an d th e Archi vi o de lle P s i cop a ti e

-
,

S es s ua le T h e c as e s as th ey app e ar in th e pr e s e n t v o l u m e
.
, ,

h av e b e e n s l ightl y c o n d e n s ed b u t no th ing o f g e n u i n e psy ch o

,

l ogi c al i n t e r e s t h as b e e n o mi tt e d O w ing t o som e d el ay i n .

th e pu bl i c at io n o f th e E n g l is h e di t ion o f th e w or k a G e r ,

m an t rans l at ion b y my f ri e nd D r H ans K u rel l a e di t or o f th e ,

.
,

C cn tra lbla tt f u r N erven hei llcu n d e has al r eady app ear e d ( 1 896 ) ,
 P RE FA C E TO FI R S T ED I T I O N .

in the B i blio thek fu r S oz i a lwis senscha ft Th e G erman edi t ion .

c o nt ains some m att er wh i ch has fi n all y b een r ej e ct ed from th e

E n g l ish edi t ion as o f mi nor impor t an c e ; on the o th er hand ,

mu ch has b een add ed t o the E ngl ish edi t ion and th e wh o l e c ar e ,

fu lly rev i se d .

I h av e on l y t o ad d th at i f i t m ay s eem th at I hav e undul y

ignored the c ases an d argumen t s b ro u ght f orw ard by o th er
w ri t ers i t is by no m eans b ec ause I w is h t o d eprec iate th e val u
,

able w or k don e b y my pred e c e ssors in th is fi el d I t is so l el y .

b ec ause I h av e no t d e sired t o popu l ariz e th e result s pr ev ious ly

reach e d b u t s i mp l y t o b ring f orward my own r es u lt s I f I had
,
.

no t b een abl e t o presen t n ew fact s i n what i s pe rh aps a new

l ight I sh o u l d no t fe el j us t ifi e d in appro ach ing th e su b j ect o f
,

s exual in v ersion at al l .

H AVELO C K E LL I S .

O ct o be r ,
1897 .
 C O N T EN TS .

CH AP TE R I .

INT R O D UC T I O N .

—
H omo s e x u a l i t y Amo ng A n im a l s Amo ng t he L o w e r H u m a n R a c e s
The Alb a n i a n s The G re e k s T h e E s k imo— T h e Tri be s o f t h e
— —
—
N orthw es t U n i te d S t a te s H omo se x u a l i t y a mo ng S o l di e r s i n
—
E u rop e I n di ff e re n c e F req u e n tl y Ma n i fe s te d b y E u rop e a n L o w e r
C l a s s es S e xu a l I nv e r s io n a t R om e—
— H omo se x u a l i ty i n P ri s o n s
Amo ng Me n o f E x ce p t io na l I n telle ct a nd Mora l L ea de rs
-

Mu re t Mi ch el a ngel o— W i nke l m a nn—H omo se xu a l i t y i n E ngl i s h

—
H i s t ory— W a lt Wh i t m a n — V e rl a i ne —B u r t o n s Cl im a t i c T h e ory
’

o f H omo s ex u a l i ty—The R a c i a l F a ct or—Th e P rev a lence o f H om e

se x u a l i ty T O d a y
-

CHA P TE R II .

T H E S T U D Y O F S E X U AL I N V E R S I O N .

W e s tp h a l H o s s l i C a s p e r U l ri ch s T a m o w s k y K ra fit E b i ng
'
-

M o ll—S c h re nc k N o t zi ng—C h e va l i e r— F ere—

-
Ki er n a n—L y d st o n
R afl al ov ic h
'

C HA P T E R III .

S E X UAL I N V E R S I O N I N ME N .

R e l a t i vel y U n di ff e re nt i a te d S ta te o f t he S e x u a l I mp u l s e i n E a rl y
L i fe— H omo s e xu a l i t y i n S ch oo l s—L a t e nt I nv e r s io n—R a ri ty o f
e se u a —
A cq ir d H omo x l i ty C l a s si fic a t i o n o f th e V a ri etie s o f S ex
u

u a l I n vers io n— S imp l e I n v e r s io n—C a s e s I t o XXX— P s y c h o s e x

u a l He rm a p h rodi t i s m—C a s e s XXX I t o XX X V III

C HA P T E R I V .

S E X U A L I N V E R S I O N I N WO M E N .

—
P re v a le n ce o f S e x u a l I n v e r s io n Amo ng W ome n Amo ng t h e L o w e r
R a ce s — Tempora ry H omo s e xu a l it y i n S ch ool s et c , Ca se s
.
-

XXXI X XL II— P h y s i ca l a nd P s y ch i c C h a ra cte ri s t i c s o f I nv e rte d

-

W om e n—T he Mod e rn D evel opm en t o f H omo s e xu al i ty Amo ng

W om e n— H omo s exu a l i ty Amo ng P ro s ti tu te s
X CO N T E N TS .

CHA P T E R V .

TH E N A T UR E O F S EX UA L I N V E R S I O N .

A na l y s i s o f H i s t ori e s R a ce He re di ty G e ne ra l Health F irs t

Appea ra n ce o f H omo s e xu a l I mp u l se S e xu a l P re c o c i ty a nd
H ype re s the s i a— S u gge s t io n a nd O the r E x c i t i ng C a u se s o f In ve r
s io n — M a t u r b a t io n
s — —
A tt i tu de To w a rd W omen E ro t i c D rea m s
— Me th od s o f S e x u a l R el a t io n s h i —P se u do se xu a l A ttra ct io n
p
-

—
P h y s i c a l S e x u a l A bn orm a l i t i e s Ar t i s t i c a n d O th e r Ap t i tu de s
Mora l A tt i t u d e o f t he I n ve rt .

C HA P T E R VI .

TH E T H EO R Y
E X UA L I N V E R S I O N
O F S .

— —
Wha t i s S e xu a l Inve rs io n l Ca s e s o f D i ve rgi ng V i e w The T heory
u s

—
o f S u gge s t io n U n w orka ble I mporta n ce o f t he C o ngen i ta l E le
— —
m en t i n I nve rs io n T he T he ory o f th e F em a le S o u l E m b ryo ni c
—
H e rm a p h rodi t i s m a s a K e y t o I n ve rs io n I n ve r s io n a s a V a ri a
t io n or S port —C omp a ri s o n w ith C o l or bl i nd ne s s C o l or h ea r
“ ”
-
,
-

—
i ng a nd S imi l a r A b n orm a l i t ie s Wh a t i s a n A b n orm a l i t y
,
— N ot
—
N e c e s s a ril y a D i s ea se R e l a t io n o f I n ve r s io n t o De ge n e ra t io n
E x c i t i ng C a u se s o f I n ve rs io n—S e l do m O pe ra t i v e i n t h e A b se n c e
o f P re di s po s i tio n

CH AP TE R VII .

NC L US I O NS
C O .

—
P re v e nt io n o f H omo s e x u a l i ty Th e I n fl u e nc e o f t he S ch oo l C o —
e d u c a t io n The Trea t m e nt o f S e x u a l I n v e r s io n C ri t i c i s m o f
S c h re nc k N o t z i ng s Me th od s Me n ta l a nd P h y s i ca l Hygiene
’
-

—
Th e L imi t s t o t h e R a di ca l C u re o f Inv e r s io n T h e Ch il dre n o f
— —
I nve rts Th e A tt i tu de o f S o c ie t y O rigi n O f t he H o rror Aro u se d
—
b y H omo se xu al it y C onne ctio n Be tw een H omo se xu a l i ty a nd I n
— — —
f a nt i c i d e J u s t i n i a n The C od e N ap o l eon T h e S t a te o f t h e L a w
— — —
i n E u rop e T O d a y G e rm a ny E ngl a nd Wh a t S h o u l d b e o u r
-

A tt i tu de t o w a rd H o m o se x u a l i t y t ’

AP P E N D IX A .

H omo sex u a l i ty Amo ng Tra mp s

AP P E N D IX B .

U l ri c h s
’
s V ie w s
 CO NT E NT S . xi

A P P E N D IX C .

L e tte r from P ro fe s s or X .

A P P E N D IX D .

Th e S ch oo l f ri e nd s h ip s o f G irl s
-

A P P E N D IX E .

C o u n te s s S a ro l ta V .
 S E XU AL INVERSIO N .

CH A PT ER I .

I N T RO D U C T I O N .

H omosexu al i ty a mong —
Animal s Am o ng th e L o we r H u m an R a ce s
T he A lba ni ans Th e G re e k s —
— T he E s k im o —T h e Tri bes o f t h e N or thw e s t
U ni te d S ta tes —H omose x u a l i ty a mo ng S o l di e rs i n E u rope —I ndi ff e re n ce
u e —
F re q entl y Mani fe st ed b y E u ropean L o w r Clas se s S e x u a l I nv e rs i o n a t
— —
R om e H omo sex u a l i ty i n P ri so ns Amo ng Men o f E x ce p t iona l In telle ct
a nd Mora l L ea d e rs — — — —
Mu re t Mi ch el a nge l o W i nkel m ann H omose xu al i ty
— — —
i n E ngl i s h H i s t ory Walt Wh i tm an V e r l ai ne B u rt o n s Cl im a ti c T h eo ry
’

— —
o f Homose xu a li t y Th e R a cia l F a ct or T he P rev alence of H omosexu a l i ty
T O d ay
-
.

C O N G EN IT AL se xu al in v er si o n — is t o say s exu al i n
th at ,

sti n c t t urn e d b y i n b orn c ons t i t u t io n al ab norm al i t y t o w ard er

p
—
so n s o f the s am e sex is a c omp ar at i v e l y r ar e p h en om enon so ,

f ar as our k no wl edg e at pre sen t ext en ds S exual att ract ion b e .

tw e e n p erso n s o f th e s am e sex s e e mi n gl y d u e t o the acc id en t al

,

ab se n c e o f th e n at u ral O b j ect s o f s exu al att ract ion i s on th e , ,

o th e r h and o f w id e o cc urr en c e among al l h u man rac e s an d

,

among mo st o f th e h ig h e r an im al s I t is on ly durin g r ec en t
.

y ears th at s exual i n v ers ion has b een r ec ogniz ed ; prev ious ly i t

w as no t dis t i n g u i sh e d from h omos exu al l o ve gen er all y — as i t ,
1

is c on v eni en t t o c all th e c o ll ect i v e p h enom en a o f sex u al att rae

—
t ion w i th in the c ir cl e o f a sing l e sex an d h omo sexu al i ty w as
,

regard ed as a n at io n al c ust om as an indi v idual v i c e or as an

, ,

2
un import an t episod e in grav e forms o f ins ani ty .

H omo se x u a l i s a barbarou sl y h yb rid w o rd ; i t i s h ow ev er c on , ,

a nd no w w ide l y u s e d H omoge n i c ha s b ee n s u gges te d as a

“
v eni ent
”
.
,

s u b s ti t u t e
.

2
Ta k i ng al l i t s form s en bloc a s the y a re k n ow n t o the pol i ce
, ,

h omos ex u al i ty i s s een t o po ss e ss formidable pre por tions T h u s i n F ran ce

.
,

from offic ia l pa pe rs wh i ch passe d th rou gh M G e rl ie r s bu reau du ri ng ten

.
’

yea rs ( 1860 70 ) b e c ompi led a l i s t of 634 2 pede ras ts w h o ca m e w ith in th e

-

c og n izance o f t he po l ice 2049 P a ri s i ans 3 709 prov in ci a ls a nd 584

: , ,

f ore ig ners O f the se 3432 or more than the half c ou l d not be co nv i cted
.
, , ,

of i llegal act s .
2 S EXUAL I N V ER S I O N .

B efore appro ach i ng th e st u dy o f s ex u al in v ersio n in c as es

wh i ch w e m ay i n v est ig at e w i th som e d egr ee o f s c i en t i fic acc u
rac y th ere is in t er es t i n g lan c i n g b rie fly at the p h en om en a as
,

th ey app ear b ef or e us as yet s c ar c el y or at all di ff er en t i at ed

.
, ,

among an im al s amo n g v ario u s h u m an r ac e s

,
an d at v arious ,

p eriods .

A mo n g animal s i n a dom es t i c at ed or c o n fin ed st at e i t is
e asy t o fin d ev id en c e o f h omos ex u al att r act ion d u e m er el y t o ,

th e ab s en c e o f the o th er sex B u ff o n l ong si n c e o b se rv ed m any .

ex amp l e s o f th is e sp e c i all y amo n g b ird s ,

H e f o u n d th at i f m al e .
,

—
or fem al e b irds o f v arious sp ec i es s u ch as p ar t ridge s fo wl s an d , ,

—
do v es w er e S h u t u p t og eth er th ey w o u l d soo n b egin t o h av e ,

s ex u al r el at ion s amo ng th ems elv es the m al es soo ne r an d mor e ,

freq u en tl y th an th e f em al es M or e re c en tly S ai n t e Cl air e D ev i ll e .

-

O b s er v ed th at dogs r ams an d b u ll s wh en is o l at e d fi rs t b ec am e
, , , ,

re s tl ess an d d angerous an d th en ac qu ired a p erm an en t st ate o f

s ex u al e x c i t eme n t n o t o b eyi n g th e l aw s o f h eat an d l eadi n g
, ,

th em t o att emp t s t o c o u p le t o g eth er ; the pr esen c e o f th e o p

p o s i t e sex at on c e r e s t or e d th e m t o norm al c ondi t io n s I t m ay .
‘

easi ly b e o b s er v e d h o w a c o w in h eat ex e rt s an ex c i t i n g infl u en c e

’
o n o th er c o w s impe ll ing th em t o att emp t t o p l ay th e b u ll s p ar t
,
.

L ac assagn e has al so n o t ed amo n g yo u n g fo wl s an d pu ppi es etc ,

.
,

th at b ef or e ev e r h av ing had rel at io n s w ith th e opposi t e s ex an d

, ,

wh i l e i n c omp l et e l i b ert y th ey m ak e he sit at i n g att emp t s at i n

,

terc o u rse w i th th eir o w n sex T h is i n d eed t og eth er w i th simi .

2
, ,

l ar p erv ersions m ay O ft e n b e o b se rv ed esp ec i all y i n p u ppi e s

, , ,

wh o aft e rw ard b ec om e p e r fe ctly norm al F e m al e mo nk eys e v e n .

,

wh en gro w n up ( as M o ll w as i n form ed ) b eh av e i n a s exu al way ,

t o each o th er th oug h i t is di ffic u lt t o say h ow f ar th is i s m erel y

,

in p l ay D r S e i t z D ir ect or o f th e Fran kfu r t Z o O l ogi c al G ar

. .
,

d en g av e M o ll a r e c ord o f h is o w n c ar e fu l O b se r v a t io n s o f
,

1
H . te Cl a ire D e v i lle D e l I nt erna t et s o n i nfl u e nce su r l éd u c a
S ain -
,
’ ’

tion d e l a j e u ne ss e a pa pe r re ad t o t he A c ad em i c d e s S c i en ces Moral es et

,
”

P o l i t i q u e s J u l y 2 7 187 1 a n d qu ote d b y Ch e v a l i e r L I nvers io n S eem e i le

’
, , , , ,

pp 204 5
.
-
.

2
L a c a s s a gn e D e l a C ri mi nal i té ch ez l e s A nim a u x
,
R evu e S ci en ,

ti flqu e, 1882 .
 I N T R O D UC T I O N . 3

h omos e xu al p h enom e na among th e m al e s an d fem al e s o f v arious

an im al s c on fi n e d in th e G ard e n ( An telo e c ervi ca ra B os I n
p p ,

di cus C a pra hi rc us O vi s s tea top yga )

,
1
,
I n al l s u ch c as e s w e .

are no t c o n c e rn e d w i th s e xu al i n v e rsion b u t m e r el y w i th th e ,

acc id e n t al t u r n ing o f th e s e x u al i n s t in ct in t o an ab norm al

ch an n el the ins t in ct b e ing c alle d o u t b y an approxim at e su b

,

s ti t u t e or ev en by di ff u s e d emo t io n al ex c i t em en t I n the ab
, ,

s en c e o f th e n orm al O bj e ct .

I t is pro b abl e h o w ev er that c as es o f t ru e s ex u al in v ersion

, ,

wh i ch grat i fic at ion is preferably so u ght i n th e sam e Sex

m ay b e fo u n d among anim al s alth o u gh o b s erv at ions h ave r arel y ,

b een m ad e or rec ord ed I t has b een fo u n d b y Mu c c i o l i an .

,

I t al i an au th ori ty on pigeo n s th at among B el gi an c arri er pigeo n s ,

-

i n v er t e d pract i c es m ay o cc u r ev e n in th e p re s en c e o f m any o f ,

the o th e r s ex 2
T h is seems t o b e t rue in v ersio n th o u gh w e are
.
,

no t t o l d wh eth er th ese b irds w er e al so att ract ed t o w ard th e op

p os i te sex T h e b i
. rds o f th is f ami l y app e ar t o b e sp e c i all y l i abl e

t o s ex u al p erv ersion T h u s M J B ai lly M ai t re a b reed er o f

. . .
-

,
“
great k n o wl edge and a k een o b s erv er w ro t e t o Gi ard th at th ey ,

are s t r an g e c r eat u r es in th e ir m an n ers an d c u s t oms an d a t t o

p
e l ud e th e mos t p ersi s t en t o b s e rv er N o anim al is more d eprav ed . .

Mat in g b etwe en m al es an d s t i ll more fr eq u entl y b etw een f e

,

m al e s o ft en o cc u rs at an earl y ag e : up t o th e s e c o n d y ear I
,
.

h av e had s ev eral p ai rs o f pige o n s form e d b y sub j ect s O f the sam e

s ex wh o f or m any mon th s b eh av e d as i f th e m at i ng w er e n at u r al .

I n som e c as e s th is had t ake n p l ac e among yo u n g b irds o f the

s ame n est wh o act ed l i ke r eal m at es th o u gh b o th su bj ect s were
, ,

m al es I n ord er t o m at e th em prod u ct i v el y w e h av e had t o

.

s ep arat e th em and sh ut each o f th em up f or som e d ays w i th a

f em al e 3
.
”

‘
See Mo ll ,
d i e L i b i d o S cwua li s , 1898, B 1 ,
Untersu c lm naen u ber .

pp . 3 69, 3 7 4 5 F or a u
-
. s u mm a ry o f ll
al l at i s a t pr e se n f
no n c o n th tk w
c e rn i ng h lt l
omosex u a i y i n an ima s see F K ars , P li d era st i e u nd Tri adi e
“
. ch b
t t
b e i d e n Tie re n a u f G ru n d d e r L i e ra u r , J a hr buc h f ii r S ewu elle Z wi s c hen
”

s tu f en, B 2 , 1 899 , pp 126 1 54

. .
-
.

Mu c c i o l i , D e ge ne ra zio ne e rimin a i a ne i o om i , Arc hi mo d i

“
C lt C l b ’

P ei c Ma tr i a , 1893 , p 40 . .

L I nter med ia r i e d es Bi o logi s tes , N o em ber 20, 1897

’
v .
4 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

A mong b irds g e n er all y in v er t e d s exu al i t y s eems t o ae c om

,

p any the d ev el opm en t o f the sec ond ary s exu al charac te rs o f the
oppo si t e sex wh i ch is som et im es f o u nd T h u s a po u lt ry b reed er .
,
-

d esc ri be s a h en ( c o l ored D ork ing ) c ro w ing l i k e a c o ck on l y som e ,

wh at mor e h arshl y as a c o ck er e l c re ws and w i th an enormo u s

, ,

c om b l arg er th an i s ev er s een in the m al e Th i s b ird u s ed t o

. .

t ry t o t read her fell o w h ens A t th e sam e t ime she l ay ed earl y

-
.

an d r egu l ar l y an d prod u c ed
,
grand ch i ck en s 1
A mong d u ck s .
”
,

al so i t h as o cc asion all y b een o b s e rv e d th a t th e f e m al e ass u m e s

,

at th e s am e t ime b o th m al e l i v e ry an d m al e s e x u al t en d en c i es .

I t i s pro b abl e th at su ch o b s erv at ions w i ll b e mu lt ip l i e d in the

f u t u re an d th at s exu al i n v ersion in th e t ru e sense w i ll b e fo u n d
,

c o m mon er amo n g an im al s th an at pr es en t i t app ears t o be .

Trac es o f h omos ex u al pract i c es som et im es on a l arg e s c al e

, ,

h av e b een f o u n d amo n g all the great di v isio n s o f the h u m an rac e .

I t w o u l d b e possi ble t o c o ll ect a c onsid erabl e b ody o f ev id en c e

und er th is h ead U n fortu n at el y h o w ev er the t rav el ers and
.
, ,

o th ers on wh os e r ec ords w e are d ep end en t h av e b ee n so sh y o f

t ou ch i n g th es e s u b j ect s and S O ign oran t o f the m ain poi n t s f or
,
'

in v est igat io n that i t is v ery di ff i c u lt t o di sc o v er s exu al in v ersion

,

i n the prop er s en s e in any l o w er r ac e Trav el ers hav e spo k en .

v agu el y o f c rim es again st n at ur e w i th o u t d efi n ing the pr ec i s e

rel at ion sh ip in v o lv e d nor i n qu iring h o w f ar any c ongeni tal i m
p u l s e c oul d b e dis ti ngui sh ed .

L oo k i n g at the p h en om en a g en erall y so f ar as th ey h ave ,

b een r ec ord e d amo ng v arious l o w er rac es w e s e em b ound t o ,

r ec o gniz e that th ere i s a w ide spread n at ural ins t in ct imp ell ing
-

m en t o w ard h omos exu al r el at ions h ips an d th at th is has b een ,

som et im es th o u gh v ery ex c ep t io n all y s eiz ed upon an d d ev el op ed

, ,

for ad v an t age o u s so c i al purposes On the wh o l e h o w ev er u n

.
, ,

n at u ral i n t erc o u rs e ( sodomy ) has b een r egard ed as an an t iso c i al

O ff en se and p u nis h able som e t im e s b y th e mos t s e rious p en alt i e s
,

th at c ou l d b e inv en t ed T h is w as the c ase i n an c i en t M exi c o i n

.
,

P er u among th e P ersi an s in Ch in a an d among th e He b rew s

, , ,

an d M o h amm ed an s .

1
R . S R utherf ord ,
. G rowi ng Hens ”
, P ou l try, Janu ary 26 , 1896 .
 I NT RO D UC T I O N . 5

O nemight b e t emp t e d t o exp ect th at h omo sexual pract i c es

w o u l d be en c ourag e d wh en ev er i t w as n ec essary t o k eep do w n the
pop ul at ion A rist o tl e s ays th at i t was all o w ed b y law i n C r et e
.

f or th is en d A nd Pro fes sor H addon t ell s m e that at Torr e s

.

S t rai t s a nat i v e ad v o c at e d sodomy on th i s gro u nd 1

T h er e .

s eems h o w ev er on the wh o l e t o be l i ttl e ev id en c e poin t in g t o

, , ,

th is u t i l iz ation o f th e pract i c e T he h omos exu al t end en cy ap .

p ears t o h av e flouris h ed ch i efly amo n g w arriors and w ar l i k e p eo

p l e s D uring w ar an d the sep arat ion from w om en th at war i n
.

v o lv es the h omos exu al inst in ct t ends t o d ev el op ; i t flourish ed ,

f or ins t an c e among th e C ar th agi n i an s an d amo n g th e N orm ans

, ,

as w ell as amo n g th e w arl i k e D ori ans S cy th i an s Tart ars and , , ,

C elt s an d wh en th ere has b een an ab s en c e o f any s t rong moral

2
, ,

f eel i n g agains t i t the ins t in ct has b een c u lt i v at e d an d id eal iz e d

,

as a mi l i t ary v ir t u e p artly b e c au se i t c oun t er act s th e l onging f or

,

th e so fte ni n g f emini n e influ en c es o f th e h om e an d p artl y b ec au se

i t s e ems to hav e an inspiring i n fl u en c e in promo ting h eroism an d
h eig ht ening espri t d e corps I n the l am en t o f D av id o v er J on a .

th an w e h av e a pi ct ur e o f i n t im at e fri en ds h ip — “
p assi n g the l o v e
o f w ome n — ”
b etw een c omrad es i n arms among a b arb arous w ar ,

l i k e rac e T h er e is no th ing t o sh o w th at su ch a r el at io n sh ip w as
.

se xu al b u t amo n g w arrio rs i n N ew C al edo n i a f ri en ds h ips th at

,

w e re u n doubt ed l y h o mos ex u al w er e r ec ogniz e d an d r eg u l at ed ;

th e f rat ern i ty o f arms acc ording t o Fo l ey 3
c omp l i c at ed w ith
, ,

p ed eras ty w as more sac r e d th an u t erin e frat ern i t y We h av e

,
.
,

moreo v er a rec en t ex amp l e o f the sam e rel at ion sh ip s r ec o g nize d

,

in a mod er n E u rop ean rac e— the A lb an i an s .

hn i n t he c ou r s e o f hi s A lba ni s c he S tu d i en s a y s th a t t h e yo u ng
H a , ,

m e n be tw ee n 16 and 24 l o v e b oy s from ab ou t 12 t o 17 A G ege ma rri es .

a t th e a e o f 24 or 2 5 n d th n h ll y b t n t lw y gi v
g a e e u s u a u
,
o a a s es u p , ,

b oy l ove Th e f oll ow ing p as sage i s reporte d b y Ha h n a s t he a ctu al

-
.

Be a rdmore a sl o n ote s th at s odomy i s regu la rl y i nd u lge d i n i n

N e w G u i n ea on th i s a c c o u n t ( J our na l of the Anthrop o logi c a l I ns ti tu te
.
,

May , 1890, p .

I ha v e b ee n tol d by m edi c al m en i n Indi a th a t i t is s pec i all y c om

m on a mong t h e S i kh s t h e fi n e s t s o l di e r ra ce i n I n di a
,
-
.

F o l e y B u l l eti n S oc i été d An thrO p o log i e d e P ar i s ct o be r

’
, , O 9, 1 87 9 .
6 S EXUAL I NVERS I O N .

l angu age u se d to h im b y an A lbanian G ege T he l over s feel ing for the :

’

b oy i s p u re as s u nsh i ne I t p laces t he be l ove d o n th e sa me p edesta l as

.

a sa int It i s th e h ighes t and mo s t e xa lted pa ss ion of wh i ch t he h u man

.

b reas t i s ca pable T he s ight o f a be au ti fu l y ou th aw akens ast oni sh ment

.

i n t h e l ov e r an d o pe ns t he doo r O f h i s h ea r t to the de l ig ht wh i ch th e
,

c onte mp la ti on o f th i s l o ve l iness a ff ords L ov e ta kes possess ion of h im so .

c omp l e tel y tha t a l l h i s th ou ght and fee l ing goe s ou t i n i t If he finds .

h im se lf i n the presenc e of th e be lo v ed he res ts a bso rbed i n gazi ng on ,

h im Absen t h e th i nks o f nou ght b u t h im If th e bel oved u nexpec te dl y

.
, .

a pp e a rs h e fa ll s i nt o c o n fu s ion c h a nges c ol or tu rns a lte rnate l y pal e

, , ,

a nd re d H i s h ea r t b eat s f a s te r a n d imp e de s h i s b rea th i ng

. H e h as e a rs .

a nd e yes o nl y for t he be l o v ed H e sh u n s t o u c h i ng h im w i th t h e h an d
.
,

k i sses h im onl y on the fore h ea d s i ngs hi s prai se i n ve rse a w om an s , ,

’

ne v e r .O ne o f th e se l Ov e poe m s of a n A lba ni an G ege r u n s as fo l l o w s

-

T he su n whe n i t ri ses i n t he morn i n g i s l i ke y o u b oy wh en yo u a re

“
, , , ,

nea r m e W h en yo u r d ark e ye t u rn s u po n m e i t dri ves my re as on from

.
,

my h e a d .

Bu t th e mos t import an t and th e mos t th oro u ghly k no wn

c as e is th at o f Gr eece d u rin g i t s p eriod o f h igh e s t mi l i t ary as we ll
as eth i c al an d in t elle ct u al v igor
”
I n th is c as e as i n th os e .
,

al r eady m en t ion e d th e h omos ex u al t end en c y w as som et im e s

,

regard ed as h av ing b ene fic ial r esult s wh i ch c aused i t t o be ,

c o n don ed i f n ot ind eed fos t ered as a v ir t u e

, , ,
.

T h er e is h o w ev er s t i ll more ab un d an t ev id en c e t o S h o w
, ,

that h o mos exu al pract i c es e xist an d h av e l o n g exist ed in mos t

p ar t s o f the w orl d out sid e E urop e ev en wh en su b s er v ing no ,

o bv ious so c i al en d H o w f ar th ey are as so c i at ed w ith c ong eni t al

.

in v ersion is u su ally v ery do u btfu l I n Ch in a for inst an c e i t .

, ,

s eems th at the re are sp ec i al h ouses d ev o t ed t o mal e prost i t ut ion ,

th o u gh l ess n u m ero u s th an the h ou ses d ev o t ed t o fem al es Wh en .

a ri ch m an gi v e s a f eas t h e s en ds f or w om en t o ch eer the re pas t

b y m u si c and s ong an d f or b oys t o s erv e at t abl e and t o en t er

,

t ain the gu es t s b y th eir l i v ely c on v ers at ion T he young pe op l e .

h av e b een c arefu ll y b ro u ght up for th is o cc u p at ion rec ei ving an ,

A l ba ni sc he S tu d i en, 1894 , pp 1 66 et s eq T h e p a s s a ge i s ra ns . . t
l t
a ed b
y t he ri end o f
om ow e t h e a o e no e t wh I b v t .

A s G re e p a i d e ra s ti a s e e m s ko m e o ro i e l ig o n t h e t t th w l ttl ht
t
na u re o i n er s ion , fa e no t v Ih v
ou g i ne essa ry o dea i i ere th ht t c t l w th t h .
 I N T RO DU C T I O N . 7

e x c ell en t edu c at ion an d th eir m en t al qu al i t i es are more hi ghl y

,

v al u ed th an th eir p hysi c al att ract i v en ess Th e w om en are l ess .

c ar e fu ll y b ro u ght u p an d l ess es t ee m ed A ft er th e m eal th e lads .

u su all y r et urn h om e w i th a c onsid er abl e f ee Wh at fu rth er o c .

c u rs th e Ch in e s e say l i ttl e ab o u t I t s eems th at r eal an d d ee p .

aff e ct io n i s O ft en b or n o f th e s e r e l at io n s at fi rs t P l at o n i c b u t i n , ,

th e e n d b e c oming p h y si c al n o t a m att e r f or gr eat c on c e r n in

,

the ey es o f th e Ch i n es e I n th e Ch in es e no v el s o ft en o f a v e ry
.
,

li t erary ch ar act e r d ev o t ed t o m asc u l in e l o v e i t s eems th at all

, ,

the pre l imin ari e s an d t ranspor t s o f n o rm al l o v e are t o b e f ou n d ,

wh i l e p hy si c al un io n m ay t erm i n at e th e s c en e I n Ch in a h o w .
1
,

ev er th e l aw m ay b e b ro u g ht i n t o act io n f or att emp t s ag ains t

,

n at ur e ev en w i th m u t ual c o n sen t ; the p en alt y is o n e h u n dred

’
s t ro k e s w i th the b amb oo an d a mo n th s impriso n m ent ; i f th er e
is v io l en c e th e pe n alt y is d ec api t at ion ; I am no t abl e t o say
,
”

h o w f ar t he l aw is a d ead l ett er A cc ording t o Mat ignon so f ar .

,

as p e d er as ty exis t s i n Ch in a i t is c arri e d o n w i th m u ch mor e d e

,

c o r u m an d r est rain t th an i t is i n E u rop e an d h e th i nk s i t m ay ,

b e pu t do w n t o the c r e di t o f th e C hi n es e th at u n l i k e E urop eans , ,

th ey n ev e r pr act i c e u n n at u r al c on n e ct io n w i th w om en H is .

acc o u n t o f th e c u st oms o f th e Ch in e se i n th e s e m att ers c o n fi rms

M o rach e s an d h e r em ark s th at th o u gh no t mu ch spo k en o f

’

, , ,

p ede ras t y is n ot l oo k ed do w n upon H e gi v es some in t erest ing .

d etai l s c on c ern i n g the b oy pros t i t u t es T h es e are so l d by th eir .

p a r e n t s ( som e t im es s t o l e n f rom th e m ) ab ou t t h e a g e o f f o u r , ,

an d e du c at e d wh i l e th ey are al so su b j e ct e d t o a sp e c i a l p h y s i c al
,

t r ai n i n g wh i ch i n cl u d es m assage o f the g l u t eal r eg i ons t o fav or

,

d ev el opm en t di l at at io n o f the anu s an d epi l at ion ( wh i ch is not

, , ,

h o w ev er pract i c ed b y Ch in es e w om en ) A t the s am e t im e they

,
.
,

are t au g ht m u si c s ingi n g draw i n g an d th e art o f po e t ry

, ,
The ,
.

w ai t ers at th e re st au ran t s alw ays k no w wh er e th es e young gen

tl em e n are t o b e f ound wh en th ey are r eq u ir ed t o grac e a ri ch

M ora ch e r ti cle C h i ne D i c ti o nna i re E nc y c lo p ed i que d c s S c i enc es

, a ,

Méd i ca l es I n Anna m a l s o a cc ordi ng t o Mo nd i ere ( Mémo i r es d e S oc i été

.
, ,

d An thr op o log i e t om e i p pe de ra s t y h a s a l w a ys e xi s ted e s pe ci a ll y

’
, , .
,

a mo ng yo u ng p e op l e ; Ma t ig n on h o w e v e r d e n i es th i s , , .

P a u t h i er C hi ne Mod erne p 25 1
, , . .
8 S EXUAL I NVERS I O N .

m an s f eas t Th ey are g en er all y acc omp ani ed by a guardi an and

’
.
,

u su ally no th i n g v ery s erious t ak e s p l ac e for th ey kno w th eir ,

v al u e an d mon ey w i ll no t alw ays b uy th eir exp ensi v e fav ors

,
.

T h ey are v ery eff emi n at e l ux u rio u s l y dr e ss e d an d p er fu m ed

, ,

an d th ey s el dom go o n f e e t T h ere are h o w ev er l o w er ord ers

.
, ,

o f such prost i t u t es 1
.

A mo n g th e A m e ri c an I n di an s f rom the E s k imo o f ,

A l as ka do w n w ard t o Brazi l an d s t i ll farth er sou th h omos exual

c u s t oms h av e b een v ery fre qu en tly O b s erv ed Som e t im e s th ey .

are r eg ard e d b y th e t ri b e w i th h o n or som e t im e s w i th i n di ff er ,

en c e som et im e s w i th c on t emp t ; b u t th ey app ear t o be alw ays

,

t o l er ated A lth o u gh th er e are l o c al diff eren c es th ese c ust oms

.
, ,

on th e wh o l e se em t o h av e mu ch in c ommon The b es t earl y

, .

d es c rip t ion wh i ch I h av e b een abl e t o fin d is b y L an gsd orff an d ”

c on c ern s th e A l eu t s o f O on al ash k a in A lask a : Boys i f th ey

“
,
“
h app en t o b e v ery hands om e he says are o ft en b ro u g ht u p ,
”
,

en t ire l y in th e m an n e r o f gir l s an d in st ru ct ed in th e art s w om en

,

u se t o p l ease m e n ; th e ir b eards are c ar ef u ll y p l u ck ed o u t as soon

as th ey b egin t o app ear an d th eir ch ins t att oo ed l i k e th os e o f

,

w om en ; th ey we ar orn am en t s o f gl ass b eads u po n th eir l egs an d

arms b ind an d c u t th eir h air i n th e s am e m ann e r as th e w om en
, ,

an d s u pp l y th eir p l ac e w i th th e m en as c on c u b in e s T his sh o ck .

ing unn at ur al and immoral pract i c e h as o bt ain e d h er e ev en

, ,

from the r emo t es t t im es ; n or h av e any m easures h i th ert o b een

t ak en t o r epr es s and r est rai n i t ; su ch m en are k no w n un d er th e
n am e o f s chop ams .
”

A mo ng th e K e nyagas L angsd orff fo u nd the c us t om mu ch

mor e c ommon th an amo n g th e A l eut s ; h e r em ark s th at al ,

th ough the mo th ers b ro u ght u p som e o f the ir ch i l dr en in th is

w ay th ey s eem ed v ery f o n d o f th eir o ff spring
,
L i si an sk y at .
,

“
ab ou t th e s am e p e riod t ell s u s th at : O f all the c ust oms o f th es e
,

isl and ers the mos t disgu st in g is th at o f m en c alle d schooparns

, , ,

l i v ing w i th m en an d s u pp lyi n g th e p l ac e o f w om en T h es e are

,
.

J J Ma ign on , De u x M ots s u r l a P ed eras

t ti e Ch i ne Arc hi ves
1 ”
. . en ,

d An thr op o l og i e O fl mi nel l e, J an u ary , 1 899

’
.

1
V oyag es a nd Tra vel s, 1 814 , P a r , p
47 t II . .
 I N T R O D UC T I O N . 9

b ro u ght up from th eir in fan c y w i th fem al es an d tau ght al l the ,

fem i n in e art s T h ey ev en as sume the m an n er and dress o f the

.

w om en so n ear l y th at a st ran ger w oul d n at ur ally tak e th em for

what th ey are no t T h is odious pract i c e w as f orm er ly so p rev a
.

l en t th at the r esid en ce o f on e o f th es e monst ers i n a h ous e w as

c o n sid er ed as f or t u n at e ; i t is h o w ev er d ai l y l osing ground 1
, ,
.
”

H e m en t io n s a c as e in wh i ch a pri est had n earl y m arri ed tw o

m al es wh en an in t erpr ete r ch an c ed t o c om e in an d w as abl e t o
,

i n form h im wh at h e w as doing It is s tat ed b y H ol mb erg th at ”

.

th e b oy i s s el e ct ed t o b e a s chup an b ec au s e h e is gir l l i k e ; th is -
,

h o w ev er is b y no m ean s cle ar from the n arr at i v es ; i f i t c o u l d

,

b e d emons t r at ed i t w ou l d b e a m att er o f som e in t er e st

,
A s th e .

c as e stands i t app ears th at the sekap a n is eff emin at e d purely b y

,

sugge s t ion and asso c i at io n b eginning at the ear l i es t y ears ,

.

I n L ouisi an a F l orida Y u c at an etc som ewh at simi l ar c us

, , ,
.
,

t oms exis t or h av e exis t ed I n Brazi l m en are t o b e found dressed .

as w om en an d so l el y o cc upyi n g th ems elv es w i th f eminin e oc c u

p at i o n s ; th ey a re no t v e ry h ig hl y r eg ard e d 8
T h ey are c all e d .

cu d i n as : i e c ir c u m c is ed
. .
, .

A mong all th e t ri b es O f the no rthw e s t U n i t ed S t at es s exual

“
i n v er t s m ay b e found T h e inv ert is c all e d a boté ( no t m an
.
,

“
no t w om an ) b y the M on tan a and a bu rdash ( h alf m an h alf
”
,
-
,

w om an ) b y the Wash in g t on In di an s T he boté h as b een c are

”
.

f ull y s t u di e d b y D r A B H o l d er 4
D r H o l d er finds th at th e
. . . . .

boté w ears w om an s dr ess an d th at h is sp eech an d m an n e rs are

’
,

f emini n e T he dre ss an d m an n ers are ass u m ed i n ch i l d h ood b u t

.
,

no se x u al pract i c es t ak e p l ac e u n t i l pub er ty Th es e c o n sist i n .

th e pract i c e o f fella ti o b y th e bote wh o pro b abl y h ims elf exp eri

’

en c es the orgasm at th e s am e t im e T h e boté is no t a p e d eras t .

,

alth ough p ed er as t y o cc urs among th es e I n di an s D r H o l de r ex . .

1
U L is i an sk y , V oya g e, et c , L on don , 1814 , p 199
. . . .

1
E thnog m p hi s c he S k i z zen , 1855 , p 12 1 . .

C F P v o n Mart i n s , Z u r E thnogr a p hi c Ameri ka s , L e ipzig , 186 7

’
. . .

B 1, p 7 4 I n An ien Mexi o Bem a D iaz ro e : E ra/h t quasi omnes

. . . c t c l w t
s od omi a comm ac u la ti , c t a d o l es c entes m u l ti , mu l i ebr i tcr ves ti ti , i ban t

p u b l i ce, c i bu m qu a ren tes a b i s to d i a bo li c o c t a bomi na bi l i la bor e .

4
N ew Y or k Med i ca l J ou rna l , D ec em be r 7 , 1889 .
10 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

am i n ed a boté
wh o w as sp l endid ly m ad e preposses si n g an d in , ,

p er fect h ealth W i th m u ch r el u ct an c e h e agreed t o a c ar eful

.

ex amin at ion T he s ex u al organs w er e q u i t e norm al th o u g h pe r

.
,

haps no t qui t e so larg e as h i s phys i qu e w ou l d sugg est b u t h e had ,

n e v er had i n t er c ours e w i th a w om an O n r emo v ing h is cl o th es .

h e pr ess e d h is th ig h s t og eth er as a t imid w om an w o u l d so as t o

, ,

c o n c eal c omp l et el y the sexual organs ; D r H o l d er says that th e .

“
th igh s really or t o my fan c y had th e f eminin e ro t undi t y
, ,

H e has h eard a boté beg a m al e I n di an t o s ub mi t t o h is c ar ess

“
,
“
and h e t ell s th at o n e l i ttl e f ell o w wh i l e in th e ag en c y b o ard ,

ing s ch oo l was found fre qu en tl y surrep t i t io u sl y w earing fem al e

-
,

att ir e H e was pu n i sh ed b u t fi n all y esc ap e d from s ch oo l an d

.
“
,

b ec am e a boté wh i ch v o c at io n he has sin c e f o ll o w ed

,
.
”

A mong the S ak al av es o f M ad agas c ar th ere are c e rtain b oys ,

c all ed s elca tra as d es c ri b ed b y L asn et wh o are appar en tly ch osen

, ,

from ch i l d h ood on acc o u n t o f w eak or d el i c at e app earan c e an d

b ro u ght u p as girl s Th ey l i v e l i k e w om en an d h av e in t er c o u rse
.

w i th m en w i th or w i th o u t sodomy p aying th e m en wh o p le as e
, ,

th em 1
.

Th e s ar i m bavy f ound amo n g th e H o v as o f M ad agas c ar an d

, ,

d es c ri b ed by R en c u r el res em bl e th e s eka tra bu t s ex u al re l at ions

”
, ,

are rar ely f ound amo n g th em ; whe n th ey do o cc ur in t er c rur al ,

c onn ect ion t ak es p l ac e T he s ari m ba vy h av e som et im es b een

.

b ro u ght U p as gir l s b e c aus e th eir p aren t s d esir ed t o h av e a gi rl ,

b u t i n o the r c as es the imp u l s e t o w ard f emini n e h ab i t s and v o c a

t ions aris es an d p ersi st s in spi t e o f the p aren t s opposi t io n T he ’
.

s ari m ba vy s h un th e so c i e t y o f b oys an d a sso c i at e w i th gir l s , ,

an d as th ey gro w u p w ear th eir h air l ong an d f as t e n e d in a k no t ;

th ey fo ll o w w om en s o cc u p at io n s dr ess i n w om en s cl o th es and
’
,
’
,

epi l ate th e ir ch ins T hey sh o w no t rac es o f p hysi c al ab n orm al

.

i ty no in fan t i l ism an d th e s exual organs are prop er l y d ev el op ed

, ,
.

T he s h o ul d ers are h o w ev er ro u nd ed th e mus c u l ar sys tem so ft

, , ,

Anna lee d H yg i ene c i d e Méd cc i ne C o loni a l es , 1899 , p 4 94 , s u m

1 ’
.

m ariz ed i n R evu e d e P syc hi a tr i c , D e ce m be r , 1900 .

Anna lee d H y g i ene , e tc , 1900, p 5 62, a nd a l s o su mm a rize d i n t h e

” ’
. .

R evu e d e P syc hia tri e .

 I N T RO DU C T I O N . 11

an d c o v ered b y adipos e t issu e T he v oi c e al so r es em bl es th at

.
, ,

o f the eunu ch ; th e infl ect io n an d t imb r e are th ose o f a w om an ;

an d th e l au g h s h ri ll T h is app ears t o b e d u e t o u n c ons c io u s
.

imi t at ion T h e sari m ba vy are gen tl e an d t imid an d ve ry mod

.
,

e st. A lth o u gh c ons t an tl y l i v i n g w i th w om en th ey h av e no ,

s ex u al impul s es ; erect ions are rar e an d wh en s ex u al in t er c ours e

t ak e s p l ac e i t is on ly at th e w om an s insist en c e an d fai l s t o pro
, ,

d u c e agr eeabl e sens at ions T he re app ears t o b e no d ec id ed sex

.

u al imp u l s e e i th e r in a norm al or an ab norm al dir ect ion an d ,

R en c urel c onside rs th at the s ari m ba vy m ay b e regard e d as a

‘

g roup ap a r t : th a t o f a s ex u a l i n ver ts .

I n C ent ral A fri c a p ed erasty app ears t o b e ex t r em el y rar e ,

alth o u g h s o m e c as es o f efiem i n a ti o an d p assi v e pe d eras t y h av e

b een r eport ed from U nyam we z i and U gand a B u t among th e .

n egro pop u l at ion o f Zanzi b ar f orms o f h omos exual i t y wh i ch are

b el i ev ed t o b e c ong enit al ( as w ell as ac qu ir ed f orms ) are said t o
b e fairl y c ommon T h eir freq u en c y is doubtle ss d u e t o A rab
.

i n flu en c e The mal e c o n geni t al i n v ert s S h o w from th eir ear l i es t

.
,

y ears no ap t i t u d e f or m e n s o cc up at ions b u t are att r act e d

,
’
,

t o ward fe mal e o cc up at ions A s th ey gro w O l d er th ey w ear

.

w om en s cl o th e s dress th eir h air i n w om en s fash ion an d b e

’
,
’
,

h av e al tog eth er l i k e w om en Th ey asso c i at e o n ly w i th w om en

.

an d w i th m al e pros t i t u t es an d th ey o bt ai n s exu al s at is f act ion b y

,

p as si v e p e d e ra s t y or in w ays sim u l at ing c oi t u s I n app e a r an c e .

th ey res em bl e ordi n ary m al e pro st i t u t e s wh o are c ommo n in ,

Z anzi b ar b u t i t is no t ew o rth y t h at th e n at i v es m ak e a cl ear

,

dis t in ct ion b etw een th em an d m e n pros t i t u t es T he l att er are .

l oo k e d do w n on w i th c on t emp t wh i l e th e form er as b ei n g wh at
, ,
“
th ey are b y th e w i ll o f God are t o le rat ed ,
” 1
C ong eni t al i n .

v ersion haS al so b een susp ect ed in N ew Guin ea .

I am i ndebte d t o D r S el igm ann o f t he Cam bridge An th ropo l ogi cal

.
,

E x pe di tion t o T o rr es S t ra i ts for th e fo ll o w in g no tes o f c ases en c ou n te red

, ,

d u ring hi s c on ne ct i on w i th the ex pe di tion seeming to i ndi ca te e i th er ,

1
O sk ar B au m a nn C o nt rii re x u al E rs ch e i nu ngen b ei d i e N eger
Se -

Bev O l k eru ng Z anzi b a rs , Z ei tsc hri f t fii r E thno log i e, 1899, H 6 , p 6 68 . . .

12 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

a ctu al i nvers i on or t he bas is o f p hys i cal a bno rmal i ty o n wh i ch h omo

s e x u a l i ty mig ht pos s i bl y d e v e l op

H i re a w om a n o f 30 d a u ght e r o f a H u l a ch i e f
, , O n c a s u a l e xa mi na .

tion s h e s ee m e d ra th e r t a ll e r a nd l es s f a t tha n the a ve ra ge Hu la w o m an ,

w i th le s s ro u nde d figu re Th e s ki n o f t h e b rea s t s see m ed ra the r w rin kled

.
,

b u t t h e b re a s t s th e m s e lv e s l oo k ed n orm a lly de v el ope d T he ge n i t a l s a re .

s a id t o b e n orm a l a n d t h e mo n s h a i ry A s a l i ttl e girl s h e a lw a y s p re

.

fe rred p l a yi ng b oy s ga m es a nd by a l l a cc ou nts s he p la yed them w ell A s

’
, .

s h e go t o l d e r s h e s t u ck t o b oy s a nd th e ir g a m e s pre fe rri ng th e m a s c om ,

p a n io n s a nd a v oidi ng her o w n s ex S h e re fu s ed t o a dop t th e girl s pe tti

, .
’

c o a t for s om e t ime b u t at p u be rty w a s c ompe ll ed by th rea t s t o do s o

,
.

S he see m s t o h a v e b e h a v e d n orm a ll y a s rega rd s se x u a l m a tte r s a n d a b o u t ,

tw o y ea r s a fter o n se t o f m en s es there w a s an a b or tio n S he n o w w ork s .

i n t h e ga rden m a n fa s h io n u s i ng h ea v y diggi ng s t i ck s a nd c a rri e s bu rdens

-

,
-
,

m a n fas h io n
-
S he has re fu se d a t l e a s t th re e O ff e rs o f m a rri age a nd l i ve s
.
,

w i th h er mothe r AS far as c an b e as ce rta i ned she has nev e r h ad any

.
,

h omose xu al rela tionsh ip s an d s i nce the abort ion she see m s t o h ave had
,

no n orm a l s ex u a l r e la tio n s h ip s or a t al l e v en t s th e y h a ve no t b ee n o f
, , ,

s u ffic i en t d u r a tion t o a rre s t p u bl i c a t te nt i o n .

G im a a m a n o f a b o u t 30
,
H e i s sa id t o t a ke t h e p a s s i v e p a rt i n
.

p wd i c a ti o .H e i s m a s cu l i n e i n a pp e a ra n ce a ct i v e p lu ck y ene rge t i c w i th , , , ,

o u t u n d u e ro u n d ne s s o f fig u r e or d e po s i t s o f f a t H e i s s a id t o b e .

ta tt oo ed o v e r t h e bu tt o ck s a nd th igh s a s w o m en a re H o m o s exu a l prae .

t i ce s a re s a id t o ha v e begu n a t p u be rt y L a te r he m a rried b u t ha s n o .
,

ch il dre n ; di v orce d h i s w i fe o n t h e p lea o f i n fidel i ty .

U m a s e a m a n O f 5 0 o f t h e G a ri a t ri b e a p e s t h e w om en i n do m e s t i c
, , , ,

s oc i al ,
an d p l an t in g w or k H e i s no t m a rrie d . T h e gen i ta l s are sa id .

t o b e n orm al b u t s m all and b rea sts are n orm a l There i s h a ir on c h est

, , .

a nd p u b es Th e v oi ce i s h ig h pi tch e d
. H e ass oc i a tes w i th w om en a nd
-
.

a cc omp an i e s w om e n i n tra di ng H e ne v e r h u n ts b u t i s a w a rr ior an d s u c

.
,

c e ss f u l h omi c id e I n you th h e i s sa id t o h a v e b e en n orm a lly se xu al

. .

T h e th ree f oregoi ng O b se rv a t io ns w ere m a de i n B ri t i s h N e w G u i n ea .

I n S a ra w a k ( Bo rne o ) D r S el igm an n m et w i th a Mo h a mm e da n of 30 wh o
.

w as sa id t o ta k e t h e p as s i v e p a rt i n p wd i c a ti o H e i s ra th er s m a ll b o ned .
-

a nd o f d e l i c a te b u i l d b u t n o t u n de r s iz ed
,
H e w ea r s a la ce m a n ti lla ov e r
-
.

h i s h e ad a ft e r t h e m anne r o f pro s t i t u t es a n d i s sa id t o w ea r w o m en s
’
,

cl o thes entirely at t im es H i s v oi ce i s s oft b u t not sh rill H e prefers

.
,
.

to m i x w i th w omen alw ay s s i ts w i th the m i n th e h ou se wh en h e c an

, ,

a nd w or ks w i th th e m i n t h e p a ddy fi e l d s etc H e m ak es cl o th es w ell , . .

B reas ts and gen i ta ls a re sa id t o be n orm al H e i s not m a rri ed an d i s .

s a id not t o h a v e a n n orm a l se x u a l re l a t io n sh ip s
y .

T h es e v ario u s acc oun t s are o f c ons id erabl e in t er es t b u t f or ,

th e mos t p ar t th eir pr ec is e signi fic an c e r emains doubtf u l al ,

 I N T R O DUC T I O N . 13

th ough D r H o l d er s c ar eful d es c rip t ion o f the boté and D r

.
’
.

B aum ann s acc oun t o f h omosexual p h en om en a in Z anzi b ar

’

cl earl y sugges t a c o ngen i t al ele m en t A ll s u ch c ust oms r end er .

possi bl e th e exis t en c e o f t r u e c ongen i t al in v er sion Bu t th ey do .

no t always pro v e i t an d o b serv ers h av e g en erally fai le d t o in

,

qu ire i n t o th e c ru c i al poin ts O n th e wh o l e the ev id en c e s h o w s

.
,

th at among l o w er rac es h omosex u al p ract i c e s are regard ed w i th

c onsid erabl e indi ff eren c e an d the real i n v er t i f he exi st s among
, ,

th em as do u btle ss he do es e xis t g en erally p ass es u np er c ei v e d

, ,

or j oins som e s ac r e d c as t e wh i ch san c tifie s h is e xcl u si v e l y h o m o

sex u al in cl in at ions .

Ev en i n E urop e t o d ay a c onsid erabl e lack o f r epugn an c e

-

t o h omos ex u al pract i c es m ay be f o u n d among th e l o w er cl ass es .

I n th is matt er as f o lkl ore sh o w s i n so many o th er m att ers the

, ,

un c u lt ur e d m an o f c i v i l iz at ion is l in k e d t o th e s av ag e I n E ng .

l and I am t o l d the so l di er o ft en has l i ttl e or no o b j ect ion t o

, ,
“
prost i t u t e h ims elf t o the s we ll wh o p ays h im alth o u gh f or ”
,

p l easur e h e pr efers t o go t o w om en ; and H yd e P ar k is spo k en

o f as a c en t er o f m al e pros t i t u t ion .

Among t he w ork i ng m as ses o f E nglan d and S c otlan d Q w ri te s

“
,
.
,

c omradesh ip i s w e ll m arke d th ou gh no t ( a s i n Ital y ) v ery c ons c iou s o f

’
,

i tself F ri en ds o ften k i ss ea ch o the r th ou gh t h i s h ab i t seem s to va ry a

.
,

good deal i n di ff e ren t sect ions and c oteri es Me n c omm only slee p to .

ge th e r wheth er c omrades or no t a nd so ea si ly g et fam i li a r O c cas io n

, ,
.

a ll y b u t no t s o v e ry O ft e n th i s re l a t io n d el ay s for a t im e or ev en i n d e fi
, , ,

natel y a ctu a l m a rr i age a n d i n s om e i n s ta nc es i s h ig hl y p as s iona te a nd

, ,

rom anti c T here i s a good d ea l o f gros sness n o do u bt h ere and th e re i n

.
, ,

th is dire ct ion among t he m ass es ; b u t th e re are no m ale pros ti t u tes ( th a t

I am a ware of ) wh ose regu la r clie nts are m an u al w orkers Th i s ki nd of .

pros ti t u tion i n L on don i s c ommon en ou gh b u t I h a ve only a s l ight per ,

s o na l kn o wl e dge o f i t Ma ny yo u th s are ke p t h an d so m el y i n a p ar tm e nt s
.
‘ ’

b y w ealth y m en and th ey are o f c ou rse not al w ay s i naccess i ble t o othe rs

, , ,
.

Man y k ee p th e m se lv es i n l od gi ngs b y th i s m ean s an d oth e rs ek e o u t ,

s c ant y w a ge s b y t h e s a m e d e v i c e j u s t l i ke w omen i n fa ct Ch oir b oys

: ,
.
-

re i nfor ce the ra nks to a co ns id erable ex te n t a nd pri v a te s oldi ers to a ,

la rge extent S om e of t he ba rra ck s ( nota bly K nightsb ridg e ) are great

.

c e n t re s O n su mm er e v en i ngs H yde P ark and t h e neighb orh ood o f A lbe r t

.

G a te i s fu l l o f gu ards m en and o th ers p ly i ng a l i v el y t ra d e and w i th ,

li ttle d i sgu i se i n uni form or out

, I n these cas es i t someti mes onl y
.
14 S EXUA L I NVER S I O N .

a mo u nts t o a ch a t on a ret ire d sea t or a dri nk at a ba r ; so me times re

c ou rs e i s ha d t o a roo m i n s om e kn o w n l odging h ou se or to one or tw o -
,

h otels wh i ch lend t hem selv es to th i s k ind o f bu s iness I n any case i t .

m ea ns a c ov e ta ble a ddit ion to Tommy Atk i ns s po cke t money And Mr ’

-
.
”
.

R a fl a l o v i c h s p e a k i ng o f L o n d o n r e m a r k s : Th e nu mbe r o f s o l die r s wh o
'
“
, ,

pros titu te th em selv es i s greater t han w e are w il l ing t o bel ieve It i s no .

e x a gge ra t io n t o sa y th a t i n ce r t a i n r egim en ts t he pres u mp t io n i s i n fa v or

o f the v ena l i ty of th e m ajori ty o f t he m en It i s w or th not ing that .

there i s a p erfe ct u n de rs ta ndi ng i n th i s m a tte r be tw ee n so ldie rs and t he

po l i ce w h o m a y alw ay s b e re l ie d u pon b y t he fo rme r for as s i stan ce a nd
,

a d v i ce I a m i ndebted t o my c orres po ndent Z f or th e fo ll ow ing no te s “

. .
,

S o l di e r s a re n o le ss s o u g ht a fte r i n F r a nc e th an i n E ngl an d or i n
“

G e rm a ny a nd s pe c i a l h o u s es e xi s t for mi l i ta ry pros ti tu t ion b o th i n P ari s

,

a n d t h e g ar ri s o n t ow n s Many f ac t s kn ow n a b ou t t h e F ren ch a rmy go

-
.

t o pro ve tha t th ese hab i ts h av e be en c o ntra cted i n Alge ria and h ave ,

S pre a d t o a f o rmid a ble e x te nt th ro u g h wh o le r egim e n ts The fa ct s re .

la te d b y U l ri ch s ab ou t t he F ren ch foreign legion on t he te st im on y o f ,

a c re di bl e w i tn e ss wh o h a d b ee n a p a th i c i n h i s re gim e n t d es e rve a tt en ,

t io n ( Ara S p et p 20 ; Memnon p , . T h i s m a n wh o w a s a G er
, .
,

m a n t o l d U l ri ch s th a t t h e S p a ni s h F re n ch a nd Ita l i a n s o l di e r s w e re
, , ,

t h e l ov e rs t h e S w i ss and G e rm a n th e ir be l ov e d ( se e a l s o G e ner al B ros

,

S i e r s R e port o t d b y B r t o A v o l u me x p
’
q u e , u n r a b i a n N i g h ts , , , .

I n L u c i e n D e s c a v e s s mi l i t a ry n o v e l S ou s 0 178 ( P a ri s Tr e s se e t S t o ck
’
, , ,

s om e d e tai ls a re gi v e n re g a rdi ng es ta bl i s h m e n ts for m a l e pr os t i

t u t i on . S ee p ages 3 22 4 12 a nd 4 17 f or d e s c rip tion o f th e dri n k i ng s h op

, ,
-

ca lle d A u x Ami s d e 1 Arm ée wh ere a f e w m a ids w ere k ep t for S h o w and

‘ ’ ’
, ,

a l s o o f i t s fr e q u en te r s i n cl u di ng i n p a rt i c u l a r t h e Adj u t an t L a p rév o t t e
, , ,
.

U l ri ch s repor ts th a t i n t h e A u s tri a n a rmy l e ctu re s o n h omose x u a l v i ces

a re reg u l a rl y gi ven t o ca de t s a nd c o n s c rip t s ( Memnon p A , .

s o l di e r wh o h a d l e ft t h e a rmy t ol d a fri e nd o f m i n e th a t he a nd m a ny

o f h i s c omra de s h a d ta k en t o h omo sexu al i nd u lgences wh en ab roa d o n

foreign serv i ce i n a lone ly s ta ti on H e kep t the pra cti ce u p i n E ng lan d .

‘
be ca u se t he w omen o f h i s cla ss w e re s o u na ttra c t i ve T h e cap ta in of .
’

a n E ng l i s h m a n O f w a r sa id th a t h e w a s a l w a ys gl a d t o s en d hi s m en on
- -

s h ore a fte r a l o ng c r u i s e a t s e a n e v er fee l i ng su re h o w f a r th e y might

,

n o t a l l go i f l e ft w i t h o u t w om en f or a c e r ta i n s pa ce o f t im e I m ay ad d ”
.

th a t A H a mo n ( L a F ra nce S oc i a l e c i P oli ti qu e 189 1 pp 6 53 55 ;

.
, , .
-

a ls o i n hi s P sy c ho log i e d a Mi l i tai r e P ro f ess i one l Ch a p te r X ) gi v e s ,

deta i ls as t o the pre val en ce o f pe de rasty i n t h e F ren ch a rmy e spe c i a ll y ,

i n A l ge ri a ; h e r ega rd s i t a s e x tre m el y c o m mo n a lth o u g h t h e m ajori t y ,

a re free A fra gm en t o f a le tte r b y G ene ral L a mori ci ere ( S p eak ing o f

.

Marsh al Ch anga rn i e r ) i s qu o te d : E n Afri qu e nous en atone tous ma i s ,

l ui en es t reste i ci .
 I N T RO D UC TI O N . 15

T h is primi t i v e indi ff eren c e is doubtl ess al so a fact or in the

pr ev al en c e o f h omo sex u al i t y among c rimin al s alth o u gh h er e i t
, ,

m u s t b e r em e m b er ed tw o o th er fact ors ( c o n g eni t al ab normal i ty

,

an d th e i s o l at ion o f imprisonme n t ) h av e t o b e c onsid er ed In .

R u ssi a T arn o w sky o b s erv e s th at all p ed eras t s are agree d th at the

c ommon p eop l e are t o l erabl y i n d i ff eren t t o th eir s exu al ad v an c es ,
“
wh i ch th ey c all ge n tlem en s gam es ’
A c orr espond en t remark s
.
”

“
on the fact p at en t t o all o b ser v ers th at simp l e f o lk no t i n
, ,

fr equ en tl y disp lay n o great er di sg us t f o r th e ab normal i t ies o f

”
s exu al app e t i t e th an th ey do f or i ts norm al m ani f es tat ions
1
.

H e k no w s o f m any c ases in wh i ch m e n o f l o w er cl ass w ere fl at

tered an d p l eas e d b y th e att en t io n s o f m en o f h ig h er cl ass al ,

th o u gh no t th ems elv es in v ert e d A nd from th is poin t o f vi ew

.

th e f o ll o w in g c as e wh i ch h e me n t ions is v ery ins t ru ct i v e

, ,

A pe rv e rt wh om I c an tru st to ld m e th a t he ha d ma de ad v ances to
u p w a rd o f o ne h u n d re d m e n i n t h e c o u rse o f th e l a s t fo u r te e n ye a r s a nd ,

tha t h e h a d onl y o n ce m et w ith a re fu s al ( i n wh i ch c as e t he m an later

o n o ff e red h i m se lf s po nt a ne o u s l y ) an d o nl y on c e w i th a n a t tempt t o e x

tort mo ney P e rm an en t rela tions o i fri en ds h ip spran g u p i n mos t i n

.

s ta nc e s. H e a dmi tte d th a t he l ook ed a ft e r th ese pe rs ons a nd h e l p e d th e m

w i th hi s s oc i a l i n fl u en ce an d a ce rta i n am ou nt o f pecu niary su pport
se tti ng o n e u p i n b u s i ness ,gi v i ng a no th e r s om e th i ng to m a rry o n and ,

fin ding p lac e s for oth e rs .

A mo ng th e p eas an t ry in S w i t z er l and I am in form ed h omo

, ,

sex u al r el at ions h ips are no t u n c ommon b e f or e m arri ag e an d ,

“
s u ch rel at io n sh ips are l ightl y spo k en o f as D u mm h ei t en No .
”

dou bt simi l ar t rai t s might b e f ound in the p easan t ry o f o th er

,

p art s o f E u rop e .

Wh at m ay b e r egard ed as t ru e s ex u al in v ersion c an b e t rac ed

i n E urop e from th e b egi n n i n g o f th e Ch ris t i an era ( th ough w e
c an s c ar c el y d emo n s t r at e the c ong eni t al el em en t ) esp ec i all y

among tw o cl ass e s— m e n o f ex c ep t ion al ab i l i t y an d c rimin al s ;

an d al so i t m ay b e add ed among th os e n eu ro t i c an d d eg en er at e
, ,

1
fu rth e r i llu st ra tion o f thi s I h av e been to ld th a t a mong the
In
c ommon p eop le th ere i s o ften no feeling against c onnect ion w i th a w oman
p er anu m .
 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

indi v idual s wh o m ay b e s aid t o li e b etw ee n th es e tw o cl ass es an d ,

on or o v er the b ord ers o f b o th H omosexual i t y mingl e d w i th .

,

v arious o th er s ex u al ab n orm al i t i es an d ex c ess es see ms t o h av e ,

flo u rish ed i n R o me during th e empire and i s w ell ex emp l i fie d ,

in the p erso n s o f many o f the e mp erors 1

J u l i u s C aesar Au .
,

g u st u s Tib erius C al igu l a Cl au di u s N ero G alb a T i t u s D omi

, , , , , , ,

t i an Ner va Tr aj an H adri an C ommod u s an d H el iogab al u s

, , , , ,

m an y O f th em m en o f gr eat ab i l i ty an d f rom a R oman s t and ,

—
poi n t gr eat mor al w orth are al l ch arged on more or l ess so l id
, ,

e v ide n c e w i th h omos exual pract i c es I n J u l i u s C aesar

,
— “
th e
.

h usb and o f al l w om en an d th e w i fe o f al l m e n — e x c e ss o f s exu al

”

act i v i t y s eems t o h av e acc omp ani ed as is som e t im es se en an ex , ,

c ess o f in t elle ct ual act i v i t y H e was fi rs t acc u s e d o f h omos ex u al

.

pract i c es aft er a l o n g s t ay in Bi thyni a w i th King N i k o m ed es ,

and th e ch arg e w as v e ry O ft e n r en ew e d C aesar was proud o f h is .

p h ysi c al b eau ty an d l i ke m any mod ern i n v ert s h e was acc u s

, , ,

tom e d c are f u ll y t o sh av e an d e pi l at e h is b ody t o pre s er v e th e

smoo th n es s o f the sk in H adri an s l o v e for h is b eau t i fu l sl av e
.
’

A n t i n ous is w ell k n o w n ; th e l o v e seems to h av e b een d eep an d

m u t u al an d An t ino u s has b ec om e immor tal iz ed p ar tl y b y the
, ,

r o m an c e o f h is O b s c u re d eath an d p artl y b y th e n ew an d
s t range l y b eau t i ful t yp e wh i ch he has gi v en t o s c u l p t u re H el io .

g a b a l n s s e ems t o h av e b ee n a t r u e s e x u al i n v e r t o f f e mini n e t yp e ;

h e dr e ss e d as a w om an an d w as d ev o t ed t o th e m en h e l o v ed .

H omos exual pract i c es ev ery wh er e flo u rish an d ab o u n d

among prisone rs Th er e is ab u nd an t ev id en c e o n th is poin t I
. .

w i ll o n ly b ring f orward th e ev id en c e o f D r H D Wey th e . . .

,

p h y si c i an t o the El mira R eform at ory N ew Yor k H e w rit es t o ,

.

“
me: S ex u al i t y is on e o f th e mos t t roubl esom e el eme nt s w i th
wh i ch we h av e t o c o n t end I h av e no d at a as t o th e n u m b er o f
.

prison ers h er e wh o are s ex u all y pe rv ers e I n my p essimist i c .

mo m ent s I sh o u l d fe el l i k e s ayi n g th at al l w ere ; b u t prob abl y

80 p er c en t w ou l d b e a fair es t im at e An d r ef erri n g t o th e
”
,
. .

Ch e v l
1
a ier ( L I nver si on S ewu el le , pp 85 106 )
’
ri n g s o r w a rd
. a -
b f
co ns ide ra bl e a mou nt o f v c
e id e n e r ega rdi n g p ed e ra s y a t R om e u nde r t h e t
em pe rors l M ll
o , Kontr ci re S evua lemp flnd ung, 1899, pp 55 6 6
‘

. S ee a so .
-
.
 I N T RO DU C T I O N . 17

sexual infl u en c e wh i ch som e m en hav e o v er o th ers h e r em ar k s ,

“
th at th ere are m an y m en w i th feat u r es s u gg es t i ve o f fem i n ei t y
th at att ract oth ers t o th em in a way that r eminds m e o f a b i tch
in h eat fo ll o w ed b y a p ack o f dogs 1
.
”

Prison l i fe d ev el ops an d f os t ers the h omos exual t end en c y

-

o f c rimin al s ; b u t th er e c an be l i ttl e doubt th at th at t end en cy ,

or e l se a t end en c y t o s ex u al indi ff eren c e ( psy ch osex u al h er

m ap hro d i ti sm ) is a r adi c al ch aract er o f a v ery l arg e n u m b er o f
,

c rimin al s We m ay al so fin d i t t o a c onsid erabl e ex t en t among

.

t ramps an all i ed cl ass o f undoubte d d egen erat es wh o s av e f or

, , ,

b ri e f s easons are l ess fami l i ar w i th prison l i fe I am abl e t o

,
-
.

b ring f or ward in t eres t ing ev id en c e on th is poin t b y an ac u t e

o b s erv er wh o has l i v ed mu ch among t ramps in v arious c oun
t ri es an d has l arg ely d ev o te d h imself t o the st u dy o f th em
,
”
.

T he fact th at h om os ex u al i t y is esp e c i all y c ommon among

m en o f ex c ep t ion al in t ell ect w as l ong sin c e no t ed b y D an t e

I n s omm a ppi c h e tu tti fu r c herc i

sa ,

E l i tt erat i g randi et di gr a n fa m a
,

u n m e d e s i n o p e cc a t o a l mo n do l e r c i
’ ‘
D .

f ll w
The o o i ng n o e h a s e en u rn i s ed o m e :
1
t b Ba z a , i n Une f h t l c
D erni er e I ncar na ti on d c V a utri n , des ri es th e mor a s o f t h e F ren c b l ch
ba g nes D o s t o i e ff s k y , i n P r i s on li f e i n S i beri a , o u
. e s o n t he s a m e s u b
-
t ch
t . t t f
j c e See h i s po r ra i o S iro in , pp 52 et seq , p 120 ( edi i on J and R tk . . . t . .

Max e , L ondon )
w ll W e ma y c om pare a r i e r, L es D ena: P ros ti tu ti ons ,
. C l
f c t f
pp 300 1, or an ac ou n o t h e io en e o omo se xu a p ass ions i n F ren
.
-
v l c fh l ch
t t
p ri s ons Th e in i i a e d are fami i a r i the a i n E ng i s pri sons
. l w th f ct l h .

ch
Bou a rd , i n hi s C onfessi ons ( P a ri s , L i seu x , desc ri es t he on i b c v ct
s a i on a t Ma rse i es i n 1 6 30
t t ll .

S ee App e ndix A :
“
H
o mos ex u a i y a m o ng T ra mp s , y J osia lt b h
F 1yn t .

”
I n f erno , X V m ay e re re e r
. I h
o my o wn O ser a io ns o n i s f t b v t th
poi n i n t h e pre a e Ma nt eg az z a ( G li Amo ri d eg li Uomi ni ) rem a r s
t f c . k
th at i n h i s o w n re s ri ed t ct c cl
ir e h e i s a qu a in ed i a F ren c
pu i is , t w th ch bl c t
a G e rm a n poe , an t It l t t
a i an s a es m an , an d a S p a n i s j u ri s , a ll m e n o h t f
ex qu i s i e t t t
a s e an d h hl c lt v t
ig y u i a e d mi n d , ” -
o are se xu a y in e r e d wh ll v t .

b f c
K ra fit E i ng , i n t he pre a e t o hi s P sy c hopa thi a S ewu a l i s , re e rri ng t o
'
-
f
b l c t
t h e n u m e r es s c om m u n i a ions he h as re ei ed f rom t e se s te p
“ ” “
i c v h -
ch l
t k th t
dren of N a u re , rem ar s a the m ajori y o the ri ers are m en o
” “
t f w t f
h h ll ct l c l t
ig i nte e u a a nd so i a po s i ion , an d o ten po sse ss e ry een em o f v k
t ions ”
. R a ff al o v i c h ( Ur ani s me, p 197 ) n am es am on g di s i n g u i s ed
. t h
v t l t
i n e r s A ex a nd e r th e G rea , S o ra e s , S op o es , P i nda r , P hei d i as , c t h cl
l
E p ami n o nda s , V irg i , t h e g re a C ond e, P ri n e E u ge n e , e t c t T h e q u e s ion c . t
f ’
l v c
o V i rg i s i n e rs ion i s di s u sse d in the R evi s ta d i F i l ologia , 1890, f as .

Ih v b
o se e i s re iew bl t th v
'

7 9, b u t
-
a e no t ee n a e .

2
18 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

, ,
—
I t h as n ot I th in k b ee n n o t e d l arg e l y b e c aus e th e ev i
—
d en c e w as ins u ffi c i en tl y cl ear th at among r el igious or mor al
l ead ers and o th er p ersons w i th st rong eth i c al i n s t in ct s th er e is
, ,

a t en d en c y t o w ard th e more el ev at ed f orms o f h omos exu al f eel

ing Th is m ay b e t rac ed no t on ly in som e o f th e great moral

.
,

t each ers o f o l d b u t al so in m en an d w om en o f ou r o w n d ay I t
,
.

is fairl y ev id en t wh y th is sh oul d b e so Just as th e r epr essed .

l o v e o f a w om an or a m an has i n norm all y c ons t i t u t e d p erso n s

, ,

f req u en tl y furn ish ed th e mo t i v e po w er for an en l arg e d ph i l an

th ro p i c act i v i t y so th e p erson wh o s ees h is o w n sex al so b ath e d
,

i n sex u al gl amour b rings t o h is w ork o f h um an s er v i c e an ardor

wh o ll y unk no w n t o th e norm all y c o n s t i t u t e d indi v id u al ; mo
ral i ty t o h im h as b e c om e on e w i th l o v e I am no t prep ared h ere.

t o i n sis t on th i s poin t b u t no on e I th in k wh o s t u di es sym

, , ,

p ath eti c ally the h ist ori es an d exp eri en c es o f great moral l ead ers
c an f ai l in m any c as e s t o n o t e th e pre s en c e o f th is fe el i n g mor e ,

or l ess fin el y s u bl imat ed from any gro ss p h ysi c al m ani fest at ion .

I n mod ern E urop e w e fi nd the s t ro n g es t ev id en c e o f th e

pre sen c e o f wh at m ay fair l y b e c all ed t r u e s ex u al in v er sion wh en
w e in v e s t ig at e th e m e n o f th e R e n aiss an c e T h e in t ell e ct u al i n .

d ep end en c e o f th os e d ays an d the influ en c e o f an t iqui t y s eem t o

h ave l ib er at ed an d fu ll y d ev el op ed th e imp u l s es o f th os e ab n or
m al i n di v idu al s wh o w o u l d o th e rw is e h av e f o u nd n o cl ear ex
pr ession, an d p as s ed unno t i c ed 1
Mu re t for ins t an c e a dis t in
.
, ,

g u i sh e d Fr en ch h u m anis t w as th ro,
u g h o u t h is wh o l e l i f e t h e

v i ct im O f h is o w n h omos exu al imp u l ses H e t aught p h i l osop hy .

an d c i v i l l aw at P aris t o c ro w ds o f s t u d en t s, b u t w as ch arge d

w i th u n n at ural c rim e an d th ro w n i n t o th e Ch at el et H e re .

so lv ed t o s t arv e h imself t o d eath bu t on b ei n g l ib erat e d b y th e

, ,

h el p o f infl u en ti al fri ends h e we n t t o To u l ous e and t au ght

,

R om an l aw un t i l on c e more he was acc us ed o f an unn at u ral

off ens e w i th a young m an an d th e tw o w er e c ond emn ed t o b e
,

b urn ed M uret esc ape d , h o w ev er an d fl ed t o It al y wh er e h e

.
, ,

Ita l i an l i te ratu re , re m a rk s S ymond s ,

t h c an
e R i mse Bhow
u r
l esc he, B e c c a d e ll i s H erma p hr od i tus , t he C a nti C arnas c ia l es c hi , t h e Ma a c
’

ro n i c po e m s o f F i d e nti u s , and t h e re m a r k ably ou s t p ok en rom ance en

t tl
i e d A lc i bi ad e F a nc i u l lo a S co la ”
.
 I NTR O DU C TI O N . 19

b ec am e the f ri end o f m any di st in gu is h ed m en alth ough simi l ar ,

ch arges pursu ed h im t o the last M i ch el angel o one o f the v ery

.
,

ch i ef ar t is t s o f the R en aiss an c e p e riod we c anno t n ow doub t , ,

w as s exu all y in v er t e d T h e e v ide n c e f urnis h e d b y h is o w n

.

l e tt ers an d po ems as w ell as th e r e s ear c h e s o f num e ro u s r e c en t

,

—
w ork ers P arlagrec o S c hefll e r J A S ym onds etc
, , ,
.
— m ay b e .
,
.
,

said to h av e p l ac ed th is b eyond q u es t ion 1

H e b el ong ed t o a .

fami l y o f fiv e b ro th ers f o u r o f wh o m n e v e r m arri ed and so f ar

, ,

as is k no w n l e ft no o ff spring ; th e fifth on l y l eft on e m al e h e ir .

H i s b iogr ap h e r d es c ri b es M i ch e l ang el o as a m an o f pe c u l i ar ,

H e was i n d i f
”
n ot alt og eth e r h e alth y n e rv o u s t e mp e r am en t
,
.

f e rent t o w om en ; on l y in o n e c as e ind e e d during h is l ong l i fe

, ,

is th er e ev id e n c e ev en o f fri en ds h ip w i th a w om an wh i l e h e was ,

v ery s ensi t i v e t o th e b eau t y o f m en and h is f ri endsh ips w e r e ,

v ery t e nd er an d en th usi as t i c A t th e s am e t im e t h ere is no

.

r eason t o suppos e th at h e f orm e d any p hysi c all y p assion at e

r el at ions h ips w i th m en an d ev e n h is en emi e s s el dom or n e v e r
,

m ad e th is acc us at ion ag ains t h im We m ay pro b ably acc ep t .

th e es t im at e o f h is ch ar act e r gi v e n b y o n e o f h is l at e s t b iog
ra h ers :
p

M i ch elangelo B u onarot ti w as on e of th e se e x cept i onal b u t n ot nu ,

comm on men w h o are b orn w i th sens i b i l it ies abn ormally defl e cted from
,

the ordinary channel H e sh o w ed no p a r t i a l i t y f or w om en and a n o ta bl e

.
,

ent h u s ias m for t he beau t y o f you ng m en H e w as a m an o f

.

ph ys i cal l y fri gid tempe ram ent ex trem el y sen si ti ve t o beau t y o f the m al e
,

type wh o h ab i tu all y p h i l oso p h ized h i s emo tions and c ontemp la te d the

, ,

li v ing obj e cts o f hi s admi ration as a mi able no t only f or th eir pe rs onal ,

qu al i tie s b u t a l s o for th eir es th eti ca l a tt ra ct i vene ss

, .
”

A t emp e r am e n t o f th is k ind s e ems t o h av e had no si gni fi

c an c e f or th e m en o f th os e d ay s ; th ey w er e bl ind t o al l h om e
sexu al emo t ion wh i ch had no r esu lt i n sodomy Pl at o f ound .

1
S e e P a rl agre c o , Mi chelang elo B uona ro tti , N a p le s , 1888 ; L u d w ig
v on S c h effl er, Mi c hel ang el o E i n R ena i s sanc e S tud i o 1892 ; Ar c hi ve d i
’
, ,

P s i c hia tri a , v o l x v , fa s c i , ii , p 129 ; J A S ymo n d s , L i fe of Mi c h el ang el o,

. . . . .

1893 ; D r Ju r N u m a P ra et ori u s , Mi ch e l Ange l o s U rni ngt u m , J a hr b uc h

“ ’ ”
. .

fii r sem el le Z wi s c hens tu fen , B 2 , 1899, pp 254 26 7

. .
-
.

”
J A S ymo nd s , L i fe of Mi chela ng elo , v o l i i , p 384
. . . . .
20 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

su c h attract ion a sub j ect f or s en t im en t al m eta p hys i c s b u t i t was ,

no t un t i l n ear l y our o wn t im e th at i t again b ec ame a sub j ect o f

in t er est an d st udy Y et i t undoubt ed l y had pro f o u nd i nfl uen c e
.

on M i ch el an g el o s art imp ell i n g h im t o fi nd ev ery kind O f hu

’
,

m an b eau t y i n th e m al e f orm an d only a grav e di gni t y or t ende r ,

n ess di v or c ed from ev ery qu al i ty th at is s exually d esirabl e in

, ,

the f em al e f orm Th is d e ep l y roo t e d ab no rm al i t y is at on c e th e

.

k ey t o th e m el an ch o l y o f M i ch el ang el o and t o the mys t ery o f h is

art . H is c o n t emporary the p ain t er B azzi s eems al so t o have
, ,

b een r adi c all y in v er t ed and t o th is fact h e o w ed h is ni ck n am e

,

S odom a A s h o w ev er h e was marri e d an d had ch i l dren i t m ay

.
, , ,

b e th at h e was wh at w e sh o u l d no w c all a p sy ch os exu al he r

m aph rod i te H e was a gr eat art is t w h o has b een d ealt w i t h nu
.

j us tl y p ar tl y p erh ap s b e c aus e o f th e pr ej udi c e o f Vas ari

, , , ,

w h os e admirat ion f or M i ch elangel o amoun t e d t o w o rsh ip b u t ,

wh o is c on t emp t uous t o ward S odom a and grudgi n g o f pr ais e ,

p ar tl y b ec aus e h is w ork is l i tt le kn o wn out o f I t al y an d no t v ery

easy o f acc ess th er e R eckl ess un b al an c ed an d ecc en t ri c in h is
.
, ,

l i fe S odom a i f w e m ay j u dge h im b y th e in t ere st i n g port rai t

, ,

in the Pi tt i Pal ac e was a m an o f n euro t i c t yp e fu ll o f nerv ous

, ,

e n e rgy an d o f d e e p l y m e l an ch o l i c t e mp er am en t
,
I n h is p ain t .

ing th ere is a p ec ul iar fem i n in e so ft n es s and warmth and a v ery ,

m ark ed an d t end er feel i n g f or m as c ul in e b u t s c ar c el y v iri l e , ,

b eau t y .

I n the s ev en t een th c en t u ry a no t ab l e F l emish s c u l p t or ,

J erOm e D u qu esnoy ( wh os e s t i ll mor e dis t ingu is h e d b ro th e r

Fran cois ex ec u t ed the Man n ek en P i s in Bru ss el s ) w as an in v ert ; ,

h av in g fi n all y b een acc us ed o f s exual r el at io n s w i th a youth

in a ch ap el o f the Ghen t C ath ed ral where he was ex ec ut ing a ,

monum en t f or the b ish op h e was s t rangl ed and b urn ed no t , ,

wi th s t anding th at mu ch infl u en c e I n cl uding th at o f th e b ish op ,

was b rought t o b ear in h is b eh alf .

S ee t h e i nte res ti ng a cco u n t o f Du qu es noy b y E c k h o u d ( J ahr buc h

1

fu r sea u el l e Z wi sc hens tu f en , B 2 , an e mi n e n t Be lg i an no ve l is t
.

wh o ha s h im self latel y b een su bj e cted t o prosecu tion o n a cco u n t o f the

pi ctu res of h omosexu al i ty i n hi s nov els and st ories , E s ca l V i gor and L e
C yc l e P ati bu la i re .
 I N T R O DUC T I O N . 21

I n mor e r ec en t t im es W in ke lm an n wh o w as the ini t iat or ,

o f a n ew Gr eek R en ai ss an c e an d o f th e mod ern appr e c i at ion o f

an c i en t art l i e s und e r wh at s eem s t o b e a w ell ground e d sus
,
-

i i n o f s exu al in v rsion H is l e tt ers t o m al e f ri ends are f u ll

p c o e .

o f the mos t p assionate expressions o f l o v e H is v io l en t d eath .

al so app ears t o h av e b een d u e to a l o v e ad v en t u r e w i th a m an -

.

T h e murd er er was a c oo k a wh o l l y un c ul t i v ate d m an a c ri m in al

, ,

wh o had al r eady b een c ond emn ed t o d eath an d sh ortl y b ef or e ,

murd ering Win k el mann f or the sake o f p l under he was f o u nd

t o b e on v ery in t im ate t erms w i th h im 1
I t is no t ew or th y that
.

s ex u al in v ersion S h o u l d so O ft en b e found asso c iat ed w i th th e

s t udy o f an t iqu i ty I t mus t no t h o w ev er b e t oo h as t i l y c on
.
, ,

cl ud ed that th is is d u e t o s u gges t ion and th at t o ab o l ish the

s t udy o f Greek l i t erat ur e an d art w oul d be l argely t o ab o l ish sex
u al in v ersion Wh at has r eall y o cc urred in th e se r ec en t c ases
.

that m ay b e s t udi ed an d th erefore w i th o u t doubt in th e o l d er

,

c as es is th at the sub j ect o f c ong en i t al s exual in v ersion is at

,

t ract e d t o th e s t udy o f Greek an t iqui ty b ec aus e he finds th ere

the exp l an at ion an d the apo th eosis o f h is o w n O b s c ur e impu l s es .

U ndou bt e d l y th at s t udy t ends t o d eve l op th es e imp u l s es .

I n E ngl is h h is t ory we fi nd m any t rac es o f h omos exu al

S ee J net i s L i fe o f Wi nke l ma nn, a nd a ls o Moll s D i e Kon tr ar e
1 ’ ’

S ea ua l emp flnd u ng , th ird ed i ti on , 1899, pp 122 126

‘
. I n th i s w ork , as
-
.

w e ll as in R a fial ov i c h s Urani sme et Uni s eama li té, t h ere w i ll be f ou n d

'
’

so m e a cc o u nt o f m an y emi n en t m e n wh o are , o n mor e or l ess r el i a bl e

grou nds , su spe c te d o f h omosex u a l i ty O th e r G e rm an w ri te rs b rou ght
.

forwa rd as inve rte d b y M0 11 an d R a fl al ov i c h are P laten , K P Mori t z,

'

. .

an d I mand P laten w as clearly a c ongen i tal inve rt , wh o sou ght,

.

h o weve r, the sa ti s fa cti on of h is i mpu lse s i n P la to ni c fri endsh ip ; hi s

h om osexu al poe m s and t he re c en tl y p u bl i s he d u nab ridged ed it ion o f
-

hi s di a r y rend er h im an in te res ti ng o bj e ct o f s tu dy ; s e e f or a
sym p a t h et i c a cc ou n t o f h im , L u d w ig F re y , A n s d e m S ee l e n l eb e n d e s
“

G ra fen P la ten , J a hr bu ch fii r sea ue l lc Z wi sc hens tu f en, B l , 1898, pp

” ~
. .

R a fial o v i c h a ls o t ra c es h omo s ex u a l e pi s od e s i n t he l i v es o f
'

15 9 2 14
-
.

G oe th e, Mo l i ere , M onta igne , Al fieri , Casano v a , et c T h es e w ri ters a ls o .

re fe r i n t he sa m e conne ctio n to v ario u s k ings and poten tates , in cl u di ng

the S u lta n Bab e r ; H enri I I I o f F ranc e ; E d w ard II , W i ll i a m II , Ja m es I ,
a nd W il l i am III o f E ngl a n d , a nd pe rh a p s Q u ee n A n n e a n d G e orge III ,
F re de ri ck t he G rea t an d h i s b ro the r H e i n ri ch , P op es P au l II , S ix tu s I V ,
an d J u l i u s II , L u d w ig II o f Ba v a ri a , and o t h e r s K i ngs s ee m pe c u l ia rl y
.

i ncl ine d t o h omo se x u a l i ty I n th i s c onnec tion w e m a y rem e m be r th a t ,

.

as J a c o b y and m an y oth e rs h a v e s h o w n, mona r ch i c a l fa mi l i e s are m u ch

s u b j e c t to d egenerat io n .
22 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

pract i c es I n N orm an t im es i t seems t o h av e flourished as i t

.
,

alw ays has wh er ev er th e N orm an s h av e gon e Wi ll i am R u fus .

w as undoubt e d l y in ve rt ed E d ward II an d J am es I w er e c er
.

tai n ly ab norm all y att ract e d t o th eir ow n sex 1

Marl o w e wh ose .
,

mos t p ow erf ul drama E dwa rd I I is d ev o ted t o a pi ct ur e o f the

, ,

relat ions b etw een th at k ing an d h is minions is h imself susp ect e d ,

o f h omos exual i t y A n ignoran t in fo rme r b roug ht c ert ai n charges

.

o f f reethou gh t an d c rimin al i t y agains t h im an d fur th er acc used ,

h im o f ass er ti n g t hat th ey are f oo l s wh o l o v e n ot b oys T h ese .

charg es h ave doubtl ess b een c o l or ed b y th e v u l gar ch ann el

th rough wh i ch the y p ass ed b u t i t s eems ab so l u t el y impossibl e
,

t o regard th em as the inv en t ions o f a m ere gall o w s b ird su ch as -

’
th is in f orm er was ”
M or eo v er M arl o w e s po e t i c w ork wh i l e i t
.
, ,

S h o w s h im b y n o m eans ins en si t i v e t o th e b eau t y o f w om en al so ,

r eveal s a sp e c i al an d p ec ul i ar s en si t i v en ess t o m as c ul in e b eau ty .

Mar l o w e cl early had a re ckl ess d el ight i n all th ings un l awfu l ,

an d i t s eems pro b abl e th at h e poss ess e d the psy ch osexu al h er

m aph rod i te s t emp er am en t S h ak esp ear e h as al so b een dis c uss ed

’
.

from th is poin t o f v i ew A ll th at c an b e s aid h o w ev er is th at

.
, ,

h e addr ess ed a l ong seri es o f sonn et s t o a yo u thf u l m al e fri end .

’
Th es e sonn e t s are w ri tt en in l o v er s l angu age o f a v ery t en d er
an d no bl e ord er Th ey do n o t app ear t o imp l y any rel at ionsh ip
.

th at th e w ri t er r egard ed as sh am ef ul or th at w ou l d b e so re
gard ed b y th e w or l d M ore o v e r the y s eem t o r epres en t b u t a
.
,
”
si n g l e episod e in th e l i fe o f a v e ry s ensi t i v e m any sid ed n at ur e ,
-
.

Th ere is no o th er ev id en ce in S h ak esp ear e s w ork O f h omo sexual ’

’
ins t in ct su ch as w e m ay t r ac e th rough out Marl o we s wh i l e th er e ,

1
R a fial o v i c h
'

v
ery prop e r y a s a e n ion l c ll tt t
o th e ex ra ordinary t t
wh ch h
m anner i n i t he b iograp e r o f J a m es , i n th e D i c ti ona ry of N a ti ona l I
b ll w t
B i ogra p hy , h a s ee n a o e d o s u pp ress t h e e iden ce or a t mon a r
’
vs f th ch
h l ct c t t th
om osex u a p ra i e s , and o rea im as a mod e o pe rso na p u ri y i n l f l t
tc v t
t he m o s l
o n e n iona se n se .

1
S ee a ppe ndix o my ed i t i on o f Ma r o e i n t h e Merma i d S eri es ,
t l w
rs e di ion F o r a s u dy o Ma r o e s G av es to n , regarded as the her
fi t t t
. f l w ’ “ ” “

l
m a ph rod i t e i n so u
”
ckl
see J A N i
, in, F ree R evi ew , D e e m e r, 1895
. . c b .

8
c tl
'

t
A s R a fl a l o v i c h a u e y poi n s o u t , th e en ie s o nne , i it s tw t th t w th
f c th t
re eren e to th e o ne ing o my p u rp o se no i ng, i s a one enou g o
“ ”
th l h t
h w th t h k
S o a S a es pe a re w as n ot a genu i ne i n e r , a s en h e v t
ou d a e th w l h v
f v lt f l v b ct b
ou nd t he i ri i y o t he o ed o j e e au i u tf l .
 I N T R O DUC T I O N . 23

is ab u nd an t ev id en c e o f a c onst an t pr eo cc up at ion w i th w omen .

I t is re markabl e th at wh i l e S h ak esp eare th us narro wly es c ap es

,

in cl u sion in th e l is t o f in v ert s h is great c on t empo rary L ord , ,

B ac o n acc ording t o A ub rey s st at em ent in S hort L i ves was a

,
’
,

p ed eras t .

A minor El iz ab ethan lyri c al po et wh os e w or k has had the ,

h onor o f b eing c o n fu s ed w i th S h ak esp eare s R i ch ard B arn fiel d ’

, ,

app ears t o h av e poss ess e d th e t emp eram en t at l east o f th e in v er t , , .

H is po ems t o m al e fri ends are o f so imp assion ed a ch ar act er th at

th ey arous ed th e pro t e s t s o f a v ery t o l eran t age V ery l i ttl e is .

k no w n o f B arn fiel d s l i fe ; he w as a c o u n t ry g en tl em an o f m eans

’
,

wh o re t ire d t o h is es t at e in S h ropsh ire an d app aren tl y di ed nu

m arri ed A t a som ewh at earl i er p eriod an emine n t h um an is t
.

an d n o t abl e pio n e er in dr am at i c l i t e r at ur e Ni ch o l as U d all , ,

t o wh om is att ri bu t e d R a lph R oi s ter D oi s ter th e fi r st E ngl ish ,

c om edy s t ands ou t as u nqu es t ion ably addi cte d t o h omosexu al

,

t ast es alth ough h e has l eft n o l i t erary evid en c e o f th is t end en cy

, .

H e w as an e ar l y ad h er en t o f th e Pro t e s t ant mo v em en t an d wh en ,

h ead m ast er o f Et on h e was no t ed f or h is l o v e o f infli ct in g c or

-

poral p u ni sh m en t on th e b oys Tuss er says h e on c e rec ei v ed .

“
f rom U dall fif ty th r ee s t rip es f or fau lt b u t sm all or n o n e at
-

al l
”
. H e r e th er e w as ev id e n tl y a s e x u al s adis t i c impu l s e f or in ,

1 5 4 1 ( th e y ea r o f R a lph R oi s ter D oi s ter) U d all w as ch arg e d

w i th u n n at ur al c ri m e an d c o n fe ss ed h is gui lt b efor e the Pri vy
,

C oun c i l H e w as dismiss e d from th e h ead mas t ersh ip an d i m

.
-

“
prison ed b u t on l y f or a s h ort t ime an d h i s re p u t at ion h is
, , ,
“
H e
”
mod ern b iograp h er s t at es was no t p erm an en tly i nj u r ed ,
.

ret ain e d th e V i c arage o f Brain t r ee an d was mu ch fav ored b y ,

E d w ard V I wh o n ominate d h im t o a preb end o f Wi n dsor

,
.

Q u een M ary was al so fav orabl e an d h e b ec am e h ead mast er o f -

W es t mi n s t e r S ch oo l I n more r ec en t t im es Byron has f re

.
1

qu en tl y b een r efe rr e d t o as exp eri en c ing h omosex u al aff ect io n s ,

an d I h av e b e en i n f orm e d th at som e o f h is po ems nomin all y

addr e ss e d t o w om en w e r e r eall y inspir e d b y m en I t is c ert ain .

th at he exp eri en c ed v ery s t rong emo t io n s t o w ard hi s m al e

1
T h ese p a r t i c u l a rs a re ta k en from t he a rt i cle on U d a ll i n the
‘

D i c ti ona ry of N a ti ona l B i og rap hy .

24 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

f ri ends My s ch oo l fri ends h ips he w ro t e

-
w ere w i th m e
, ,

p assions Wh en h e aft e r w ard m et o n e o f th e s e f ri e nds L ord

.
,

Clar e in I t al y he was p ai n ful l y agi tat ed and c oul d n eve r h ear

, , ,

the n am e w i th ou t a b eat ing o f th e h eart A t th e age o f 22 he .

f orm ed on e o f h is st rong att ach m en t s f or a you th t o wh om he

l eft £ 7 000 in h is w i ll I t is prob abl e h o w eve r th at h er e as w ell
.
, , ,

as in th e c as e o f S h ak esp ear e an d in th at o f T ennyson s l o v e

’
,

f or h is yo u thful fri end A r th ur H all am alth o u g h su ch st rong ,

f ri endsh ips m ay in v o lv e an el em ent o f s ex u al emo t ion we h ave ,

no t ru e an d d efini t e h omos exual imp u l s e ; h omosexual i t y is

m erely simu l at e d b y the ard en t an d hype res th e t i c emo t ions o f
th e po et
’
. T h e sam e qu al i t y o f th e po et s emo t io n al t emp eram en t
m ay doubtl e ss al so be in v o k e d in th e c as e o f Goe th e wh o is
, , ,

said to h av e w ri tt en el eg i es wh i ch , on acc oun t o f th eir h ome

s ex u al ch aract er s t i ll r em ai n unp u bl ish ed
,
.

A gr eat p ers on al i t y o f ou r ow n t ime wh o has b een w id el y ,

regard ed w i th r ev eren c e as the prop h et po et o f D emo c racy 1 -

—
Walt Wh i tm an has arous ed dis c u ssion b y h is symp ath et i c att i
“
t u d e t o w ard p assio n at e fri endsh ip or m an ly l o v e as h e c all s ,
”

,
.
—
i t in L eaves of G rass I n this b oo k i n C al amus “ “
D r um taps ,
”
,
”

an d e l s e wh e r e— Wh i t m an c el eb r at e s a f ri en ds h ip in wh i ch
p h ysi c al c on t act an d a k i n d O f si l ent v o l u p t u o u s emo t ion are
ess en t i al e l em e n t s I n ord e r t o s e ttl e the qu es t ion as t o th e
.

prec i se S ignific an c e o f C alam u s J A S ymonds w ro t e t o Wh i t

“
,
”
. .

m an fran kl y posing th e q u es t ion

, T he an sw er ( w ri tt en from .

C amd en N J o n A u g u st 1 9 1 890) is the on ly st ate m en t o f

,
.
,
’
Wh i t m an s att i t ud e t o ward h omos exu al i ty and i t is th eref ore ,

d esirabl e th at i t sh oul d b e set on r ec ord

Ab ou t qu e s tio ns o n C a l a m u s etc th ey qu i te da ze m e
the
‘ ’
, .
,
.

L eaves o f G rass i s on ly t o b e rightl y c o ns t ru e d b y a n d w i t h i n i ts o w n

a tmo s p h e r e a nd e ss en t i a l ch a r ac te r— a ll i t s n d pi c o c omi ng
p g
a e s a e e s s

1
It i s as su ch tha t Wh i tm an sh ou ld be a pproa ch ed an d I w o u l d d e ,

s ire t o pro te s t ag a i ns t t he t e n d en c y no w m a r k e d i n m an y q u a rte rs

,
to ,

trea t h im merel y as an i nv e rt and to v il i fy h im or g lori fy hi m acc ord

,

i ng l y
. H owev er importan t i nve rs ion m ay be as a p sy ch o logi cal k ey t o
Wh i tman s p ersonal i ty i t p lays b u t a sm all p ar t i n Wh it ma n s w ork and
’
,
’
,

for many wh o care for th a t w ork a negl ig i ble p art .

 I N T RO D UC T I O N . 25

s t ri ctly u nder T hat t he Ca l am u s p a rt h a s ever all o we d the

.
‘ ’
po ss i bi l i ty
o f su ch c ons tru ct ion a s menti one d i s terri ble I a m fa in to . h ope th at
t he p age s th e m se lv es are no t t o be e v en m e n t io ne d f or s u ch gra t u i t ou s
a nd qu i te a t t h e t im e u n drea m e d an d u n w is h ed poss ib i l i ty of morb id
inference s—wh i ch are di sa v o we d by m e an d seem damn able .
”

I t s eem s f rom thi s that Wh i t m an had n ev e r r eal iz ed th at

th ere is any relat ions h ip what ever b etw ee n the p as sion at e em o
t ion o f p h ysi c al c on t act f rom m an t o m an as h e had exp eri en c ed ,

i t an d s u ng i t and the ac t wh i ch w i th o th er p eop l e h e w o ul d

,

regard as a c rim e agains t n at u re T h is m ay be singul ar f or .

,

th er e are m any in v er te d p erso ns wh o hav e f ound sat is fact ion i n

fri ends h ips l ess p hysi cal an d passion at e th an th os e d es c ri b ed in
L ea ves of G rass bu t Wh i t m an w as a m an o f c on c re t e e m o
, ,

ti on al i n s t i n ct i v e t emp eram en t l ack i n g in an al y t i c al po we r re

, , ,

c ep ti v e t o al l infl u en c es an d c are l ess o f h armonizing th em

,
1
H e .

1
1 h ou l d ad d th a t some fri en ds and admirers o f Wh itma n are no t
s
prep ared to a ccep t t he e v id ence of th i s l ette r I am ind eb ted to Q for .
“
.
”

t he fo ll o w i ng s ta te m en t o f t h e O bj ec t ions :
I th i nk my s e lf tha t i t i s a mi s ta ke t o gi v e m u ch w eig ht t o th i s
“

lette r—p erha ps a mi s take t o i n trodu ce i t a t a l l s in ce i f in trod u ced i t w i ll , ,

of c ou rse carry w e ight And thi s for th ree or fo u r rea s ons

,
. :

1 T h a t i t i s diffic u lt t o re c o nc i le t h e le tte r i ts e lf ( w i th i t s s trong

“
.

to ne of disapproba t ion ) w i th the genera l a tm os p here o f L ea ves of G rass ‘ ’

,

t h e te n or o f wh i ch i s to le a ve ev e ry th ing O p en a n d fr ee .

2 T h a t t he l et te r i s i n h ope l e s s c o n fli ct w i th t h e Ca l a m u s sec t io n
“ ‘ ’
.

of poe ms F or wh ate ve r moral l i nes Wh i tma n m ay h a ve draw n at t h e

.
,

tim e of w ri ti ng these poe m s i t see m s t o m e qu i te i nc redible th at t he

,

pos s i b il i ty of cer ta in infere n ces morb id or o the r w as u ndrea med o f

, , .

3 Th a t t he le tt e r w as w ri tt e n o nl y a f e w mon th s be fore h i s las t

“
.

illn ess an d dea th and i s t he only e xp re ss ion o f t he k i nd tha t he a ppears

,

t o h ave gi ven u tte ran ce to .

4 T h a t S ym o n d s s le tte r t o wh i ch th i s w a s a rep l y i s no t for th

“ ’
.
, ,

c oming ; and w e co nsequ ently do no t kn o w what ra sh express ions i t m ay

hav e c onta i ne d— l eading Wh i tm an ( w i th hi s ex tre m e cau tion ) to h edge
h i s na m e from pos s i bl e u se t o j u st i fy d u b io u s p ra cti ces
”
.

I m ay ad d tha t I endeav ore d t o o bta in S ym ond s s lette r b u t he w as ’

,

u nabl e t o prod u c e i t no r ha s a n y c opy of i t be e n fo u n d a mo ng h i s p a p e r s

,
.

It sh ou l d be sa id th a t Wh i tm an s a tti tu de t ow ard S ym on d s w as ’

m a rk ed by h igh regard a nd a dmirat ion A w onde rfu l m a n i s Addingto n .

“

S ymon ds he re m a rk e d S h or tl y be fore h i s o w n d ea th ; s om e w a y s t h e
” “
,

mos t indi ca ti ve and p ene tra ti ng and s ign i fican t m an of ou r t ime .

S ymo n ds i s a c u rio u s fell o w ; I lo v e h im de a rl y H e i s o f co llege b ree d .

an d e d u ca t io n h orri bly l i tera ry an d su s pi c io u s and enjoys th i ngs A

, , .

g r ea t f e ll o w f or d e lv i ng i n t o p e rs o n s an d i n to t h e c o n c r et e an d e v en i nt o ,

t h e p h y s io l ogi c a l a nd t he g a s t ri c a nd w o n de rf u ll y cu te B u t o n th i s
”
, .

o ccas ion he delv ed i n vai n .

26 S EXUAL I NVERS I O N .

w ou l d mos t c ert ai n l y h av e r efus ed t o admi t th at he was the

subj ect o f in v er t ed s exu al i ty I t rem ai n s t ru e h o w ev er th at
.
, ,
“ ”
man l y l o ve o cc upi es in hi s w or k a pr edomi n an c e wh i ch i t
“
w ou l d s c ar c ely h o l d in the feel ings o f the av erag e m an wh om ,
”

Wh i t m an w i sh e s t o h onor A n orm all y c ons t i t u t e d p e rson hav

.
,

ing ass u m ed the v ery fr an k att i t ud e t aken up b y Wh i t man w ou l d ,

b e imp ell e d t o d ev o te f ar more sp ac e an d f ar mor e ardor t o the

sub j ect o f s exual r el at ions h ip s w i th w om en an d all that is i n
v o lv e d in m at e rni t y th an i s acc ord e d t o th em in L ea ves of
G rass S om e o f Wh i t m an s ex t an t l e tt e rs t o young m en th oug h
’
.
,

the y do no t th ro w d efin i t e l ight on th is qu est ion are o f a v ery ,

aff e ct io n at e ch ar act e r an d alth o u g h a m an o f r em ar k abl e p h ys

1
, ,

i c al v igor h e n ev er felt in cl i n e d t o m arry

,
”
I t rem ains som e .

what d i ffic u l t t o cl assi fy h im from the s ex u al poin t o f v i ew b u t ,

w e c an s c ar c el y f ai l t o r ec ogniz e the pr es en c e o f a h omos ex u al

t en d e n c y or t end en c y t o psy ch osexu al h erm ap h rodit ism h o w
, ,

ev er l at en t an d un c ons c ious .

C o n c ern i ng an o th er great w ri t er wh os e n am e m ay be m en
—
ti on ed w i th ou t impropri et y Pau l V er l ain e the fi rs t o f mod ern ,

—
Fr en ch po e t s i t is possi bl e t o sp eak w i th l ess h esi t at ion A ,
.

m an wh o poss esse d in f u ll est m easur e the irr esponsi bl e impr es

si on ab i l i ty o f g e n i u s —
V erl ain e as h is w or k sh o w s an d as h e
,

—
h ims elf admi tt ed al l h is l i fe os c i ll at ed b e tw een n orm al an d
h omos exual l o v e at on e p eriod att r act ed t o w om en at an o th er
, ,

t o m e n H e was w i th ou t doubt a psy ch os exu al h erm ap h rodi t e

. .

A n earl y c onn ect ion w i th an o th er yo u n g po et A rth u r R imb au d , ,

t erminat ed in a v io l en t quarr el w i th h is fri en d an d l ed t o V er ,

l ain e s i m prisonm en t at M ons I n aft er y ears he gav e expr es sion

’
.
-

—
t o the ex alt ed p as sion o f th is r el at io n sh i p m on gran d pec hé
’

r a d i eu x — i n L ceti et E rrabu n di p u bl is h e d in the v o l um e e n

,

t i tl e d P arallélem en t; an d in l at er po ems h e has t o l d o f l e ss

p assionat e an d l ess s en su al r el at io n sh ips wh i ch w e re yet more

1
Wh i tm an s le tte rs t o P ete r D oy le an u n c u ltu red you ng w ork m an
’
, ,

dee pl y l ov e d by the po et h a v e be e n edited b y D r B u ck e and p u bl i s hed

, .
,

a t B os t on .

1
It a ppe a rs h o w ev e r th a t he a ckno wledged h a v i ng had se vera l
, ,

c h i l dren .
 I N T RO D UC T I O N . 27

than fri endsh ip f or ins tan c e in the po em , ,

“
Mon am i , m a p lu s
belle am i ti é, m a m ei lleu re,
”
in B onheu r . I m ay quo t e ,
as of
som e psy ch o l ogi c al i n t e r e s t ,
a f ew s t anz as from C es P a ssi ons ,

in P arallélem entz
C es pas si on s qu eu x seu l s nomme n t en c ore amo u rs
’

S o n t d es a m ou rs a u s s i t en dres et fu ri e u se s
, ,

Avec d es pa r ti cu la ri té s c u rie u ses

Q u e n on t pa s l e s a mou rs ce r tes d e t o u s l e s jo u rs
’
.

Mem e p l u s qu e lle s c t mieu x qu e l les h eroi qu es

’ ’ ‘

E ll es se p a r ent d e sp l e nde u r s d Am e e t d e sa ng
’

T e lles qu a u prix d e lle s le s a mou rs d a ns l e ra ng

’ ’

N e se nt qu e R i s e t J eu x o n beso i n s érot iqu es ,

Q ue v a i n s pro v e r b s qu e ri e n s
,
d e n f an ts t rop g at es
’
.

A h ! l e s p a u v re s a mou rs ba nale s anima les , ,

N orm al e s ! G ro s g e nt s l o u rd s o u fru ga l s fri n ga l e es

S a n s c omp te r l a s o tt i se e t d es féc o n di tés

I n th i s b ri ef gl an c e at som e o f th e eth nograph i c al h ist ori c al , ,

an d l i t e rary as p ect s o f h omosexu al p as sion th er e is on e o th e r

p h enom enon wh i ch must b e m en t ion ed T h is is the c u rious fact .

that wh i le th is p h en om en o n exis t s t o som e ex t e nt ev erywh er e

, ,

w e s eem t o fi nd a sp ec i al pro cl i v i t y t o h omos ex u al i t y ( wh eth e r

or no t i n v o lv i ng a gr eat er fr equ en c y o f c o n gen i tal in v ersion is
n o t usu all y cl e ar ) among c e r t ain r ac e s an d in c e r t ain r eg i ons
1
.

S i r R i ch a rd B u rt o n, wh o d e v ot e d s p ec i a l a tte nt io n t o th i s p o i n t,
1

rega rded t he p hen om en on a s ge ograp h i ca l an d cl ima t i c , not ra ci a l H i s

“
.

c onclu s ion s m ay thu s be sta te d i n hi s o w n w ord s .

1 T h e re e xi s t s wh a t I s h a ll c a ll a S o ta di c Z on e , b o u n d e d w e s t
“ ‘ ’
.

w ard by t he n orthe rn s h ore s o f t he Med i te rranean ( N l a t , and by . .

t h e s o u th ern ( N l a t , T h u s , th e de p th w o u l d be 780 to 800 mi l e s ,

. .

i ncl u di ng m eridiona l F r anc e , t he Ibe ri a n p en i ns u l a , It a l y an d G ree ce ,

w i th t he c oas t region s of A fr i ca from Moroc c o t o E gyp t
-
.

2 R u n n i n g e as tw a rd t h e S o ta di c Z o n e n a rro w s , e m b ra c i n g A s i a
“
.

Mi n or, Mes op o tami a , Ch a ld ea , A fgh an i s tan, S i nd , t he P u nj au b , an d

Ka s h mir .

“
3 Indo Ch ina t he be lt b egin s t o b roa den i nfoldi ng Ch i na Ja pan
. I n -

, , ,

and Tu r k es ta n .

4 It th en e m b ra c es t h e S o u th S ea I sl a n d s a n d t h e N e w W orl d
“ -
.
,

wh ere at th e tim e o f i t s dis c ov e ry S otadi c l ov e w a s w i th s om e ex c ept ion s

, , ,

a n e s t abl i s h ed ra c i a l in s t i t u t ion .

5 W i th i n t h e S o ta di c Z one th e v i ce i s pop u l ar and end e mi c h el d

“
.
,
28 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

In E urop e i t is pro babl y bes t i ll us t rat ed by the c as e o f sou th ern

I t al y wh i ch in th is r esp ect is t o ta ll y dis t in ct fro m nor th ern
,

I t al y alth ough I t al i an s g en er all y are fran k er th an m en o f north

,

ern r ac e in admi tt ing th eir s exu al pr act i c es H o w f ar the h om e .

s exual i t y of sou th ern I t al y m ay b e d u e t o Gre ek influen c e an d

Gr eek bl ood i t is no t at pres en t easy t o say .

I t mus t b e r em emb er ed th at in d eal ing w i th a nor th ern ,

c oun t ry , l ik e E ngl and h omos e xu al p h enom en a do no t pr e s en t

,

th ems elv es in the sam e way as th ey d o in sou th ern I t aly t o d ay -

,

or in an c i en t Greece I n Greec e th e h omos exual impul s e was

.

r ec ogniz ed and id eal iz e d ; a m an c ou l d b e an op en h omos exu al

l o v e r an d yet, l i k e E p aminondas b e a gr eat an d h onore d c i t iz en
, ,

o f h is c oun t ry T h ere was no re ason wh at ev er wh y a m an wh o

.

in m en t al and p h ysi c al c onst i t ut ion was p er fectl y norm al sh ou l d

no t adop t a c us t om th at was reg ard ed as r esp ect abl e, and s om e
t im es as ev en sp ec i all y h onorabl e Bu t i t is qui t e o th erwise t o .

d ay i n a c oun t ry l i ke E ngl and or th e U ni t ed S t at es 1

I n th es e .

c ou n t ri es all our t radi t ions and al l our moral id eal s as w ell as ,

th e l aw, are en erg e t i c all y O ppos e d t o ev ery m ani f es t at i on o f

h omosexu al p assio n I t re quir es a v ery s t ro n g imp et u s t o go
.

agai n s t th is c omp act so c i al f or c e wh i ch on e ve ry s id e c ons t r ains , ,

th e i n di v idual i n t o th e p ath s O f h et eros exu al l o v e Th at i m .

t u s in a w ell b r e d indi v idu al wh o l eads th e n orm al l i f e o f h is

p e -

at th e w orst to b e a m ere pe ccadi ll o wh i le t he ra c es t o th e nor th and

,

s ou th o f t he l imi t s h e r e de fine d pr ac ti c e i t o nl y s por ad i c a ll y a mid t h e ,

opprob ri u m o f th e ir fe ll ow s wh o a s a ru le are p h ys i ca ll y i ncapable of

, , ,

O p e ra tion a nd l oo k u po n i t w i th th e l i v el i es t di s gu s t
”
e rf orm i n t h e
g
He a dd s The o nl y ph y s i ca l cau se for the pra cti ce whi ch su ggests it self
.
,
“
:

to m e and th a t m u s t he owned t o b e pu re ly c onj ec tu re ] i s tha t w i th in

, ,

t h e S o tad i c Z one th er e i s a bl endi ng o f t h e m as c u l i ne and fe mi n i ne te m

p er a m e nt s a c ra s,i s wh i ch e l se wh e r e o n l y o cc u r s s por a di c a ll y ( Ar a bi a n
”

N i g h ts 1885 v o l x pp 205
, , .
, . The th e ory o f t h e S o ta di c Z o n e i s
i nte res t ing ; b u t a s a c ri ti c has pointe d ou t i t does no t a ccou n t for t he
, ,

cu s t om a mo ng the N orm a ns Celts S c y thi a ns Bu lga rs and Ta rtars a nd

, , , , , ,

more ov e r i n variou s o f th ese reg ions di ff eren t v iew s h a v e prevai led at

,

di ff eren t pe riod s Bu rto n w a s wh o lly u na cqu ai n te d w i th the re cent

.

psy ch o l ogi cal in ve s tiga tions i nt o s e xu a l inve rs ion .

1
It i s t ru e th a t i n the sol i tu de o f great mod ern c i ti es i t i s pos si ble
for s mall h om osex u al c oteri es t o form i n a certa in sense an env ironm en t
, ,

o f th e ir o w n fav ora b l e t o th e ir abn o rm a l i t y ; y e t th i s fa ct h ard l y modi fi es

,

th e gene ral s ta te m ent ma de i n th e tex t .

 I NT RO D UC T I O N . 29

fell o w m en an d who feel s the ordin ary de gr ee o f r esp ec t for th e

-

so c i al feel ing surroundi ng h im c an on l y b e supp l i ed b y a fu n d a

,

— —
m en t al us u ally i t is pro b abl e in b orn p erv ersion o f the sexu al
, ,

ins t in ct r endering the indi v idual organi c all y ab n orm al I t is

,
.

w i th th is fund am en t al ab n orm al i ty us u ally c alle d s exu al in v er

,

sion th at we sh all h ere b e c on c ern ed T h ere is no evid en c e t o

,
.

sh o w th at h omos ex u al i t y in Gr eec e w as a c o n geni t al p erv ers ion ,

alth oug h i t appe ars th at C oel i u s A u r el i anus affirm s th at in t h e

O pinion o f P arm enid e s i t w as h er e di t ary A ris t o tl e al so in h is

.
,

f ragm en t on p h ysi c al l o v e th oug h t r eat ing th e wh o l e m att er

,

w i th indul g en c e s ee ms t o h av e dis t i ngu ish e d ab norm al c on

,

ge ni t al h omos exu al i t y from ac qu i r ed h omos exual v i c e D o u bt

.

l ess in a c ert ain proporti on o f c ases th e impu l s e w as organ i c an d

‘

i t m ay w ell b e th at th ere was an organ i c an d rac i al predisposi t io n

t o h omos exu al i ty am ong th e Gree k s or at al l ev en t s th e
, , ,

D ori ans Bu t the s t at e o f s oc i al f eel i n g h o w ev er i t origin at ed

.
, ,

indu c ed a l arge prop ort ion o f the ordi n ary pop u l at ion t o adop t
h omos ex u al i t y as a fash ion So th at any gi v en numb e r o f h o m o
.

s exu al p erso n s among th e Greek s w oul d h av e pres en t ed a f ar

sm all er propor t ion o f c ons t i t u t i on all y ab no rm al indi v id u al s th an
a l i k e num be r in E ng l and .
—
I n a simi l ar m ann er th oug h I do
—
no t regard the an al ogy as c omp l et e in fan t i c id e or the exposi t i o n
o f ch i l dren w as pract i c e d in som e o f the earl y Greek S t at es b y
p aren t s wh o we re c omp l et el y h ealth y an d norm al ; in E n gl an d
a m arri e d w om an wh o d es t roys h er c h i l d is in n ear l y e v ery c ase

d emons t r abl y di seas ed or ab n orm al For th i s reason I am u n abl e

.

—
t o see th at h omos exu al i t y in an c i en t Gre ec e wh i l e o f great i n
—
terest as a so c i al an d psy ch o l ogi c al pro bl em th ro w s l ight on
s exu al in v ersio n as w e k no w i t in E ngl and or th e U n i t ed S tat es
“

C on c erning th e w id e pr ev ale n c e O f s exu al in v ersion an d o f

h omos exu al p h enom ena g en erall y th er e c an b e no m ann er o f
,

do u bt I n B erl in M o ll st at es th at h e has h imself se en b etw een

.

6 00 an d 7 00 h omo sexu al p ersons an d h eard o f som e 250 t o 3 5 0

o th ers I h av e m u ch ev id en c e as t o i t s fr equ en c y b o th i n E n g
.

l and an d th e U ni t ed S t ate s I n E ngl an d c o n c erni n g wh i ch I

.
,

c an n at u r all y sp eak w i th mo st ass u r an c e i t s m ani f es t at io n s are

,

w el l m ark ed f or th o se wh os e ey es h av e on c e b een op ene d I n .

30 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

th e opinion o f som e i t has b ec om e a mu ch more c o n spi c uous

e l e m e n t in our mids t during r e c e n t y e ars an d th is is s om e ,

t im es att ri b u t e d t o th e Os c ar Wi l de c as e N O doubt the c el eb.

,

ri t y o f Os c ar W i l d e an d th e uni v ers al pu bl i c i t y gi v en t o th e

fact s o f th e c as e b y the ne w sp ap ers m ay h av e b rought c on vi ct ion

o f th eir p erv ersion t o m any in v ert s who w ere b ef or e onl y vagu el y
c o n s c io u s o f th eir ab norm al i t y an d p aradoxi c al th o u gh i t m ay
, ,

s eem hav e i mp art ed gre at er c ourage t o o th ers ; b u t i t c an s c ar c el y

,

h av e suffi c ed t o in c reas e th e n u m b er o f in v ert s R ath er on e .

,

m ay s ay th e d e v el opm en t o f urb an l i fe r e nd e rs e asi e r th e

,

e x h i b i t ion an d sat is fact ion o f th is as o f al l o t h e r f o rms o f

p e rv ersi on R egarding th e propor t ion o f in v ert s among the gen

.

'

e ral pop u l at ion i t is v e ry di ffi c u lt t o sp eak posi t i ve l y

,
Th e i n .

v ert h ims elf is a misl eading g u id e b ec aus e he has fo rm ed round

hims elf a sp e c i al c o t e ri e o f h omos ex u al p e rso n s an d mor e o v e r , , ,

h e is som et im e s ap t t o o v er est i m at e th e n u m b er o f in v erts

th ro u g h th e m isi n t erpre t at i on o f sm all indi c at ions th at are no t
alw ay s c on cl usi v e T h e es t im at e of th e ordin ary norm al p er
.

s o n f e e l ing th e ordin ary di sgus t t o w a rd ab n orm al p h e nom en a

, ,

is al so misl eading b e c ause h is h omosexu al ac qu ain t an ce s are

,

c arefu l n ot t o in form h im c o n c ern ing th eir pro cl i vi t i es A .

wr i t er wh o has s t u di e d th e p h enom en a of h omosexu al i t y is apt

t o b e misguid ed in th e same w ay as the in v ert h im se lf an d t o ,

o v erest imat e the prev al en c e o f th e p erv ersion S t ri ving to pu t .

as id e th i s so u r c e o f f all ac y an d on l y c onsid e ring th e se indi v i d

,

u al s w i th wh om I h ave b een b ro u g ht in c on t act b y th e ordin ary

c irc ums t an c es o f l i fe and w i th wh os e mod e s o f feel i ng I am

,

ac q u ain t e d I am s t i ll l e d t o th e c on cl usion th at th e proport ion

,

is c onsiderabl e A mong th e pro fessi on al an d mos t c u lt ur ed el e

.

me n t o f the midd l e cl ass i n E ngl and th er e m u s t b e a dist in ct

,

p e r c en t ag e o f in v e r t s wh i ch m ay som e t im e s b e as mu ch as 5 p er
c e n t th ough su ch e s t im at e s mu st alw ays b e h az ardous A mong
, .

w om en o f the s am e cl ass the p er c en t age se ems t o b e at l eas t

do u bl e th o u gh h er e th e ph enom en a are l ess d efi nit e an d de ep
,

s eat ed Th is seem s to b e a mod er at e e s t im at e f or th is cl ass

.
,

wh i ch in cl u d es h o w ev er i t mu st b e r em emb ered a c o n sid erabl e

, , ,

propo rt ion o f indi v idual s wh o are so m ewh at ab normal in o th er

 I N T RO D U C T I O N . 31

resp ect s A s we d es c end the s c al e th e p h enom en a are doubtl ess

.

l ess c ommon th oug h wh en w e r each th e w or k ing cl ass we c om e

,

on th at c omp arat i v e indiff eren c e t o wh i ch all usion h as al r eady

b een m ad e .
 CH A PT ER II .

TH E S T UD Y OF SEXUAL I NVER S I O N .

—
West p hal H ii s s l i —
Cas pe r U l ri ch s T a rn o w s k y K ra fl t E b i n g
'
-

-
M oll S c h re n c k N o tzi ng
-
Ch v l i r
e a e F éré K i e rn a n —
L yd s to n R a f
f a l ov i c h .

W E S TP H AL an emin en t pro fe ssor o f psy ch i at ry at B erl in

, ,

m ay b e s aid t o b e th e fi rs t t o pu t th e s t u dy o f s exu al in v e rs i on
o n an assur ed s c i en t i fic b asis I n 1 87 0 h e publ ishe d i n th e
.
,

Arc hi v f ii r P sychi a tri c o f wh i ch he was for m any y ears edi t or

, ,

the d et ai l ed h i st ory o f a yo u n g w om an wh o f rom h er ear l i es t ,

y ears di ff ered f rom o th er gi rl s : sh e l i k ed t o dre ss as a b oy on l y

, ,

c ar ed for b oys g am es an d as sh e grew u p w as s ex u all y att ract ed

’
,

o n l y t o w om en wi th wh om sh e f orm ed a s e ri es o f t en de r r el a
,

ti on shi p s i n wh i ch the fri en ds o bt ain ed sex u al gr at i fic at ion b y

,

mu t u al c ar ess es ; wh i l e she bl ush ed an d w as s h y in th e pr ese n c e

o f w om en more esp ec i all y th e gi rl w i th wh om sh e ch an c ed t o
,

b e i n l o v e sh e w as alw ays ab so l u te l y indi ff er en t in th e pr esen c e

,

o f m en West ph al c omb in ed k een sc i en t i fic insight w i th a r are

.

d egr ee O f p erso nal symp ath y f or th os e wh o c am e und er h is c are ,

an d i t w as th is c om b in at ion o f q u al i t i es wh i ch en abl e d h im t o

gr asp the t ru e n at u r e o f a c as e su ch as th is wh i ch b y mos t m ed ,

i c al m en at th at t im e w oul d h ave b een h ast il y dismiss ed as a

v u l gar inst an c e o f v i c e or i n s an i t y Wes t ph al p er c ei v ed th at .

th is ab norm al i t y was c o n g eni t al no t ac q u ir ed so th at i t c o u l d

, ,

n ot b e t erm e d v i c e ; an d wh i l e h e i n sis t e d on the pr es en c e o f

,

n eu ro t i c e l em en t s h is O b s erv at ions sh o w ed the ab s en c e o f an y

,

th i ng th at c ou l d l egi t i m at el y be t erm ed insan i ty H e gav e t o .

th i s c ondi t ion th e n am e o f c o n t rary s exu al feel i ng ( kontrci re ”

'

S exu alem pfin d u n g) b y wh i ch i t is t o d ay usu all y kno w n i n G er

,
-

m any T h e w ay w as th u s m ad e cl ear f or the r apid progr ess o f

.

ou r k no wl e dg e o f th is ab norm al i t y N ew c as es we re p u bl is h ed
.

in qui ck s u cc ession at fi rs t ex cl u si v el y in G erm any an d mor e

, ,

( )
3 2
 TH E ST UD Y OF S EXUAL I NVER S I O N . 33

e sp ec i ally in Wes t p h al s Archi v b u t soon in o th er c o u nt ri es al so

’
, ,

ch i efly I t al y an d Fran c e 1
.

Wh i le Wes t p h al w as th e fi r st t o p l ac e th e st u dy o f s ex u al
in v ers io n on a progres si v e f oo t i n g many p erso n s had prev iou sl y ,

O bt ai n e d g l im s e s i n t o th e sub j ect T h us in 1 7 9 1 tw o c a es
p s .
, ,

w er e publ ish e d o f m en wh o S h o w ed a typi c al emo t ional att rae

”

t io n t o th eir ow n sex th ou g h i t w as n ot q u i t e cl ear ly m ad e ou t

,

th at th e in v ersion w as c o nge n it al I n 1 83 6 agai n a S w iss .

, ,

w ri t er c all ed H O ssl i publ ish ed a rath er diff us e an d tedious

, ,

w or k en t i tl ed E ros wh i ch c o n t ai n e d m u ch m at eri al o f a l i t erary

, ,

ch aract er b earing on th is m att er H e seem s t o h av e b een mo v ed .

t o w ri t e th is b oo k b y a t ri al wh i ch h ad ex c i t ed c o n side rabl e at
t en t ion at th at t im e A m an o f good po si t i on had sudd en l y
.

m u rd ered a yo u th an d w as ex ec u t e d for the c ri me wh i ch ac

, , ,

c ording t o H O ss li w as d u e t o h om o sex u al l o v e and j eal ousy

,
.

C asp er the ch i ef m edi c o l eg al au th ori t y o f h is t im e i n G e rm an y

,
-
,

— f or i t is in G erm an y th at th e f o u n d at io n s o f the s t u dy o f
sex u al i n v e r si o n h av e b ee n l aid — poi n t ed ou t in 1 85 2 in C asp er s
, ,
’

V i ertelj ahrss c hri f t th at p ed er ast y i n a b ro ad s en se o f th e w ord

, , ,

w as som e t im es d u e t o a c ong en it al psy ch i c c o n di t io n an d al so ,

that i t b y n o m ean s n ec e s sari ly in v o lv ed sodomy ( i m m i ss i o pen i s

i n a nu m ) C asp er b ro u ght f orw ard a c onsid e rabl e amoun t o f
.

v al u abl e ev id en c e c o n c ern i n g th es e c ardin al poi n t s wh i ch he w as ,

the fi rs t t o no t e b u t h e f ai l e d to r e al iz e th e f u ll sign i fic an c e o f
,

h is O b s er v at io n s an d th ey h ad n o imm edi at e influ en c e

,
.

T h e m an h o w ev e r wh o h as don e mor e th an an yon e el s e

, ,

t o b ri n g to l ight th e p h enom en a o f se xu al i n v ersion h ad no t b een

c on c ern ed ei th er w i th th e m edi c al or th e c rimi n al asp ect s o f th e
m att er K arl H ei n ri ch U l ri ch s ( b orn in 1 825 n ear A uri ch ) wh o
.
,

f or m any y ears expo u n d e d an d d efen d ed h omo sex u al l o v e an d ,

wh os e v i ews are s aid t o h av e had som e i n flu en c e in dr aw i n g

1
I n la nd a b erra tion o f the sexu al i n st i n ct or t he te n den cy o f
E ng ,

m en to fe mi n i n e oc cu pa tion s an d o f w om e n to m as cu l i n e oc cu p a t i o n s h a d ,

be en re ferred t o i n t he Mc ai ca i Ti m es a n d G az ette F eb ru a ry 9 186 7 D r , ,

.

S a va ge fi r s t d e s c ri b ed a c a s e o f S e xu a l P e r v e r s io n i n t h e J ou rna l o f
“ ”

Menta l S c i enc e v ol xx x O ct ob e r 1884

, .
, ,
.

1
M ori tz Ma gaz i ne fiir Erf ahru ngsseelenku nd e Berl in B 8
, , ,
. .

3
34 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

Wes tp h al s att en t ion t o th e m att er w as a H an o v eri an l egal O ffi

’
,

c i al ( Am tsas ses s or ) h im s elf s ex u all y in v er t ed From 1 86 4 ou

,
.

“
w ard at fi rst u n d er the n am e of Nu m a N u m an t iu s an d su b se
,
”

qu en tly u n d er h is o w n n am e U l ri ch s p u bl ish ed i n v arious p ar t s

,

o f G erman y a l ong s eri es o f w ork s d eal ing w i th th i s qu est io n ,

an d m ad e v arious att e mp t s t o o bt ain a r ev ision o f th e l eg al po s i

t i on o f the sex u al in v er t i n G erm any 1

.

Alth o u gh n o t a w ri t er wh os e psy ch o l ogi c al v i ew s c an c arry

m u ch s c i ent i fic w eight U l ri ch s app ears t o h ave b een a m an o f
,

most b ri ll i an t ab i l i t y an d h is k no wl edge is said t o h av e b een o f

,

al mos t u n i v ers al ex t e n t ; h e was n o t o n l y w ell v e r se d in h is o w n

sp ec i al subj ect s o f j urispr u d en c e an d th e o l ogy b u t in m an y ,

b ran ch es o f n at u ral s c ie n c e as w ell as i n arch eo l o gy ; he w as

,

al so r e g a rd e d b y m an y as th e b e s t L at i n i s t o f h is t i m e I n 1 880 .

he l e ft G e rm an y an d s e ttl e d i n N ap l e s an d aft e r w ard at A q u i l a,

in th e A b ru zzi wh en c e h e i s su e d a L at i n p e riodi c al H e di ed
,
.

in For m any y ears U l ri ch s w as al o n e i n h is eff o rt s t o

g ain s c i en t i fic r e c ogn i t io n f or c o n gen i t al h omo s ex u al i t y H e .

d evis e d ( w i th all u sion t o U r an os i n Pl at o s S ym p os i u m ) th e w ord ’

urn ing ev er S in c e fr equ en tl y us ed f or the h omos ex u al l o v er

, ,

wh i l e h e c all ed th e norm al h ete rosexual l o v er a d i on i n g ( from

D io ne ) H e r egard ed uran i sm or h omos exu al l o v e as a c on
.
, ,

gen i t al ab n orm al i t y b y wh i ch a fem al e so u l had b ec om e u n i t ed

—
w i th a m al e b ody an i m a m u li ebr i s i n c orp ore vi ri li i nc lu s a
an d h is th e ore t i c al sp e c u l at io n s h av e f orm e d th e s t art ing poi n t -

f or m any simi l ar sp ec u l at io n s H is w ri t i n gs are r em ark abl e in

.

various r esp e ct s alth o u gh on acc ou n t o f th e po l emi c al w arm th

, ,

wi th wh i ch as on e p l eadi n g p ro d em o he argu ed h is c au se th ey
, , ,

”
h av e no t had a m ark ed i n fl u en c e on s c i ent i fic th o u ght .

Th is pri v i l ege w as r es er v ed f or W est p h al A ft e r he h ad .

sh o w n th e w ay an d th ro w n op en h is j o u r n al for th e ir p u bl i c a

1
F or ap a ra p h ra s e o f U l ri c h s s opin io ns see Ap pen dix B
’
.

o r s om e a cc o u n t o f U l ri ch s s e e J a hr bu c h f ur s ex u elle Z wi sc hen
F
'
1

s tu fen B 2 1899 p 36
, .
, ,
. .

1
U l ri ch s s c a r c e l y w e n t s o f ar a s t o a s s e r t th a t b o th h o m o s e xu al a n d
h et erosexu a l l ove are equ a lly n orm a l a nd h ealth y ; th i s h as h ow ev er , ,

been a rg u ed more re c en tly S ee Appendix C . .

 TH E ST UDY OF S EXUAL I NVER S I O N . 35

t ion n ew c ases app eared in rapid su cce ssio n I n I t al y al so

, .
, ,

R i tt i T am assi a L om b roso an d o th er s b eg an t o s t udy th e s e

, , ,

p h enom e n a an d i t s e ems t o h av e b een in I t al y th at the

,

“
c o n v eni en t t erm s ex u al inv ersion was fi rs t u s ed 1
Wh en ”
.

th e m att e r w as t ak en up in Fr an c e th e s am e t e rm w as u s e d ;
in 1 882 Ch ar c o t an d M agn an publ is h e d in the Archi ves d e N eu
ro logi e th e fi rs t impo rt an t s t u dy wh i ch app e ar e d in Fr an c e

c on c erning s exual i n v ersion an d all ie d se x u al p er v ersion s T h ey .

r egard ed s ex u al in v er sion as an episod e (s yn d rome) in a mor e

fu nd am ent al pro c ess o f h er edi t ary d egen erat io n an d c omp ar ed ,

i t w i th su ch morb id o b s essions as di ps omani a an d kle p t oman ia .

Mag n an has si n c e f requ en tl y O b s erv ed an d s t udi ed the p h enom

e n a O f s ex u al in v er sion b o th i n h i s cl ini c at S ai n t e A nn e an d in
,
-

v arious p eriodi c al s an d som e o f h is p u pi l s mor e es p ec i al l y

, ,

Séri eux h av e b ro u ght v al u abl e c on t ri b u t ions t o th e su b j ect

”
,
.

From a som ewh at more m ed i c O l egal s tand poin t th e s t u dy o f - -

,

s ex u al in v er sio n in Fran c e has b een fu rth er ed by B rou ard el an d ,

st i ll mor e b y L ac assag n e w h o w ro t e th e import an t ar ti cl e on ,

“
Péd éras t i e in the D i c ti on n a i re E nc yc lop edi qu e d es S ci ences
”

Méd i ca les an d wh o se s t i m u l at i ng i n fl u en ce at Lyo n s has pro

,

d u c ed s u ch f rui tfu l r esu lt s i n th e w or k o f many p u pi l s From .

th is poin t o f v i ew al so L egl u d i c has m ad e a v al u abl e c o n tri b u

, ,

t ion t o th e s u bj ect i n h is b oo k N otes et O bs erva ti ons d e Médeci n e

L éga le : Atten ta ts au x Mwa rs ( P ari s ,

1
I n E ngl a nd , I a m a w a re the te rm i nver s io n w a s n o t
so f ar as ,

u se d t o i ndi c a te th i s cl as s o f c a se s o f se x u a l pe r v e r s io n u nt i l t h e a pp ea r
a n c e o f t he fi rs t E ngl i s h e di t ion o f th e prese n t w or k P r ev iou s l y
t h e te rm s ex u a l pe rve r s i o n h a d b ee n u se d t o c ov e r al l cl a sse s o f s u ch
“ ”

ca se s ( see e g t h e art i cle on th i s su bj ect b y D r Conn oll y N o rm an i n

, . .
, .
,

T u k e s D i c ti on ar y of P sy c ho l og i ca l Med i c i ne ) I res erve t he na m e

’
.

“
i nve rsion for th ose c as e s i n wh i ch t he sexu al attrac t ion to the sa me
”

s e x S e e m s t o be dee p roo t e d a nd orga n i c wh i l e a pp l yi ng t he te rm h omo

-
“
,

se x u al i ty t o th e ph e n om ena gene ra ll y Mo ll ( Kontrii r e S e r u a l em p

”
.

1899 p 33 ) w i sh es to res t ri ct th e te rm i nv e rs ion to th o “

flnd u ng
”
, , . se

cases i n wh i ch th e re i s a c ompl ete tu rn i ng arou nd of the sexu a l i n ti n ct s ,

t he m an feel i ng i n e ve ry re s pec t as a w om a n t h e w om an i n e ve ry re s pe ct .

t he c a s es te rm ed b y K ra fl t E b i ng
“
a s a m an c fl em i n a t i o n
' '

an d -
”

“
v irag ini ty Th e re i s s ome th ing to b e sa id for th is b u t i t i s alw ays ,

d i ffi cu l t t o rest ri ct t h e u se o f an e xi s ti n g te rm an d m y o w n u s e o f th e ,

term s I n ve rs ion and h o mosex u al i ty wh i le fairl y i n h arm on y w i th

” “ ”
,

ex i s t i ng u sa ge see m s su ffi c i e n tl y cle a r a n d S impl e f or p rac t i c al p u r p o ses

,
.

P a u l S é rieu x L es Ano ma lies de l I ns ti nc t S eau el P a ri s 1888

1 ’
, , , .
36 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

D uri n g th e l as t fift een y ears th e i n c reas ed att ent ion d ev o t ed

t o th es e p h enom en a an d th e rapid gro wth o f fr esh ob s er v at io n s
, ,

h av e le d t o vario u s w ork s d ev ot e d ch i efly or en t ir el y t o s ex u al

i n v ers io n Th u s i n 1 885 Pro fe s sor T arn ow sk y o f S t P et ers
.
, ,
.

b u rg p u bl ish e d h is w ork o n th e m orb id m an i fest at i ons o f th e

,

s ex u al i n s t i n ct sin c e t r an sl at e d i n t o G er m an an d E ngl ish T h e

,
.

b oo k is o f so m e i n t er est from i t s fact s b u t i t c an s c ar c el y b e said ,

th at i t greatl y f urth er ed th e s c i en t i fic s t u dy o f s ex u al in v ersion .

’
T arn o w sk y s exp eri en c e s eem s t o h av e b een o f a som ewh at sp e
c i al ch ar act e r H e i n sist s ch i efly o n th e eff e mi n at e an d p assi v e
.

side o f i n v ersio n in m al es H e fai l s to arrange th e p h enom en a

.

h e has w i t n e ss e d w i th m u ch sy st em or i n si ght an d h e do es n ot ,

su ffic i en tl y dis t i n g u i sh b etw ee n m al e pro st i t u t i o n an d s exu al i n

v ersio n as a p sy ch o l o gi c al ab n orm al i ty H e d es c rib es th r ee k i n ds .

o f c o n g en i t al s ex u al i n v ersio n al l th e o u tc om e o f a h ere di ,

t ari ly e n f eebl e d n e r v o u s sys t em : th e fi rs t ch roni c an d p er

sis t en t th e s ec ond p e riodi c al th e th ird epi l ep t i c
, ,
.

O f m u ch mor e i mport an c e in th e h is t o ry o f the th eory o f

s exual i n v er sion is th e w ork o f D r R v on Kraff t Eb i ng T h is . .
-
.

w ri t e r wh o s t an ds at th e h ead o f A u st ri an psy ch i at ri c an d m ed
,

i c o l egal au th ori t i es is n ow pr ofessor o f p sy ch i at ry an d n erv ous

-

dis eas es at V i en n a Si n c e 1 87 7 h e has t ake n an act i v e int er es t

.

i n all th e v arious f orms o f s exu al p er v ersio n an d h is gr eat w ork , ,

P s ychopa thi c S ex ua li s in i ts el ev en th edi t ion ,

c on t ai n s
o v er tw o h u n dre d h i s t ori es ; th ey are n ot al l origin al c as es h o w ,

e v e r an d th ey c o v e r n o t o n l y s ex u al in v ersion b u t al l f orms o f
, ,

s e xu al p erv e rsio n P s ychop athi a S exu a lis is th e b e s t k n o wn

.
-

w ork on th is sub j e ct an d th e ch i e f s t or eh o u se o f fact s 1

Kr aff t .

E b i n g s m eth ods are O p en t o som e O b j ect io n H is mi n d is n o t

’
.

o f a s ev e r el y c ri t i c al ord e r H e has po u r e d ou t n ew an d ev er
.

en l arg e d edi t io n s o f h is gr e at w or k w i th ex t r aord i n ary r apidi t y ,

el e ven h av i n g app ear ed i n th e c o u r s e o f ni n e y ears wh i l e d u ring , ,

th e s ame p eriod h e iss u ed at l eas t tw o edi t ions o f a v o l um e o f

,

1
l h tran sl at ion b y D r C G Ch a ddock w as p u bl ish e d by
An E ng i s ,
. . .
,

the . v Compa n y o f P h i la de lp h i a s om e yea rs ag o an d an E ng

F A D a is .
, , ,

l i sh tran slation of the tenth ed i tion h as more rec ently b een p u bli shed .
 TH E S TU DY OF S EX U AL I N V ER S I O N . 37

Nwe F ors chu ngen au f d em G ebi ete d er P s yc ho

p a thi c S ex u a li s ,

c on t aining m at eri al wh i ch h as ev en t u ally b een n ear l y al l

ab sor b e d in th e l arge r w or k T he v arious edi t ions o f th i s l att e r
.

h av e b een r emod el ed f rom t im e t o t im e an d in t er est ing m at eri al ,

has som et im es b e en th ro w n ou t Kr aff t Eb ing has c o nst an tl y

.
-

in t rodu c ed new sub di v isions i nt o h is cl assi fic at io n o f s exual p er

v ersio n s an d alth o u g h th is rath er fine sp u n cl assi fic at ion has
, ,
-

doubtl ess c on t ri b u t ed t o gi v e prec i sion t o th e sub j ect an d t o

ad v an c e i t s s c i en t i fic s t u dy i t c ert ai n ly c an no t b e mai n tain ed
,

in the fu t ur e Kraff t E bi ng s gr eat se rv i c e l i es in th e clini c al

.
-
’

en th usi asm w i th wh i ch h e h as appro ach e d th e st udy o f sex u al

p erv ersions W i th th e fi rm c on v i ct ion that he is c onqu ering a

.

g r eat n eg l e ct e d fi e l d O f mor b id psy ch o l ogy wh i ch rig htl y b e ,

l ongs t o th e p h ysi c i an he has acc u m ul at ed w i th ou t any fal s e

,

sh am e a vas t m ass o f d et ai l e d h i st ori es an d h is rep u t at ion has ,

indu c e d s exuall y ab n orm al i n di v id u al s in al l dir e ct io n s t o s e nd

hi m the ir au t o b iograp h i es in th e d esir e t o b en efi t th eir fell o w
,

suff er ers .

I t is as the gr eat cl i n i c i an o f s ex u al i n v ersion rath er th an ,

as i ts psy ch o l ogis t th at w e must r egard Kraff t Eb ing

,
A t the -
.

sam e t im e i t is d esirabl e t o gl an c e at h is gen eral att i t ud e t o ward

the p h enom en a H e regards in v ersion as a fu n ct io n al S ign o f
.

d eg en erat ion as a p art i al m an i fes t at ion o f a n europ ath i c an d

,

psy ch op ath i c s tat e whi ch i s in mos t c as es he r edi t ary R eferring .

t o the fact th at th e s exual organ s o f in ve rt s are ge n erall y norm al ,

“
he c on t i n u es : H ere th e c aus e c an on l y b e r eg ard ed as an an om
al y o f c en t ral c ondi t ions : an ab norm al p sy ch os exu al pr edisposi

t ion The an at omi c al an d f u n ct ion al f ou n d at ions o f th i s pre

.

disposi t ion are at pr es en t alt og eth er o b s c u r e S in c e in n earl y .

ev ery c as e th e su b j e ct o f th e p e r v ers e se xu al ins t in ct ex h i b i t s a

n eu rop ath i c t ain t i n m an y r esp ect s an d th is is c onn ect ed w i th

,

h er edi tary d eg ene r at i v e c o n di t ions ev ery anom al y o f the p sy ch e

,

sex u al emo t i o n m u s t b e d esc ri b e d cl ini c all y as a f u n ct io n al S ign

o f d eg en erat ion Th is p erv ers e sex u al i ty app ears spo n t an eo u sl y

.

w i th the d ev el opi n g s ex u al l i fe w i th o u t ex t ern al c auses as th e

, ,

indi v id u al m an i fest at ion O f an ab n orm al modi fic at ion o f th e vi ta

s ex u a li s an d m u s t th en b e r eg ard e d as a c ong en i t al p h en om enon
, ;
38 S EX UA L I N V E R S I O N .

or i t d ev el ops as a resu lt o f spe c i al injurious influ en c es w ork ing

on a s ex u al i ty wh i ch had at fi rs t be en normal an d mus t th en b e ,

r egard ed as an ac quired p h en om en on On wh at th is mys t erio u s .

p h enom enon the ac quir ed h omos exu al in s t in ct m ay r es t at

, , ,

pr es en t en t irely esc ap es exp l o rat ion an d b el ongs t o the region ,

o f h ypo th e sis I t is pro b abl e from the c ar ef u l i n v est igat ion o f

.
,

so c all e d ac quir e d c as es th at th e pr e disposi t ion he r e c onsis t s in

-

a l at e n t h omos ex u al i t y or at l eas t b is ex u al i t y wh i ch r e quir es

, , , ,

f or i t s m an i fes t at ion th e op erat ion o f acc id en t al c au s es t o awaken

i t f rO m i t s sl u mb er .
” 1

Kraff t Eb ing di v ide s ac qu ir ed h omos ex u al i t y int o fo u r

-

s t ag es : 1 S imp l e p erv ersion o f th e s exual ins t in ct 2 E vi ra ti o

. . .
'

an d d ef em i n a ti o in wh i ch th e wh o l e rson al i t y o f th in d i v id u al
, p e e

u nd ergo e s a ch ang e o f di spo si t io n i n h armony w i th th e ch ang ed

s exual inst in ct 3 Transi t ion t o m etam orphosi s s exua li s para

. .

n oi ca in wh i ch th e ch ang e is so c omp l et e as at t im e s ev en t o
,

d el ud e the s u b j ect int o b el i ev ing th at th er e has b ee n an actu al

p hysi c al ch ange o f sex 4 Metam orphosi s sex ua li s p aran oi ca . .
,

in v o lv ing sys t em at i c d el u sio n s as t o a ch ang e o f sex Kraff t .

Eb ing al so re c ogniz es four s t ag es o f the c ong en i tal f orm : 1 .

Psy ch os exual h erm aph rodit ism in wh i ch wh i l e th e h omosex u al , ,

i ns t in ct pr edom i n at es th er e are t rac es o f th e normal h et erosex

,

u al ins t in ct 2 H omos exu al i t y i n wh i ch the ins t in ct go es ou t

. .
,

o n l y t o w ard th e same sex 3 E ffem i n a ti o and v iragini t y in . .

,

wh i ch the wh o l e psy ch i c disposi t ion c orr esponds t o th e ab n o rm al

i n s t i n ct 4 And rogyn i a an d gyn and r i a in wh i ch the g en eral
. .
,

b odi l y form c orre spo n ds i n som e d egr ee t o the ab norm al sexual

i n s t i n ct an d p sy ch i c disposi t io n .

I n 1 89 1 D r A lb ert M o ll o f B er l in p u bl i sh e d h is w or k
.
, ,

e n t i tl ed D i e K on tr ar e S ez u a lem pfi n d u ng S u b s equ en tl y i t h as
'

b een v ery m u ch en l arged an d th e th ird ed it io n a v o lu m e

,

o f 6 5 0 p ag es m ay b e r egard ed as th e mos t c omp l et e as w ell as

,

th e mos t j u di c ious dis c u ssion o f s ex u al inv ersion wh i ch has ye t

ap pear e d Th is i s n ot d u e m er el y t o th e fact th at M o l l h as p u b
.

1
P syc hopa thi a S eau a l i s ,
'
e ighth e di ti on ,
1893 , p . 1 88
.
( g
E n lish
t rans l a tion of tenth e di tion p , .
 TH E ST UD Y OF S E X UAL I N V ER S I O N . 39

l i sh ed o t abl e n u m b er o f n ew c as es I t is t r u e th at som e o f
a n .

th e mos t i n t e r es t i n g an d c ar e fu ll y d e t ai l e d c as e s i n th e l at e r
e di t io n s o f Kr aff t E b i n g s P s ychop a thi c S exu a li s w e r e s upp l i e d
’
-

by D r M o ll who has n ot onl y b een abl e t o fall b ack on h is o w n

.
,

m edi c al pr act i c e as a sp ec i al is t in n erv ous dis eas es bu t has re ,

c ei v ed gre at assi st an c e f rom th e B er l i n po l i c e wh o h av e f u r ,

n i sh ed h im w i th mu ch m at e ri al O f gr eat in t er e s t ; h e h as al so

h ad the v al u abl e ad v i c e th ro u g h o u t o f a dis t i n g u ish e d G erm an

s ch o lar wh o is h ims e lf s ex u ally i n v ert ed I n th is w or k h o w ev er .
, ,

M o ll re fr ains from m er el y pr es en t ing cl i n i c al m at eri al H e at .

t ack s the pro bl em wh i ch n ow th at so m u ch m at eri al has b een

,

acc u m u l at e d b e c om es o f prim ary import an c e :

,
th e nat ur e an d
c au s es O f se x u al in v ersio n H e dis c u ss es th e p h en om en a as a
.

psy ch o l ogis t ev en mor e th an as a do ct or For th is tas k h is pre .

v i o u s abl e w or k on h ypno t i sm sh o w s th at h e w as w ell q u al i fi e d .

M0 11 is acc u st om e d al ways t o b ear in min d the b ro ad er s c i ent i fic

b eari ngs o f th e probl ems h e att ack s H e is al s o a ke en c ri t i c wh o .

rar el y fai l s in ac u t ely p l ac i n g h is fi n ger on th e w eak poin t s in

acc e p t e d opi n io n s an d h e is judi c i all y c au t ious i n th e s t at em en t
,

o f h i s c o n cl u sio n s For th e firs t t im e M o ll en t ire l y cl ears away

.
,

th e an c i en t pr ej u di c e s an d s u p e rs t i t io n s s u rro u n di n g s e xu al i n
v ersion wh i ch ev en Kraff t Eb i ng had som et im e s i n c au t ious l y
,
-

r ep eat e d H e acc e p t s th e g en er all y r ec e i v e d do ct ri n e th at th e

.

s ex u all y i n v ert ed u su all y b el ong t o fami l i es in wh i ch v ario u s

n e rv o u s an d m en t al disord ers pr ev ai l fi rs t di t io p b
( e n ut ,
.

h e poin t s o u t at th e s am e t im e ( p 1 6 2 ) th at i t is no t in al l c ase s .

possibl e t o pro v e th at w e are c o n c ern ed w i th i n di v id u al s posses s

ing a h er edi t ary n euro t i c t ai n t H e S h o w s ex c e ll en t j udgm en t
.
,

al so in re j e ct i n g an y mi n u t e cl assi fic at ion o f s ex u al in v er t s
,
H e .

o n ly r ec ogn iz es psy ch o sex u al h erm ap h rodi t i sm an d h omos ex u al

i ty A t th e s am e t im e h e c ast s doubt on th e exi st en c e o f ac quir e d
.

h om o s exu al i t y i n a s t ri ct s en s e e x c ep t in o cc asio n al c as e s an d
, , ,

h e poi n t s o u t qu i t e rightl y th at e v e n wh e n a n orm al h e t ero

, ,

s exu al imp u l s e app ear s at p u b e r t y an d a h o m o s exu al i m p u l s e ,

l at e r i t m ay s t i ll b e th e f orm e r th at w as ac q u ir e d an d th e l a tt e r
,
“
th at w as in b orn D e al ing w i th th e s u ppos e d i n fl u e n c e o f v i c e
.
”

in the c aus at ion o f s exu al in v e rsion h e ridi c u l e s ( p erh aps t oo ,

40 SE XUA L I NVE R S I O N .

h as t i ly ) th e th e ory th at ex c essi v e i n d ul g e n c e i n w om en c an pro

d u c e an i n cl in at io n t o w ard m en w h il e h e reg ards th e t end en c y ,

o f o l d m en t o gr ati fy th e ir l u s t w i th b oys as d u e t o i n c ipi en t

b r ain dis eas e N o o n e wh o w ish e s t o u n d ers t and the n at u r e o f
.

s ex u al i n v e rsion c an aff or d t o ign or e M o ll s dis c ussion o f th e ’

pro bl em i n c o n cl u si v e as in m any r e sp ect s h e is c omp ell e d t o

,

l eav e i t 1
.

S ev eral b oo k s h av e si n c e appe ar ed b earing on s ex u al in v er

sion alth o u g h th ey are s c ar c e l y o f e q u al impor t an c e t o Kr afft
,

E b i n g s b oo k or Mol l S I n 1 892 B aron v on S c h ren c k N o t zing

’ ’
-
,
.

o f Mii n i c h a p h ysi c i an wh o has o cc upi ed h imse lf m u ch w i th

,

h ypno t ism p u bl is h e d a w or k e n t i tl e d S u gges ti ons therc p i e in

, ,

wh i ch he argue d th at s exual p erv ersio n s g en erally are l argel y

c au s ed b y su ggest ion an d m ay b e c ur ed b y sugg est ion H e h as .

prod u c ed a n u mb er o f c as es i n poin t an d h is w ork sh o u l d no t be ,

n egl ect ed b u t i t is t oo mu ch domin at ed b y a s i n gl e id ea t o b e o f

,

great s c i en t i fic v al ue .

I n 1 893 D r J Ch ev al i er a pupi l o f L ac ass agn e an d th e

. .
, ,

au th or o f an e arl i e r s t udy o f s l ig ht er ch ar act er pu bl i sh e d a c om ,

preh ensi v e w or k on al l th e v arious asp ec ts o f th e m att e r en

t i tl e d L I n versi on S exu elle I t i s w ri tt e n w i th m u ch fac i l i t y
’
.

an d c o n sid er abl e exu b e ran c e T h e au th or i s v ery w ell r ead in .

all th e v ario u s asp e ct s o f h is s u b j e ct an d h e pr es en t s th e r e s u lt s ,

O f h is r eading i n a c opious an d us u all y acc ur ate m ann e r Wh i l e .

,

h o w ev er th e b oo k m ay b e r ead w i th som e pro fit th o u gh c on t ain

, ,

i n g l i ttl e th at i s origin al i t c an n o t b e r ec omm end ed as a h an d

,

b oo k t o th e st u dy o f s ex u al i n v ersio n T he w ri t er is l ac k ing in .

c ri t i c al p erc ep t ion an d re p eat s w i th ou t h esi t at io n m an y o f th e

,

o l d t radi t io n s wh i ch si n c e M o ll s in v es t igat io n o f th e s u bj ect

,
’
,

c an n o l o n g er b e acc ep t e d w i th o u t proo f
”
.

1
h ere i s n o E ngl i s h tran sl a ti o n o f Moll s Kon trar e S ea u a lemp
T
’ ‘

fl n d u n g th o
, u gh a F r e n ch t ra n s l a t io n o f a n ea rl y e di t io n h a s a pp e a r e d .

It i s u n d ers t ood h ow ev e r th a t an E ngl is h tran sla tion of Moll s Unter ’

—
, ,

suc hu ng en ii ber d i e L i bi d o S ea ma li s a ge n e ra l di s c u ss i o n o f b o t h n orm a l

a n d ab norm a l se x u a l p h en o m e na — i s i n prog re s s .

1
I m a y al s o re fe r to P erver si on et P erver si te S eau el l es by '

D r L au p t s o f L yons
.
,
T h i s v olu me c on ta in s a l ong and re ma rk able
.

au t o b iog ra p h y w ri tt en b y a n i n v e rt wh o s e n t i t t o Z o l a h O p i n g th a t t h e
, , ,

n o v e l i s t w o u l d f ou n d a n o v e l o n h i s st ory .
 TH E S T UD Y OF S E X UAL I N V ER S I O N . 41

Th e
most j u di c ious dis c u ssion o f sex u al inv ersion wh i ch h as
o f l at e app ear ed i n Fran c e is c on t ain ed i n F ere s s t u dy o f the ’

s exu al ins t i n ct a w ork b ringing f orw ard v al u abl e original

1
,

do c u m en t s t o i ll us t rat e m any sex u al anom al i es F ere acc ep t s th e .

c on cl usion th at th er e is a c ongeni t al el em en t i n inv ersion an d ,

th at ev en wh en th e in v ert ed imp u l se app ears t o b e ac quired as

,

th e r e su lt O f som e exp e ri en c e d u ring l i f e th is e xp e ri e n c e mus t ,

b e r eg ard e d m er el y as an agen t p rovoc a teu r act i n g as an org ani c

pr e disposi t ion .

I n A m eri c a H ammond Ki e rn an and L yd ston ev en be for e

, , , ,

th e publ i c at ion O f Kr aff t E b i n g s b oo k d ev o t e d s t udy t o th is

’
-
,

sub j ect I m ay re fer esp ec i all y t o a l ect u r e b y D r G Fr an k

. . .

“
L yd sto n o f Ch i c ago o n S exu al P er v ersion
, ,
wh i ch c on tai n s ,

the f o ll o w ing cl assi fic at ion o f s exu al in v e r t s i n m any r esp ect s ,

sup erior t o Kraff t E bi ng s -

’

S e x u a l pe rv er s ion w i th ou t de fe ct of
s tru ct u re o f se x u a l organ s .

I Congenit al an d p erh ap s
.

Se x u a l p e r ve rs ion w i th d e fe ct o f g en
h eredit ary se xu a l per i ta l str u ctu re e g h erm a p h rodi tism : . . .
,
ver sion .

S e x u a l pe rv e rs ion w i th obv io u s d e fe ct
o f cereb ral d ev eI O pm en t e g idi oc y : . .
,
.

S exu a lpe rve rs ion f rom pregna ncy t he ,

men opa u se ova ri a n di sease hy s te ri a

, , ,

et c .

S ex u a l p ervers ion from a cqu ired ce reb ra l

di sea se w i th or w i th ou t recogn ize d
,

II A cqu ired x u al in sani ty .

. se p e r

vers ion .
S ex u al pe rve rsion ( 7) from v i ce .

S exu al pe rv ers ion from ove rs t im u la tio n

o f t h e n e rv e s o f s e x u a l s e n s i b i l i t y a n d
t h e r e c ep t i ve se x u al c e nt re s i n c i ,

d ental t o sexu al e x c esse s a nd m as tu r

b a t i on .

D r J G Ki e r nan o f Ch i c ago
. . .
, ,
h ad prev io u sl y s u ggest ed a

1
Ch . F ere, L I ns ti nc t S ec n ei : E vo lu tion
’ -
et D i ss ol u t i on, P a ri s , 1 899 .
 SEX UAL I NVER S I O N .

s om ewhat simp l er cl as si fic at io n : ( 1 ) th os e c as es wh i ch origi n at e

in imp erat i v e c o n c ep t io n s ; ( 2 ) th os e d u e t o c o n gen it al defect ;
( )3 th os e wh i ch a re i n c id en t t o in s an i t y p e riods o f i n v o l,
u t ion ,

an d t o n eu ro t i c s t at e s ; ( 4 ) t h os e w h i ch r esu lt f rom v i c e
1
.

I n E n gl an d M r A n dré R aff al ov i c h has w ri tt en in Fr en ch

.

an d p u bl is h e d at Lyons in L ac assagn e s B i bli othegu e d e ’

,

C ri m i n ologi e Urc n i sm e et Un i s ecc u a li té

’
, T h is b oo k
d eal s ch i efly w i th c ong eni t al i n ve rsion M r R aff al ovi c h pub . .

l ish e s no n ew c as es b u t h e cl earl y p oss esse s a w id e kn o wl edg e

,

o f the m att er H is b oo k c ont ai n s m any j u s t an d s agac iou s re

.

fl ec ti on s on th e n at ur e an d t re at m en t o f in v ersio n an d th e att i ,

t ud e o f so c i et y t o w ard p erv ert ed s ex u al i ty T h e h is t ori c al por .

t ions o f th e b oo k wh i c h are o f sp ec i al in t er es t d eal l argely w i th

, ,

th e r em ark able prev al en c e o f i n v ers io n in E ng l and n eg l ect e d b y ,

pr ev ious inv e s t igat ors T h e w ri t er s att i t u d e t o w ard h omo

.
’

“
s exu al i t y as mani fes t ed in th e s u p erior i n v er t s l i ke Mi ch el
,
”

ang e l o an d P l at e is som ewh at symp ath et i c an d is on th e

, , ,

wh o l e ph i l osop h i c al r ath e r th an s c i en t i fic R aff al ov i c h r egards

,
.

c ong eni t al in v ersio n as a l arg e an d i n ev i t able fact or i n h um an

l i fe b u t t ak ing th e C ath o l i c s t an d poi n t h e c o n d em n s al l s ex u al
, ,
-
,

i t y ei t her h et eros exual or h omos ex u al an d u rg es th e i n v ert t o re

, ,

st r ain th e p h ysi c al m an i fest at io n s O f h is in st i n ct an d t o ai m at

an id eal o f ch as t i t y O n th e wh o l e i t m ay b e said th at th e b oo k
.
,

is th e w ork o f a th in ke r wh o h as r each ed h is o wn r esu lt s in h is

ow n w a
y an d th,
os e r e su lt s he a r an impri n t o f origi n a l i t y an d
fr eedom from t r adi t io n wh i ch m ak e th e b oo k w or th y o f c arefu l
st u dy n o tw i th st an di n g th e ab sen c e o f origi n al O b s erv at ions or
,

ne w f act s .

A b o u t th e s am e t im e a p amp hl e t en t i tl e d H om ogen i c L ove

( pri v a t e l y pri n t e d b y E d w a rd C a rp e n t e r a t M an ch e s t e r in 1 8 94 )
f r an kly cl aim e d symp ath y f or h omos exu al i t y Th e w ri t e r O f .

th is l i ttl e b oo k c ri t i c is e d th e c u rr en t p sy ch i at ri c v i e w s o f i n
v ersio n an d cl aim ed th at th e l aw s O f h omo sex u al are th e s am e
,

as th os e o f h et er os exu al l o ve H e u rg ed h o w ev e r th at i t s sp e
.
, ,

1
D etroi t L a ncet, 1 884 , a nd A li eni s t a nd N euro logi s t, Apri l , 1 89 1 .
 TH E S T UD Y OF S EX UAL I N VER S I O N . 43

c i al v al u e l i es in i t s c ap ac i ty o f b e i n g ex alt ed t o a h igh er an d
mor e spiri t u al l ev el o f aff ect ionat e c omrad esh ip so f u lfill i n g a
,

b en efic en t so c i al fu n ct ion .

E v en the exis t en c e o f s u ch t reat is es as th os e o f Krafit Eb i n g -

an d MO 11 is en o u gh t o S h o w h o w r apid l y th e s t udy o f th is su b

j c et h as gro w n .
—
A f ew y ears ag o for i n stan c e wh en D r Pau l
,
.

—
M or e au w ro t e h is Aberra ti ons d a S ens G én és i qu e s e xu al i n
v ersio n was s c ar c el y ev en a n am e I t w as a l o th som e an d n ame
.

l ess V i c e on l y t o b e t o u ch ed w i th a p air o f t o n gs rapid ly an d

, ,

wi th pr ec au t ions AS i t n ow pr esen t s i t s elf i t is a psy ch o l ogi c al

.
,

an d m e di c o l eg al pro bl e m so f u ll o f i n t er e s t th at w e ne e d n ot
-

fear t o fac e i t an d so fu ll o f grav e s o c i al act u al it y th at w e are

,

b ound t o fac e i t .
 CH A PT ER II I .

S EXUAL I NVERS I O N I N ME N .

R e l a ti ve l y U n di ff e ren t i a te d S ta te Ol I mp u lse i n E arl y

f t he S e xu a
L i fe —H omos e x u a l i ty i n S ch oo l s—L a te nt I nve rs io n— R ari ty o f A c q u ire d
u a —
H omose x l ity C l a ss ific at i o n of the V a rietie s o f Se x u a l I nv ers ion
S imp l e I n ve rs io n— C a s e s I t o XXX— P s y ch o s e xu a l H e rm a p h rodi t i s m
Cases XXX I to XXXV III .

WH EN the s exu al i n st in ct firs t ap p ears i n early you th i t ,

s eems t o be m u ch l ess spe c i al iz ed th an norm all y i t b ec om es l at er .

N o t on ly is i t at the o u t s et l ess d efi ni t ely direct ed t o a sp e c i fic

, ,

s exual end b u t ev en th e sex o f it s O bj ect is som e t ime s un c ert ain

,
1
.

Th is h as always b een so w ell rec ogniz ed th at th os e in au th orit y

o v er yo u n g m en h av e som e t im es f or c e d w ome n upon th em t o
av oid the ris k o f possi bl e unn at u ral o ff en s es
”
.

T he i n s t i t u t ion wh i ch pr es en t s th es e p h en om ena t o us in
th e mos t m ar k ed an d the mo st im p ort an t m anne r is n at urally , ,

th e s ch oo l in E n g l an d e sp e c i all y the p u bl i c s ch oo l
,
I n Fr an c e .
,

wh er e th e s am e p h en om ena are n o t ed T ard e h as c alled atten t io n

,
“
t o th ese r el at io n sh ips mos t u su ally Pl at oni c i n th e primi t i v e
,

1
Th u s G od a rd d esc ri b e d t he l i ttl e bo y s i n Ca iro a s a mus i ng th e m
se lve s i n d i fl e re nt l y e i th e r w i th bo ys or gir l s i n se x u a l p l a y E t
'

( gy p
. e et
P a l es ti ne, 186 7 , p . T h e sa m e th i ng m a y b e ob se rved i n E ngl an d
a n d e ls e wh e re .

1 “
B o u ch a rd , i n h i s C on f ess i ons , w ri te s o ne o f my c orre spo nden ts ,
s p ea k i ng o f t h e D u e d O r l e an s s p ag e s a t P a ri s i n t h e s e v e n te e n th
’ ’

cen tu ry , sa ys tha t th i s w a s a’ co u r e x treme m ent i mpie e t deb a u chee ,

‘

s u r t ou t pou r l es ga rc ons M d O rl ean s d e fie nd o i t a ses pa ges d e se b e s og

'

. .

ner n i b ra n l e r l a piqu e ; l e u r do nna n t an res te c o ngé d e v oir l e s fe mm es

ta n t qu i ls v ou d roi e nt , e t qu elqu e foi s ven an t d e nu i c t heu rt er a l a port e
’

d e l e u r ch am b re , av e c c i n q o n s i x g a rse s , q u i l e en fe rm o i e nt av e c e u x u n e
’

h eu re a deu x ( p ’
. T h is pri nce w as o f the sa me min d as Ca mp anella ,
wh o, i n t he C i tta d el S ol e, la id i t do w n th at yo u ng m e n ou ght t o b e
freel y a dmi tte d t o w om e n , for t he a v oid an ce o f se xu al a be rra t io n s Are .

t i n o a nd Be rn i e na bl e u s to c o m pre hen d t h e s exu a l im m oral i t y o f m a l es

c ongregate d t oge the r i n t he cou rts o f R oman prelate s Th e ho m os ex u ”
.

al i ty o f yo u th w as a l s o w e ll r ec ogn ize d a mo ng t he R om a ns , b u t th e y
a dop te d t h e c o n tr a ry c o u r se a nd prov id e d m e a n s t o gra t i fy i t , a s t h e

exi s te n c e o f t h e conc u bi nu s , re ferre d t o b y Ca t u llu s, cl e a rl y s h o w s .

( )
4 4
 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N I N MEN . 45

m ean ing o f th e w ord wh i ch indi c at e a S imp l e in d ec ision o f

,

fro n t i er b etw een fri en d sh ip an d l o ve st i ll u ndi ff er en t i at ed in ,

th e d aw n o f th e aw ak e ni n g heart an d h e re gre t s th at no o n e
”
,

has yet s t u di e d th em I n E n gl an d w e are v ery fami l i ar w i th

.

v agu e all u sio n s t o the v i c es o f p u bl i c s ch oo l s Fr om t im e t o t im e .

w e r ead l e tt ers in the n ew sp ap ers d eno u n c ing p u bl i c s ch oo l s as

“
h o t b eds o f V i c e an d on e an o nymo u s w ri ter r em ark s th at
-

som e o f ou r p u bl i c s ch o ol s al mo st pro v o k e th e punish m en t o f

the c i t i es o f th e P l ain B u t so f ar as I h av e b een abl e t o
1 ”
,
.

gath er th es e all egat ions h av e no t b een su b mi tt ed t o acc u rat e

,

in v es t i gat ion Th e p h ysi c i an s and o th ers c o n n ect ed w i th p u bl i c

.

s ch oo l s wh o are i n a posi t ion t o st u dy th e m att er po ssess n o

psy ch o l ogi c al t raini n g an d app ear t o v i ew h omo sex u al i ty w i th
,

t oo mu ch di sg u s t t o c ar e t o pay any c ar efu l att ent ion t o i t Wh at .

k no wl edg e th ey poss ess th ey k eep t o th ems el v e s for i t is c on si d ,

er e d t o b e in th e i n t er es t s o f p u bl i c sch oo l s th at th e se th i n gs

sh ou l d b e h u sh e d up Wh en an y th ing v ery s c and al o u s o cc u rs

.

o n e or tw o l ads are exp ell e d t o th eir o w n g rav e an d p erh aps

, , ,

l i fe l ong i nj u ry an d w i th o u t be n efit t o th o se wh o r em ain wh os e

-

, ,

aw ak e n i n g sex u al l i f e r are l y r e c e i v es in t ell ig en t symp ath y .

T he f oll ow ing ne w spa per c u tting o f re ce n t da te s u mmari ly na rrate s

a n e pi s ode o f th i s k i n d o f wh i ch I h a v e a l s o h a d s om e i n f orm a t io n from

pri vate s ou r ces and rel a te s to a w ell kn ow n p u bl i c s ch oo l no t far from

,
-

L on don : A sens a t ion h as been ca u sed b y the s u mm a ry di smis sa l o f

“

fift een s tu dents fr om a w ell k no wn c ol lege R ecently t he su spi c ions o f

-
.

t he m a s t er s w e re a ro u se d b y r u mor s wh i ch w e re c o n fi rm e d wh en o ne
,

o f the se rvants i n cle an i ng a dormi tory cam e u pon a let te r A fte r

, , .

pe ru s i ng i t she h an de d i t ove r t o th e h ea d m a ste r A fu ll i nqu iry w a s -

.

the n i n s t i tu te d int o t he m a tte r w i th t he re s u lt th a t fift een s tu dents w ere

,

fou nd to b e imp l i ca ted The ofl ense w as so gra ve th a t the h ea d sa w

.
'
‘ ’

n o o th e r c o u r se O p e n b u t t o e x p e l th e b oys A m ong th o se di s ch a rged a re .

sa id t o b e t h e so n o f a w e ll k n ow n a ct re ss a n d t h e so n o f a n a r t i s t
”
-
.

I m ay rem a rk tha t as I h a ve b ee n i n form ed a b oy O f 16 or 17 wh o

, ,

h ad prev iou sl y b ee n e xpe lle d fr om a no th e r c o ll ege w as a cce p te d a f e w ,

years ago a t the c ollege i n qu es tion t h ou g h t he head m aste r w a s i n ,

-

1 “
O u r P u bl i c S ch ool s : the ir Meth od s and M orals . N ew R evi ew ,
Ju l y, 1893 .
46 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

fu ll po s ses s i on o f the facts ( I t i s pe rhaps n ote w orth y tha t an a c tress

.
, ,

a nd a n a r ti s t a re me n t io n e d as p a r e n ts o f tw o o f th e bo y s e xp e ll e d ; th e re

i s a s p e c i a l l i ab i l i t y t o i nve r s ion a mo ng th o s e wh o are a tt ra c t ed t o th e se

a v o c a tion s an d t h e q u es t ion w h e th e r w e a re n o t h e re i n t h e pr esen ce o f
,

cer ta i n i n heri te d qu a li tie s o f t he ner vo u s s yste m i s th u s s u gges te d ) F o r .

s om e i n te r es t i n g r e mi n i s c e n c es o f p u bl i c sc h ool l i fe I m ay r e fe r t o C a se -

X III ( pp 7 1 et . I n a n o th e r v o l u m e o f t h e pre s e n t s t u di e s ( The

E vol u ti on of Mod es ty e t c pp 1 6 9 1 7 2 ) I h a ve b ro u ght t oge the r e v id e n ce
, .
, .
-

c o n cerning t he prev al e nce o f h omo se xu a l a nd a u t o e ro t i c p henom ena i n -

p u bli c a nd pri v a te s ch ool s a nd S h o w n th a t th i s v a ri e s grea tl y a t di ff e re n t

s ch oo l s a n d a t di ff e r e n t t i m e s i n t h e s a m e s ch oo l wh i l e i n s m a ll s ch oo l s ,

s u ch p h en om e n a m a y b e pra ct i c a ll y u n k n o w n .

F o r s om e i nte res t i ng d eta i l s r ega rdi ng h omo se x u a l i ty i n G erm an

s ch oo l s I m a r e f e r t o D r A H o ch e Z u r F r ag e d er f orens i s c hen B eu r
y . .
,

thei l i ng s c a u el l er V er g eher
'
P u tti ng t oge th e r c omm u n i c a t io ns re ce i v ed
.
1

from v a riou s m ed i ca l m e n regardi ng their o w n you thfu l exp e ri ences at

s ch o o l h e fi n d s r e l a t io n s h ip s o f t he k i nd v e ry c ommo n
,
u s u a ll y b e tw e e n ,

b oys O f di ff e rent ages and s ch o o l clas se s A cc ordi ng to one O bs erve r the -

.
,

femi n ine or pas s i v e p art w a s a l w a ys p lay ed by a bo y o f girl i sh form and

, ,

c omp le xion a nd the rel a tionsh ip s w e re som ewha t li ke th os e o f no rmal

,

l ove rs w ith k i s s i ng poe m s lo ve le tters sc ene s o f j eal o u sy s omet imes

, , ,
-
, ,

V i s i ts t o e a ch o th er i n b e d b u t w i th ou t m a s tu rba tio n pederas ty or o th e r

, , ,

gross ly p hy s i cal m an i fes ta tion F rom h i s o w n yo u thfu l e xpe ri en ce H oc h e .

re c ord s pre c is el y s imil a r o bs e rv a tion s a nd rem a rk s th a t t he l o ve rs we re ,

b y n o mea ns rec ru i te d from t he v i c i o u s e lements i n t he sc h ool ( Th e .

e l d e r s ch o l a r s o f 2 1 or 22 yea r s o f ag e form e d r eg u l a r se x u a l re l a t io n s h ip s
, ,

w i th t h e se rv a nt g irl s i n t h e h o u s e )
-
It i s proba ble th a t the h omose x u al .

re lat ions h ip s i n E ngl i s h s ch oo ls are as a ru le not more V i c io u s th an th ose , ,

des cri be d b y H o ch e b u t th a t th e c on cea lm en t i n wh i ch the y are w ra p pe d

,

le a ds t o exaggera tion N o dou bt i n e x ce p tion al ca ses t he c ri ti cs o f t he

.
, ,

s ch oo l s h a v e j u s t i c e o n th e ir s id e A di s cu ss ion on t he m a tt er w a s s ta rted
.

b y Mr W i lson a h ea d m a s te r s om e yea rs ag o i n the Jour na l of E du ca

.
,
-

, ,

O n th i s O l im E t o n i e n s i s w ro te th a t o n m a k i ng a l i s t o f t h e
“ ” ”
ti on .
, ,

v i c iou s b oys he had kn ow n at E t on he fou nd tha t the se v ery b oy s had ,

“

b ec ome cab i ne t mi n i s te rs s tates m en offi cers clergym e n c o u nt ry gentle

, , , ,
-

m en e t c a nd th a t th e y are n e a rly a l l o f th e m fa th e r s o f th ri v i ng fa mi l ie s
,
.
, ,

re s pe cted a nd pros pe rou s B u t a s Ma rro h a s re m a rk ed t h e qu es t io n i s

”
.
, ,

n o t th u s se ttl e d P u bl i c di s t i n ct io n b y n o m e ans ne c es s a ri l y imp l i es a ny

.

fin e degree o f pri va te mor a l i ty .

S om e tim es t h e m an i fe s t a t i ons th u s a ppea rin g i n s ch ool s or whe re v e r

1
N e uro log i sc hes C ent ra l blc tt, 1896 , N o 2 . .

1
Jou rna l of E du ca ti on, 1882, p 85 . .
 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N I N MEN . 47

you th s a re c o ngrega te d t ogethe r a re no t tru ly h omosex u a l b u t exh ib i t ,

a more or l e s s b ru t a l or e v e n s a di s t i c p e r v ers io n o f t he imm a tu re se x u a l

i nst in ct T h is m a y b e ill u s trate d b y t he foll ow i ng na rra t iv e concerning

.

a l a rge L ondon c i t y w a re h o u se A yo u th le ft my class a t the age o f

“
:

16 /1
wr i te s a c o rre s po nd ent t o t ake u p a n a pprent i ce s hip i n a large
,

wh olesa le firm i n G S t ree t .F or t u nate l y h e w e n t o n pro b at ion o f

th ree w eeks b e fore art i cl i ng H e ca me to m e at t he end o f the
.

firs t w eek ask i ng m e to i nter cede w i th h i s moth e r ( h e h ad no fath er )

no t to l et h im r e tu r n H e to l d m e th a t a l mos t n ightl y a nd es p ec i all y
.
,

when new fell ow s cam e the you ths i n hi s dormi t ory ( ele ven i n n u m
,

b er ) w o u l d w ay l a y h im h ol d h im do w n and ru b h i s pa r ts t o t h e
, ,

tu ne o f s om e c om i c s ong or da nce m u si c Th e b oy wh o c o u l d ch oose

-
.

the fa s te s t t im e ha d t h e pri v i l ege o f pe rformi ng t h e ope ra tio n and ,

mos t had to b e t he v i ct im i n t u rn u nle ss new b oy s en te re d wh en th ey ,

w o u l d som e times b e su bj ected t o th i s for a w ee k T h i s b oy h av ing .

,

be en brou ght u p s tri ctly w as sh oc ke d dazed and alarmed ; b u t th ey

, , ,

s toppe d h im from c a ll i n g o u t a nd h e d ar e d n o t re por t i t

, M os t b o y s .

e nt e r e d dir ec t o n th e ir a ppre n t i c e s h ip w i t h o u t prob a t io n a n d ha d no ,

ch a n ce t o get o u t I pro c u re d th e b oy s rele ase from the pla ce a nd ga ve

.
’

t h e m a n age r t o u n de r s ta n d wh a t w e n t o n I n su ch a ca se as th i s i t
”
.

ha s u s u a ll y h a ppe ne d th a t a s t ro ng b oy o f b ru ta l an d pe r ve r se i ns t i n cts
a n d s om e f or c e o f ch a r a ct e r i n i t i a t e s pr oc ee di ngs wh i ch th e o th er s e i th e r

fall int o w i th c ompl a cen cy or are t oo w ea k t o r es is t .

Max D esso i r i n a st u dy o f th e psy ch o l o gy o f th e se xu al l i fe

,

wh i ch di sp l ays r em ark abl e ac u m en an d i nd ep en d en c e o f j u d g

“
m en t c om es t o the c o n cl usio n th at an u n di ff eren t i at ed sexual
,
1

f eel ing is n orm al o n th e av er ag e d u rin g th e fi rs t years O f

, ,

p u b er t y ,
from 1 3 t o 1 5 i n b oys an d from 1 2 t o 1 4 i n girl s ,

wh i l e i n l at e r y e ars i t m u s t b e r eg ard e d as p ath o l ogi c al H e .

”

adds v e ry t r u l y th at in th is e ar l y p e riod th e s e x u al e mo t ion h as

no t b ec om e c en t e r ed i n th e s e xu al organ s Th i s l att er fact is .

c e r t ain l y f ar t oo O ft en forgo tt e n b y g ro w n u p p e r s o n s wh o sus -

p e c t t h e id e al iz e d p a s s ion O f b oys a n d gir l s o f a p h ysi c al S id e

wh i ch ch i l dr e n h av e o ft en n o suspi c io n o f an d w o u l d v i ew w i th ,

r e p u l sio n an d h orror H o w f ar th e sexu al ins t i n ct m ay b e s aid

.

t o b e u ndi ff er en t i at e d i n ear l y p u b er t y as r eg ards s ex is a l i ttl e

d o u btfu l to m e ; I sh o u l d no t l i k e t o go fu r th er th an t o say th at i t

1
Ma x D e s s o i r ,
Z u r P s y ch o l ogi e d er V i t a S e x u al i s , Al lgemei ne
Z ei tsc hri f t f ii r P syc hi a tri c , 1894 , H 5 . .
48 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

is c omp arat i v el y u n di ff er en t i at ed Th at i t is ab so l u te ly nu d i ff er .

en ti ated ex c ep t i n a f ew c as e s I c an b y n o m ean s admi t

, ,
How .

ev er th is m ay b e i t is c e r t ai n th at s ch oo l l i f e p l ays a c e r t ain p ar t
,
-

i n d e v e l opi n g ( i t w ou l d b e i n c au t io u s t o say origi n at i n g ) se x u al

i n v ersion .

P rofess or J a m es ( P ri nci p les of P syc ho logy v o l I I p 4 39 ) co ns id ers , .

,
.

i nv ers ion a k i nd o f sex u a l a ppe ti te o f wh i ch v ery l i k el y mos t m e n

“

possess the germi n a l po ss ib il i ty D r C on o lly N orm an ( Art i cle S e xu a l

. .
“

P erve rs ion Tu k e s D i c ti ona ry of P syc ho logi ca l Med i ci ne ) a l s o sta tes

’
,

tha t t he sexu a l pa ss ion at i ts fi rs t app earan ce i s a lw a ys ind efi ni te and

“
, , ,

i s v e ry e a s i l y tu rn e d i n a w ro ng dire ct io n a n d h e app a re n tl y a cc o u n ts
”
,

for i nve rsion by th is fa ct and b y t he pre c oc i ty of ne u rot i cs O b i c i and

, .

Ma r ch es i n i ( L e Am i c i z i e d i C o l l eg i o p 126 ) re fe r t o th e i n d e termin a te
‘ ’
, .

ch a ra cte r o f th e se xu a l fee l i ngs wh en they firs t b egi n to develop A c or .

res pon dent b e l i e v e s th a t sex u a l fee lings a re u ndi ff erent i ated i n the ea rl y
y ea rs ab ou t p u be rt y b u t a t th e sa m e time c on s ide rs th a t sc h oo l l i fe i s
,
-

t o s om e ex te n t res pon s i ble ; t he h o l iday s h e a dds are su ffi ci ently l ong ,

”
,
“

t o c ou n t e ra ct i t h o w e v e r prov id ed t h e b oy ha s s i s t e r s a nd t h e y h av e
, ,

fri ends ; th e ch a nge from s ch oo l fare and w ork t o h om e n a tu rally re su lts

i n a gr e a te r s u rp l u s o f n e rv e f or c e a n d I th i n k mo s t b oy s fool a b o u t
‘ ’
-

w i th serv a nts or the ir si sters fri ends Mo ll ( Kon tr ar e S ea u a l emp

'
’ '
.

find u ng 1899 pp 6 a nd 35 6 ) doe s no t th i nk i t i s pro v e d th a t a s ta ge

, , .

o f u n di ff e ren t i a t e d se x u a l fee l i n g a lw a y s oc c u rs a lth o u gh w e h a v e t o ,

re cogn ize th a t i t i s of frequ ent o ccu rren ce .

T h es e s ch oo l b oy aff ect ions an d p assions aris e t o a l arg e

-
,

ex t en t spo n t an e ous l y w i th th e ev o l u t ion O f th e s ex u al e mo t ions

, ,

th ough the m eth od o f m an i fe st at ion m ay be a m att er o f examp l e

or sugg es t ion AS th e s ex u al i n st i n ct s b ec om e st ro ng er an d as
.
,

th e l ad l eav es s ch oo l or c o ll eg e t o mix w i th m en an d w om en in
th e w or l d th e i n st in ct u su all y t u rn s in t o th e norm al ch an n el
, ,

in wh i ch ch an n el the i n st i n ct s o f th e m aj ori t y o f b oys h av e b een

dir ect ed from th e ear l i es t app earan c e o f pub ert y i f no t earl i er ,
.

B u t a c er t ai n propor t ion r em ain i n s ensi t i v e t o the i n fl u en c e o f

w om en an d th es e m ay be r eg ard ed as t ru e s exual i n v ert s Som e
, .

o f th em are pro b abl y indi v id u al s o f som ewh at und ev el op ed sex

u al ins t i n ct s T h e m em b ers o f th is gro u p are o f som e i n t er es t
.

psy ch o l ogi c all y alth ough from th e c omp arat i v e qui esce n c e o f
,

th eir s exu al em o t i ons th ey h av e r ec ei v ed l i ttl e att en t ion The .

 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N I N MEN . 49

fo ll o w i n g c omm u n i c at ion wh i ch I h av e r ec ei v ed from a w ell

acc r edi te d sour c e is no t ew or th y f rom th is poin t o f Vi ew

Th e foll ow i ng facts m ay po ss ibly b e o f in te res t t o yo u th o u gh my ,

s t a te m e n t o f th e m i s n e c essa ri l y ge ne ra l a n d v a g u e I h appe n to kn o w .

i n t im a tel y th ree ca se s o f m en wh o s e a ff e ct io n s h a ve ch i e fly be e n directe d

e x cl u s i v e l y to pe r s o n s o f th e ir ow n se x Th e fi r s t h a v i ng pra ct i c ed m a s
.
,

t u rb a ti o n a s a b o y a nd t h en f o r s om e t e n y ea rs c ea s e d t o pr a ct i c e i t
,

( t o s u ch a n ex te n t t h a t he ev en i n h i b i te d h i s ero ti c drea m s ) ha s s in ce
re c u rre d t o i t de l ib e ra tel y ( at a b ou t fortnightl y i nter v al s ) as a s u b st i
t u te for c opu la tion for wh i ch he has neve r felt t he lea s t des ire B u t
, .

oc ca s io na ll y wh e n s l ee pi ng w i th a m al e fri e n d h e h a s e mi s s i o ns i n th e
, ,

a c t o f e m b ra c i ng The se c on d i s c on s tantl y an d t o an a b n orm a l e xt e n t

.

( I s h o u l d s ay ) tro u bl e d w i th ero ti c drea m s a nd emi s s ion s an d ta k es

dru g s by doc t or s ad v i ce t o re du ce th i s a cti v ity H e h a s re cen tly d e
,
’
, .

v el o p e d a se x u a l i n t e r es t i n w om en b u t for e th i ca l a n d o th e r re a so ns
,

does no t c op u l a te w i th th em O f t he th ird I c an say l ittle as he h as not

.
,

talke d t o m e on the su bj e ct ; b u t I k no w tha t he h as n eve r ha d i nt e r

c ou rse w i th w om en and ha s a lw ays h a d a na tu ra l and i n sti ncti v e repu l
,

s io n t o t h e id e a I n al l th es e I im agi n e t he ph y s i c a l imp u l se o f se x i s
.
, ,

les s impe rati v e th an i n t he av erage m an The emot ional imp u l se o n t h e .

,

oth er h an d i s ve ry strong It h as gi ven b irth t o fri ends h ip s o f wh i ch

,
.

I find no adequ a te des crip t ion a ny wh e re b u t i n the dial ogu es o f P lat o ;

a nd ,
b eyond a certa in fee l i ng o f s trangene ss at t h e grad u a l dis c ov ery O f
a t e mp e r a m en t a pp a r en tl y di ff e r en t t o th a t o f mo s t m en i t h a s pro v o k e d ,

n o ki n d o f s e lf re proa ch or S h a m e
-
O n t he c on tr a ry t h e fe el i ng h a s b e e n
.
,

ra th er one o f el a tion i n t he c on s ciou snes s of a ca pa c i ty of a ff ec tion wh i ch

a ppea rs to b e fine r an d more s piri t u a l th an th a t wh i ch c ommonl y s u b

s i s t s b e tw e en p e rs o n s o f di ff e r en t s e x e s Th e se m en are al l o f in tell e ctu a l

.

ca pa ci ty ab ov e t h e av erage ; an d on e i s a cti vel y engage d i n the w orl d ,

whe re he i s b oth res pect ed for h i s cap a c i ty and a dmire d for h i s ch arac te r .

I mention th i s pa rt i cu larly b ecau s e i t appe a rs t o b e th e h ab i t i n b ook s

, ,

u pon th i s s u b j e ct t o rega rd t h e re l a t ion i n q u e s t ion a s p a th ol o gi c a l a n d

, ,

to sel e ct c a ses wh e re th o s e wh o are c on ce rne d i n i t are to rm e nte d w i th

s h a m e a nd re mors e I n t he c as e s t o wh i ch I am re fe rri ng n o th i ng O f th e
.

k i n d s u b s i s ts .

I n al l th ese c ase s a ph y si c al se x u a l a ttr ac tion i s re c ogn iz ed a s th e

“

ba s is o f the rela tion b u t as a m atte r of feel i ng and partly al s o of th e ory

, , ,

t he as c e t i c idea l i s a dop t e d .

“
T h e se a re t h e onl y ca se s w i th wh i ch I a m p ers on ally a n d i n tim a tel y
a c qu a i n t e d . B u t n o o n e c an h a v e p a s se d th ro u gh a p u bl i c s ch oo l and -

c oll ege li fe w i th ou t c onstantl y o bs erv ing indi c a tions O f t he p h en omen on

i n qu es tion I t i s cl ear to m e th a t i n a l a rge nu m be r O f i nst an ce s th ere
.
50 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

is no fix ed l ine be tw ee n w h a t i s call ed di s tin c ti vel y fri endsh ip and l ove ; ‘ ’

an d i t i s pro b a bl y t h e i n fl u e n c e o f c u s t om a nd p u bl i c O pi n io n th at i n mos t

cases fina lly s pe c i a liz es th e p h ys i ca l p assio n i n the direction o f th e

O ppos i te sex
”
.

Th ecl assi fic at ion o f th e v ari et i es o f s ex u al i n v ersion is st i ll

a m att e r o f som e di ffi c u lt y
.
Wh i l e som e au th ori t i es are in cl i n ed
.

t o regard n earl y al l c as es as ac q u ir ed o th ers r egard ne arl y ev ery ,

c as e as r eall y c o n geni t al B efore th e s t u d y o f in v ersio n w as.

p l ac e d on a s c i en t i fic b asis al l c as e s w e r e o f c o u rs e r eg ard e d as , ,

ac q u ir e d T h e poin t o f V i ew is n ow so di ff er en t th at M o ll on e
.
,

o f th e l at e s t an d sh r ew d es t s t u d en ts o f th e m att er in the fi rs t ,

e di t ion o f h is b oo k w as in cl i n ed t o r eg ard ac q u ir ed in v e rsion as

al mos t n o n exis t en t -
I n the s ec o n d edi t io n h e modi fie d th is V i ew
.

an d c on cl ude d th at ac q u ire d c as es did c er t ai n l y o cc ur b u t o n l y ,

rarel y m any c ases wh i ch b y Kraff t Eb i n g w oul d b e c o n sid ere d

,
-

ac q u ir e d b e i n g b y M o ll r eg ard e d as c as e s o f p sy ch o sex u al h er

m ap hro d i ti sm W i th th is modi fi ed c o n cl u sion I c o n c u r I p u t

. .

asid e th os e c as e s o f a mor e or l e s s morb id ch arac te r i n wh i ch

, ,

O l d m en w i th fai l ing se x u al po w e rs or yo u n g er m e n ex h aus t e d ,

b y h e t e ros ex u al d eb au ch ery are att ract e d t o b oys 1

W i th t h is
,
.

1
S u ch
cases h ow e ve r nee d m ore carefu l p s ych ol ogi c a l st u dy th a n
, ,

t h e y h a v e y e t rec e i v e d F er e ha s i nv e s tiga te d a c a s e o f th i s k i nd i n
.

wh i ch a hea lth y you ng m an ( th o u gh w i th sl ightl y neu ro ti c h ere dity o n

o n e s id e ) pr a ct i c e d s e x u a l i nte r c o u rse e x ces s i v e l y be t w e en t h e ag es o f
tw enty a nd t w en ty t hrH '
fi e n impe lle d more b y amou r p r op r e th an
-

se xu al desire—and th en s u dden ly b e c a m e im po te n t a t the same time ,

l os i ng all des ire b u t w ith ou t a ny o th e r l es s of hea lth S i x m ont h s la te r

, .

po te n cy sl owly ret u rn e d th o u gh nev e r t o the sa m e e x tent an d h e m a rrie d

, ,
.

A t t he ag e o f th ir ty fiv e symp tom s O f l oc omot or ata xi a b ega n t o a ppea r

-
,

a n d s om e ye a rs l a te r h e a ga i n b e c a m e impo te n t b u t w i th o u t l os i ng s e x u a l,

d esi re S u dd enl y one d ay on s i tti ng in cl ose c onta ct w i th a yo u ng m an

.
,

a t a ta bl e d hote h e e xp e ri e n ce d V i o l en t e re c t i o n ; he a fte rw a rd fou nd

’
,

th at the sa m e th i ng o cc u rred w i th o the r you ng m en and th o u gh h e h ad , ,

no p sy ch i c d e s ir e for m en h e w as c on s t ra i ne d t o see k s u ch c o n tac t a n d

, ,

a r e p u gn an c e for w om e n a nd th e ir se xu al i t y a ro se F i v e mon th s la te r a .

c ompl ete p ara p legi c im p oten ce se t i n ; an d th en b o th the h o mose xu al

ten d en cy and t he a vers ion to w o m en disa ppea re d ( F éré L I ns ti nc t .
,
’

S camel p , . I n su ch a ca se u n de r t h e in fl u e n c e o f di s ea se e x c es s i v e
, ,

s t im u l a tion s ee m s t o res u l t i n more or l e s s c ompl e t e s e x u a l a ne s th e s i a ,

j u s t as t empora ri ly w e m ay be more or less bl i nde d by e x cess of l ight ;

a n d fu n ct io na l p ow e r rea s s e rt s i t s e lf u n d e r t h e i nfl u e n c e o f a di ff e re n t

an d n orm all y m u ch w ea k e r s t im u l u s Wh a tever the m ec h an is m of th e

.

proc ess m ay b e th ere i s ce rt a i nl y a te nden cy f or a m o rb idl y fee ble se xu a l

,

i m pu l se to b ec ome in ve r te d .
 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N I N MEN . 51

e x c ep t ion I regard ac quir ed i n v ersion as rar e an d I sh o u l d no t b e

,

surpris ed t o fi nd th at a mor e mi n u t e in v e s t igat ion w ou l d S h o w

th at ev en in the s e rar e c as es th er e is a c ongen i ta l el em en t I .

am on l y abl e t o b ri n g f or w ard th r e e c as e s wh i ch c an fairl y b e

r egard e d as ac quire d an d w i th out O bv ious c ongen i t al el em en t .

Th e d et ermi n at io n o f th e c o n g en i t al or ac qu ir ed n at u re o f a
p art i c u l ar c ase o f in v ersion is fr equ en tl y b y n o m ean s so easy
as m an y p erso n s wh o dogm at i c all y l ay do w n th e l aw on o n e S id e

or th e o th er s eem t o be l i ev e T he c as e mus t firs t b e pr es en t ed

.

t o us in m u ch gr eat er fu ll n ess th an w e are acc us t om ed t o get i t .

Th en b ef or e w e c an ass er t that i t i s a pur el y c ongen i t al c as e

, ,

w e mu st be qui t e s u r e th at no imprin t o f en v ironm en t or su g

gesti on m ad e at som e p sy ch o l ogi c al momen t has h ad a c on
, ,
”

t ro ll ing infl u en c e An d b efore w e c an ass ert th at a c as e is p u rel y

.

ac quir ed w e mus t pos se ss a s u ffi c i e n tl y min u t e k no wl e dg e o f the

,

subj ect in earl y l i fe t o b e abl e t o ass er t th at h is emo t ions an d

id eal s as a ch i l d an d th e n at u r e o f h is p h ysi c al organ ism h av e
, ,

no t predispos ed h im t o h omo se x u al imp u l s es Wh en w e are abl e

.

t o in v es t igat e o u r c as es w i th d u e f u ll n ess an d pr ec ision I th i n k,

i t w i ll b e fou n d th at i n m any c as es w e m ay fairl y c all ac q u ir ed

th er e is a c ongeni t al el em en t an d that in m any c as es w e m ay
,

fairl y c all c onge n i ta l som e acc id en t o f en v ironm en t has h ad an

influen c e i n d ev el oping l at en t t en d en c y U n fortun at el y I h av e
.

no t b een abl e t o in v est igat e all my c ases p erson all y so th at m any ,

poin t s in th e f o ll o w ing h i st ori e s r em ain o b s c u r e ; b u t m any o f

th e c as es n o t p e rson all y O b s e r v e d h av e b e en i n v e s t ig at e d w i th
d u e c ar e th rough v ery r el i abl e ch an n el s ; so f ar as th e h i st ori e s
,

go th ey m ay I b el i ev e b e acc ep t ed
, ,
.

I do n ot propos e t o adop t any mor e c omp l ex cl assi fic at ion

th an th e cl ini c al dis t in ct io n b etw een simple i n v ersion an d psy
c h o sex u al h erm ap h rodi t i sm as i t is u su all y c all e d th e fi rs t cl ass
, ,

i n cl u di n g al l th os e indi v idual s wh o are s exu all y att ract ed o n l y

t o th eir o w n sex the sec o n d cl ass th os e wh o are att ract ed t o b o th
,

s ex e s I n each group I w i ll fi rs t pr e s en t th e app ar en tl y ac

.

quir ed c as e s .
52 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

S I M P LE I NVER S I O N .

CA S E I — Bo th
. pa ren ts h ea lth y ; fa th er o f u nu su a lly fine p hysi qu e .

H e i s h im se lf a m a nu a l w or ker an d a l s o o f ex ce p t iona lly fine p hysi qu e

,
.

H e i s h o we ve r o f ne rv ou s te mp era m ent
, ,
H e i s m en ta lly b right th o u gh .
,

n o t h ighl y e d u ca te d a k ee n s po r ts m an a nd i n g ene r a l a g o od ex amp l e o f

, ,

a n al l ro u n d h e a lth y E ng l i s h m a n
-
.

Wh il e very a ff ec tionate h i s sex u a l d esires a re n o t s tro ngly devel ope d

,

o n t h e ph y s i c a l s id e a nd s ee m n ev e r t o h a v e b ee n s o
, H e so m e tim e s m as .

t u rb at ed a b o u t t he ag e o f p u b e rt y b u t ne v e r a ft e r w a rd H e do es no t
, .

a pp e a r t o h a v e w e ll m a r k ed e ro t i c drea m s
!
-
Th ere u se d to b e s ome at .

t ra ction t ow a rd w om en th ou gh i t w a s neve r s trong A t t he age o f 2 6

,
.

h e w as s ed u ced b y a w om an an d h a d c onne ct ion w i th h e r onc e A ft er .

w ard he had reason to th ink S h e h ad p l ayed h im fal se i n variou s w ay s .

T h i s i nd u ce d th e s tronges t ant ip a t h y n ot only t o th i s w om an b u t to al l , ,

m a rri ageabl e w om en A yea r a fte r th i s epis od e h omosex u a l fee li ng first

.

becam e cl ear and de fined H e i s now 3 3 and fee ls t he same ant ipath y
.
,

t o w om e n ; h e h a t es e ve n t o s pe a k o f m a rri age .

Th e re has only b een one rea lly s trong a ttra ction to w ard a m a n ,

o f ab o u t t he sa me ag e b u t O f di ff ere nt s oc ial cla ss and s om e w h at a

, ,

c ontrast t o h i m b oth p hys i cally a nd m enta lly S O far as t he p h ys i ca l

, .

a c t i s c o nc e r ne d th i s r el a t ions h ip i s n o t d e fi n i te l y s e x u a l b u t i t i s o f th e ,

m os t intima te po s si ble k i nd a nd t he a b sence o f the ph y s i ca l ac t i s prob

,

a bl y l argel y d u e t o c irc u m s ta n c e s A t t he sa m e t ime th e re i s no c onsc iou s

.

des ire for the ac t for i ts o w n sa ke a nd th e exi s ting h a rmony and sa t is ,

fact i on i s des c ri be d as v ery c omp lete T here i s h ow e ve r no repu lsion .

, ,

t o the p hys i cal s ide and he regards th e wh ol e rel a tionsh i p as qu i te

,

n a t u ra l .

—
CAS E II H igh lander aged 37 a ch ance ch i ld o f rath er poor bir th
.
, ,
“
,

a nd e mp l oy e d a s a post m an H e i s v e ry a morou s b y n a t u re w i th go od
.
,

i ntelligen ce b u t fe eble w i ll H i s h ea rt i s w ea k and th e re i s a tend en cy

,
.
,

t o hyp och on drias i s L atterl y he h as taken dru gs to a c ons iderable exten t

.

to reliev e hi s h ear t t rou ble and has a lso bec ome almo s t impoten t
-

, .

A s a you ng m an h e w a s v e ry f ond o f t h e g irl s a n d s h o w ed a morb id , .

degree o f ereth i sm ( emi ss ion a t s ight o f w om en h e h ad one or ,

tw o seriou s l ove aff airs an d di sa ppoi ntm ents Th en th e pa ss ion gradu a lly
-
.

v ee red arou nd t o hi s ow n sex ; h e does no t kno w wh y A t the presen t .

ti me h i s l i fe i s always w rapped u p i n s ome m ale fri end b u t w i th ou t mu ch ,

r esponse on t he ph y s i c al sid e from the othe r pe rs on H i s sleepi ng a nd .

w ak ing l i fe i s fille d w i th a c ontin u al proc ession o f images o f p h ysi cal and

e mo t ion al d es ire H i s temp er a m en t i s s om e wh at a r ti s t i c
. .

Th efi rs t c as e is sl ightl y n euro t i c in ch aract er i n th e s ec ond ,

th er e is a h igh d egr ee o f gen er al fe eb l en ess an d h yp er e s th e si a

 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N I N MEN . 53

wh i ch is dist i n ctl y morb id ; in b o th the in v ersion s eems t o b e

ac qu ir ed U n f or t u n at el y in n ei th er c as e h av e I h ad an op p ortu
.
,

n i t y o f m ak ing any ex t end e d in v es t ig at ion i n t o th e h is t ory ; a

l o v e dis appoin t m en t i t n eed no t b e sai d is n o ad eq u at e c au s e

-
, ,

f or a t o t al chang e in the dir ect ion o f th e s ex u al c u rr en t ; i t i s

possibl e th at a mor e min ut e ex ami nat ion mig h t r ev eal som e pre
disposi tion t o inv ersion in th e firs t c as e wh i l e i n the s ec o n d the ,

sex u al h yp er e s th e si a is an import an t fact or .

I n the n ex t c as e i t is som ewh at diffi c u lt t o ass ert d efi ni t el y

th at the imp ul s e is ei th er c o n geni tal or ac qu ir ed b u t i t has c er ,

tai n ly aris e n o n a dis t i n ctl y n eu ro t i c soi l Th e morb id el e m en t .

is su ggest e d at th e o u t s et b y th e fact th at th e sub j ect is an o n ly

ch i l d an d is s h o w n by th e ear ly ex c e ss e s in m as t u r b at io n as
, ,

w e ll as b y th e s u b s e qu e n t h i s t o ry th e domi n an c e o f ab s u rd ,

i m agi n at ions th e h yp e r e s th e t i c w eak n e ss an d th e t en de n c y t o

, ,

morp h i n ism .

CAS E III —C M age d 32 only ch i l d H e k no w s n oth i ng o f any

. . .
, ,
.

sex u a l or ot h e r p e c u l i a ri t i e s i n h i s fa m i l y I n ea r l y yo u th h e m as tu rb a te d
.

to ex c ess s om e tim es th ree t im es da i ly Be fore t he ag e of 14 he on ce he

, .
,

sa y s fe lt s e x u a ll y a ttr a ct ed t o w a rd s om e gir ls wh o c a m e t o t h e n or t h e rn
,

to wn i n wh i ch he l i ve d fr om the s ou th of E ngland ; th i s i s t he on ly t im e
he has e v e r fe l t a t t ra cte d t o w om en a n d t h e e mo tion w as n o t d ee p or
,

l a s t in g .

A t t h e ag e o f 14 h e w a s li vi ng a t a s ea s id e t o w n a n d u se d t o t a k e -

S ixpe nn y t rip s o n a s te a m e r It w as h e s ta tes o n one o f th es e trip s tha t

.
, ,

h e w a s fi rs t t orm en te d b y t h e gr ea t w i s h Whe n n ot su ff eri ng from

‘ ’
.

s e a s i ckn e ss t h e u p a nd do w n mo tio n o f t h e b o a t w o u l d s u gge s t t o h im

- -

th at a you ng m an l ov e r w a s lyi ng su pi ne a nd tha t he w as h im self ,

s i tti ng a s t rid e and m ast u rb a ti ng h im t he h eav i ng mo tion O f t he ,

b oa t s u gges ti ng c orres po ndi ng mo vem en ts o f t he y ou ng m a n E ver .

s in c e th en he d e cla re s my ini ti a tion i nt o u rn ing p as sion m ay h a ve b een

” “
, ,

s a id t o begi n T he b oa t w a s c a ll e d Th e F r i end s and h e a lw ay s rega rde d

”
.
,

i t as b e ing a m a le bo a t an ot h e r b oa t w i th a fem a le na m e h e neve r

e nte r e d o n th a t a cc o u n t Wh en I cou l d no t a ff ord f or wa nt o f po ck e t
“
.
,

money to b o ard Th e F ri end s I u se d to b e fran ti ca ll y j eal ou s of any girl s

,

— —
w h o di d im agi n i ng I b e i ng q u i t e a b oy th en th a t t he g irl s w ou l d b e
,

ta k ing S imi la r p l easu re from simi la r im agin a tions as I did I w as pa r .

t i c u l arl y p lea se d o n o ne o cc as ion I re m e m b e r wh en I f ou nd m an y fe m al es

, ,

sea s i ck a ft e r th e ir trip o n th a t b e a t
”
.

H e h a s alw ay s b een ve ry sh y o f s h ow ing h i s h om ose x u a l feel i ngs .

54 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

“
L ck i ly he w rites others are no t so shy for at o ne s ch ool one o f the
u , , ,

b oy s ( I w as 20 th en ) t oo k to m e s o m u ch tha t he u sed O fte n t o k iss m e ,

ev en be f or e t h e res t an d o n ce b y o u r s elv es ( h e c o m m ence d i t too ! ) w e

, ,

w en t thro u gh a portio n of th ose ce re mon i es wh i ch u nl i ke f el lati o or ,

p ced i ca ti o a re n o t r e p e l lent t o my p e r ha p s more es the t i c na tu re

, N e i the r .

i s m u tu a l m as tu rb a t ion ( w i th t h e righ t p ers on ) a t al l di sagreea ble to

me H ow e ver u nfort u na tely m y e ver ready j e a lo u sy ( hi s fa t her w as a
.
, ,
'

m u s i c ia n and I fea re d hi s son w ou ld b e w i th my ri vals the girls i n

, , ,

danci ng p la ces ) res u lte d i n a qu arre l w ith the resu lt th a t he Sh ow e d a ll

-

my s h or th a n d w ri tten l o ve le tte rs t o a no the r o f t he b oy s —t o wh om a ls o

,

- -

I had t au ght p h onogra ph y— and fu ss w as m a de o f i t H i s sh yness has .

”

rema ined and has a lw a ys b een a n a pp arently i nsu pe rable ob s ta cle i n the
,

w ay o f gra t i fyi ng hi s h om os ex u a l ten d enc i es H e m a st u rb a tes b u t o nl y .

,

oc ca siona lly p a rt ly from fear o f i ll e ff ects pa rtly becau se the pra ct i ce

, ,

gi v es h im no rea l sa ti s fa ction .

A s r egards the m e th od o f gra t i fica tio n h i s id eal has r e m a i ned t h a t ,

wh i ch w a s s u gges ted du ri ng h i s b oyi s h t rip s on th e steam b oa t F el la ti o -

.
“

a nd p aed i ca ti o he w ri te s a re r e p e l l e n t t o m e th o u g h my d e s ire s wh e n
, , , ,

a ro u se d a re a s pot e n t as anyo ne s Als o I a m no t so m u ch a ttra cte d b y

’
, .

t he na k e d form as b y th a t of a yo u ng m an ( w i th o u t bea rd wh i s kers or , ,

o th er h irsu te app endages on the fa ce ) e i the r i n a smooth bl ac k dress ,

S u i t or e l s e w i th th e c oa t a nd v e s t bl ack a nd t h e tr o u se rs d a r k gra y

s moo th a nd w i th bl a ck s t rip es—n o t sq u a re ch e ck s

,

, ( 1 a m m erel y S p eak .

i ng o f my u rn i ng d es i re w i th o u t t he love for in t he l a tte r c as e m y fee l ,

i ngs w ou l d b e j u s t as s trong wh a te ve r t he dress w ere ) My des ires are .

onl y ca ll e d for th b y you ng m en or b oys nev e r by middle age d m en over ,

-

for ty Y o u ng so ldi ers v olu nteers et c are very attra ct i ve to h im

.
”
, ,
.
, .

H e i s v ery j ea l o u s o f w om en a nd t h e th ou ght O f the gra t i fica t ion ,

obtai ned b y w omen i n se x u a l c onne ction w i th m en i s a c ons ta n t t orm en t ,

a lm os t a n obs essio n w i th h im H i s mind i s m u ch ex erc i se d b y s t ori e s

, .

he has h ea rd o f w om e n for c i ng m e n t o gi v e th e m se xu a l grat i fica t io n .

Th e envy and j ea l o u s y he w ri t e s th a t I e xpe ri e nce at th e mere idea

“ “
, ,

of c onnec tion betw een w i sh y ‘

des i rable from an u rni ng poi nt o f
’

V ie w ) you ng m en and fem ales ( es pe ci ally i f as i n s ome fe w ca ses th a t ,

I h av e h ear d of the fem al e s be ing s tronger h av e for ced th e m al e to

, , ,

l i e d ow n an d gi v e th e m sa ti s fa ction ) i s su ch a h e ll t o m e e v e n t o th i nk ,

o f th a t I c an s ca r cel y bea r to h e a r th ese rem a rk s S u ch fem al es S h ou ld

,
.

b e mo s t se v e re l y p u n i s h e d b y l a w I m ay rema rk th a t I am no w om an .

hater ap art from su ch cases and O ften l i ke th eir s oc ie ty w ell en ou gh

,
.

B u t th e y m u st n o t e xp e ct any gall a nt ry O pe n i ng o f doors t a k i n g o fl o f

'

, ,

h ats and s o on from m e Th ese atte nt ions are only sex u al at t he f ou nd a

,
.

ti on and no tru e u rni ng w ou l d feel th e neces s i ty for th em

,
.
”

To s om e ex ten t C M s h omose xu al feel i ng S h ow s a tra ce of mas o

. .
’

chi sm for he rema rk s th at the th ou ght o f w omen trying t o force men

,
 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N I N MEN . 55

to sex u a l ex c ite m en t th ou gh v ery te rri ble prod u c es an ere cti o n th o u gh

, , ,

no t o f a p leas u r a bl e k i n d A fri end tells m e he rem arks th a t i f a ” “

.
, ,

m a n w e re u n w i ll i ng a w om an c o u l d f or c e an e re ct ion on h im and t h e
, ,

d egra d a tion w ou l d be l e s s i f they c o u l d no t I do n t k no w h o w i t i s bu t .

’

I alw ays fanc i ed th at the y c o u l d w i th m e t he more u nw i lli ng I w as th e ,

m ore e a s il y a nd s o m ak e t h e di sgra c e a l l t h e w or se
, The e re ct io n w o u ld .

b e cau s ed no t b y p a ss io n f or t he fe m a l e b u t b y t h e t h ou gh t o f b e i ng
, ,

forced agai ns t one s w i ll b y t he w ea ke r sex ’ ‘

.
’

C M has a lw ays bee n th o u ght e ccent ri c and odd H e c anno t wh i s tle

. . .

or p lay ro u g h ga mes H e i s acc u sed o f drea miness and inat ten tion to
.
“

bu s iness m atters and has al w ays b een very u nlu ck y in pe cu nia ry and
”
,

oth e r m a tte rs T h i s and hi s l ov e disa ppoin tm ents h ave gi ven h im

.
,
“ -
”
,

t he feel i ng th a t h i s l i fe i s s poi lt H e s u ff er s from ne rv o u s nes s a nd m el an .

che l y and ha s w h at he de s c ri be s as frequ en t w ea k fa int l i k e c ollap se s

,
“
, ,
-
.
”

H e h ab i tu all y ta ke s morp h i a i n orde r t o esc ap e hi s w orri e s ,

.

H e i s a free th i n k i ng s piri t i s t a nd th e o so p h i s t an d s om e wh a t
-

m e di u mi sti c H e b e l i eve s i n c ry s ta llom ancy an d crys ta l gazi ng an d

.
-
,

w ou ld m u ch l i k e t o as cer ta i n h i s fu tu re desti n y .

A lth o u g h he ha s su ff ered so m u ch from u nsa t i sfie d h om osex u al d e

s ires h e sa y s th a t h e w o u l d n o t b e pre v e n te d from b e i ng an inv e rt b y
,

any c o ns ide r at io n A s rega rd s the mora l as pe ct s o f t h e m atte r he w ri te s :

.
,
“
I hate mora li s ts T he only w i cke dnes s l ogi call y sp ea k i ng i s a ct i ng
.
, ,

w rongl y to o the rs O u r pa ssions and des ires are imp la nted b y D e i ty or

.

N a tu re e i the r o f wh om or b ot h m u s t t a ke t he bl a m e i f th e re b e a ny
, , ,
.

Indeed th ere i s on t he par t o f t h e P lan te r i n th os e cases wh ere he w i ll

, , ,

n o t a ll o w th e m t o b e g r a ti fi e d .

T he xt c as e m ay be r egard ed as c ongeni t al ; th er e is n o
ne

ev id en c e wh at ev er o f th e pr es e n c e o f th e n orm al i n s t in ct at any
‘

p eriod o f l i fe I n th is c ase th e s ex u al i n s t in ct is prob abl v no t

.

v ery st rongl y d eve l op ed .

CA S E I V —O f L o wl a nd S c o tch p a re nt age B o th S ides o f h o u se

. .

hea lth y and w i th ou t ce reb ra l or ner vo u s di sease H om osexu al des ires

, .

began at pu be rt y H e prac ti ce d on an is m to a l imi ted exten t at s ch o o l

.

a n d u p t o t he ag e o f a b o u t 2 2 H i s e ro ti c dre a m s a re e x cl u s i ve ly a b o u t .

ma les Wh i le very fri endly a n d intim ate w i th w om en o f al l ages he i s

.
,

i ns ta ntl y repel le d b y any di s p la y o f se x u al a ff e ct ion on th e ir s ide T h i s .

has h a pp ene d i n v a rying degree i n th re e or f ou r c a se s W i t h regard t o .

m arri age he r em a r k s A s th ere s ee m s no imm edi a te da ng e r O f th e r a c e

“
, :

dying o u t I lea ve m arriage t o t h ose wh o l ik e i t

, H i s m a l e id ea l has .
”

va ri ed t o s ome ex ten t It has f or som e y ea rs ten ded t owa rd a h ealth y.

,
56 S EXUAL I N VER S I O N .

w el l devel oped athleti c or ou t of do or w ork i ng typ e in te l l igen t and sym

-
,
- -
,

p a th e t i c b u t
, n o t s p ec i a l l y in te lle ct u a l .

A t s ch oo l h i s se x u a l rela t ions w ere o f the S imp les t t yp e S in ce t h e n .

there ha ve been none T h i s he sa ys is not d u e e i th er to abse n ce o f

.
“
,
“

des ire or presence o f morals To p u t i t s h ortly there w e re never th e

‘
.
,
‘

t im e a nd th e p lac e a nd t he l ov ed o ne t ogethe r I n an o th er v i e w p h y s i ca l
’
.
,

des ire and general a ff ecti o n have no t a lw ays c O exi s ted to wa rd t he sa me -

p ers on ; and the former w i t h ou t t he la tte r i s c ompara ti vely trans ient ;

w hi le the la tte r s top s the gra ti fica tion o f the form er i f i t i s fe lt tha t tha t ,

gra t i fica tion c ou l d i n any w a y m a ke t he obj ect o f a ff ec tion u nh a ppy ,

m enta lly or emo tiona ll y .

”

H e i s h ea lth y a nd fa irl y w el l dev e l ope d ; of s ens i t i v e emo t iona l ,

na t u r e b u t s elf c o n trolle d ;
,
-
m entally h e i s re c ep t i ve and aggress i ve b y
tu rns s ome tim es u n c ri ti cal so me t im es analyt i cal H i s te mpe r i s equ able
, , .
,

a n d he i s s t rong l y a ff ect io na te V e ry f ond o f m u s i c and t h e o th e r a r ts

.
,

b u t n o t h ighly im agina t iv e .

O f s e xu a l i nv e rs ion i n t h e ab s tra ct he sa y s he has no v i e w s b u t ,

h e th u s su m s u p h i s mora l a tti t u de I presu m e tha t i f i t i s th ere i t “

: , ,

i s t h ere for u se or ab u se as m en p l ea s e I c on de m n gra ti fica t ion o f b odi l y

,
.

de s ire a t the exp e nse o f o the rs i n wha teve r f orm i t m a y ta ke I c ondem n , .

i t no more in i ts i nv erte d f orm th an i n t h e ordi na ry I b e l i e ve that a ff ec .

tion be tw ee n pers ons of t he sam e sex ev en wh en i t i nclu des th e se x u al ,

p as s ion a nd i ts in du lgence m a y lea d to res u l ts as s p lendid a s h u m an

,

n a tu re c a n e v e r a tta in to I n s h or t I p la ce i t o n a n ab s o lu te eq u a l i t y
.
,

w i th l o ve as ordinaril y u nders tood .

”

A —
C S E V F a th e r and mo th e r w ere firs t c ou s ins b u t o f hea lth y
.
,

s t o ck . H e i s h im se lf a m a n o f fai r p hys i qu e b u t h ighl y nerv o u s H e is , .

s ymp a th et i c pa s s ion a te a n d e x t re m e l y a ff e ct io nat e

, , H e i s im agi na t i v e .
,

w i th a rti sti c taste s Ho mosex u al des ires app ea re d abo u t the t ime o f
.

p u be rty Wh en a t s ch oo l he i nd u lge d mod eratel y in m a s tu rba tion b u t

.
,

nev e r a fte r w a rd H i s e rot i c dre a m s are o f m a l es a nd v ery frequ en t

.
,
.

H e i s v ery good fri e nds w i th w ome n b u t h as s t ro ng rep u l s ion fr om ,

s e x u a l r el a t io n s w i th th e m or a ny approa ch to i t Marriage w ou l d b e
,
.

qu i te impos s ible t o h im e x c ep t as a m atte r o f c onveni ence i n h o u se keep

,
-

i ng a nd o n c o ndi tio n o f e x cl u di ng t he se x u a l s ide alt o ge th e r

,
T h e m a l es .

he i s att ra cte d to a re o f d i fl ere n t typ e s and cl a s se s b u t genera ll y yo u nge r

'

m en . T h e se x u al re l a t ions h ip h a s i n no c as e i nv ol ved venus avers a .

F rom t h e mo ra l poi nt o f v i ew h e rega rd s n orm a l a nd i nv e r ted se x u a l i t y

a s alt oge th e r on a p ar .

O f th e n ex t c as e I am un abl e t o gi v e d et ai l s B u t i t is w ell .

w orth i n t rod u c in g as i t i ll u st rat es th e t erribl e s t r u ggl e wh i ch

,

som et im es t ak es p l ac e in a m an w h os e fu nd am en t al an d i rre
 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N I N MEN . 57

inst in ct s are utt er ly oppos ed t o h is onl y l ess fu nd am en t al

si sti bl e

moral c on v i ct ions .

CA S E VI .
—P h y s i c i an ,
un m a rr ie d , E ng l is h
r tha t ,
a ged 60 . F l
ee s su e

i n hi s o w n c as e h e redi ty m u s t b e t h e c a u s e H i s fa th e r su ff e re d from .

sev e re a tta ck s O f m e la n ch o l i a ; h e h im se lf from t he ag e o f 1 3 14 w i th o u t ,

-

a ny e x c i te m en t o f a n ex tern a l k i nd a n d w i th e v e ry good i n fl u e n c e a ro u n d
,

h im and a s ev ere hea rt felt s triv ing on h i s o w n par t afte r al l tha t w as

,
-

goo d ne ver th ele ss felt th is i nsti nct form a nd g e t s trength w i th in h im

,
.

P ray e r s st ru ggle s a l l m e ans u se d w e re o f n o a v a i l

, ,
Th e th o u ghts th e .
,

imagin a tion re ma ined b en t i n one fix e d dire ct io n

,
.

H i s h as b ee n a mi se ra bl e l i fe D e a t h e v e n i f i t m e an t n o th i ng b u t
.
,

a p as s age i n t o n o th i ngne ss h e sa y s w o u l d b e a th o u s a n d t im e s pr e fe r
, ,

a bl e. A s t o i nv e s t iga t i ng t he s u b j e ct s c i e n t i fica ll y n o th i ng c o u l d c om e ,

o f i t T h ere are so m any de v i a tion s fro m t he norma l me nta l and m o ral

.
,

( wh o i n d ee d i s w i th o u t
, ,
a nd y e t th e y do n o t c on s t i t u te in s a n i t y .

Th i s he regards a s one o f them .

I n an o th e r c omm u ni c a t io n h e sa y s : If al l t he mi s erable h ou rs o f
w ret ch ed ness and des pa ir c ou ld b e co u n ted u p wh i ch I h av e s u ff e re d i n
my l i fe th ey w ou ld form a h e ll E v en no w I ca nn ot de c ide for myse lf
, .

h o w f a r one i s e xa ctly acc ou n table for morb id i ns ti n cts and fe el i ng from

wh i ch no pra yer s n o s tru ggle c a n de l iver one My o w n opin ion i s tha t
, , .

i n o ne w ay or an o t h er no o n e i s bla m e l e ss b u t th a t th e re i s gre a t di ff e r ,

en c e i n t h e mora l n a tu r e a nd th a t i n t h e c as e o f a gr e a t m an y p ers on s
,

s t a i n s are n o t fe lt a s st ai ns
”
.

T he th e
’
n ex t th r ee c ases are t o l d m ain ly in s u b j ect s o wn

w ords .

CA S E V I I My p aren tage i s v e ry sou nd a n d h ea l t h y Both m y

. .

pa rents ( wh o b el ong t o the pro fess iona l midd le cla s s ) h av e goo d gene ra l
h eal t h ; nor can I t ra ce any m ark e d ab n orm al or di se as ed tend en c y o f ,

m i n d or b ody i n a ny re c ord s o f t he fa mi l y
,
.

T h ou gh o f a strongl y nerv ou s te mp eram ent myself and se ns i ti v e

“
, ,

m y h e a lth i s good I am not aw a re of a ny tend en c y to p h ys i cal di sease

. .

I n e a r l y m a nh oo d h o w ev e r o w i ng I b e l i e v e t o t h e grea t e mo t iona l t en
, , , ,

s ion u n d e r wh i ch I l i v ed my n erv o u s s y s t e m w as a good d ea l s h a t t e re d

,

a nd e x h au st e d Me nta ll y a nd mora ll y my n a tu re i s pre tty w ell b al an c ed

.
,

a n d I h a v e nev e r h a d an y s e riou s p e rt u rb a t ion s i n t h e se d e p a rt m e n t s .

A t the ag e o f 8 or 9 and l ong b efore dis tin ct sex u a l fee l ings d e

“
,

c l ared th e m s e lv e s I felt a fri end l y a ttra ction to w a rd my o w n sex an d

, ,

th i s de velope d after t he ag e o f p u ber ty i nt o a pass ionate sense of l ov e ,

wh i ch h ow ever nev er fou nd any ex press ion f or i tself til l I w as fu ll y 20

, ,
58 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

y ears of I w as a d ay b oa rde r at sc h oo l and heard l i ttle O f Sc h ool

ag e .
-

ta lk on sex su bj e cts w as v ery reserve d and modes t b es ides ; no e lder

,

p ers on or pa ren t ev er spo ke to m e on su ch m a tters ; a nd t he p ass ion f or

my ow n sex devel ope d grad u a lly u t te r ly u ni nfl u e nc ed from t he ou ts ide , .

I neve r even du ring al l th is pe riod and ti ll a goo d dea l l a te r learne d the

, , ,

practi ce of m a stu rba tion My o w n s ex u a l na tu re w a s a mystery to m e

. .

I fou n d my se lf c u t o ff fro m th e u nders ta ndi ng o f oth ers fe lt myself a n ,

ou tcast and w i th a h ighly l ov i ng and cli nging te mpe ra m ent w as i n

, , ,

a n —
te nsely mi se rable I th ou ght bo u t my m ale fri e ds s ome tim es b oys o f
my o wn ag e s om etim es eld er b oys a nd on ce even a m as te r—d u ri ng t h e
.

, ,

d a y and dr ea m e d a b o u t t he m a t nig ht bu t w as t oo c on v in ce d th at I w as ,

a h op e l es s mons t r os i ty ev e r t o m a k e a ny e ff e ct u a l a d v a n c es L a te r o n .

i t w as mu ch t he sa m e b u t gra du all y th ou gh S l owly I ca m e to find tha t

, , ,

th ere w ere o thers l i ke myself I m ad e a fe w spec ia l fri en ds and at las t.

,

i t came to m e o ccas iona lly t o S leep w i th them and t o sa t i s fy my imp erio u s

n ee d b y m u tu a l e m b ra c es a nd e mi s s ion s Befo re t h is h a ppened h o w e ver .
, ,

I w as onc e or tw i ce on t he b ri n k o f de sp a ir and ma d ne ss w i th repres se d

pa ss ion and to rm ent .

“
Mean w hi le f rom t he fi rs t my fee l i ng ph y s i ca lly to w a rd the fe ma le
, , , ,

se x w a s o ne o f i ndi ff ere n c e an d l a t e r o n w i th t h e more s p e c i a l d e v e l op

, ,

men t o f sex des ires o ne o f po s i t iv e rep u l s ion T h o u gh h av ing se vera l

,
’
.

fem ale fri ends wh ose so c i ety I li k e an d to wh om I am s i ncere ly a ttach ed

, ,

t h e th ou ght o f m a rri ag e or c o h a b i ta t io n w i th an y su ch h a s a lw ay s b ee n
od io u s t o m e .

A s a b oy I w a s a tt ra cte d i n gen e ral b y b oy s ra th e r ol de r th a n

“
,

my self ; a fter le a v ing s ch oo l I s t ill fell i n l o ve i n a rom an t i c v e i n w i th , ,

c omrades o f my o w n s t ndi g a n N o w — a a —
t t he ge o f 3 7 m y idea l o f l o v e
.

i s a p o w erfu l s t rongl y b u i lt m a n o f my o w n age or r a th e r y ou ng e r

,
-
,

pre ferably o f the w ork i ng class T h ou gh h a v i ng sol id se n s e a nd c h ara cte r

.
,

h e nee d no t b e s p e c i a ll y i ntell ec tu a l If endo w ed i n t he la tte r w ay he .

,

m u s t not b e too gl ib or re fined Any th i ng efiem i na te i n a m an or any .

'

th ing o f the chea p i ntellectu a l s ty le repels m e ve ry de ci s iv el y , .

“
I haVe ne ve r had to d o w i th a ctu a l p ed eras ty SO calle d M y ch ie f ,
”

des ire i n l ov e is b odil y nea rne ss or c on ta ct as t o s lee p naked w i th a ,

n a k e d f ri en d ; t h e s p e c i a ll y sexu al th o u gh u rgen t e n o u gh se ems a s ec , ,

o n d ary m a tte r P e de ra sty ei th e r a c t i v e or p as s i v e mig ht s ee m i n p l a c e

.
, ,

to m e w i th one I l oved ve ry dev o te dly a nd wh o a lso l ov ed m e to th a t

d egree ; b u t I th i nk not oth er w i se I a m an arti st b y temp e ram ent and .

ch oi ce f on d of al l b eau t i fu l th ings es pe c i all y th e m ale hu man form ;

, ,

of a ct i ve s light mu s cu lar b u i ld ; a n d sympath eti c b u t s om ewh a t i nde

, , ,

c isive,
cha ra cter tho u gh p osses s i ng self c on t rol
,
-
.

“
I cann o t rega rd my sexu al fe el i ngs as u nnatu ra l or ab norm al s i nce ,

th ey h av e di s cl o s e d th em selv es s o p erfe ctl y na tu ra lly a nd s p on taneou sl y

w i th in m e A ll tha t I have rea d i n b ooks or hea rd spo ke n ab ou t the
.
 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N I N MEN . 59

ordi na ry se xu a l lov e i ts ty ,
io l i f lo ng dev o t ion l ov e
intens i and pas s n, e -

at fir s t S ig ht e t c , s ee m s t o m e t o b e eas i l y ma tch e d b y my o w n ex p eri

.
,

ences i n t h e h omos e x u a l f orm ; a nd w i th regard t o t he mora l i ty o f th is ,

c omp le x s u bj ect my fee ling i s th at i t i s the same as S h ou l d pre va i l i n

,

love be tween m an an d w om an nam el y : tha t no b odi ly sa ti s fa c t i o n S h ou l d

,

b e so u ght a t t he c os t o f a no th e r p e rs on s di s t ress or degra d a t ion I am ’

.

su r e th a t th i s k i n d o f l o v e i s n o tw i th s ta n di n g t h e p h y s i c a l di ffic u lt i e s
,

that a tten d i t as deep ly s tirring and enn o bl ing as t he other k ind i f n o t

, ,

more so ; a nd I th in k t h a t for a p erfect rela t ionsh ip the a ctu al sex gra ti

fic a t i o ns ( wh a te v e r the y m a y b e ) prob a bly h ol d a les s impor ta n t p l a c e -

i n th i s l ov e tha n i n t h e o th er .

CA S E V III — M N aged 30 My grandfa ther might b e sa id t o b e

. . .

o f a b norm a l t e mp e r a m ent f or th o u g h o f v e ry h u m ble o rig i n h e o rga n ize d

, , ,

a n d c a rri e d o u t a n e x t r e m e l y a rd u o u s mi s s io n w or k a nd b e c a m e a n a c

comp l is he d li ngu i s t tra ns lat ing t he B ible i nt o an E as te rn t ongu e and c om

,

pi l ing the firs t di ct ionary o f th a t la ngu age H e die d pra c t i ca ll y o f e v e r .

,

w ork at t he ag e o f 4 5 H e w a s tw i ce m arrie d my fa the r be i ng h i s th ird

, .
,

s o n b y t h e sec o n d w i fe I b e l i ev e tha t tw o i f not more of t h e fami l y

.
, ,

( nu m b eri ng s e v en i n a l l ) w e re i nv e rt ed a nd t h e on l y o ne o f th e m t o ,

m a rry w as m y fa th e r My g ra ndmo th er w a s t he la s t repre sen ta t i ve o f

.

an o l d an d v e ry w i l d Iri sh fa mi l y S he di ed a t a n adv ance d age o f

“
.

p ara lys i s My fa th er w a s 36 a nd my mo the r 2 1 a t t he time o f the ir

.
,

m arria ge I w a s b orn t h ree ye a rs a fte r and w a s th eir only ch il d T he

. .

m a rri age proved a mos t u nh a ppy o ne th ey b e in g u tte rly u nsu i te d t o ,

ea ch ot h e r i n e v e ry w ay .

“
My fa th e r s h ea lth d u ri ng th e first years of h i s m arri age w a s v ery
’

de l i cate an d I ha ve rea son t o b e l ieve th a t i t ha d been u nde rmi ne d i n

,

ce r ta i n w a ys b y hi s l i fe ab road I u nd er stan d I w as b orn w i th s l ight .

gonorrh ea] a ff e ction and as a ch i l d my h ea lth w a s very i ndi ff e ren t T h i s

,
.

la tte r m ay h av e b een b rou ght ab ou t b y t he pe cu l iarly u n ha ppy a nd nu

na tu ra l li fe I l ed I ha d n o c ompan i on s O f my o w n ag e a n d did n o t
.
,

e v e n a tten d an y s ch oo l t il l a ft e r my mo th e r s d e a th My fa the r s u p e ri n ’
.

ten ded my edu ca t ion u p t o th a t tim e and I h a d free a cce ss t o a la rge ,

a nd v e ry v a ri ed l i b r a ry a n d a gre a t d ea l o f s o l i t a ry l e i su r e t o e njoy i t i n .

Th ere w e re a nu mber of m e di ca l an d sc ien ti fic b ook s i n i t wh i ch w e re my ,

pri nc ip a l fa v ori tes an d I rem e mbe r de c idi ng at a ve ry ea rly ag e to b e a

,

do ct or Wh en a b ou t fiv e yea rs o l d I reco llect h a v i ng a s ex u a l drea m

.

c onne c ted w i th a rai lw a y porter It a ff orde d m e grea t p leasu re t o reca ll

-
.

th i s dream an d ab ou t th at t im e I di sc ov ered a m et h od o f self gra t i fic a

,
-

tio n ( the re i s n o t m u ch tea ch i ng re qu ired i n the s e “ ”

“
I c an no t sa y th a t the dre a m I h av e m ent ione d c ons ti tu te d ab s o
l u tel y t he fi rs t i n t im a tion o f i nv e r te d fe e l i n g b u t r a th e r th a t i t c ry s tal ,

l i ze d v ag u e id ea s wh i ch I might h a v e a l re a dy h a d o n t h e s u bj ec t I c an .

re c o ll e ct th a t wh e n a b ou t b e tw ee n 3 an d 4 y ea r s o f ag e a you ng fell o w o f
60 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

a b ou t 20 cam e t o ou r h ou se sev eral t imes as a v i s ito r H e w as fond of .

ch i l dren I s u ppo se and I generall y sat on hi s k nee and w as k i sse d b y

,

h im T h i s w as a s ou r ce o f great p l ea su re t o m e b u t I cann ot rem em be r

.
,

i f i t w as a cc omp an ied b y ere ct ion I c an only reca ll t h a t hi s atte nt ion

.

a nd c a res ses m a de a gr e a te r impres s io n u pon m e th a n th os e o f w om en .

When ab ou t tha t age too I w as ofte n a rou se d wh en S lee p i ng w i th my

m othe r and t ol d no t t o l ie o n my fa ce I rem e mb er t h at ere ction w as
,
.

a lw ay s p re s en t o n th e se o cc as io ns Th e dr ea m w a s t he firs t o f m any o f
.

i t s k i n d a nd i n my c ase th ey h a v e ne v er be en a cc om pan i e d b y e mi s s i on
,
.

T h ey ha v e alw ays be en of an inv er te d ch ara c te r th ou gh I have oc ca ”

,

s i o na lly h a d drea m s a bo u t w om en T hese la tter h o w ever have us u a ll y

.
, ,

pa rta ken s om ewh a t o f t he na tu re o f night mar e !

U p t o t he ag e o f 14 I fe lt m u ch pe rp le xed and de pre ss e d b y my
v iew s on se xu a l desire and w as c onvi nce d tha t they w e re pec u l ia r t o
,

my self T h i s c om b ine d w i t h the s ol i ta ry c ondi ti on o f my l i fe a nd ab ou t

.
, ,

f ou r yea rs c ont i n u ed i ll trea tm en t prior to my mo th er s dea th ( she had

’ ’

gi ven w a y t o drin k for tha t p eri od ) had a ve ry i nj u ri o u s e ff e ct o n my

h ea lth m enta l and b od i ly L ook i ng b a ck from my p resen t point o f v ie w
,
.
,

I c a n u nders ta n d and forgi ve m any t h ings wh ich app eare d m ons trou s an d
u nj u s t t o m e a s a ch i l d My mo th er s l i fe m u s t h a v e been a v ery u nh a ppy
.
’

o n e a n d s he w a s b i tt e r l y di s a ppoi n te d i n m a n y w ay s v e ry l i kel y i n m e
, ,

a s w e ll My u n fort u n ate mi s u nders t ood te mpe ra m en t l ed m e t o b e S hy

.
,

a nd s e c r e t i v e a nd I w a s o ft e n a i l i n g a n d my t ra i n i ng w a s n o t c a lc u l a te d
, ,

t o improve m atte rs A t las t h oa er change an d freed o m ca m e and I

.
, , ,

w a s s en t t o a b oa rdin g sc h oo l H ere o f co u rse I s oo n m e t w i th a tta ch

-
.
, ,

m ents and gra t ific a ti ons w i th other b oys I a rri ved a t p u be rty a nd my .
,

h ealth improv ed u nde r h appie r s u rrou ndings I w as no t long i n disc o ver .

i ng t h a t my c o mpa nio ns v ie w e d t he p lea su re s th a t m eant so m u ch t o m e

from an e ntirel y di ff eren t s ta n d poi nt T h e ir g ra t ific a ti o ns were u su a lly
-
.

a cc omp a ni e d b y co nv e r sa t ion a b o u t a n d a g e n e r a l dire ction o f th ou ght

,

t o w a rd fe m a les,
Wh en I had tu rne d 15 o w ing to moneta ry difficu l t ie s
.
,

I w as obliged t o le ave s ch ool a nd w as s oon not only t h ro w n o n my

,

o w n r es o u r c es b u t ac cou n tabl e t o no one b u t myse lf f or my c o nd u ct

,
.

O f c ou r se my nex t dis c o v ery w a s th a t my case so f ar f rom b e ing

, ,

pe cu l i ar w a s a mos t c ommon one and I w as qu i ckly ini t ia te d into

, ,

al l t h e my s t e ri e s o f i nv e rs io n w i th i t s free m a s o n ry a nd a rgo t A lt o ‘ ’
.
,

ge th e r my e xp eri enc e o f i nv e rts has be en a pretty w ide and vari ed one ,

and I h a ve alw a ys endeav o re d to clas s i fy and c o m pa re cases wh i ch

h av e c ome u nder m y n oti c e w i th a v i e w to a rri v i ng a t s om e s or t of
c on cl u s ion or exp lana tion .

I su ppose i t i s d u e to fe ma le ve rsa ti li ty or impressi b i l i ty tha t i t i s

“

po ss ible for m e t o exp e ri en ce mentall y t he em o tions a ttri bu table to e ithe r

s ex ,
a cc ordi ng t o t h e a g e a nd te mp e ra m e n t o f my c omp a n io n ; f or i n
s t a n c e w i th o n e o l d e r th a n my s e lf po s s e s s i ng w e ll m a r ke d m a l e ch a ra c
, ,
-
 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N I N MEN . 61

t eri s t i c s ,I am able t o fee l al l that su rren der a nd dep en den ce wh i ch i s so

es se n t i a ll y fe mi n i ne O n t h e o the r h a n d i f w i th a you th o f fe mi n i ne
.
,

type an d b eh av ior I c a n real ize w ith a n equ a l amou n t O f p leasu re t h e , ,

tender ye t dominant a tt i tu de O f t he ma le
, ,
.

I e xp eri en ce no p a rti cu la r h orr or o f w om en sexu a lly I sh ou l d

“ ‘ ’
.

im agi ne th a t my fee li ng to w ard th em resem bles very m u ch wh a t n orm a l

p e op le fee l w i th rega rd to o th ers o f th e ir o w n sex Amo ng t h e la tte r .
,

es p e c i a ll y i n t he cas e O f th o se w i th wh om se x u a l i ty i s a s t ro n gl y m a r k e d

fea tu re the re e xi sts a feel in g o f antagoni s m a s be tw een m a n a nd m a n

,

a nd w om a n a nd w om an b ase d prob abl y o n in st i n ct i v e sex ri val ry an d

,
-

j e a l ou sy wh i ch i s s u fli c i ent not only t o O cca s io n m u ch o f t he re pu g nance

,

an d odi u m wh i ch a tt a ch e s t o i nv er s io n ge n e r a ll y b u t i n i t s e lf t o c re a t e ,

a c e r ta i n a mo u n t o f h orror T h u s I h a ve he a rd a prono u nce d w om an

.

l ov e r rem a rk th a t he considere d a na k ed m a n t o b e th e mos t di sgu sti ng ‘

s p e ct ac l e on e a r th a nd th i s feel i n g i s i f a ny th i n g mor e s t ro ng l y e v i n c e d
’
, , ,

a s b e tw e en w o m e n It i s a qu es tion wh e th er i t i s n o t stro ng en o u gh i n
.

m an y ca ses to a c t a s a deterren t from se lf gra t i fic a ti on M N rem a rk s -

.
”
. .

th at he cann ot wh i s tle an d th a t hi s fa v ori te co l or i s green , .

I th is c ase th e sub j ect easi l y fou n d a moral m od u s vi vend i

n

wi th hi s i n v ert ed ins t in ct an d h e t ak es i t s grat i fic at ion f o r ,

gr an t ed I n th e th ree f o ll o w i n g c as es wh i ch I b el i ev e are
.
, , ,

typi c al o f a l arg e group th e sub j e ct s h av e n ever yi el d ed t o th eir ,

in v e r t e d imp u l s es an d ex c ep t so f ar as m as t u rb at ion is c on
, ,

c ern ed h av e pr es erv e d st ri ct ch ast i t y

,
.

CAS E —
IX R
S age d 3 1 Am e ri c an o f F re nch des c en t
. . .
, ,
U po n t h e ,
.

qu es tion O f h er edi ty I m ay say tha t I b el ong to a reas onabl y h ea lth y ,

pro l i fic and long l i ve d fa mil y O n my fa t h er s S ide h ow ev e r th e re i s a

,
-
.
’
, ,

tenden cy to w ard p u l mona ry t rou bl es H e h im self di ed o f pneu mon i a .

,

a n d tw o o f h i s b ro th e rs a n d a n e p h e w o f c o n s u mp t ion N e i th e r o f my .

p aren ts w ere mor bid or e c c ent ri c Ex cep t ing for a c er ta i n sh yness w i th .

s t r a nge r s my fa th e r w a s a v ery m a s c u l i ne m an
, My mo th e r i s som e wh a t .

n e r v o u s b u t i s n o t im agi na t i v e n or at a l l d e mon s tr a t i ve i n he r a ff e ct io n s
, , .

I th ink th a t my ow n im ag i nat ion an d arti st i c temp eram en t m u st c om e

from my fath er s s ide P erh ap s my F ren ch an cestry has s om eth ing t o
’
.

d o w i th i t W i th t he e x c e p tion o f my m a te r nal gr n d fa th e r al l my pro

. a ,

geni tors ha ve b een o f F ren ch des cent My moth e r s fa th er w a s E ngl i s h .

’
.

I po ss e ss a m e r cu ri a l tem p era m e n t and a s tro ng sense o f t h e l u di

“

c ro u s .Th ou gh my p hysi qu e i s S l ight my h ea lth h as alw ay s b ee n ex c e l ,

l e n t O f l a te ye ars es p ec i all y I h a v e be en grea tl y gi ven t o i n tro s p ect io n

.

and s elf s c r u t i n y
-
b u t h av e nev e r h ad a ny h all u c in a t io n s m en ta l d el u
, ,

si on s n or h y ste ri c s and am no t at al l su pe r s ti tiou s

, , S piri t u al i sti c man i .
 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

f es ta t i o ns , h yp noti c dabbl i ngs and t he othe r ps y ch i ca l fa ds o f the d ay

,

ha ve l i ttle or n o a ttra ctio n f or m e I n fa ct I h ave a lw a ys been s kep ti cal .

,

o f th em and they rather b ore m e

,
.

A t sch oo l I w a s an i ndolent drea my b oy sh irk ing st u dy b u t o th er

“
, , ,

w i se fa irl y do c ile t o my teach ers F r o m ear l ies t ch i ld h ood I h ave i ndu lged .

i n om ni v oro u s t a s te f or r eadi ng my p a r t i c u l ar l i k i ng s b e i ng for t ra v e l s

, ,

es th e t i c s m eta p h y s i ca l a nd the ol ogi c a l su bj ect s a nd more re centl y f or

, ,

poet ry a n d ce rta i n f orm s o f mys ti c i s m I neve r ca re d m u ch for h i s t ory .

or f or s c ie nt i fic su bj e ct s F rom t he begi nning t oo I S h o w ed a s tro ng a r

.
, ,

t i s ti c be n t and po s s e s se d a n o v e rpo w e ri ng l o v e f or a l l th i ngs be a u t i fu l

,
.

A s a ch i l d I w a s p a s s io n a tel y f o n d o f flo w e rs l o v e d t o b e i n th e w ood s
, ,

and a l o ne and w a n te d t o b e c om e a n a rt i s t
,
My p a re nt s oppo s e d t h e .

la tter w i s h a nd I ga ve w ay be fore the ir oppo s i t io n

,
.

I n m e the h omo se x u a l na t u re i s s i ngu l a rl y c omp le te and i s u n

“
,

dou bted l y c ongeni ta l The mos t i n ten se del igh t of my ch il d h oo d ( even

.

whe n a ti ny boy i n a n u rse s ch arge ) w as t o w atch ac rob a ts a nd riders ’

a t t h e c irc u s T h i s w a s n ot so m u ch for the sk i llfu l feats as on a cc ou n t

.

o f th e b eau t y o f t h e ir pe rs ons E v e n th en I ca re d ch i e fly f or t h e more

‘
.

l i the and grace fu l fell ow s P e op le told m e tha t c ircu s ac tors we re w i cke d

.
-

an d w ou l d ste a l l i ttl e b oy s and s o I ca m e t o l oo k u po n my fa v ori te s a s

,

h alf dev i l and half angel Wh en I w as O lder and c o u l d go ab o u t al one

- -
.
,

I w ou ld O ften h ang a ro u nd t he ten t s O f trav el i ng sh ow s i n h O pe o f catch

i ng a gl imp se o f the a ct or s I l onged to see the m naked w i th ou t their
.
,

t ights and u sed t o l i e a w ake at n ight th i nk i ng of th em a n d l onging

, ,

t o b e l o v e d and em b ra ced b y the m A certa in b areba ck ride r a s ort o f .

-
,

j o c k y ,
u s e d e s pe c i a ll y t o p l ea s e m e o n a cco u n t O f h i s h a n d s om e l egs wh i ch ,

w ere cl o th ed i n fl eshl i ngs u p t o hi s wa is t leav ing h i s beau ti fu l l oi n s nu ,

c ov ere d b y a b reec h cl ou t Th ere w as no th i ng c ons c iou sl y se nsu al ab ou t

.
-
.

th ese rev eri es becau s e at the t im e I ha d no sensu al fe el i ngs or k n owl edge

, .

Cu riou s l y en ou gh t h e w omen a ct or s re p ell ed m e then ( a s the y do t o th is

,
-

d a y ) qu i t e a s s t ro ngl y a s I w a s a tt r a ct ed b y th e m en .

I u se d al so t o tak e gre at p leas u re i n w a t ch i ng m en and b oy s i n

“
, ,

s w immi ng b u t my opport u ni t i e s for see ing th e m th u s w ere e x t r em el y

,

ra re I never d ared l et my c omrad es know ho w I fe lt ab ou t th ese m at

.

te rs b u t th e sight of a w e ll formed n ak ed you th or m an w o u l d fill m e

,
-
,

( and do es now ) w i t h mi ngled feel ings o f bas hfu l ness angu is h and , ,

del igh t I u sed to te ll myse lf endl ess s tori es O f a v i si ona ry cas tl e i n

.

h ab i te d by be au t i fu l b oy s one of wh om w as my esp eci all y dea r ch u m

, .

It w as alwa ys the pri nc e i n fa iry tal es w ho h el d my i nt e res t or

“
,
-
,

a ff e ct io n I w as constan tl y fall i ng i n l ov e w i th h andsom e b oys w h om I

.

n e ve r k n e w ; n or did I e ve r t ry to mix i n th e ir c omp an y f or I w as ,

ab as h e d b e for e th e m a n d h ad no l i k i ng no r a t i tu d e for b oyi s h ga m es

, p .

S om et im e s I p l ayed w i th girl s b e ca u se th ey w ere more qu ie t and gen tl er

, ,

b u t I c a r ed for th e m l i ttl e or no t at al l .
 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N I N MEN . 63

As is u su a ll y
c a se my p a re nt s neglecte d t o imp a rt t o m e any
th e ,

s exu al k n o wl e dg e a n d s u ch a s I po ss e sse d w a s g a th er e d fu r t i v e l y from

,

ta inte d sou r ces b ad b oys ta lk at sch ool and e l se where My el de rs l et

,
’
, .

m e k n o w i n a v ag u e w ay th a t t a lk o f t he k i nd w a s w i cke d an d natu ra l
, , ,

timidi t y a nd a w i s h t o b e good ke p t m e from le a rni ng m u ch ab ou t

,
‘
,
’

s e x u a l m a tt e rs As I n ev e r w en t t o b oa rding s ch ool I w a s S p a red p er

.
-
, ,

h aps m any o f the degrading in i t iation s a dminis tere d b y kn ow ing b oy s at

,

s u ch i ns t i tu t ion s .

I n spi t e o f wh a t ha s b een sa id a b o v e I do no t b el i e v e th a t I w a s
“
,

s e x u a ll y v e ry pre c oc iou s a n d e v en n o w I fee l th a t mor e p l e a s u re w o u l d

,

ens u e from m e r e l y c o n te mp la t i ng tha n f rom p e r s o n a l c on ta ct w i th t h e

obj e c t o f my a moro u s a ttent ions .

A s I gre w o lde r th e re c a m e o f c ou r s e an u n de fine d p h y s i c al l o ng , ,

i ng b u t i t w a s t h e bea u ty O f th o s e I a dmir ed wh i ch m ai nl y a ppeal e d t o

,

m e A t t he tim e o f p u b e r ty I s p o n ta n e o u s l y a c q u ired t he h a b i t o f m a s
.

t u rb a t i on O n ce wh i le b a th i n g I fou nd th a t a p leas an t feel i n g ca m e w i th

.

tou ch i ng t he s ex u al organ s It w as no t l ong b e fore I w as co n firmed i n

.

t he h a b i t A t fir st I pra ct i ce d it b u t se l dom b u t a fterw ard m u ch m o re

.
,

frequ en tl y ( say o nc e a w eek ) th ou gh at time s mo nth s h ave e lap sed w i th

, ,

o u t a ny i nd u l ge n c e o u my p a r t I h ave n e ver had erot i c drea m s b u t th ree

.

or fou r tim es i n my li fe T he m a stu rb a tin g h a b i t I rega rd a s morally

.

reprehe ns ibl e a n d h av e m a de m an y re ol u t ion s to b reak i t b u t w ith ou t

,
s ,

a v ai l It a ff ord s m e onl y t he m ost m o m entary sa tis fac tion a nd i s alw ays

.
,

foll ow e d by re morse fu l s cru p les .

I h av e n ever i n my l i fe had an y S exu al feel ing for a w om an no r

“
,

a ny s ex u a l c o nn e ct io n w i th a ny w om a n wh at s oe v e r The v ery th o u ght o f .

s u ch a th i ng i s e x c ess i v el y r epu g na n t a nd di sgu s t i n g t o m e Th i s i s t ru e .

,

a p a rt fr o m a n y mora l c o ns id e ra t io n s a nd I do n o t th i nk I c o u l d b ri ng ,

myse lf t o i t I am no t a tt ra cte d b y yo u ng w om en i n any w a y E ven

. .

th eir p hys i cal be au ty h as l i ttl e or n o ch arm f r m e and I ofte n w ond er o ,

h ow m en c a n b e so a ff e cte d b y i t O n the o th er h and I am n o t a .

,

w o m an h ate r an d h av e sev era l s tro ng fri ends o f t h e oppos i te sex T he y

-
,
.

a re h o w e v e r w om en O l d e r th an my self a n d ou r fr i e n d s h ip i s b a s e d s o l e l y
, , ,

o n c e r t a i n i n te ll e ctu a l or e s th e t i c ta s te s w e h av e i n c ommon .

I h ave h a d p ract i ca ll y no ph ys i cal rel at ion s w i th m en ; at any rate

“
,

n o ne s p e c i fica ll y se x u a l O n c e wh en ab o u t 1 9 or 20 I st ar te d t o em b ra ce
.
, ,

a be a u ti fu ll y form e d yo u th w i th wh om I w a s sl ee pi ng b u t t imidi ty a nd ,

s c ru p l e s t t h b tt r o f my f l i n g n d my b d f ll o w w as not
g o e e e e e s a a s e e , ,

a moro u s l y i n c l i n ed t o w a rd m e n o th i n g c a m e o f i t A f e w ye a r s a fte r
, .

th i s I b e c am e s trongl y a tta ch ed t o a fri end wh om I had al rea dy k no w n

for s evera l y ea rs Circu m s tan ces th re w u s ve ry m u ch t oge ther du ri ng
.

o n e su mm e r It w as now th a t I felt for the firs t t im e the fu ll S h o ck o f

.

l ove H e retu rned my aff ect ion b u t b oth o f u s w ere shy o f sh o w i n g ou r

.
,

feel i ngs or speaki ng O f th em O ften wh en w alk i ng t ogeth er a fter night .

64 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

fa ll w e w ou l d pu t o u r arm s ab ou t ea ch o the r S ometimes to o w hen .

, ,

s l ee pi ng t og eth e r w e w o u l d li e i n cl o se c o nta ct an d my fri e n d o n c e s u g ,

geste d th a t I pu t my legs aga ins t h i s H e frequ entl y begged m e to .

s p e nd t h e n ig ht w i th h im ; b u t I be gan t o fe a r my fe e l i ngs a n d s lep t ,

w i th h im b u t seldom W e ne ith er of u s had any de fini te ideas a bo u t

.

h om os e xu a l relatio ns and ap ar t from wh a t I h ave re la te d ab ov e w e ha d

, , ,

n o f u r th e r c o n ta ct w i th ea ch o th e r A fe w month s a fte r o u r a moro u s

.

fe el i ngs had de ve l ope d my fri en d die d H i s death c a u sed m e grea t d i s .

t ress and my natu ra ll y re l igiou s tempe ram ent b ega n to m an i fes t i ts elf
,

qu i te strongl y A t th i s tim e too I fi rs t rea d s om e w ri ti ngs o f Mr

.
, , .

Addi ngton S ymon d s a nd c e r ta i n a ll u s ions i n hi s w ork co u p l ed w i th my

, ,

re cen t exp eri en ce s oo n s t irre d m e to a fu ll c onsc io u sness O f my i nve rted

,

n a t u re .

Ab ou t eight mon th s a fte r m y fri end s dea t h I h a ppe ned t o m eet i n

“ ’

a st rang e t o w n a yo u th o f a b ou t my o w n ag e wh o e x e r te d u pon m e a

s t ro ng and i n s ta n t a tt ra ct io n H e po sse s se d a r efi ne d h and s om e fa ce

.
, ,

w as gra c e fu ll y b u i lt a nd t h o u g h h e w a s ra th e r u n d e mon s tra t i v e w e s oo n

, , ,

be ca m e fas t friends .

W e w ere t ogeth er onl y for a fe w day s wh en I w a s obl ige d to lea v e

“
,

for m y h om e and t he p a rt i ng ca u sed m e gre at u n happi ne ss and d epres

,

s io n
. A f ew month s a fte r w e s p en t a va c a tio n toge the r O ne d a y d u ring .

o u r t rip w e w e n t s w immi ng and u n dresse d i n t h e sa m e b a th h o u s e

,
-
.

When I s a w my fri en d naked for th e fi rs t tim e he s eeme d t o m e so

b eau t i fu l th a t I l onge d to th ro w my arm s ab ou t h i m and c o ver h im w i th
k is ses I k ep t my fee li ngs h idd en h ow ev er h a rdly d arin g t o l ook a t
.
, ,

h im for fea r o f b ei ng u nable to res trai n my des ires S everal times a fter .

w ard i n hi s roo m I sa w h im s trippe d w ith th e s ame eff ect u pon my

, , ,

emo tio n s U n t i l I h a d s ee n h im na ke d my fee l i ngs f or h im w ere no t O f

.

a p h y s i c a l ch a r a cte r b u t a ft er w a rd I l o n ge d for a ct u a l c on t a ct b u t o nly

, ,

b y em b ra ce s and k i sses T hou gh h e w as fon d of m e he h ad ab s ol u tel y

.
,

no a morou s l o ng i ng s for m e and be i ng a s imp le ,

p u re mind e d fell o w ,
-

w ou l d h av e l oa th ed m e for mine a nd my i nve r ted nat u re I w as ca re fu l .

ne v e r t o l et h im di s c ov e r i t an d I w a s m a d e v ery u nh a ppy wh en h e c o n
,

fid e d th a t h e w a s i n l ov e w i th a you ng gir l wh om h e w i sh e d t o m a rry .

Th i s epi s od e t ook p la ce several y ea rs ago and th ou gh w e are st i ll fri end s ,

m y emo t iona l fe e l i ngs for h im h a v e c oo le d co ns id erabl y .

I h av e alw ays been v ery shy o f sh ow ing any a ff ect ionate tend en cies
“
.

M os t o f my a cqu ain ta n ces ( and c l os e fri end s e v en ) th i nk m e cu riou sl y

c ol d and o fte n w on der wh y I h ave nev er falle n i n l ov e or marri ed F o r
,
.

obv iou s reas ons I h a v e nev e r been a ble to tell them .

T h ree or fo u r ye ar s ag o a l i ttl e b oo k b y C o ve nt ry P a tmore fell

“

i nt o my h a nd s a nd fr om i t s p e ru sa l re su lte d a s tra nge blending o f my

,

rel ig io u s a nd e ro ti c n o t io ns T he de s ire to l o v e a nd be l o v ed i s h a rd t o
.

d ro wn a nd w h en I real i zed t h at h omosex u a lly i t w a s ne i th e r l awful nor

, ,
 S EXUAL I N VER S I O N I N MEN . 65

poss ible for m e t o lov e i n th i s w orld I b egan t o proj e ct my l ongi ngs into
,

t h e n ex t B y b irt h I a m a R o m a n Ca th o l i c a nd i n spi te o f a s om ewha t

.
,

s k e p t i c a l te mp e r m a nag e t o r e m a i n o n e b y c o nv i ct ion
, .

F rom t h e d o ct ri ne s O f t h e Tri n i ty I n ca r n at io n a nd E u ch a ri s t I
“
, , ,

have dra w n c on cl u s ions wh i ch w o u l d fill t he min d O f t h e av erage pi e ti s t

w i th h ol y h o rror ; neve rth ele ss I b el i ev e th at ( gra n ting t h e pre mi se s )
th ese c on clu s ions a re b oth l ogi ca lly and th e o logi ca lly de fen s ible The .

D i v i n i t y O f my fa nc i e d p a r a di s e re se m bl e s i n n o w a y t h e v apid c on c e p t io ns
of li ra Angel i c o or t he Qu art i er S t S u lpi ce H i s ph ys i c al a s pe ct a t
,
. .
,

lea st w ou ld b e b e tte r rep re se nt e d b y s om e P rax i t i lean demi g od o r

,
-

F l an drin s n a k e d b rood i n g b oy
’
, .

“
Wh i le th ese im agin i ngs h a v e cau s e d m e c ons iderable mora l d is
qu iet u de th ey do n o t s ee m wh o lly repre h e nsible b ecau se I fee l th a t th e
, ,

ch ie f ha ppi n ess I w o u l d de ri v e b y th e ir rea l iza ti o n w ou l d b e m a in l y from

th e c o n t emp l a t ion o f t h e l ov e d o ne ra th e r th a n f rom cl os e r j oy s
,
.

“
I poss es s o n ly a sl ight kn o w l e dge O f t he h i sto ry an d p art i c u la rs o f
e ro t i c m y s t i c i s m b u t i t i s l i ke ly th a t my n o t i o n s are n e i th e r n e w no r
,

p e c u l i ar ,a n d m a n y u t t e r a n c e s o f t h e f e w my s t i c a l w ri te r s w i th wh os e

w orks I am a cqu a i nte d see m su bs ta nti a lly i n a c c o rd w i th my o w n l ong

ings and c oncl u s ions I n en dea v ori ng t o find f o r th e m s ome sa n ct ion of
.

v al id au th ori ty I h av e alw ay s so u ght c orrobo ra ti on from m e mbe rs of m y

,

o w n s ex ; h e n c e a m l es s l i k el y t o h av e fa s h ione d my v i e w s a ft e r th o s e o f

hyp ersens i tive or h y steri c a l w om en .

Y o u w i ll rightl y i n fe r th a t i t i s di ffi c u lt for m e t o say e x a ctl y

“

h ow I regard ( morally ) the h omo se x u a l tenden cy O f th i s m u ch h ow .

,

e v e r I a m c e r t a i n th a t e v e n i f i t w e r e po s s i bl e I w o u l d n o t e x ch a nge my
, , , ,

i n v e r te d n a t u r e for a n o rm a l o n e I s u sp e ct th a t th e sexu al emo tions an d

.

e v e n i n v e rte d o n e s h a v e a mor e s u btl e s ig n i fic a n ce th a n i s ge n e r a ll y

a ttri b u te d t o th e m ; b u t mod er n m o ra l i s ts e i th e r fight s h y O f t ra n s c e n

denta l in te rpreta t i o ns o r see n one a nd I a m igno ra n t and u nable to s olv e
,

t h e my s t e ry th e se fee l i ngs see m to imp l y .

P a t more s p ea k s b ol d l y e n o u gh i n 11 18 w a y an d L a c ord a i re h a s
“
, ,

h i nte d a t th i ngs b u t i n a v ery gu arded m ann er I ha ve ne i th e r th e

,
.

a b i l i t y n o r O ppor t u n i t y t o s t u dy wh a t t h e my s t i c s o f t h e middl e a ge s

h av e to say al o ng th e se l ines and be side s t he m e di ev a l w ay O f l ook i n g

,

a t th i n gs i s n o t c o n ge n i a l t o m e T h e ch i e f ch a ra cte ri s t i c o f my ten d e n c y
.

i s an o v e rpo w e ri ng a d m ir a tio n for m a l e b eau t y a n d i n th i s I a m mo re ,

a k i n t o t h e G r ee k s .

“
I h av e ab sol u tel y no w ords t o te ll y o u h o w po we rfu ll y su ch beau ty
a ff e cts m e Moral and i ntell e ctu a l w or th i s I k n o w of grea ter v al ue b u t
.
, , ,

ph y s i ca l b eau ty I 86 6 more cle arly an d i t app ears t o m e th e mo s t vi vi d

,

( i f no t th e mo s t pe rfe ct ) m a n i fes ta t ion O f t he di v i n e A l i ttl e i n c id en t .

m ay p er h a p s r ev ea l t o y o u m y fe e l i ng s more c omp l etel y

, ,
N o t l ong ago .

I happened t o see an unu suall y w ell f o rm ed y ou ng fe ll o w ente r a h ou se -

5
66 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

o f a ss igna t ion w i th a c omm on w om an o f the stree ts Th e s ight fille d m e .

w i th the keenes t a ng u i sh and t he th o u ght tha t hi s be a u ty w ou l d s oo n b e

,

a t t he di s pos a l o f a pros t i tu te m a de m e fee l a s i f I w e r e a po w e r l e ss a nd

u n h a ppy w i t ne ss t o a s a c ril ege It m ay b e tha t my rage for m a le l ov el i

.

n es s i s o n l y a n o th e r ou tb r eak i ng O f t h e O ld P la t on i c m a n i a f or as t im e ,

goe s o n I find th a t I long less f o r t he a ctu al you th be fore m e and more ,

a n d mor e for s o m e id e a l p e r fe ct b e i n g wh o se b odi l y s p l e n d o r a nd l ov i n g

,

h ea r t are t he rea l i ti es wh ose re fle ct ion s o nly w e see i n th is cav e o f

s h a do w s S i n ce t he b i rth an d d ev e l opm en t w i th i n m e O f wh a t for l a ck
.
,

o f a be tter na m e I te rm my ho m osex u al iz ed P at m o rea n idea l l i fe has

, ,

be c om e i n the ma i n a wea ry b u s ine ss I am no t des ponden t h ow ev er

, ,
.
, ,

be cau se m any th ings still h o l d for m e a c erta i n i nte res t When tha t i n .

t e re s t di es do w n a s i t i s w on t from t im e t o t im e I e n d ea v o r t o b e
, ,

a t i en t G d g n t th t a ft e r t h e n d h ere I m ay b e dr a w n f rom t he
p . o ra a e , ,

s h a do w and se e mi ng l y v a i n im agi n i ngs i nto t he pos s es sio n o f the ir nev e r

,

en di ng re al i t y her ea f ter
”
.

CA S E X — T W aged 36 e ngage d i n b u si ness for wh i ch h o w ever

. . .
, , , , ,

h e h as n o ta s t e be i n g a ttra cte d t o cl ass i c a l s t u di e s ; h e p o sses se s a

,

u n i v ers i t y d egree a nd i s a tt ra cte d t o t h e s ch ol a s t i c pro fe s s io n b u t r e c og

, ,

n i z e s i t s d a ngers for a m a n o f h i s t e mp e ra m en t H e b e l o n gs t o a h e a lth y .

fami l y alth ou gh h e rem ark s w e h av e ou r pe c u l i ari ti es and one

,
“ ”
, ,
“
,
”

b ro ther ru i ned a fine c onst i tu t io n b y w om en and drink H e i s th e .

you nges t o f th e fami ly ; h i s p are nts w ere ab ou t 38 a t hi s b irth and h i s ,

father died a f e w w eek s a ft er h e w a s b orn H i s mo th er su ckle d hi m .

,

a n d sh e th i nk s th a t h er gri e f m a y h a v e te nd e d t o e n fee bl e h i s c o n st i tu

tion I n any cas e h e i s the w eak es t o f the fa mil y th o u gh hi s general

.
,

he alth i s goo d H e al so rem ark s tha t h i s mo ther w as very anx iou s for
.

a girl ch i l d a nd h a d ev en ch o s en a fe m a l e na m e b y wh i ch i n ch i l dh oo d
-
,

s h e s omet im e s c a ll ed h im I n yo u th h e w a s no t a bl e to g o i n f or m u ch
.

e x e rc i se ; latterl y he h as tak en t o b i cy cl i ng As a ch il d he w ri tes .

,
”
,
“
my imagi na tion w as not pe rh aps ve ry h ea lth y I l i v ed t oo m u ch al one .

a n d S p en t mo s t o f my t im e i n re a di ng I w as v ery s en si ti v e to ri di cu l e
.
,

an d c o u l d no t b e a r b e i ng t ea s e d s o th a t I sh rank from o th e r b oy s wh il e
, ,

a t t he sam e t im e I o ften l ong e d for th eir fri e nd sh ip I then w i th drew i n to .

myself and i n d u lged my im agi n a tion I dar e say an ordi nary doc tor .

w o u l d say th a t t he wh ol e th i ng w as started b y morb id c on di tions O f l i fe ,

b u t I do no t th i nk s o .

“
I h av e n ev e r had the least i n cl i na tion for w om en wh il e o n th e , ,

o th e r h and I a m o ften s trongl y a ff e cte d b y t he c ontigu i t y o f h and som e

,

you th s I frequ en tl y h ave e re ct ion s u nde r su ch c ircu m stan ces A t the

. .

sa m e t im e b e i n g o f a s om e w h a t re t iri ng di spo s i t io n I h a v e nev e r m a de

, ,

a ny so c all e d i m mo ra l propo s i t io n s t o anyo ne and h a v e ne v e r h ad an y

-

ph ysi cal conne ct ion wh atever w i th any h u m an b e i n g .

“
My p ecu li ar d i spo sition has cau sed m e tro u ble i n tw o w ays : F i rst ,
 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N I N MEN . 67 .

as rega rds w o m en I ha ve tried t o b e l i ke o t her m en I ha ve t ri ed t o l ove

. .

w omen I n tw o sep a rate i ns ta nces I h av e formed f riends h ip s w i th w ome n

.
,

a nd i n t he ordi na ry p h ra s e h a v e i n a sor t O f w a y c o u r te d th e m I ‘ ’
, , .

c ou l d h av e ma rr i ed e i the r o f th em b u t wh en i t ca m e t o t he point I d re w
,

bac k I did n o t and c ou l d no t lo ve th em and b o th the y a nd o th er p eop le

.
,

m u s t h ave th ou ght my beh av ior ex tra ordina ry O n e O f th em i ndee d w ro te .

m e a d e cl ara t io n O f l o v e a n d I fe lt l i k e a c a d b e c au se I c o u l d no t
,

re spond .

S e c on dl y as rega rds fri e n d s h ip s w i th m en I h a v e been u n fort u na te

“
, ,

be ca u se I h ave fe lt ve ry w a rm a fl ec ti o n for so m e wh o h ave ap pa ren tly '

c are d v e ry l i ttle for m e a nd h a ve t a k e n a d v an ta ge o f m e for th e ir o w n

,

p u rpo s e s I a m. a fr a id I h a v e O fte n go t t h e r e p u ta t io n o f b e i n g ra th e r
s i ll y th ro u gh be h a v i ng i n a n a fl ec t i o n a te w a y w i th yo u ng m e n It see m s
'

t o m e i n th i s c ou n try t o b e forb idden that o ne m an sh ou l d care very

m u ch a b ou t an oth er I n fa ct I h ave h ea rd p e op l e sa y th a t th ey can t
.
,
’

u nd e r s ta nd h o w o ne m a n c a n fe e l a n y a fl ec t i o n f or a n o th e r I h ave '

really the sa me d i fl i c u l t y th o u g h I d are no t sa y so i n u ndersta n di ng

‘
, ,

t he p a ss ion o f a m a n for a w om a n .

I su ppo se I h ave be en ra th e r u nlu cky i n my fri e nd s ; b u t i n tw o

“

or t h ree i ns ta nces the c ou rse O f th ings has been l i ke th i s : I h av e gi v en

w a y t o th em i n ev ery th i ng for a t im e and th ey I s u ppo se th i nk i n g m e , , ,

rath er a s i ll y fe l l o w h a v e go t m e t o do th i ngs for th e m wh i ch t he y h a d

,

no right t o as k a n d h a v e e v en t re a te d m e i n a ru d e m a nne r ti ll a t l a s t
, ,

I c ou ld stan d i t n o l onge r an d h a v e been obl iged t o qu a rrel w i th them .

T h en I h a ve s u fl ere d grea t p a i n th rou g h t he ru p t u re j u s t as I su ppo se

'

a n o th e r m an might s u fl er th ro u gh l o s i n g t h e w o m a n he l ov e d I ge ne r
'

a ll y u se d t o fall a s l e e p th i n k i ng o f o n e o f th o se I l o v e d a nd i f I h a d ,

qu arrel e d w i th h im I c o u l d not go to s lee p c om fort abl y I gene rall y .

fanc ied my self e m bra ci ng som e o ne be fore falli ng asleep and w en t on

w i th the im ag i na tion ti ll I h ad an erection th en an emi s s ion w h i ch , ,

see m s to m e t o b e i nv o l u n t a ry .

L a s t y ea r I h a d a more pa i n fu l e xp eri en c e th an I had ev e r h ad b e

“

fore I had a qu a rre l u n de r p ec u l i a r c ircu m stances w i t h tw o b rothers f o r

.
, ,

w h om I h ad a grea t a ff e ct ion My fee l ings w ere so ex tre m e th a t I fell

.

a l mo s t i n t o a s ta t e o f im b e c i l i t y a n d I sa t a t h o m e for d a y s do i ng n o th

i ng and t ak i ng n o i n t e res t i n a ny th i n g My fa mi l y sen t for th e do ct or .

,

wh o th o u gh t m y mi nd w as a ff e c ted and re comme n de d th a t I sh o u l d b e ,

tak en t o a H ydro for ch ange o f a i r a nd scene My s i st e r w en t w i th m e .

t o a H ydr o wh e re s h e go t m e t o se e t h e do cto r
, I t ol d h im pa rt o f wh a t .

I h a ve to l d y ou and h e w alke d ou t w i th ou t sayi ng a w o rd H e w ou l d

,
.

n o t se e m e a ga i n and r e c omm e n d e d my s i st e r t o ta k e m e t o a s pe c i al i s t
, ,

wh i ch m ean t a s pe c i al i st i n i ns an i ty I had no O bj e ctio n ; I th ou ght an .

a l i eni s t m ight po s s i b l y h a v e s om e se n se S o w e w e n t to o ne wh o k ee p s .

a pri v ate l u na t i c as yl u m I th i nk he had b een tol d ab out th e case p re

.
68 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

v i o u sl y b y the Hydro doc tor and when I began t o tell h im he w o u l d ,

ha rdly li ste n H e at on ce sa id t ha t s u ch i n cli na tions w ere u nna tu ral

.
,

and ha d e v id e ntl y m a d e u p hi s mi n d th a t I w a s i n sa ne H e o fl ered my

'

s i s te r i n de ed t o c e r ti fy m e at o n c e a s i nsane
, , I ha d go t i nto a b ad c o n .

di tion from w an t o f S leep a nd did not seem t o care for a ny th i ng H o w .

e v e r h e g av e m e a s l ee pi ng dra u gh t an d i n t h e mor n i ng I w o ke u f eel

, p ,

i ng b e tt e r I reso lv e d wh atev er h app ene d I w o u ld n o t pas s my day s i n

.
, ,

a l u n a t i c as y l u m I w ou ld rat he r c o m mi t s u i c ide S O I pu t a b old fa ce

. .

o n t h e m a tte r a nd to l d t h e doc t or i n t he p l a i nes t la ngu a ge wh a t my

case reall y w as I c onv inced h im tha t I w as no t insane b u t he ev idently

.
,

ha d t h e w ors t opi n ion O f m e a nd sa id h e ha d nev e r h e a rd o f a ny th i ng

,

l i ke i t ex cep t in t he case o f O s car Wi l de I th ou ght th a t s h ow e d ex traor .

d i nary ign oran c e i n a do ctor a n d m e re l y f or t h e p le as u re O f s h oc k i ng

,

h im I profes sed grea t sympath y w i th O sc a r Wi l de Ho w e v e r t he t u ss le .

,

w i th the do ct or see med to rev i ve m e and I felt be tte r f or my v i s it t o ,

t he as y l u m .

To m e wh at o th er pe op le ca ll u nna tu ra l i s t he mos t na tu ral o f al l

“

c o ndi tio n s I n any ca se t h e w ord u nn a tu ra l i s really a s tu pid w o rd as

.
‘ ’
,

wh atev e r i s m u s t b e na tu ra l My idea i s th at whateve r ta ke s p la ce o f a

.

p h y s i ca l na tu re s h o u l d be t he n a tu ra l e ff e ct o f frien d s h ip a nd I s h o u l d ,

s h ri nk from s ee k i ng or h iri n g m e n f or s u ch p u rpos e s j u s t as I s h ou l d fee l ,

a r e p u gn a n c e t o goi n g w i th pro s t i t u t e s su p pos i ng I w a n te d w om en ,

.

Wh at I see m t o nee d to b e more e xpl i c i t i s a cl ose e mb ra ce or p erhap s

, , ,

w h a t I th i n k i s ca ll e d i n te r c ru ral c o nn e ct ion I fee l no i n cl inat ion for .

,

b u t o n th e c o n t ra ry a s t ro ng re p u gn a n ce t o wh a t t h e v u l ga r mi nd a t
, , ,

o n ce a ssoc i at es w i th m a nl y l ove T h e doc t or a t t he a sy l u m sa id I S h ou l d

‘
.
’

b e a ll right i f I ha d a w om an B u t i t s ee m s to m e a b s u rd t o go i n for a
.

v i ce for wh i ch o ne h a s no i n cl i n a tion It i s rea lly a m a tte r o f ps ych ol ogy .

,

n o t o f m e di c i n e a n d poe t s k n o w more a b o u t s u ch m a tt e r s th a n doc t ors

,
.

— —
I onl y k n ow and b u t sl ightl y o ne yo u ng m an wh o has I b el i ev e , ,

S imi l a r i n cl i n a t io n s t o m y se lf .

CAS E X I — T D age d 20 n o w at t he U n i v er si ty k n ow s o f n oth i ng

. . .
, , ,

a b n orm al i n h i s an c e s try H i s b ro th e r h a s h om o s e x u a l t end en c i e s b u t

.
,

i s al s o a tt r a cte d t o w om e n A si s te r wh o i s ve ry rel igio u s s ta tes th a t

.
, ,

s h e ha s l i ttl e or no se x u a l i n cl i na t io n s T h e y w e re al l of a drea my d i s .

po s i tion wh e n yo u ng t o the di sg u s t O f th e ir te a ch ers

,
.

Wh en I w a s a ch i l d ( be fore I w ent t o sc h oo l at
“
h e w ri t es I ,

w as al re a dy o f an a ff ec t io n ate di s po s i tio n a n a ff e ct ion t u rn ed r ead i l y to ,

e i th e r se x .N o b oy w as t h e ca u se o f m y i n cl i n a t io n s wh i ch w ere qu i te ,

s po nt a n e o u s ( N o dou bt p a r t o f t h e c a u s e m a y b e fo u nd i n o u r s oc i a l
.
,

s y s t e m b y wh i ch l a di e s a re r a th e r dra w i n g room c r ea t u r e s t o b e t re a t e d
,
-

w i th di s tan t re sp ect ) Wh en I w as 10 at a prep aratory s ch ool I fi rs t

.
, ,

b egan t o form atta ch m en ts w i th oth e r b oy s o f my o w n age i n wh i c h I ,

a l w a y s h a d r e a rd t o p h y s i c a l b e a u t It i th i t i n w h i ch the
g y s s s a g e .
,
 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N I N MEN . 69

se x u a l e lem ent i s latent that S h elley spea ks O f as precedi ng l o ve i n arden t

,

na tu r es .

A t 12 I lea rne d m a s tu rb a tio n app a ren tly by i ns ti nct a nd I regre t

“
, , ,

to sa y pra cti ced i t t o ex cess for t he nex t seven ye ars al w ay s se c retly

, ,

a n d w i th s h a m e a n d O fte n w i th t h e a cc o
,
mpanim en t of pru ri en t imag i n
ings wh i ch did not p rev ent my relat ions w i th th ose I l ov ed being o f a v ery
s piri tu a l na t u r e Mas tu rba t ion w as ofte n p ra cti ce d dai ly w i th b u rs ts O f
.
,

repenta nce and a bs ti nence latterl y more ra re ly B u t u nt i l I w a s 15 I

, .

re a ll y k new no th ing of se xu a l m a tte rs and i t w as no t t i ll I w as a t leas t,

1 7 th a t I w as c o ns c io u s O f sexu a l d e s ir e wh i ch I repre s se d w i th S h am e
, .

O w ing t o e x c ess i v e se lf a b u se I a m u na ble t o emi t e x c e p t m a n u a ll y

“ -

, ,

b u t des ire i s s t r ong I th ink na ked c on ta ct w ou ld su ffi ce and i n any

.
,

cas e in terc ru ral c onnect ion P re d i ca ti o and f el la ti o I abh or I l ove b oys

. .

be tw een t he age s O f 12 a nd 15 ; th ey m u s t b e of my o w n clas s refined , ,

a n d l o v abl e I only des ire th e a cti v e m as cu l ine par t I no w regard my

. .

i n cli nat ions a s natu ra l and n orma l t o m e Th e diffi cu lty i s th a t of lea d .

ing th e o th e r p a r ty to r ega rd i t as s u ch b es id e s t he yo u ng ag e r equ ir e d ,

a n d cl a n d es t i n e na tu r e O f proc e e di n gs ne c e s sa ry T h e mora l difficu lt i e s .

o f c ircu ms ta nc es are S O s tro ng tha t I have li ttle h op e O f ever gra t i fy i n g

my p assion fu ll y I h av e fo u nd myse lf d e ce i v ed i n t h e ch a ra cter o f the
.

b oy tw i ce T h e las t fri end sh ip las ted th ree y ea rs du ri ng wh i ch time I

.
,

only sa w h im nake d t w o or th ree t im es ( th i s ca u se d e re ctio n ) never ,

tou ch ed h im pru ri ently and only k i sse d h im on ce ,

.

I h ave nev e r fou nd a sa ti s fac to ry O bj ect O f my a fl ec t i ons and my

“ '

h a ppiness p erhaps my h ealth h ave be en se ri ou sl y inj u re d A t my p u bl i c

, ,
.

sc h oo l a m a s te r h e l pe d m e t o a tr u e r u n d e r s ta n di ng o f th ese th i ngs T he .

m e re ly an ima l s od omy wh i ch e xi s ts i n m an y p u bli c s ch ool s w a s u n kno w n .

Wh a t I learned O f se x I l ea r ne d for my se lf I am rec omm end ed t o tu rn .

m y as pira t io n s t o t h e ab s t r a ct u n i v e r sa l m ai d ; b u t s o f ar a t l e as t I
ca nn o t do i t .

Mal e G ree k s ta tu a ry and t he P haed ru s o f P l a t o h a v e ha d a gr e a t

“
,

th ou gh only c on firm atory i n fl u en ce on my fe el i ngs My ideal i s th a t of

,
.

T heo c ri tu s XIII wh ere in Her cu les w a s b ri ng i ng Hyl as t o th e p e rfect

, ,

mea su re o f a m an My firs t th ou ght i s th e goo d o f my fri en d b u t ex cep t

.
, ,

for the good s u bj e cti v e i nfl u en ce of pass ion I h ave fa ile d u tterl y ,

.

“
I am v ery ta ll da rk rathe r st rong fond o f ga m e s th o u gh I do no t
, , , ,

e x c el o w i ng t o s h or t s ight
, I a m E ngl i s h th o u gh I h av e F ren ch bl ood
.
, ,

wh i ch m ay a cc ou nt for an u n re serv edly pass iona te di sposi tion T h ou gh .

u nl i k e o th e r p e op l e I am no t i n the lea s t femi ni ne n o r has anyone

, ,

th ou ght so to my kn o wledge I can whi s tl e eas i ly an d w ell I a m so . .

mas cu l ine th a t I cann o t e v en c on cei v e o f pa ssi ve sex u a l p l easu re i n

w om e n m u ch less i n m en ( Th a t i s one o f th e d i fli c u l ti es i n b oy l ov e )
,
.
‘ -
.

My a ff e cti ons are in e xtri cabl y b ou nd u p i n the id ea l s O f pro te ctio n o f o ne

w eak er than myself I n th e ea rl ier d ay s wh en sex u al ity w as l ess c on
.
,
70 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

s c iou s th i s w as a great s o u rce o f rom an ti c feel i ng th e gl a mou r o f wh i ch

, ,

i s ra th e r d e p a r ti ng I c a nn o t u nde rs tand l ove O f a du lt m al e s m u ch less

.
,

i f th ey are o f l ow er cla ss a nd t he idea O f prostit u tio n i s na u se o u s t o m e

,
.

“
I th in k I m ay sa y tha t I hav e t he e sthet i c and mora l sense v ery
s t ro ng ly i ngr a i n e d . I n deed they are la rge ly syn onymo u s w i th m e I
, .

hav e n o dram a ti c ap t i tu de and th o u gh I fl atte r my se lf tha t my taste i s

, ,

good i n m u s i c I h av e no kno wl edge o f m u s i c If I h av e a fa v ori te c ol or

, .
,

i t i s a dark crim so n or bl u e O f t he n a t u re of ol d s ta i ned glas s I d eri ve

, .

gre a t p lea s u re from a l l l i terary and pi cto ri a l art and ar ch i te c t u re ; i ndeed ,

a rt O f a ll k i nds . I h ave fa c il i ty i n w ri ti ng pe rso nal l yri ca l v erse ; i t

a ff ord s m e r e l i e f .

“
I thi nk my i nvers ion m u s t b e c o ngeni ta l as th e desire O f c onta ct ,

w i th th ose b oy s I l o ved b ega n be fore ma st u rba tion a nd has la sted throu gh

pri vate and p u bl i c res orts and i n to u n i v e rs it y l i fe The o the r sex doe s no t .

a tt ra ct m e b u t I a m v e ry fo nd o f ch i l dr en girl s a s w ell a s b oy s
, , ( If .

there i s sex u al i ty i n th i s w h i ch I tru s t the re i s no t i t i s latent )

, , .

I h a v e m e t w i th no c a s e s o f re a l i nv e r s io n th at I k n o w o f a nd
“ ‘
,

very fe w o f tempora ry h omo sex u a li ty A t sch oo l t he idea w as h el d i n.

a bh orr e n c e b y a n e n ormo u s m a jori t y a n d p u bl i c O pi n io n i s a s t ro ng

,

fact or T h e re su lt w as th at t he f e w ca ses i n my t im e i nv o lve d onl y

.

cha ra cte r s wh o w e re rea ll y gro s s a nd v u lga r Y o u m u s t no t p u t m y c er .

ta i nty do w n to ign oran ce ; i s a s m a ll s ch oo l i n poi n t O f nu m be r s

a po w er fu l p l a c e for k n o w i n g wh a t yo u r ne ighb or s go t f or di nne r
’
a nd
‘
.

Th e a u th ori t i e s w e re v e ry i ll j u dge d i n m ak i ng a f u ss a b o u t fri end s h ip

bet w een u nequ al s i n age i n one or tw o case s O f fell o w s O f a good ch ara cte r .

T he res u lt o f O pp os i t io n w a s th a t wh a t w as r a re i s n o w c ommo n ; b u t

g r a t i fic a t io n i s s t i ll u n d e r t h e s t r o n g b a n o f p u bl i c O pi n io n .
”

C EA S X I I — . Aged 24 F a ther an d mo t h er b o th l i v i ng ; the la tter i s

.

o f a bette r s oc i a l s ta n ding th an t he fa th e r H e i s m u ch a tta ch e d to hi s

.

moth er a nd S he gi ve s h i m som e s ym pa th y H e ha s a b roth er wh o i s

, .

n or m a l l y a tt ra t e d t o w om e n
c H e h im self ha s n ev er b e en a ttra ct ed t o
.

w ome n and take s n o i nte res t i n the m nor i n the ir so c i ety

, .

A t t he age o f 4 he fi rs t be cam e c ons c iou s o f an a t tra ctio n for ol der

m al e s F rom t he age s of 1 1 a nd 19 a t a l a rge gra mm a r s ch o o l he ha d
.
,
-
,

rela tionsh ip s w i th a b ou t o ne h u ndre d b oy s N e e d le s s to a d d he c o n .

,

s id e r s h omo se x u a l i ty e x t re m e l y c ommon i n s ch oo l s It w a s h ow ev er t he .
, ,

O sc ar W i l d e ca s e w h i ch fi rs t op e ned h i s e y e s to t h e w ide p rev a l e n ce of

h omose x u a li ty an d he c on siders th a t th e p u bl i c i ty o f tha t c ase h as done
,

mu c h i f n o t to i nc rea se h omo se xu al it y a t al l e vents t o m ak e i t more

, ,

c onspi c u ou s a n d o u ts po ken .

H e i s n o w a ttra ct e d t o yo u t h s a b ou t 5 or 6 y ea r s yo u nge r th an
h im self ; th ey m u s t b e good look ing H e has n eve r p er ve rte d a b oy no t
.

a l ready i n cl i ne d t o h omos e x u al i t y I n h i s r ela t ions h ip h e doe s no t fee l

.
 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N I N MEN . 71

e x clu s i vely l i ke a m a le or a fem ale : s om et im es one sometimes the o th e r ,

.

H e i s O fte n l i k ed h e sa y s b e c a u se o f hi s m a s c u l i ne ch a ra ct e r
, ,
.

H e i s fu lly d e v e l op e d a n d h ea lth y w e l l o v e r midd l e h e i g ht i ncl i n e d

, ,

t o b e plu mp w i th fu ll fa ce an d sma ll mou sta che H e s mokes m an y

,
.

c iga ret tes and c ann ot g et on w i th ou t th em Th ou gh hi s m a nners are v ery .

s l ig htl y i f a t a l l fe mi n i ne h e a ckn o wl e dg e s m an y fe mi n i ne w a y s
,
H e is .

f o nd o f j e w el ry u n t il l a te l y a lw a y s w ore a ba ngle and l i kes w omen s

, ,
’

rings ; h e i s v ery pa rt i cu la r a b ou t fine t ies a nd u ses v ery del i ca te ,

w om en s h and ker ch ie fs H e ha s alwa ys ha d a t a ste for m u s i c and s i ngs

’
. .

H e h as a S pe c i a l pre di l e ct io n f o r g re en ; i t i s t h e pr edomi na n t c o l or i n
t h e d e c ora t io n o f hi s room a nd e v ery th i ng gree n a pp e a ls to h im
,
H e .

fin ds th a t th e l ove o f green ( a nd als o of v io le t and p u rple ) i s v e ry w ide

spr ea d a mo ng hi s i n v e r te d f ri e nd s .

—
CA S E XIII Ar ti s t aged 34
.
,
T he ea r l i e s t s ex impre ss ion th a t I
.
“ -

a m c o ns c io u s o f h e w ri te s
,
i s a t t h e ag e o f 9 or 10 fa ll i ng i n l ov e
,

w i th a h an dso me b oy wh o m u s t h a ve be e n a b o u t t w o y ea rs my s enior .

I do n o t r ec olle ct e ve r h av i ng S po ken t o h im b u t m y de s ire s o f ar a s I , ,

c a n r e c a ll w a s th a t h e S h o u l d se iz e h ol d of an d h an d l e m e
,
I h av e a .

di st i n ct impres s io n y et O f h o w p leas u rable even p h y s i c al p a i n or c ru elty

w ou l d hav e b een at h i s h an d s ( I h av e no t i c ed tha t i n yo u ng ch i ldren
.

i t i s often di fficu lt to di ff er ent iate t he sex u a l em o tions from wh a t i n

t h e g ro w n u p w o u l d be de fi ni te c ru elty ) .

“
It m u st h av e b een a t ab ou t thi s tim e th a t I di s c ov ered e ntirel y —
b y my self— th e a c t O f m a stu rb at ion T he pro cess grew u p qu i te na tu rall y
.
,

th ou gh I c a nn o t b u t th i nk th a t t he c oo pe d u p l i fe i n a L on don st ree t -

an d a L o ndon s ch oo l w i th w a n t o f p h y s i c a l e x e r c i se a s w e ll a s w a n t o f
, ,

l a nd s ca p e c o l or a nd bea u ti fu l f orm ha d m u ch t o do w i th i t The t o ne

, , , .

o f th e sch oo l I w as a t w as s i ngu l a rl y cl ean b u t I qu es t ion whe ther t he ,

v au n te d cle anl i ness O f to ne of d a y s ch ool s c an c omp en sate f or t he O p en

-

l i fe and l arge di s c ip l ine O f a n E ngl i s h pu bl i c s ch ool .

H o w f ar t h e ra th e r freq u e nt m ast u rb a t io n b e tw e e n t h e ages o f 1 0

“

a nd 1 3 m ay h a v e h a d t o do w i th w ea kl y h ea lth I do n o t kn o w bu t ,

wh en I w a s 12 I w a s ta k en b y my mo the r t o a famo u s do ctor H e m a de .

n o i n qu iri e s O f a s e x u a l n a t u r e b u t h e a d v i se d th a t I s h o u l d b e sen t
,

a w a y from L o n do n H e h a d a sen tim en ta l h o rror O f v iol e nt ga m e s et c

.
,
.
,

for b oys and pu t a side v a rio u s su gges ted p u bl i c sch oo ls F i na ll y I w a s

,
.

se nt t o a pri v a t e s c h oo l a t t h e s e a s id e -
.

T h e pri v a te S ch oo l w as cl e a n a nd wh o l es om e The p l u n ge i n t o t h e
“
.

s e x u a l c o c y tu s o f t h e gr e a t p u bl i c s ch oo l th a t f oll o w e d w a s e ff e ctu all y

su dd en . I n my d a y w a s a p e r fe ct s te w o f u n cl e a nn es s T h e re w a s .

p lent y O f i n c on ti nen ce no t m u ch c ru elty no end of dir ty c onv ersati o n

, , ,

an d a grea t dea l o f g en u i n e a ff e ct io n ev e n to h e roi s m sh o w n a mo ng t h e , ,

b oys i n th e ir re lat ions to o ne an oth er All these th i ngs w ere treated by .

m aste rs and b oy s a l i ke as more or less u nh oly w i th t he resu lt th a t th ey ,

72 S EXUAL I NVERS I O N .

w e re ei ther so u ght a fter or fl un g as ide a cc ord ing to t he se xu al or ,

e mo tional i ns t in ct o f ea ch N O a tte mp t w as m ade a t di sc rim i n at io n

. A .

k i ss w a s a s u ncle a n a s t h e a c t o f f el la ti o and n o o n e had any ga u ge or

,

pri nc ip le wh atev e r o n wh i ch t o gu ide t he crav ing s o f b oy h ood .

“
My firs t in i t i a tion in to the my s teri es o f sex w as a t t he h and s o f
t he dormi to ry se r v a n t wh o s h o w e d m e h i s pe n i s wh en he w oke m e i n t h e
,

m o rn ings and m astu rba ted m e wh en he gave me my h o t ba th on a

,

S a tu rd ay nig ht T h i s ol d reprobate of 4 5 c ommi tted t he ac t of fel la ti o

.

w i th mos t o f the b oys i n tu rn as h e w ent t he dormi t ory rou nds F or the .

O l d e r l a d s I c ann o t s p ea k b u t o v e r u s yo u ng e r o ne s o f 14 an d 1 5 h e e x er
,

c i s ed a so r t o f u n h o ly terror and fas c i n a t i o n H e w as v e ry pop u l a r ; w e

.

ca m e t o h im li ke dov es to a snake When I rev is ited my O ld s ch oo l m an y

.

years la ter he w a s o ccu pying a v ery res pons i ble p os i tion i n t he co llege
cha pel a n d I no ti ced th a t he w ore th a t expres s ion of sly reveren ce wh i ch
,

I th i nk I c an no w i nsta ntly det e ct when I see i t i n a m an .

F o r t he re s t t he d o rmi t ory w a s b oi s te ro u s a nd l ew d an d th er e w as
“
,

a good d ea l o f b u ll y i ng wh i ch pro b abl y did l i t t l e h a rm

,
My pri n c ip a l .

re co llection no w i s of t he filth y my stery o f fo u l ta lk th a t I neither ca red ,

f or no r u n d er s t ood Wha t I rea lly n eed ed l ike all th e o ther b oys w as a

.
, ,

l i ttle t im el y he lp ove r the sexu al problem s b u t th i s w e no ne o f u s got , ,

a n d e a ch h ad t o w or k o u t h i s o w n pr i n c ip l e O f c ond u ct f or h im se lf It .

w a s a l ong di ffi c u lt a n d w a s te fu l proc ess an d I c an n o t b u t b e l i ev e th a t

, , ,

m any O f u s fa i le d i n the endeav or W e h ad c om e u nprepa re d w ith an y

.

a dv ic e . T he pri n c ip le u po n wh i ch w e w e re app are n t l y tra in e d w a s t he

repress ion o f e very ins tin ct My mo ther w as ign oran t from inno cen ce my
.
,

fa th e r from i nd i fl erenc e and so be tw een th em I w as s en t ou t h el pless A

'

, .

m o the r in cu rs grea t responsi b il i ty i n sendi ng her ch i l d a wa y u nprep a re d .

A p aren t s h ou ld not see k t o s h i ft h i s respons ib il i ty u pon t he s ch o o l ma s te r -

.

L ov e al one s h o u l d b e t he f o u n t from wh i ch r ev e la tions s h ou l d flo w ; t h e

m aster fro m t h e ve ry na tu re O f hi s p os i tion cann o t reve a l
, ,
.

“
An immi n t b re ak do w n i n
e n h e al th — d u e i t w ou l d n o w ap pe ar t o
-
, ,

qu i te O bv iou s cau s es — rel i eve d m e from t h e p u rgat ory O f t he c ollege dormi

to ry and I w as re mov ed t o on e o f t h e pri v ate h o u ses
,
Th ese es tabl i sh .

m en ts w ere cons ide red more sele ct a nd less rou gh T he s o c i al a t ‘

.
’

m o s p h ere w as h o w ev er p erh a ps mor e u nwh o l eso m e b e c au se more e ff e m i

, , ,

n a t e a n d w a s fu ll o f n obl e you ng s u ckl i ngs

,
T he n omi n a l h ea d o f t h e
.

h ou se u nde r norm al c ondi tions might h ave been a real lea der ; as i t w as ,

t h e rea l h ea d o f t h e h ou se w as a gi ld e d yo u n g p a ri a h fa ir l y l o w do wn ,

i n t h e s ch oo l a n d fu ll o f h ypo c ri s y a nd u nn at u ra l l u s ts T he b oy wh o .

oc cu pi e d t h e cu b i cl e ne x t t o m ine w as al s o a ba d ca se o f sex u al m i s
direction th ou gh he h ad not the s o c i al di st in ct ion to m ak e h im qu ite so
,

re fine d a terror I ha d e very opportu n i ty of w atch i ng h im u n til tw o

.
,

yea rs lat er he w a s fortu na tely a s ke d t o leave H e t alk ed b a w d from

, .

morn ing t ill night got dru nk on o ne or tw o oc cas ions m as tu rb a te d c on

, ,
 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N I N MEN . 73

s ta n t l y w i th o u t con cea l ment had se v e ral o f t he you nger b oy s i nter

,

f em or a th o u g h w i th ou t e v i n c ing an y ca re or a fiec t i on f or th em a n d gav e

‘

, ,

o ne t h e impre ss ion o f h a v in g b e en b orn for a b ro th e l H i s o ne re dee m i ng .

qu al i ty w a s an e lem en t of good na tu re a chara cte ri st i c on e ofte n fin ds :

a m o ng s u ch as are s e lfis h an d irr e s pons i bl e I h a v e S i n c e b e en t o l d t h a t .

h e h as gon e c omp le te l y t o th e d ogs Wh ethe r th i s you ng cu b s se xu al i h ’

.

s t i nc t s c o u l d h a v e b ee n t u rn e d or gu id e d I do n o t k n o w ; b u t i n a ro u g h e r

an d s imp le r l i fe th a n th a t O f a p u bl i c s ch oo l i n a more ope n an d le s s ,

hypoc ri t i ca l a tm os p here h e might p e rh a ps h ave bee n l i cked int o b e tter

, , ,

s ha p e Hypoc risy i s a v i ce h o w ever that s ch oo lb oys th em se lves are

.
, ,

fo rtu na tel y free from It c omes la ter Th e t one among t he b oy s w as

. .

frankly and v iolently u n clean th ou g h u n clean n ot from ins ti nct b u t , ,

from w an t o f direction a nd from repress ion .

I have n ot a S ingle ha ppy rec olle ction o f th is period O f my sch ool

“

li fe Y et ou t o f t h i s morass of mis begotten v irtu es I p lu ck ed my fi rs t

.

bl oss om o f gen u ine a fiec ti on I ca ll i t a blos s om bec a u se i t never rip ene d

'

e v en t o flo w e r I ha d be en gi v en the ex trem e of filt h to fee d u pon a t

.

t he o u ts e t an d I n o w fo u nd f or my se lf t h e e x tre me o f ch a s ti ty
, I t w i ll .

be a m a tte r O f l i f e l o ng regre t t o m e th a t t he l o v e wh i ch w as t h e l ode

-

s ta r o f my s ch oo l ye a r s w a s n e v e r f u lfill e d or se t u po n a s o u nd b a s i s o f
-

c omrades h ip .

Wh en I w as ab ou t 16 years O l d th ere cam e i n to th e h ou se a b oy

“

a b o u t tw o ye ar s yo u n ge r th an my se lf and wh o b e c a m e t h e a b s or b i ng,

th ou ght o f my s ch oo l day s I do not rem em b e r a mom en t from t he tim e

-
.
,

I fi rs t saw h im t o t he tim e I left sch oo l th a t I w a s n o t i n l ove w i th h im , ,

t he a fiec t i o n w a s r ec iproc a te d i f s om e w h a t re s e rv ed l y
'

a nd H e w as
, .

a lw a ys a l i ttl e a h ea d o f m e i n b oo k s a n d s ch ol a rs h ip b u t as o u r a fl e c t i o n
‘

rip en e d w e s pe nt mos t of ou r s pa re t im e toge th e r and he rece ived my ,

a d v a n ce s m u ch as a girl wh o i s b e i ng w ooe d a l i ttle moc ki ngl y pe r h a p s , , ,

b u t w i th rea l p l e a su re H e a ll o w e d m e t o f on d l e an d c a re s s h im b u t
.
,

o u r i n t im ac y n e v er w en t fu r th e r th a n a k i ss a n d a b o u t th a t e v en w a s ,

t h e s l u r O f S h a m e ; th ere w as a lw a y s a b a rri e r b e t w e en u s an d w e ,

n ev er so m u ch a s wh i s pe re d t o o ne a n o th e r c o n c e rn i ng th os e th i n gs o f

wh i ch all the sch oo l ob s cenel y ta lked Any conn e c t ion be tw een o u r ow n .

e mo tio n s and t h e s ex u a l mor a l s o f t h e s ch oo l n e v e r oc cu rr e d t o u s In .

fac t w e l iv ed a drea m l i fe of ch ast i ty th a t c ou l d n o t rel a te i ts elf t o any

,
-

h u m an c ondi tions Th i s w as su ddenl y b roke n i n u pon My frien d w a s

. .

ve ry beau ti fu l and an O bj e ct o f a tt rac t ion t o othe rs T h a t s o m e o f t he .

el d e r b oy s h a d m a d e o ff er s o f se x u a l i n te r c o u r se t o h im I kn e w b u t t o ,

hi m a s t o m e t h a t w a s u ns pea kabl e w i ck ed ness

, ,
O ne d ay I h ea rd th a t .

fou r or fiv e o f th ese su i t ors o f hi s h a d mi sh an dled h im th ey h ad I b e : ,

l ieve taken o fl hi s t rou sers and attemp te d t o m as tu rb ate h im T he

,
'

off ense w as probably h orse play o f an an im al nat u re ; t o m e i t see m ed a n

-

u n pa rdo nabl e o ff ense Th e m a tt er h a d b ee n repor te d to th e m a s t er b y a

.
74 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

se r anv t b u t c onfirm a t ory ev iden ce w a s nee ded b e for e p u n i s h m en t c o u l d

,

f o ll o w I w a s t orn a s u nde r b y p a s s io ns I c o u l d n o t then a n a l yze and in t he

.

e nd c o mmi tte d t h e gre a t e s t o f s ch oo l b o y c rim e s — I s n ea k e d T he ac t ion -

,
.

u n de r t h e c ir c u m s ta n c e s w a s c o u r ageo u s b u t I w a s i nd i fieren t s o l o n g as
‘

t he b oy I l o v e d j u dg e d m e rightl y T h e r es u lt w a s th a t a t t h e cl o se .

O f t he t e rm fo u r or fiv e O f t h e s en ior b oy s w e re as k e d to l e a v e T he
‘ ’
.

re m a i ni ng bri ef p eriod of my s ch ool li fe wh i ch had prev iou sly bee n a l i v -

i ng h e ll b e c a m e r ea ll y ha ppy
,
T h a t th i s s h ou l d h a v e be en b ro u ght ab ou t
.

t o t he h a rm o f fou r or fiv e b oys wh o se S i n a fte r al l w as b u t a mi s dire cted , ,

imp u lse for wh i ch t he sy s tem w a s respon s i bl e s eem s t o m e no w all v ery ,

w rong O f the b oy s sen t a w ay h ow e ve r cer ta inly t h ree h av e m ade

.
, ,

h on ora ble careers F or my fri en d and I w e b e ca m e more a fraid o f ea ch

.
,

Oth er than be fore ; a s o u r a ff e ction s i nc rea se d s o o u r fea r o f th em i n

‘

c re a se d als o T he fri e ndsh ip w a s t oo eth ere a l to l i ve ; b u t eve n yet w e

.

s t i ll h a v e a d ee p r es p e ct for o n e an o th e r .

“
Wh en a t t he ag e of 19 I le ft sc h oo l I w a s a ll ow ed t o kn o ck ab ou t
for a year be fore enteri ng c oll ege D u rin g th i s t im e I pi ck e d u p a sexu al .

e xp e rie n c e t h a t m a y or m ay n o t h a v e b e e n a v al u a bl e on e I c e r ta i n l y .

l oo k b a ck u pon i t n o w w i t h reg re t i f no t w i th h orror My fa the r h ad ,

.

di s c o ve re d s om e mo n th s be fore th i s da te th a t I w a s i n t he h a b i t o f
, ,

ma s tu rb a ti ng an d he gav e m e wh a t he c onc e iv ed to be th e right co u n se l

,

u nd e r t h e c ir c u m s ta n ces If y o u do th i s h e sa id y o u w i ll nev er b e
‘ ’ ‘
: , ,

a bl e t o u s e yo u r pe n i s w i th a w om a n T h er efore you r b es t p lan w i ll .

b e t o go w i th a pro s t i tu te S h o u l d y o u do th i s h o w e v er y o u w i ll pr o b
.
, ,

a bl y pi ck u p a b e a s tl y di s ea se T h ere fore th e sa fe s t w a y w ou l d b e t o do
.

i t ab roa d i f y o u ge t t he ch an c e for th e re t he h ou se s are l i ce nsed H av ing

, ,
.
’

d el i vere d h im self o f th i s a d v i ce h e t r o u ble d h im s elf no fu rth e r i n t he

,

m a tter b u t le ft m e t o w o rk ou t my o w n destin y The grea t p h y s i ci an

,
.
,

t o wh o m I w as tak en ab ou t th i s tim e a ls o gav e m e h i s a dv i ce o n th is ,

point Mas tu rb a tion he s a id i s d e a th A nu mbe r o f yo u ng m en c om e

.
‘
,
’
,
‘
.

t o m e w i th th e sa m e s t ory I t e ll the m th ey are k i ll i ng th e m selv e s and

.
,

y o u w i ll k i ll yo u rs e lf t oo Th e do ct or s h op e w a s a pp a re n t l y t o fright e n
.
’ ’

hi s you ng p at i en ts i nt o wh a t h e c o n c e i v e d t o b e n a tu ra l c o n di t ions of l i fe ,

a nd o ne w e n t a w a y f rom h im w i th t h e impr es s ion th a t e v e ry s e x u a l

m ani fe s tat ion i n on e s self w as a p h ys i ca l i nfirmi ty d u e to one s o w n

’
,
’

mora l w ea kne ss It to ok m e som e tim e b efore I c ou ld m ak e u p my min d

.

t o foll ow my fa th er s adv i ce b u t a fter a period o f rea l moral agony I

’
,

del i berat el y a n d en tire l y i n c old blood a cte d u pon i t I sou ght ou t a s ca r .

l e t w om a n i n t he s t re e ts o f a nd w en t h om e w i th h er F rom s om e .

th ing she said to m e I k n e w th a t I gave h er pl ea su re an d s he a sked m e ,

t o c om e t o h er aga in T h i s I did tw i c e b u t w ith ou t any re al p l easu re

.
,
.

Th e wh o l e th i n g w a s t oo so rdid a n d s o u ll e s s an d th e m an wh o d ec ide s ,

t o take an ev i l m edi ci ne regu l arly h as firs t t o m ak e u p h i s min d th at he

rea ll y needs i t .
 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N I N MEN . 75

A t ab ou t the sa me tim e I cha n ce d t o be for a fe w mo n th s i n a , ,

G e rm an u n i v e rs i ty t o w n a n d I de te rmi ne d a s 1 ha d t h e O p po rt u ni t y t o
, , ,

ca rry the p arental ad v i c e t o t he l ogi cal c o nclu s i o n I tri e d a li cen sed .

h ou se T he p la ce w as clean an d decent a nd t h e c ondit ions I ta ke i t

.
, , ,

s u c h a s o ne w o u l d n o rm a lly fin d i n a n y prop e rl y r eg u l a t e d c o n ti n e n t a l -

c i ty B u t to m e t he wh ole th i ng app ea red u ns p ea ka bly h orri ble It w as

. .

a p u re l y c omm e r c i a l tra n s a ct ion a nd i t h a d not ev e n t h e re d ee mi n g

,

e l e m e n t O f ri s k t o o n e s s e lf o r o f O fl e nse a g a i ns t a s oc i a l or di s c i
'
’
,

p l i n a ry c od e I c a
. m e a w a y fee l i n g t h a t I h a d t o u ch ed b o tt om i n my

se x u a l expe ri e n c e s an d I u n d e r s t oo d wh a t i t w as th a t F a u s t s a w wh e n
,

t h e red mo u se S pr a n g from t h e mo u th o f t h e w i t ch i n t he Wal p u rgi s

d an ce .

T hese w ere the onl y o cca sions u pon wh i ch I h a v e ha d sex u a l i nter

“

co u rse w i th w omen L o o king b a ck to th em no w th ey a ppea r to m e t o

.
,

h av e bee n a lmos t inev i ta ble ; b u t i f I ha d m y li fe o v e r aga i n I w ou l d

s h u n th e m as I w ou l d a l e th a l dra u ght I b el i ev e I c a m e o u t of t h e fire
.

u n sc a th e d ; pro b a bl y i n d ee d i t did m e good i n t h e s e n se th a t i t m a d e i t

, , ,

poss i ble for m e t o l o o k dee pe r i nt o li fe ; th o u g h to wh a t ex ten t seei ng

t h e t orm ent s o f t h e d a m n e d m a k e s u s do th i s pe rh a p s o nl y a D an t e ,

cou ld te ll To ga i n kn owledge a t the e xpe n se o f t he sh a m e an d mi se ry

.

of oth ers I h ol d t o be fu n da m en ta ll y w rong an d immora l Wha t i s t o .

m e h o w e ve r t he ch i e f a n d b i tte r e s t th ou ght i s t h a t I fl u n g a w a y t h e
, ,

firs t spring o f m anh ood wh ere I go t no l ove i n re tu rn H i s virgin i ty i s .

,

or sh ou l d b e a s glorio u s an d sac red a po ss es s ion to a yo u th as t o a

,

ma iden ; t o b e g u a rde d j ea l ou sl y ; to b e gi ven on l y at t h e ca ll of l ove ,

—
t o one wh o l ove s h im b e i t co mrade mi stres s or w i fe and wh om he ,
— ,

c an l o v e i n r et u rn .

Th e fu ll u n i v e rs i ty l i fe i nt o wh i ch I n o w e n te re d a t t h e age o f 20
“ -

b rou ght w i th i t a flood of ne w ideas fee lings and sen sat ion s T he fri en d
, ,
.

s h ip s I m a d e th e re w i ll a lw a y s r e m a i n t h e c e n tr a l o ne s i n my l i fe Up .

to m y las t t e rm a t c oll ege a t t he ag e o f 24 I s ti ll w ore my ch a i n m ai l of -

a r ti fic i a l ch a s t i ty ; b u t th e n a ch a n ge gra d u a ll y se t i n a n d I b eg an t o ,

u n d e r s t an d t h e r e la t io n s h ip o f t h e p h y s i ca l p h e n om e na O f s ex t o i t s

in te llectu al and im ag i na t iv e m ani fes ta t ions ( I w a s n ot de sti ne d t o fu ll y .

real ize th is for s om e yea rs a n d th en ex clu s i v ely th ro u gh an d ou t o f my

o w n p e r s on a l e xpe ri e n c e ) It w as the s t u dy O f Wa lt Wh i tm an s L eaves ’
.

of G r as s th a t fi r s t b rou ght m e l ig ht u po n th i s q u e s t io n H i th ert o I had .

k ep t the t w o th ings l oc ke d u p as i t w ere i n tw o se para te ai r tight com

, ,
-

p a rt m e n t S , m y
-
f ri e n d s h ip s i n o n e my s e x i n s t i,n ct s i n a n o th e r-— t o b e ,

kep t u nder and re pres sed b y th e p u bl i c s ch oo l c ode as I c on ce i ved i t -

.

It i s needless to sa y t ha t I w as c ont i nu ally trou bled by th e c u s

“

to m ary s ex p h e n om en a : e r o t i c dre a m s l o ss O f se m e n t ro u bl es om e e re c
-
, ,

tions at night e tc These I repress ed as best I c ou l d b y h ab i tu a l m as

, .
, ,

t u rb at i on a nd b y th e regu la r di e t a n d ex e rc i se wh i ch a c a de mi c l i fe m a de
 76 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

poss ible A t one tim e for the period o f a yea r I sh ou l d say I t ri ed t o

.
, ,

o ver co m e th e des ire f o r m a s t u rba tio n by gra d u al stages o n t he princ ip le ,

o f the dr u n kard s cu re by wh i ch he too k ev ery d ay less tipp le by the

’

i nse rtion of o ne p e bble more i n h i s b ott le I m a r ked o n my ca le nda r t he .

e ro ti c drea m s a n d t he n ig hts o n w h i ch I m a s t u r b a t e d and s o u ght g ra d u ,

a l l y t o e x t en d t he i nt er v e n i ng p e riods S i x w e e k s h o w e v e r w a s t he
.
, ,

l onges t time for wh i ch I w as a ble t o ab stai n .

”

A f ew y ea rs la ter t he w rite r o f th i s c omm un i ca t io n fo rm ed a n int i

m a te relat ionsh i p ( i n w h i ch he d i d no t ma ke t he firs t a d va nces ) w i th a
yo u th s ome years you nger th an h im se lf a nd of l o w e r s oc i a l class wh ose
, ,

d eve l opmen t he w as able t o ass i s t B u t f or my p a rt . h e re m a r k s

“
I ,
”
,
“

o w e h im a s m u ch a s I g a v e h im f or h i s l o v e l igh t e d u p t h e go ld o f a ff e c
,

tion tha t w as i n m e a nd c onsu me d the dros s It w as from h im tha t I .

firs t lea rne d tha t th ere w as no su ch thi ngs as a h a rd and fas t l ine be - -

tw ee n t he p h y s i c al and t he s piri tu al i n frien ds h ip T h i s relat ionsh ip .

”

las te d f or so m e yea rs w hen t he you ng m a n m arri ed ; i ts e fiec ts are d e

,
‘

s c ri b e d a s v e ry b en e fic i a l t o b o th p a rt i e s ; a ll t h e se x u a l t ro u bl e s v a n i s h e d ,

t oge the r w i th the des ire t o m astu rbat e E v e ry t h i ng i n l i fe b ega n t o

.

s ing w i th j oy a n d wh a t l i ttl e O f r e a l c r ea ti v e w ork I m a y h av e done I

,

a ttr i b u te la rge ly to t h e po w e r o f w ork th a t w as b orn i n m e d u ri ng th os e

years .
”

CAS E X I V I w a s b orn i n E ngland 34 years ago My parents

. .

w ere b o th E ngl i sh and th e y m arri e d you ng My gran d fathe r ma rri ed

,
.

a t a n a d v an ce d ag e ha v ing bee n i n t he army My du ties are cleri cal

, .
,

a n d b r i n g m e i n to t ou ch w i th a w id e c ir cl e o f fri en d s a nd a c q u a i n t a n c es .

“
A t a n ea rly ag e f or a b oy I w as sen t t o b oardi ng s ch ool b ei ng -

s ca r c e l y 8 y e a rs o l d Ti ll th en I do not remem ber t o h ave h a d any

.

s e x u al fee l i n g As s oo n as I w en t t o s ch oo l I d ev e l op e d dee p a fie c t i o n
'

f or th o se of my s ch oolfell ow s wh o w ere w el l b u i lt and h an dso me I .

s p en t m u ch t im e i n de v i s i ng m eans o f m e e t i ng th e m W i th one b oy i n .

p a rti c u lar wh o no w oc cu pie s a di sti ng u i sh e d pos i ti on i n s oc iety I w a s

, ,

v e ry frien dly h av i ng f o r h im a s trong sex u al passion wh i ch I did no t

, ,

u nd er s ta nd — n o r h e e —
i th er th o u gh w e u se d al w ay s to c ree p i n to o ne or
t h e o th e r s b e d e v e ry n ight I su ff e re d from ere ct ions at the th ou ght of
’
.

han ds om e b oy s eve r s in ce I w as 8 years old b u t I did n ot u ndersta n d ,

a n y th i ng a b ou t s e x u a l m a tt e r s u n t i l I w a s 1 5 D u ri ng th o se y ea rs o f .

S ch oo l l i fe th o u gh I s u ff e re d e r e ct io n s a t t he s l ig hte s t m a rk s o f a fiec t i o n
'
-
,

from b oy s I neve r too k the s lightes t n oti ce O f gir ls or w om en n o r felt

, ,

a ny s e x u a l d es ires for th e m A ll I w an te d t o do w as t o pres s my b ody

.

ag a i ns t th a t o f t h e bo y s I l o v e d or t o h a nd l e th e ir se x u a l org ans
, A t 15 .

a b oy o ne d a y i n d u c e d m e to ru b h i s p a r t s a n d h e did t h e sa m e t o m e , .

I did not l i ke the sensa tio n at al l ; b u t he i ndu ce d m e t o contin u e prac

ti c ing o n h im t i ll he h ad an emi ss ion I did not h ave t he experi ence an d .
,

h e t o l d m e I w as t oo you ng I u se d a fte r th a t o ccasiona lly to ru b my

.
 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N I N MEN . 77

ow n pa rts b u t there b eing no emi ss ion I con clu de d th a t th ere w as som e

, , ,

th ing w rong w i th m e and tha t I w as impote nt S oo n a fter I w as 16

,
.
,

h oweve r an other b oy acc o sted m e wh om I w a s v ery fond of and I h ad

, ,

a n e mi ss ion i n a v e ry f e w mom e nt s A fte r th a t f or s om e y ears I u se d

.

m u tu a ll y to gra ti fy my self w i th t he sam e b oy frien d as o ften a s th ree or -

fou r t imes a w eek b u t w e nev er a tte mp te d nor ha d a ny i ncl i nation t o

, ,

a tt e mp t p e ne tra t io n o f t h e an u s ;
, from th i s pra cti c e I u se d t o i nvari ably
fin d th a t w e s h ran k a s u nn a tu r a l an d b e a s tl y .

“
My dee p a tta ch m en t t o my fri en d s an d a freen ess o f i nte rc o u r se ,

an d c o nv e rs a t io n di si n cl ined m e fro m s o li ta ry m a s tu rb a tion wh i ch I

, ,

o nly pra cti ce d wh en ab se nt from my b oy fri en d s for a l ong t im e I never -

.

su ff e r e d m u ch f rom e ro t i c dre a m s b u t wh en I did I e i th e r h a d n o c o n

, , ,

sc i o u s n e s s o f sex u a l e mi s s ion or i f I h a d i t w a s i nv a ri ably drea ming

, , ,

t h a t I w a s w i th s om e b oy fri en d It w as onl y o n ce th a t I su fiered from ’

-
.

a ny se x u a l p as s io n f o r a w om a n a n d i n th a t c a s e S h e w a s b oyi sh i n
,

m anner and mu ch li ke a p a rt i cu la r fri en d O f mi ne I did n ot h ow eve r

, .
, ,

a tt emp t t o h a v e a ny se x u a l r e l a t io n s w i th h e r ; o th erw i se I h a v e ne v er ,

h ad n or h a v e n o w a n y s e xu al p as s ion f or w om e n ; n or h av e I h a d re la
, ,

tion s o f any k ind w i th the m S om e o ne S h ow ed m e w h en I w as ab ou t 20

.
, ,

a n u m be r o f p h o t og ra p h s o f n u d e w om e n b u t th ey o nl y r e p u l se d on e ,
.

If I w e re t o m a rry i t w ou l d b e so le ly for the sa k e of friendsh ip an d I ,

s h o u l d b e b o u n d t o e xp l a i n b e f or e c on t r a ct i n g a n y S u ch a ll i a n c e th a t I

s h o u l d n o t pro b a bl y s l ee p w i th my w i fe at al l .

I a lwa y s prefe rr ed as fri en d s b oy s O f good a ppea ran ce ; b u t I h av e

h a d as fri en d s b oy s wh o w e r e p l a i n i n a pp ea ra n ce And a s w e h av e .

grow n u p to m anh oo d and midd le age w e h a v e no t been a sh am ed o f o u r

e a r l i e r a ff e ct io n b u t h a v e a lw a y s r e s p e cte d a n d l o v e d o ne a n o th e r more
,

t h a n w e prob a bl y s h o u l d o th e rw i s e h a v e don e .

I n ge nera l I ga th e r th a t p u bl i c s ch oo l b a rr a ck an d sh ip l i fe a n d
“ -

, , ,

o ffic e s,
— s u ch a s t h e tel egra p h a n d fac t ori es — wh e r e b oy s are en ga ge d i n
.
,

l a rge nu m b e rs t en d to dev el op a pass io n wh i ch free r i n ter c ou rs e w i th

,

girls and w ome n w ou ld i n m a ny ca se s tu rn i nt o the ordi nary a ccep te d

, ,

ch annel s of sexu a l p ass ion I n o ti ce th a t b oy s wh o w ork i n c otton mi lls

.
-

w i th girl s al mos t in va ri ably h av e frequ ent a tte m pte d s exu al c onne ctio n
w i th g irls ; b u t o n t he othe r han d th a t b oys w h o are m e rel y th row n
, ,

t og e th e r w i th o u t w om e n d o i n v ery m a n y ca se s a cqu ir e a h a b i t O f m u t u al
s e x u a l gra t i fic a t io n or o f se xu a l d es ire i n ca se s wh ere sh yness preven ts
,

a ck n o wl e dgm e n t o f t h e p a s s io n .

“
M y h ab it s are fri e n d l y an d i ns tin cti vel y I c an j u dge wh e th er a
,

b oy s min d i s o n the sexu a l p ass ion Man y tim es b oys h av e th ank ed m e

’
.

for ta lk ing t o the m an d tell i ng th em my v i ew s o f t h e qu es tion P u bl i c .

s ch oo l b oy s a n d b oy s i n c om for ta bl e po s i t io n s i n l i fe are di s ti n ctl y m ore

a ddi c t e d t o h omo s ex u a l p ass io n th an b oy s i n p o or c ir c u m s ta n c es My .

moral v iew o f t he m a tte r i s th at secre t m astu rb a t io n i s a n ab s o lu te ev il ,

 78 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

th a t t he e c on omi c c ondi tions o f w om en m a ke i t alt oge th er u n fa ir t o u se

the m a s m e rel y channels for sat is fying sexu a l pa ss ion th a t p h ys i cal ,

cont inen ce i s impo ss ible and th a t i t i s the re fore be t ter t o s prea d ab roa d
, , ,

th a t spiri t o f O pe n co mra de s h ip wh i ch i s nat u ra l to m a ny m en an d b oy s ,

an d wh i ch r e s u lts wh e n t h e b ody i s imp as s io n e d i n m u t u a l se x s a t i s fac -

tion Aga ins t thi s stands t he l aw wh i c h i s a re li c o f t he ages gone b y

.
,
.

It i s a fa r ce wh ere eve ry p u bl i c sch oo l b oy kn o w s and i n mos t ca se s

,
-

, , ,

pra cti ces h o mosex u a l h a b i t s to a tta ch a pe na lty to t he pra ct i ce It

, , .

might a s reas o nably b e ena cted th a t a d u lte ry w i th w om en i s a p ena l

’

O fi e ns e .

“
lly I enjoy good hea lth a nd am no t su bj e ct to any di sea se
P e r s ona , ,

tha t I am a wa re o f m enta ll y or p hy s i ca lly , .

”

C E XV
A S — I a m an E ngl i sh m a n 3 0 y e a r s O f ag e h igh b re d re fi ned
.
“
, , , ,

a nd s en s i t i v e I had I b e li e ve a p a te rna l an d m ate rna l u n cle wh o w ere

.
, ,

b o th sexu a lly i n ver te d T h ey b o th die d b e fore th ey w ere 40 I canno t

. .

remem be r when I did no t ta ke an in te res t i n my o w n sex I did n ot d i s .

c o ve r t he a c t O f m as tu rb a tion be fore I w as 10 an d from th a t t im e u p t o ,

2 1 c o n fi ne d my s elf en tir e ly t o th a t th o u g h I c on c e i v e d v io l e nt p a s s io ns ,

for sch oo lfe ll o w s u nk n ow n to th em I h av e s ca rcel y e ve r dream t o f any .

se x u a l i n t e r c o u r s e w i th m en a n d d o n o t h a v e e ro t i c drea m s , .

I a m capa bl e o f grea t regard an d l i k i ng for w ome n wh en I de em

th e m w orth y o f it ; o th erw i se I hav e a s trong repu l s ion to th em an d
'

h ave nev e r to u ch e d a w om an I c on side r tha t i n my p ar ti c u lar ca se .

m arriage w ou l d b e a gre a t w rong to t h e w om an I am a ttra ct e d b y m o s t .

form s O f p h ys i c al b eau t y i n o u tl ine c ol ori ng feat u re et c T here i s no

, , , ,
.

s pe c i a l re l a t io n t o ag e or cl a s s th ou gh for a grea t fri en ds h i p I w ou l d ,

m u ch pre fer a gentlem a n I do n ot pra c t i c e p ced i ca ti o a nd v e ry ra re ly

.
,

f ell a ti o I l i ke e mb ra c em en t s spoo n i ng an d rea l k i ss ing f oll ow e d b y

‘ ’
.
, , ,

m u tu a l m as tu rb a t ion .

I n app e ara n c e I a m more b ea u t i fu l th an h an d s om e w i th v ery l a rge

“
,

ey e s a n d G r e c i a n c a st O f fea t u re s
,
I resem ble m y mo ther and h ave i n .
,

he ri t e d from h e r a d e l i c a t e and pr e t t y c o mp l e xio n A t s ch oo l I nev e r .

cared m u ch for ga mes pre ferr ing t o w alk a l one or w i th a ch osen or int i
,

m a te fri end I am of se de nt a ry h a b it s and fon d O f h ea ri ng m u s i c P e n i s

. .

i s v e ry l arge .

I am a firm bel i ev e r i n th e ab s ol u te nat u ra lness o f m y s ex u al i n

“

c l i nat i o n s I a m de press ed at t im es es pe c i ally w h en I a b sta i n from ev ery

.
,

form o f ero ti c i ndu lgen ce I am n o t v a i n e x cep t i n t h e ordi nary sen se

.
,

of be i ng an xiou s to p le ase a nd h av e a fe el ing o f s u rpri se wh en anyo ne I

,

l i ke ev i n ce s a l i k ing for m e .
”

—
CAS E X V I E ngl i shm an aged 5 1 ; gov ernm en t O ffi c i a l N o th ing
.
, .

rem ark able i n a nces t ry so f ar a s he i s a w a re ; on h i s fat h e r s s ide th ere

,
’

h av e be en m a n y s o l di e r s ; h i s mo th er s fa mi l y h e d e s c ri b e s a s w i l d an d “
’

d are d ev i l w i th spark s o f geni u s At a pri v ate s ch oo l he w ent t o a s a

-

,
”
.
 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N I N MEN . 79

yo u ng b oy he w as S po o ne d b u t no t tau gh t any tri c k s Wh en 14 y ea rs

, ,
.

O f ag e a yo u ng o ffi c e r o n a v i s i t to hi s b ro th e r s go t i nt o b e d w i th h im

an d h a d h im i nter f em or a sev e r a l t im e s F r o m th a t t im e onw a rd h e h as.

a l w a y s d es ire d th i s d o n e t o h im w i th s om e v io l en c e or t o ta k e h im se lf ,

t he a ct i v e p a rt H e h a s o cc a s io na l l y m a s t u rb a ted b u t o nl y f au te d e
.
,

m i eu r . E ro ti c drea m s a re r a re a nd h a v e ne v e r b een v i v id ; th e y h a v e
a l w ay s b e e n o f n u d e m a l e s H e has a s t rong re p u g na n c e t o w om en
. It .

i s w i th di ffi c u lt y th a t h e r e s tra i n s h im s e lf from b e i ng r u d e t o a w o m a n

d efe c ti ve i n ta ct or b ree din g no r do good look s or i nte llect a ff ect th i s
,

s tr o n g p rej u di c e H e h a s n ev e r a t te mpte d c o nn e ct io n w i th a w o m an
.
,

a n d s ca r c e l y e v e n d e s ire d i t H e i s u nm arri e d b u t h a s n o a b s ol u te
.
,

a v e rs ion t o t h e id e a o f m a rri age H e i s a tt ra cte d t o m en irres p e cti v e

.
, ,

t o a l a rge e x ten t o f th e ir ca ll i ng or c o n di t io n or e v e n ag e
,
B u t th ey ,
.

m u s t b e v iri le and st ro ngly bu i lt H e find s th a t u n i form or li v ery .

( s ol die rs sa i l ors groom s a nd f oo tm e n ) i s a temp ta t io n H e i s n o t a t

, , , .

tra cted t o t he v e ry yo u ng no r to th e e fiem i na te H e a bh ors p wd i c a ti o ’

. .

H e i s t all and fa ir w i th l ig ht v e ry s o ft h a ir wh i te s o ft S k i n w i t h
, , , , ,

mo u s ta ch e b u t no b e a rd A s b oy a nd as m an he has had no tas te for fie ld

, .

s por ts b u t i s f o n d o f m u s i c b oo k s a rt a n d t h e s e a
, ,
H e s mo k e s free l y ;
, ,
.

canno t w h i s tle I n you th and ea rl y m an h ood h i s se mi na l cap ac i ty w as

.

s i ng u l a r l y gr e a t H e i s s ch o l a r l y a n d e s pe c i a lly l in g u i s t i c i n ta s te s
. .

H e l oa th e s hi s h omo s e x u al i n cl i n a tio ns a lth o u gh p e r fe c t l y na t u r a l ,

t o h im an d con s iders th a t a ll s u ch a b normal se x u al tenden c ies c oncern

,

t h e do c t or and t he mora l i s t no t t he l e gi s la t or , .

—
C S E X V II S c o tc h man aged 38 H i s pa te rnal an ce st ors were
A .
, .

n orm a l s o f a r a s he k n o w s
,
H i s m o th e r b e l onge d to a v e ry e cc en t ri c O l d
.

Ce lti c fami ly S oon a fte r 5 he be cam e so ena more d O f a you ng sheph erd
.

t h a t t h e b oy h a d t o b e se n t a w a y H e pra ct i ce d m as t u rb a ti on m any
.

yea rs be fore t h e age o f p u b er ty and a tta che s importan ce t o th i s as a ,

fa ctor i n th e ev ol u tion o f hi s h omosexu a l l i fe .

H e h a s h a d e ro ti c drea m s ra r el y a b o u t m en ab o u t w om en more f t c ,

q u en tl y Wh il e i nd ifl erent t o w om en h e has no rep u l sion to w ard th em

.
'

, .

H e h a s h a d c o nn e ct io n w i th w o m e n t w o or th re e t i m e s b u t w i th o u t ex ,

p e ri e n c i n g t h e s a m e p a ss io n a t e e mo t io n s a s w i th m e n .

H e w ou l d l i k e a s o n b u t h e h a s ne v e r b ee n a bl e t o g e t u p t h e nec e s
,

sa ry a mo u n t of p a s s io n t o l ea d t o m a rri ag e .

H e h a s a lw ay s h a d a s en t im e n t a l and P l a to n i c a ff e ction for m en .

O f l a te yea r s h e h a s f orm e d t w o fri e n d sh ip s w i th ad u l ts o f an a fie c t i o nat e

'

a n d a l s o e ro t i c ch a r a cte r H e c a re s l i ttl e f or a n y th i n g be yon d m u t u a l

.

m as tu rb at ion an d k i s s i ng ; w h at h e de s ire s i s t he l ov e o f t h e m al e .

I n a pp e a r an c e th e re i s n o th i ng ab n orm al ab o u t h im ex c e p t an a i r
of you th H e i s v igorou s b o th i n b ody a nd min d an d h as enorm ou s
.
,

po we r o f res i st i ng fat igu e H e i s an ex celle nt m a n o f b u s iness I s a

. .

p a tien t stu dent H e sees no h arm i n hi s h om osexu al pas sions H e i s

. .
80 SE XUAL I NVERS I O N .

a v erse t o promis cu i ty H is ideal i s a pe rm anen t u nion wh i ch i nclu de s

.

s ex u a l re l a t ions .

—
CA E XV II I E ngl ish m an of i ndependen t m ea n s age d 35 b el ong
S , , ,

i ng t o a n ordi na ri l y h ea lth y fa mi l y s o f a r a s h e kn o w s H e w a s t he o n l y , .

s o n a nd w a s b ro u g ht u p a t h om e w i th t w o s i s t e r s u n ti l t h e ag e o f 14
,
.

A t sch oo l w a s a d e li c a te e fl em i na te b oy s h u nn ing gam e s f or wh i ch h e

,
'

w as n o t s t ron g en o u g h a nd had n o i n cl i na tio n a n d fon d O f m u s i c pi ct u res , , ,

a n d po e t ry H e w as a ls o v ery re l igio u s e v e n t o t h e ve rge o f h y s te ri a

.
,
.

H e h as b e en i n ten se l y att ra cte d t o m e n s o f ar b a ck a s h e c an

re c olle ct T h e on ly w o men wh o a ttra cte d h im w ere m u ch O l der th an
.

h im self and t h e feel i ng w as nev er se x u al A t sc h oo l h e had onl y o ne

, .

l ove afiai r w i th a c omra de ; he w as res tra i ne d b y religio u s feeli ng a t t h e

-
'

exp e nse ( h e h a s S i n c e b e e n i n cl i ne d t o th i n k ) o f hi s h ea lth A t t h e .

u n i v e rs i ty h e fo rm ed a grea t f ri e nd s h ip w i th a n o th e r s ex u a l i nv e r t wh i ch ,

lasted for nearl y t en yea rs a lth ou gh t he tw o friend s had l i ttle i n com ,

m o n b eyon d th e ir sex u a l fee l i ngs .

B e tw ee n the ages of 19 a nd 2 7 he w a s a cc u st om ed t o m a s tu rb a te .

H e d oe s no t h o w eve r c on s id e r th a t th i s w a s v o l u n tary ; i t too k pl a ce i n a

, ,

s or t o f dr ea my s t a t e be tw e e n s l ee pi n g an d w ak i n g a nd w a s a cc omp a n i e d ,

by la s c i v iou s th o u gh ts and dream s of m en F rom t he age of pu b erty he .

h as su ff er e d i n t e n s el y from e rot i c d re a m s and a t t h e pres e n t tim e wh e n , ,

h i s se x u a l i nst i n ct s are no t s a t i s fi ed th ey o cc u r at l eas t on ce a w ee k It ,

.

h as n o t i ndee d b e en a t a l l u n c ommo n for t h e m to o cc u r th r ee t im e s i n

, ,

o n e n ight A t firs t th e y w ere o f w om en b u t no w a lmos t i nvariabl y of

.
,

m e n W om e n do n o t a ttra ct h im a nd h e ha s n e v e r h a d s e x u a l i nte r c ou rs e
.
,

w i th one alth ou gh wh en ab o u t t he ag e of 2 1 h e tri ed h ard to force h im

,

se lf t o go w i th w om e n n e ve r h o w e v e r proce edi ng so f ar as th e ac t o f
, , ,

c oi t ion Int elle ctu all y h e l i ke s w ome n v ery m u ch and w om en are among
.
,

h i s g rea t es t fri e n d s H e w o u l d gl a d l y m a rry a s h e l o ng s for c omp a n ion

.
,

s h ip an d for ch i l dre n b u t h e dr e a d s i na b i l i ty t o sa t i s fy a w om a n a nd t h e
,

d ange r o f fa ll i ng i n l ov e w i th a m a n H e i s m o stl y a ttra cted to you ths .

o f from 18 to 24 sl ightly b u il t an d pre tt y ra ther th a n h a nd s ome B ig

, , .

m u s cu la r m en h av e l i ttl e a ttractio n for h im H e find s th a t m ere c on ta ct .

o f b ody t o b ody i s s u ffi c i en t t o p rod u ce t h e p hys i cal eff e cts an d pl eas u re

of coi t ion P crd i c a ti o di sgu sts h im u nle ss h e i s p ass ion a tel y d ev oted t o
.
,

a p e r s o n wh o i n s i s t s u pon i t a nd e v e n th e n h e fee l s i t t o b e d e b as i n g an d
,

b e s tial F ella ti o ex c i te s h im in ten sel y H e find s th a t modera te i nte r

. .

c ou rse w i th hi s ow n sex does h im good and h e feel s b et te r and s tro nger ,

for i t .

Alth ou gh formerl y e ff em in ate he i s no t n o w O f u nm anl y appear ,

an ce . H e i s fo n d O f b oa ti ng a n d w a lk i ng b u t o f n o o th e r a ct i v e p u rs u i ts ,
.

H e i s m u s i c a l an d w ri te s a good d e a l ; h as pu bl i sh e d
,
I s v ery su s .

c e pt i b l e t o s c e nt s and c o l ors s mo k es a n d i s fon d o f s oc i e ty di n i n g o u t a

, , ,

good d eal wh en i n L ondon H e prid es h im self th at th ou gh hi s i ns ti ncts .

,
 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N I N MEN . 81

are m anl y h e i s able to h ide th em w i th som e su ccess and th a t h e

no t , ,

doe s no t l oo k l i ke a sexu a l i nvert H is O pi n i on rega rdi ng th e mora l .

as p e ct s o f t h e m a tte r m a gi v e n i n h i s o w n w ords : M f l i g b o t “
y b e y ee n a u

th i s su bj ect i s a v ery mix e d one a nd hard t o defin e It w orri es an d d e .

presses m e in tense ly a t t im es I h ave had tw o or th ree grea t pas s ions f or

.

m en yo u ng e r th a n my s e lf S om e tim es th e y b eg i n w i th m e re s ex u al
.

a ppe t i te b u t th i s i s a lw a y s se c o n d ary a n d my o ne w i s h i s t o d ev o t e
, ,

my self an d wh a t l ittle m eans I h a ve s imp ly to th e w e lfare o f th e pers o n

I l ove B u t I m u s t have en tir e possess ion and am m adl y j eal ou s I
.
,
.

w ou ld g i v e an y th i ng n o t t o b e a n u rn ing and I h ave tri ed and fou ght ,

agai n s t my i n s ti n ct s for ye a r s b y e v e ry m e a n s — rel ig ion h yg i ene etc I — , ,

.

c a n th i nk o f I feel su re i t i s n atu ra l t o m e b u t th at i t i s di sease I d o

.
,

n o t feel c e r ta i n O f i t s e x tra ordi nary pre v a len c e I am ass u re d f or I h a v e

.
,

fou n d i t eve ry whe re—I hav e travele d a good dea l— and i n al l s ta tions o f
l i fe
”
.

CA ES X I X — I ris h age d 3 6 ; kn o ws of n oth i ng u nu s u al i n hi s an

,

c e s try H i s t a s te s a re m a s c u l i ne i n ev e ry re s p e ct
. H e i s s t ro ng h e alth y .
, ,

a n d fon d o f e x er c i s e s a n d s por ts T h e s ex u a l i ns t i n c t s are abn orm a ll y

.

dev el ope d ; a n d he c on fesses t o a n en ormou s a ppe ti te for al mos t every

—
th ing food dri nk s mo k i ng a nd al l th e good th i ngs o f li fe
, , , , .

A t a b ou t t he a ge o f 14 h e pra cti ced m a s tu rb a t ion w i th o the r b oys

o f th e sa me age and a ls o h ad m u ch p l ea s u re i n b e ing i n b ed w i th an
,

u n cl e w i th wh om t h e s a m e th i n g w a s pra ct i c ed L a t e r o n h e pr ac t i c e d .

mas tu rba tion w i th e ve ry b oy or m a n w i th wh om he w as o n terms o f

i n tima c y ; to h av e b een i n bed w i th an yo ne w i th ou t an yth i ng of the
so r t ta k ing p l a c e w o u l d h a v e m a d e s l e e p impo s s i bl e an d r en de re d h im ,

u t te r l y w re tch e d H i s e ro ti c dre a m s a t fir s t w e re c on cern e d w i th w om en

.
,

b u t more re cen tl y th e y are u s u a ll y o f you ng m en a nd v e ry ra rel y of ,

w om en H e i s mos tl y i ndi ff eren t to w om en as al s o the y h av e a lways

.
,

b ee n t o h im A lth ou gh good l oo k i ng st rong an d m as cu l i ne h e h as n ev er

.
, , ,

kn ow n a w om an t o b e i n l o ve w i th h im Wh en ab ou t the ag e of 18 he .

im agined he w a s i n l ov e w i th a gir l ; a n d h e h ad o ft en be tw een th e ages ,

o f 20 t o 30 c oh ab i te d w i th pros ti tu tes H e re m em b ers on o ne oc cas ion

,
.
,

m a n y yea rs ag o h a v i n g c onn e ctio n w i th a w om an s ev en or e ight tim e s

,

i n o ne n i ght an d th en h a v i ng t o m a s tu rb a te a t n oo n th e ne x t d ay
,
H e .

i s u n m arri ed and th i nk s i t i s u n l i k el y th a t he ev er w i ll m arry b u t he

, ,

a dds th a t i f a h ea lth y h an d s ome a n d i n t e ll ige n t w om a n fe ll i n l ov e w i th

, ,

h i m h e might ch ange h i s mi n d as i t w o u l d b e l on el y t o b e ol d an d al o n e
, ,

a n d h e w o u l d l i k e t o h a v e ch i l dr en .

H e i s nev e r a tt ra cted t o m en o l d e r th a n h im se lf and p re fe r s you th s ,

b etw een the ages of 18 and 25 T h ey m ay b e o f any c l ass b u t h e does .

,

n o t l i k e c o mmo n p e op l e a n d i s no t a tt a ch e d t o u n i form s or l i v eri e s

,
Th e .

requ i s i te a tt ra c t ions are a n in te lli gen t eye a v olu p tu ou s mou th and , ,

“
intel l igent teeth If Al c i b i ades h im self tri ed t o w oo m e he say s
.
” “
,
”
,

a
82 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

“
and h ad b ad tee th h i s l ab or w o u l d b e i n vai n H e has som e tim es been
,
.

t he a ct i ve p a r t i c ip a n t i n p wd i ca ti o a n d h a s t ri e d t h e p a s s i ve rO l e o u t o f
,

cu riosi ty b u t prefe rs fel la ti o

, .

H e do e s n ot c o n s id e r th a t he i s d o i ng any th i ng w rong an d regard s ,

h i s a c ts a s qu i te na tu ra l H i s o n l y r eg r e t i s th e a b s orb i ng n a tu re o f h i s
.

p a ss ion s wh i ch o bt ru de th em selves i n sea son an d o u t o f sea son se l dom

, ,

or n e v e r l ea v ing h im qu i et and s ometim es m a k ing h i s l i fe a h ell Y et

,
.

h e dou bts whe th er he w o u l d ch an ge h im se lf ev en i f h e ha d t he po w e r ,

.

S —
C E XX Age 25 ; i s emp l oy e d i n an ordin a ry w orksh op and l ives
A .
,

i n t h e b a ck a lle y o f a l a rge t o w n i n wh i ch h e w a s b orn and b re d F a ir .

,

s l ight a n d r e fi ned i n a pp ea r an c e
,
T h e sex u al org a n s are n orm a l and
.

w ell devel o pe d an d t he sexu al p ass ions s trong H i s mother i s a b ig

,
.

m as c u l ine w oman and h e i s mu ch a tta ch ed t o h er F a th er i s sl ight and

, .

w ea kly H e has se ven b ro th e rs and on e S i s te r H omose xu al des ires began

. .

at an e a r l y ag e th o u g h h e doe s n o t s ee m t o h a v e c om e u nd e r a n y per
,

verse in fl u ences H e i s no t incli ned t o m as tu rb a tion E ro ti c drea m s are

. .

a lw ay s o f m al es H e d e cl ares h e n ev e r c are d for any w om a n e x c e p t h i s

.

mo th er and th a t h e c ou l d n ot end u re t o sleep w i th a w om an

, .

H e sa y s he ge ra ll y fa ll s i n l ov e w i th a m a n a t fi rs t s ight as a
n e —
ru le som e o ne old er th an h im self a nd o f h igh er cla ss—a nd l ongs t o sleep
,

an d b e w i th h im I n o ne c as e he fe ll i n l o v e w i th a m an tw i c e hi s o w n
.

ag e ,
a n d w o u l d n o t re s t u n t i l h e h a d w on h i s a ff e ctio n H e do es n ot .

mu ch care wh a t form th e sexu a l relat ion ta kes H e i s sensi t iv e and femi .

n in e b y n a t u re gen tl e and a ff e ctio nat e

, , H e i s n ea t and ord e r l y i n h i s
.

h ab its and fond of h ou se w ork ; h elp s hi s mo th e r i n w ash ing et c H e

, , .

a pp ea rs t o th i nk th a t m a l e att a ch m e n ts a re p e rfe ctl y n a tu ra l .

—
CAS E X X L E ngl i sh m an 3 1 yea rs of age a n a ct or H e r em arks
, ,
.

th a t hi s fa ther and m oth e r were pas s ionl ess an d th a t th i s w as p os si bl y ,

a c a u se o f neu rop a th i c di s ord e r ( It m ay h a v e b een a symp t om o f i t )

. .

H omos exu al desires b egan so ea rl y tha t i t i s imposs ible t o trace th em ,

an d s ch ool fri en d s h ip s w e r e se rio u s pa s s ions

-
Mas tu rba tion h a d he d e .
,

cl a re s n o th i ng to do w i th hi s in cl in a tio ns H i s e ro ti c dre a m s a re alw ay s

, .

of boy s and h e h a s an i ntense p h y s i ca l av ers ion t o w omen H e i s at

, .

t ra cted to i ndiv idu al s wh o are sl ightl y eff emi nate esp e ci all y b oy s b e tw een ,

th e age s o f 14 an d 18 H e pra ct i c es c ompl ete p e de ra s ty or a s h e e xpresses

.
, ,

i t th e u tmos t a c t o f pos ses s ion be ca u s e i t i s po sse ss ion

,
“
, H e i s of .

m edi u m h eight fair h air a nd sk i n ; di sl i k es v iol en t amu sem en ts and i s

, ,

a l o v e r o f po e t ry a n d a rt H e b el i ev e s th a t k ep t w i th i n b o u nd s th i s l o ve
.
, ,

i s right and c ap abl e o f b ei ng m a d e nobl e —f ar m or e so th an t h e l o v e o f

, ,

—
w o m a n and th a t t o c al l i t u nna tu ral i s gro s sl y u nj u s t an d u n tru e
, .

—
CA E XX II G entl em an o f S c otch ex tra ction w i th ou t pro fess ion
S .
, , ,

age d 27 I had an u n cle on the m ate rn al S ide wh om I h av e e very re ason

.
“

t o b el i e v e h ad th e s am e in cl i nat i o n s as mys elf Homo sexu al ta stes b egan .

t o sh ow th em se lv e s ab o u t th e age o f 12 wh en I w a s d e v o ted l y a tta ch ed ,

 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N I N MEN . 83

to a c ou s i n of ab ou t th e sa m e age wh o h as si nce m arri ed The h ab i t of ,

.

se lf a b u s e h a s a lw a y s h a d a gr e a t h o l d o n m e a n d i t i s o n l y w i th in a
-

s h or t t im e th a t I h a v e b ro k en my self o f th e pra ct i ce It i s e s p ec i ally .

s t ro ng wh e n I a m a w a y from symp a th e t i c fr i e n d s a nd O p po r t u ni t y of

m ee ting o th ers o f s imi la r tas tes I a m se l dom t rou b led w i th ero ti c .

drea m s ; o n th e f ew o cc asions on wh i ch th ey h a v e ta ken p la c e t h e ex

c i ting obj e ct has gene rally as su m e d t h e form o f som e b oy I ha ve kn ow n .

S e x u a l i n t erc o u rse w i t h w om e n ev en i n im agi n a t io n i s a b s o l u t e l y , ,

rep u ls i v e I enjoy th e ir s o c i ety part i cu la rly th a t of m a rried w om n O n

.
,
e .

t h e v ery f e w oc c a s io ns m an y ye a r s s i n c e wh en I h a d i n te r c o u rse w i t h
, ,

w omen I h ave n ev e r de ri ved t he sl ighte st pleas u re from th e ac t I am

,
.

n o t m a rri e d I regard m a rri age pe rso nally a s a n e ce s s ary ev i l I pre fe r

. .

b oy s a b o u t 17 t o 20 y e a r s o f a g e th o u gh o cc a s io n a ll y sl ig htl y o l d e r m e n ,

a tt r a ct m e I l ik e the smo o th h a irle ss fa ce and b od y o f a b oy ; a s l igh t

.
,

femini ne t ra i t a dd s t o t he attraction b u t i t m u s t n o t b e t o o d e vel op e d ,

.

I pre fe r dark b oys to fa ir T h e y m u s t b e o f my o w n class o f l i fe and .

,

re fin ed ; I am p a r ti cu l a rly se ns i tiv e t o ch a rm o f v oi ce a nd m o de o f ex
press ion and an y c oa rsenes s i n th is pa rti cu l a r h a s t he e fl e c t of re pe ll ing
,
'

me .

ca se o f a f ew b oy s I h av e i nd u lged i n p red i c a ti o b u t on ly
I n t he ,

when th e y are p a rt i cu larl y a ttra ct ive to m e As a genera l ru l e I am .

,

sa t i s fi e d w i th s u ch p l ea su re a s c a n b e obt a i ne d b y t h e u se o f th e h a n d ,

and i n d e ed pr e fe r i t
,
T h e u tte r a ba nd o n o f t h e p e r s o n w i th m e i s n ec es
, .

sa ry t o a n y d egr ee o f p l eas u re an d t he a ct s m u s t b e m u t u a l ,
.

I am ta ll S l ight and da rk w i th a s m all mo u s ta ch e I ha v e always

“
, , ,
.

been deli cate an d a verse t o al l rou gh ga m e s I su ff er a great deal fro m .

ne rv e s an d a m a lw a y s te rri bl y s en s i ti v e to j a rri n g or di s tu rb i ng i nfl u
‘ ’
,

en c e I a m p as sion at el y d ev ot e d t o m u s i c an d in dee d t o art o f al l k i nds

.
, , , ,

th ou gh th rou gh b a d h ea lth my p o w e rs h a v e n ot b een devel ope d to th eir

prope r ex ten t .

I c ons id er th e tas te for se x u al rel at ions w i th my o w n se x t o b e

“

pe rfectl y nat u ra l as e i the r h a v i n g bee n i nh eri te d or a s th e resu lt o f

,

h av i ng b een l ed a s tra y b y an o lde r m an than my se lf at th e ag e of p u b erty .

! It w i l l b e O b s e r v e d t h a t t h e w ord n a t u r a l i s h e r e u s e d i n a p e c u l i a r ‘ ’

se ns e ] A t the sam e t im e I look u po n i t a s a cu rse for i t i s a m oral

.
,

ba rri er betw ee n the ordi na ry ru n O f m an k i n d and my self I ha ve c on .

t e mp t for th o s e wh o a ll ow t h e p ass ion t o c o n qu e r th e m a n d wh o s e l i fe ,

i s s pe n t i n e t e rn a ll y se ek i ng for pe o p l e o f l i k e t a st es I ne ve r regard th e .

ac t o f sex u a l i n t e r c ou r se a s s i n a n d i f c om p a ri s o ns m u s t b e draw n c on
, , ,

s ide r th i s p a r ti c u l a r f orm a s m or e h a r m l e s s i n i t s e ff e ct s th a n t h e l o v e o f

th e oppos i te sex
”
.

CA S E XX III —E ngl i sh m an b orn i n P a ri s ; aged 2 6 ; an a ctor H e

.
,
.

be l ongs to an ol d E ngl i sh fa mi ly ; h i s fat he r s o f ar as h e i s aw a re h a d , ,

n o h om ose xu al i n cl i na t ions n o r h a d any o f h i s anc es to r s o n th e p a t e r na l

,
84 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

s ide ; b el ieves th a t hi s mother s famil y and espe ciall y a ma ternal

b u t he
’
,

u n cl e wh o h ad a s tro ng fee l i ng for b ea u t y o f f o rm w ere more ak i n t o ,

h im i n th i s resp e ct .

H i s ea r l i e s t re c olle ct i o ns S h o w an a tt ra ction f or m a l es A t ch i l dren s ’

.

p ar ti es h e i nc u rre d hi s fa th er s anger b y k i ssi ng o ther sm a ll b oys and h i s

’
,

feeli ngs grew i n i n tens i ty w i th years H e has nev er pract i ce d self abu se .
-
,

a nd s e l dom h a d e ro t i c dr ea m s ; wh en they do o ccu r t h ey are ab ou t

m ales .

H i s p h y s i ca l feel ing f or w o m e n i s one o f ab s o l u te i n di ff e rence H e .

a dmir es b ea u t i fu l w om en i n t he s am e w ay a s o ne a dmire s b eau t i fu l

s c ene ry A t the sa me t im e h e l i kes t o ta lk w i th cl ever w om en and has

.
,

forme d many friend s h ip s w it h frank p u re and cu ltiva ted E ngl i sh girls , , ,

for wh om he h as the u tmos t ad miration and respect Marriag e i s .

impo ss ible becau se ph ysi ca l pleasu re w i th w om en i s impo ss ibl e ; he h as

,

tri ed b u t cann ot obta in t he sl ightes t sexu al feel i ng or ex c i tement

, , .

H e espe c i a ll y a dmir e s you th s ( th ou gh th e y m u s t no t b e imma tu re )

from 16 or 17 t o abou t 25 The type wh i ch p h y si call y appeal s to h im .

most and t o w h i ch he app eals i s fa ir smooth sk i nned gentle rath er

, , ,
-

, ,

girl ish and e fl em i na te w i th th e e ff em i nanc y o f the i ng énu e n ot the

'

, ,

coco tte H i s fa v ori te t o a tt ra ct h im m u s t b e su b mi ss i ve and w om a n l y

.

h e l i k e s t o b e t h e m an a n d th e m a s t e r O n th i s po in t h e a dds :
“
T he .

grea t p a ssi on o f my l i fe i s an ex cep tio n and s ta nd s on an u tterly di ff erent ,

-

l eve l It real izes an ide al o f m arri age i n wh i ch nei th er i s m as ter b u t

.
,

b o th sh are a join t empire and i n wh i ch tyranny w o u l d b e equ all y pa i nfu l

,

t o b o th B u t th i s frie n d s h ip an d l ov e i s for an equ al a y ea r yo u nger

.
,

th an my self an d doe s n o t precl u d e oth e r and les s c redi table l i ai sons

, ,

p hysi ca l c ons ta n c y b e i ng impo s s i ble to m en o f ou r c a l i b e r

”
.

P ced i c a ti o i s th e s a ti s fa ctio n he pre fers pro v ided he t ak es th e a ct i v e , ,

ne ve r t h e p ass i v e r O l e H e i s h a nd s o m e w i t h b ro a d s h o u l der s good

,
.
, ,

figu re and s om ew h a t class i c type of fa ce w i th fine bl u e e yes H e l ik es

, ,
.

boa ting and ska ting th ou gh n ot c ri ck e t or foo t b all and i s u su all y ready
,
-

for fu n b u t has at the sam e time a tast e for reading

, , ,
.

H e has n o mora l fee l i ngs o n th e se m a tte rs ; he rega rds th e m as ou t

s id e e th i c s m er e m a tte rs o f te mp e ra m en t a nd s o c i a l fee l i n g
,
If E ngl and .

w ere u nde rpopu la ted he th i nks he might pos s ibl y feel s om e sl ight pa ngs
o f re morse ; b u t as th ings are h e feel s th at i n pros titu ti ng m ales rather
, ,

th an fem al es he i s doi ng a m eri to riou s acti on .

—
CAS E XX IV E ngl i sh m an 28 years of ag e bel ongi n g t o an ol d
.
, ,

n ort h c ou n try fa mi l y ; o f n o pro fes s ion

-
F a ir w i th blu e ey es o f m e di u m .
, ,

h e ight and ra th e r th i n ; som e wh a t l ack ing i n energ y and incl in e d t o

, ,

tak e l i fe easi ly H e k n o w s o f no oth er case o f i nv ersion i n hi s famil y

.
,

b eyo n d a di sta n t c ou s in wh o w as th e firs t to enl igh ten h im on th i s su b

j c e t wh en he w a s 20 yea rs o f age .

H e has b een more a tt r acted t o m en th an to w om en a s l ong as h e

 S EXUAL I N VERS I O N I N MEN . 85

c an rem e mb er H e pra ct i ced m as tu rba t ion as a b oy b u t w as alw ay s

.
,

m u ch more ex c i ted w hen do ing so w i th anoth er b oy tha n by h imself H e .

has n ev er s o f ar a s h e re m e m ber s ha d a ny ero ti c drea m s ab ou t w om en

, , ,

b u t o ften a b ou t m en H e h a s so m e t im e s drea m e d th a t he w as b e i ng
.

married to a w om an b y for ce and has a w o ke feeli ng u tterly w retch ed .

H e h as tw i ce t ri ed t o h a v e c o nne ction w i t h pro s t i t u tes b u t f a i le d H e ,

.

thu s w ri tes o f hi s a t ti t u d e I h ave had a v ery goo d exp eri ence o f my

:
“

fee l ings tow ard w om en whi ch I w ill relate Wh en I w as ab ou t 19 y ears

, .

o l d ( be fore I w as en l ightened b y my c ou s in ) I w as th ro w n ve ry m u ch
i n t h e so c ie ty o f a mo s t fa s c i na t i ng and pre tt y m arri e d w om a n o f ab o u t
2 1 y e a r s o f ag e S he h a d j u s t b een d i v or ce d a nd i t w as gen er a ll y s u p
.
,

pose d th a t I w a s ve ry m u ch i n l ov e w i th her and b ei ng you ng I w as , , ,

pro u d o f b e ing th ou ght s o an d tried t o m a ke my self be l ie ve I w as ; b u t

,

I nev er on ce du ri ng tha t time had th e sl ightes t desire to c ohab i t w ith

he r a nd a l th o u g h I u sed t o s po on h er I nev e r go t e x c i te d o r e v en ha d
‘ ’
, , , ,

an e r e ct io n I n fa ct I alw ay s fe l t v e ry n er v o u s wh en i n t h e pres e n ce o f
.
,

a w om a n An u nm a rri e d gir l s imp l y b or es m e t o d ea th Whe n a b oy I

. .
,

a lw a y s l ov e d w i th t he grea tes t O f dev otion b oy s o f my o w n ag e and

, , ,

w ou l d a lw ay s h av e one sp e c ia l frien d whom I w ou l d w ri te mo s t lo v i ng

lette rs to N o w I pre fe r yo u th s from 1 8 t o 2 1 yea rs o f age ; for t he
.

las t th ree yea rs I h ave l ov ed one b oy wh o w as 1 6 y ea rs ol d wh en w e

fi rs t m et ; w e b oth fell i n l ove w i th one ano ther t he mom en t w e m et ; w e
a re a t th i s mom en t a s m u ch i n l o v e w i th o ne a n o th e r as i t i s po ss i ble t o

b e H e i s ce r ta i nl y t h e mo s t m a nl y b oy I h a v e e v e r m e t in my l i fe
. .

H e pre fers a cti v e p a d i c a ti o b u t p a ss i v e p re d i ca ti o a l s o gi v es h im

’
,

p leasu re O n the mora l as p ec ts o f t he m a tte r h e w ri tes : My fee ling as

.
“

rega rd s th i s l ov e for m en i s th a t as l ong as i t i s rec ipro ca l th ere i s no

harm b u t when i t i s an ac t o f pros ti tu tion I th i nk i t w rong e s pe ci ally
, ,
,

wh en pract i ced w i th b oy s at an age when they do n t kn o w their o w n ’

mi nds H e a dd s th a t h e a l w ay s en c o u ra ge s t h e b oy he i s n o w l i v i ng
‘

w i th t o ta lk o f w omen b e cau se alth ou gh h e feels su re the b oy i s as

, ,

m u ch inver ted as he i s h im s elf h e reg a rds h im as no t yet ol d en o u gh t o ,

form a n opi nio n o f hi s ow n Th ere a re s om e obv io u s falla c i e s i n th i s

.

a tt i t u d e b u t t he s u bj e ct m a r k ed l y l a ck s rea s o n i ng po w e r
, .

Then ex t c as e I pr es en t in som e d et ai l ; i t is in t er es t ing as

S h o w ing th e m en t al an d emo t io n al d eve l opm en t i n a v ery r adi c al

c as e o f s exual in v ers ion .

CA E —
S E ngl i s h m a n o f i nd e p end e n t m e an s age d 4 9
XXV . H is , ,
.

fath e r and h i s fa th e r s fa mi l y w ere rob u s t h ealth y and p rol i fic O n h i s

’
, , .

mo th er s S id e p hth i s i s i nsa ni ty an d eccen tri c i ty are trac eable H e b e

’
, , , .

l ongs t o a l arge famil y so me o f wh om died i n early ch i l dh oo d and at

,

b irth wh i le oth ers are norm al H e hi ms elf w as a w ea kly and h ighly

,
.
86 S EXUAL I NVERS I O N .

n er vo us ch i ld bj ct to igh t terrors and somna mb u li sm ex cessiv e shy

, su e n -
,

nes s a nd r el ig io u s di squ i e tu de .

S e x u al c ons c io u sne s s a w ok e b e f or e t he ag e o f 8 wh en hi s at te nt ion ,

w as dire cted t o h i s o w n pe n i s H i s nu r s e wh il e o u t w a lk i ng w i th h im
.
,

o n e d ay ,t old h im t ha t when l i ttle b oy s grow u p the ir penes fall o fi '

Th e nu rse ry m a id s nigge r ed and he f e lt th a t th e re m u s t b e s om e th i ng

-

p e cu l ia r ab ou t the pe ni s H e su fl e red from irri tab i l i ty of t he prep u ce

.
'

a nd th e n u r s e po w d e r ed i t b e fore h e w en t t o s l e e T h e r w n t a n i
p e a s o r s .

t ion from th i s t o se lf ab u se -
.

Ab ou t t he sam e tim e h e b e ca m e s u bj e ct to c u riou s h al f w a k i ng -

drea ms I n th ese h e im agined h im self t he servant o f sev era l a d u lt na ke d

.

sa i l ors ; h e c ro u ch e d b e t w ee n th e ir th igh s a rfd c a ll e d h im se lf th e ir dirt y

pig and by th e ir orde rs he p erform e d se rv i ces for th e ir geni ta ls a nd b u t
,

t ock s wh i ch he c onte m p la te d and ha ndle d w i th rel i s h A t ab ou t t he .

s a m e p e riod wh en th e s e v i s ion s b ega n t o c om e t o h im h e ca s u a ll y h ea rd

th a t a m a n u se d to c om e a nd e xpos e hi s p erson b e fore t he w i nd o w o f a

room wh e re t he m a id s s at ; th i s tro u bled h im v agu e l y B etw een t he ag e ‘

o f 8 and 1 1 h e tw i ce to ok t he p en i s of a c ou s i n i n t o h i s m o u th a fter ,

they h ad sle p t t oge th er ; t h e feel ing O f t he peni s p leased h im Wh en .

s l e e p i ng w i th a n o th e r c o u s i n th ey u sed t o l i e w ith hands o u ts tre tche d

,

t o co ve r ea ch ot h er s peni s or na tes H e preferred the nates b u t h i s

’
.
,

c o u s i n t he p enis N e i th er o f th es e c ou s i ns w a s h omosexu al and the re

.
,

w a s n o a tte mp t at m u t u a l m a s tu rb a t ion H e w as i n t he h ab i t o f p l a yi ng .

w i th fiv e m al e c ou s i ns O ne of th es e b oys w as u npop u la r w i th the o thers

.
,

a nd th e y i n v e n te d a m e th od o f p u n i s h i n g h im f or s u ppo se d O ff e n s e s .

T h ey sat a ro u nd t he room o n ch a irs ea ch w i th hi s pe ni s expo s ed an d , ,

t he b oy t o b e p u n i s h e d w e nt a ro u n d t h e r oo m o n h i s k n ee s an d t oo k ea ch
pe n i s int o h i s mou th i n tu rn T h i s w as su ppos ed to h u mi l i ate h im It
. .

did no t lea d t o m as tu rb a tion O n o ne o cca s ion t h e ch i l d a ccide ntly O b

.

s e r v e d a b oy wh o sa t n e x t t o h im i n s ch oo l p la yi n g w i th h i s p en i s a n d

ca ress ing i t T h i s ga ve h im a po w erfu l u n ea s y sen sa tion W i th regard

. .

to all th ese poin ts t h e s u bj ect ob se rv es th a t non e of t he b oy s w i th wh om

h e w as c o n ne cte d a t th i s pe ri o d a n d wh o w ere e xpo se d t o pr ec i se l y th e ,

s a m e i n fl u e n c e s b e c a m e h o mo s e x u a l
,
.

H e w a s h i m s e lf from t h e fir s t i n d i fie re nt t o t h e oppo s i te s ex
'

, In , .

ea r l y ch i l d h o o d a n d u p to t h e a g e o f 13 h e h a d fre q u e n t O ppor tu n i t i es
, ,

o f cl o sel y i n sp e c t i ng t h e sex u a l orga ns of girl s hi s p lay fell ow s T h ese , .

ro u se d no sex u a l ex ci te m ent O n t he c on trary t h e s m ell o f t he fem a le

.
,

p arts a ff e cted h i m di sa greeabl y Wh en h e o n ce sa w a s ch oo lfell o w cop u .

la ting w i th a l i ttle girl i t gave h im a sense O f m ys t i cal h orror N or did

, .

t h e s ight o f t h e m al e organ s a ro u s e an y p ar t i c u l a r sen sa t ion s H e is .

,

h ow ever o f opi n io n th a t li v i ng w i th h i s s i s te rs i n ch il dh ood he fe lt m ore

, , ,

c u riou s ab o u t hi s o w n sex as be ing more rem o te from h im H e sh o we d .

n o e fie m i na n c y i n hi s pr e fe re n c e s f o r ga m e s or w or k
'

.
 S EXUAL I NVERS I O N I N MEN . 87

H e w en t t o a p u bl i c s ch oo l Here he w as prov o ked by b oy fri ends

.

t o ma s tu rb a te b u t th o u gh he o fte n sa w t h e ac t in pro cess i t o nl y i n

, , ,

s pir e d h im w i th a sen se o f in d e c en c y I n h i s fifte enth y ea r p u ber ty c om

.

m e nc ed w i th n o ctu rna l e mis s io n s an d a t t h e s a me t im e h e began to

, , ,

m as tu rba te and c onti nu ed t o do s o a b ou t on ce a w ee k or once a for t

, ,

nig ht d ur ing a pe riod O f e ig ht mo n th s ; a lw a y s w i th a fe e l i ng th a t th a t

,

w as a poor sa ti s fa ct ion and re p u ls i ve H i s t h ou ghts w e re no t d irecte d

.

e i th e r t o m a l es or fe m a l e s wh i le m a s t u r ba t i n g H e s po ke t o hi s fat h e r .

a b o u t th e s e s ign s o f p u be rty a n d b y h i s fa t h e r s ad v i c e h e en t ire l y

’
,

a b a n do ne d o nani s m ; h e onl y r e su m e d t h e pra cti ce t o s om e e x te n t a ft e r , ,

t he ag e o f 30 w h en he w a s w i t h o u t m al e comra d es h ip
, .

T he n o ctu rn a l e mi s s io n s a f te r he h a d a b ando ne d self a bu se be c a m e

,
-
,

very frequ ent and e xh au s t in g T he y w er e m e di cally treate d by t oni c s

.

s u ch a s q u i n in e a n d s t ry c hn i ne H e t h i n k s th i s trea tm en t ex ag gera te d
.

hi s neu ro s i s .

A l l t h is t im e no ki nd of se x u a l fee l i n g for g ir l s m a d e i ts elf fe lt

, .

H e c o u l d n o t u n der s ta nd wh a t h i s s ch oo lfe ll o w s f ou nd in w om en or th e ,

s t orie s th ey t o l d a b o u t w a n t o nne s s a n d t he d e li g ht o f c oi tus .

H i s O l d drea m s a b o u t t he sa i l or s h ad di sappe a red B u t no w h e .

enj oy e d v i s io ns o f be a u ti fu l yo u ng m en a n d e xq u is i t e s ta t u es ; h e o ft en
s h e d te a rs whe n he th o u ght o f th e m T h ese drea ms pe rs is te d f or years
. .

B u t a no th er ki nd gr a d u a ll y u s u rp e d th e ir p l a c e to s om e e xt en t T hes e .

se c on d v i s io ns t oo k t h e f orm o f t he l a rge e re ct org a ns o f na k ed you ng

gro oms or peasa n ts T h ese gross vi s ions O fiend ed h i s tas te and h u r t h im

.
'

t h o u gh a t t he sa m e tim e th e y e v ok e d a s t rong a cti v e d es i r e for p os

, , ,

se ss i on ; h e t oo k a s tra nge po e ti c p l e as u re in t he id eal form

, B u t the .

s e min a l l o sses wh i ch a cc omp an i e d b o t h k i n ds o f drea ms w e re a p e rp e tu a l

s o u r c e o f mi s e ry t o h im .

u e —
T h ere i s no do bt tha t at th is tim th a t i s b etw een th e 15 th and ,

—
17 th yea rs a h om ose x u a l di a the s i s h a d b ec o m e es ta bl i s h e d H e nev e r .

fre qu en te d l oo se w omen th ou gh he some tim es th ou ght that w ou l d b e th e

,

bes t w ay of c om ba ti ng hi s grow i ng i ncl i na ti on for ma les And h e th in k s .

tha t h e might h av e b rou ght h imself t o in du lge freely i n pu re l y sexu al

pl easu re w i th w om en i f he m ade th ei r firs t a cqu a in ta n ce i n a ma le c os
tu m e as d ébar d eus es C her ubi no co u rt p ages you ng ha lb e rdiers as i t i s
, , ,
-

, ,

only wh en so cl oth ed th a t w om en on the sta ge or in th e ba ll room h av e -

e x c i t ed hi m .

H i s id e a l o f moral i ty and fea r o f v ene rea l in fect ion m o re th an ,

p hy si ca l i n ca pa c it y k ep t h im wh a t i s cal le d ch a ste H e nev er drea me d

, .

o f w omen nev er so u ght th e ir s oc i e ty never felt t he sl ightes t sex u a l ex

, ,

c i te m ent i n th e ir pre s e nc e ne v e r id ea l iz e d t h e m
, E s th e ti c a ll y he th o u ght .
,

th e m far less beau ti fu l th an m en S ta tu es and pi ct u res o f nak ed w om en

.

had no a tt ra ct ion for h im wh i l e all obj e ct s O f a rt wh i ch re pr esen te d

,

hands ome m a les deep l y s tirred h im .

88 S EXUAL I NVERS I O N .

It w as i n hi s 18th y ea r th a t an ev ent oc cu rred wh i ch he rega rds

a s d e c i s i v e i n hi s d ev el opm en t H e r ea d P l a t o A new w orl d O pened
. .
,

a nd h e fe lt th a t hi s o w n na tu re h ad b een re v eal ed N e x t y e a r h e form e d .

a p as s i o na te b u t p u re fri e nd s h ip w i th a b oy o f 15
, , P e rso na l c o nta ct w i th .

t h e b oy cau s ed e re ct ion e x t rem e a gi ta t io n a nd a ch i ng p le a su re b u t no t

, , ,

ej a c u l a tion T h rou gh f ou r y ears h e nev er s aw the b oy nak e d or t ou ch ed

.

h im pru ri en tly O n ly tw i ce h e k i sse d h im H e says tha t t h ese t w o

. .

k isse s were the mos t pe rfect joy s he ever felt .

H i s fat h e r no w be ca m e s e riou s ly a nx iou s bo th ab o u t hi s h ea lth an d

h i s rep u t a t ion H e w a rne d h im o f th e soc i a l and l e ga l d a nger s a ttendi ng
.

h i s tempe ra m e n t B u t h e did no t en c o u rage h im t o t ry c oi tus w i th

.

w omen H e h im se lf th i nks th at h i s o w n sense of danger might have ma de

.

th i s met h od su cces s fu l or th at at al l e v ents the ha b i t o f in terc ou rse w i th

, , ,

w om en might h av e lessened neu ros i s and di verte d h i s mi nd to so m e ex

tent from h omos ex u al th ou ghts .

A p eriod of grea t pai n a nd a nx i ety now op ened f or h im Bu t hi s .

neu ras th en i a i nc r e as e d ; h e s u ff e re d fr o m i ns om n i a ob s c u re c er eb r al d i s ,

com fo rt sta mme ri ng chroni c co nj u nc ti v i ti s i nab i li ty t o concen tra te hi s

, , ,

a t tenti o n a nd dej e ct io n
,
Mea nwh i le h i s h omos ex u a l emo t io ns streng th
.

en ed and ass u m e d a mo re se n su a l ch a ra cte r

, H e a b s ta i ne d from i nd u l g .

i ng th e m a s a l s o from onani sm b u t h e w as o ften f or ce d w i th sh am e and

, , ,

r e l u cta n c e t o f r e qu en t p l a c es
,
— —
b a th s u ri nari es and so forth wh ere th ere , ,

w e re O ppor tu ni ti es of see ing naked m en .

Ha v ing no p ass i on for w om en i t w as easy to av oid them Y et the y , .

i ns pired h i m w i th no ex a ct h orr o r H e u sed to drea m of fin ding an exi t .

from h i s p a in fu l S i tu ation b y co hab i ta tion w i th som e c oarse b oyi sh girl ,

o f t he map le ; b u t h i s dread o f s yp h i l is st oo d i n t h e w a y H e felt h o w .

,

e v e r t h at h e m u s t c o nqu e r h im se lf b y e fi o rt s o f w i ll a n d b y a pe rs i sten t
'

, ,

direction of h i s th ou ghts to h eterose x u al images H e s ou ght the so ci e ty .

o f d i sti ngu i sh ed w omen O nc e h e coax ed u p a rom a n ti c a fl ec ti on for a

.
'

you ng girl of 15 wh i ch came t o n o th i ng probabl y b e cau se the g irl felt

, ,

t he w ant o f ab s ol u t e p ass ion i n h i s w ooin g S he ex c i ted hi s im ag i na tion .

,

a n d he reall y l o v e d h er ; b u t she did no t ev en i n t h e cl o ses t c o n ta ct , ,

s t im u la te hi s s e x u a l a pp e t i te O n ce wh en he k i ss e d h er j u s t a fter sh e
.
,

h a d ri s en from b e d i n t h e morn i ng a c u rio u s p h y s i c a l r ep u g nan ce c am e ,

ove r h im attend ed w i th a sa d fee l i ng of dis appointm en t

,
.

H e w as s trong ly a d v i sed t o m a rry b y p h y s i c i ans At l as t he did .

so . H e fou nd th a t h e w as po t ent a n d bego t sev e ra l ch i l dre n b u t he al s o

, ,

fou nd to h i s di sappoi ntm en t tha t t he tyranny of the m al e genita l organs

, ,

o n hi s fan c y i n c rease d O w i ng t o th i s cau se h i s p h y s i ca l m en ta l a n d

.
, ,

mora l di sc om for t beca me a cu te H i s h e a lth ga ve w ay . .

A t ab ou t t h e ag e o f 30 u nable t o en dure h i s posi t ion any l onger

, ,

h e at l as t yi e l de d t o h i s s ex u al i n cl i na tio n s As h e b egan to do th i s h e .
,

a l so began t o r e ga i n c al m a nd c omp a ra t i v e h e alth H e form ed a cl o se .

 S EXUAL I N V E R sI O N I N MEN . 89

a ll iance w i th a you th o f 19 T h is li ai son w as largely sen timental and

.
,

m a rked by a k i nd o f eth erea l ized se nsu a l i ty It inv o lved no sexu a l a cts .

b eyond k i ss i ng nake d c onta ct an d rare i nvo lu nta ry e mi ss ions Ab ou t

, ,
.

t he age o f 36 h e be g an free ly to f o ll o w h omos ex u a l i n cl i na tions A fte r .

th i s he rapid ly re c overed hi s hea lth The ne u roti c dis tu rbances su bs ided . .

H e h a s a lw ay s l ov ed m e n yo u nger th an h im self A t a b o u t th e a g e .

of 27 h e had b egu n t o a dmire you ng so l diers S in ce he yi el ded free ly .

to hi s i nc li n a tions t he me n he h as s ou ght are inv a riab ly p ers ons o f a

l ow er s oc ial ran k than hi s ow n H e carried on one l i ai son c ontinu ou sl y
.

f or tw elve y ea rs ; i t b egan w i th o u t pass ion on t he fri end s s ide b u t gradu ’

,

a ll y gre w to n ea r ly e q u a l s tr eng th o n b o th S ides H e i s n o t a tt ra cte d b y .

u n if o rm s b u t see ks s om e u n c on ta mina te d ch i l d o f N a tu r e
,
.

The m e th ods o f sat is fa ct ion h av e v ari ed w i th t h e p h a ses o f h i s

p ass ion A t fi rs t th e y w ere roman ti c a nd P la toni c wh en a hand t ou ch
.
,
-
,

a ra re k i s s or m e r e pr esen c e s u ffi c e d
, I n th e se c o n d p e riod s l eep i ng s id e
,
.

b y side insp ection of the nake d b ody of the l oved m an e mb ra cem ents
, , ,

a nd o cc as ion al e mi ss io ns afte r pr o l ong e d c o n tac t I n th e th ird p e rio d t he .

grati fica tion be ca me more fran kly sensu a l It t oo k ev ery sh a p e m u tu a l . :

mas tu rba tion intercr u ral c oi tu s f ell a ti o i rrw na ti o o ccas io nally p red i
, , , ,

ca ti o ; a lw a y s a cc o rdi ng t o t h e in cl i na t io n or c o n c e s s io n o f t h e b el o v e d

m al e .

H e h im se lf a l w a y s p lay s t he a cti ve m as c u l i ne p a r t H e nev er yi e l d s

,
.

h imself to the o th er and he asser ts th at he neve r ha s the j oy o f findi ng

,

h im self desired w i th a rdor equ al to h i s o w n H e doe s no t s hri nk from . ,

p as si ve p ledi oa ti o ; b u t i t i s neve r d em anded of h im Coi tu s w i th m ales .

,

as a b o v e d esc ri be d a lw a y s see m s t o h im h ealth y an d n a tu ra l ;

, i t lea v es a
d ee p sense o f w ell b eing and has cem en ted d u rable friend sh ips H e has
-
, .

a lw ay s s o u ght t o f orm pe rm a nen t ti e s w i th t he m en wh om h e h as a dore d

s o ex c ess i v el y .

H e i s o f m e di u m h eight not r ob u s t b u t w i th g rea t ne rv o u s energy

, , ,

w i th strong po w er o f w i ll and s elf c on tro l able t o resi s t fa tigu e an d -

changes O f ex te rn al c ir cu m stance .

I n b oy h ood h e h ad n o l i ki ng f or fe m ale o ccu p a t ions or for th e ,

s o c i e t y o f gir l s pre ferri ng stu dy and s ol i tu de H e av oided ga mes and

, .

t h e n oi sy oc c u p a t ions o f b oy s b u t w a s o n l y no n m a s c u l i n e i n h i s i nd i fier
'
-
,

en c e t o spor t w a s ne v e r fem i ni ne i n dr e s s or h ab i t
,
H e nev e r su cc eeded .

i n hi s a tt emp ts t o wh i s tl e H e i s a grea t s mok er and h a s a t tim es dru nk

.
,

m u ch H e l i kes ridi ng skat ing and cl im b ing b u t i s a po or h orsem an

.
, , , ,

and i s cl u m s y w i th h i s h a nd s H e h as no cap a c i ty for t h e fine ar ts and

.

m u s i c th ou gh m u ch inte res te d i n t h em and i s a proli fic au th or

, , .

H e ha s s u ff e re d e x t rem e l y th ro u g h o u t l i fe o w i ng t o h i s s en se o f t h e
d i ff eren ce be tw ee n h im self and n orm a l h u m an b ei ngs N o p l eas u re h e .

h as enj oy ed he d e cl a re s c an e qu a l a th o u san d th p a r t o f t he p a i n c au s ed
, ,

b y the i nt erna l c o ns c io u sness o f p a ri a hdom The u tmo s t he c an p l ea d .

90 S EXUAL I NV ER S I O N .

i n hi s ow n d efe ns e he a dmi ts i s i rre s pons ib i l i ty for h e a ck no wled ges

, , ,

tha t hi s impu lse m a y b e morb id B u t he fee ls ab so lu tel y ce rta i n t hat .

i n ea r l y l i fe h i s h ea l t h w a s ru i ne d a nd h i s mora l re po s e des t roy e d ow i ng

to t he p erpe t u a l con fli ct w i th h i s o w n i nbo rn n at u re and th a t re li ef and ,

s t r e ng th c a m e w i th i n d u lg e n c e A lth ou gh he a l w ay s has b e fore h im the

.

terror of disc ov ery h e i s c onv in ce d th a t h i s se x u a l deal i ngs w i th m en

,

hav e been th orou ghl y wh ole s om e t o h im se lf la rgel y in c reas ing h i s ,

p h y s i ca l mora l a nd in te llectu a l ene rgy and no t i nj u rio u s t o oth ers H e

, , , .

h as no sense wh a te ve r o f mor a l w ro ng i n hi s ac t io n s a n d he rega rd s t he ,

a tt i tu d e o f s oc i e ty t ow ar d th o s e i n h i s p o s i t io n a s u tte rl y u nj u st a n d

fo u nde d o n false prin c ip les .

Th e x t c as e is l i k e the for egoing th at O f a s u cc ess fu l m an

ne , ,

o f l ett ers wh o al so p ass ed th ro u gh a l o n g p eriod o f m en t al c on

fl i c t b e f ore h e b e c am e r ec on c i l e d t o h is h omos exu al ins t i n ct s .

H e b e l o n gs t o a fami l y wh o are al l h ealth y an d h av e s h o w n

m ar k ed ab i l i ty in di ff er en t i n t ell ec tu al d ep ar t m en t s H e feel s .

c er t ain th at on e o f h is b ro th er s i s as ab so l u t e an in v e r t as h im
self an d th at ano th er i s att ract e d t o b o th s ex es I am i n d ebt ed .

t o h im f or th e fo ll o w i n g d et ai l e d n arrat i v e d es c rib in g h is em o ,

t io n s an d exp eri en ce s in ch i l d h ood wh i ch I r eg ard as o f v erv ,

gr eat i n t er es t n ot o n ly as a c on t rib u t ion t o th e psy ch o l ogy o f

,

in v ersio n b u t t o th e emb ryo l ogy o f th e s ex u al emo t ions g ene r

,

all y . We h e r e s e e d e sc ri b e d i n an u nd u ly pr e c o c io u s and hyp e r

,

e s th e t i c f orm id e as an d f e e l i n gs wh i ch i n a s l ig ht e r an d mor e
, ,

fragm en tary sh ap e m ay be p arall el ed in th e earl y exp eri en c es o f

,

m any normal m en an d w om en B u t i t m u s t b e r ar e t o fin d so .

m any point s in sex u al psy ch o l ogy so de fin i t el y i ll u s t rat ed i n a

si ng l e ch i l d I t m ay b e add e d th at th e n arrat i v e is al so n o t w i th
.

out i n t er es t as a s t u dy in th e ev o l u t io n o f a m an o f l ett ers ; a

ch i l d wh os e im agi n at io n w as th u s earl y ex erc is ed an d d ev el op ed
w as pre d es t in ed f or a l i t er ary c ar eer .

CA S E XX V I A l mos t t he ea rl i e s t re c oll ect io n I h av e i s o f a

.

dream wh i ch from my v i v id re c olle ction of i ts d e ta i ls m u s t h av e t e

, , ,

p ea t e d i t s e lf I th,i n k mor e th a n o n c e
, u n l es s my w a k i ng th ou ght,s n u

c ons c iou sl y adde d d e fini tio n F rom th is drea m da te d my c onsc iou sne ss
.

o f t h e a ttr ac t io n t o m e o f m y o w n s ex wh i ch h as eve r si nce d o mi nated ,

my l i fe Th e dream s u gges te d i n p a rt I th ink b y a pi ct u re i n a n i ll u s

.
, , ,

trat e d n ew sp a pe r o f a m o b m u rd eri ng a ch u r ch dign i t a ry t ook th i s form : ,

 SE XUAL I NVER S I O N I N MEN . 91

I dream e d th at I saw my o w n fa the r m u rdere d by a gang of ru fii ans ,

b u t I do no t re m e m b e r th a t I fe lt a ny gri e f th o u g h I w a s a ctu a ll y an ,

e x c e e di ngl y a fl ec t i o na te ch i l d Th e b ody w a s th en s t rip pe d o f i t s cl o th i ng

'

a nd e v i sc e ra t e d I had at t he t im e no n otio n o f a na to mi ca l d etai ls ; b u t

.

t he p ar ti c u la rs re m a i n di s t in ct t o my min d s e ye o f en t rai ls u n i f orm l y

’
,

b ro wn th e c olor of d u ng a nd the re w as no a cc omp an im ent O f bl ood

, ,
.

When t he ab d ome n had been empt ied th e incident i n wh i ch I b e cam e an,

a ct i v e p a r t i c ip a n t oc c u rre d I w as se ize d ( and t he fa ct th at I w as over

.

pow ered cont ri b u te d t o th e agony of del ight i t a fio rd ed m e ) and w a s '

la id be tween the th igh s o f my m u rdered parent ; and from there I had

presen tly c ra wle d my w ay int o t he ev a cu a te d ab dom en Th e a c t so fa r .
,

as I c a n d e c id e o f a d re a m a t a n ag e wh e n e mi s s ion w as o u t o f t he

qu esti on cau sed i n m e ex tre m e orga n i c ex c i tem en t A t al l e ve nts I

, .
,

u se d a ft e rw ar d d e fin i te l y t o re c u r t o i t i n t h e w a k i ng mom e nt s b e f ore

s l e e p f or t h e p u rpo se o f gai n in g a s ta te o f e r e ctio n The drea m h a d n o .

ou tc om e i t seem e d to rea ch i ts goal i n t he e x c i tem ent i t cau se d I w a s

: .

a t th a t t im e be tw een 3 an d 4 y e a r s O l d ( I h a v e be en t ol d th a t ere ctio n s

.

occ u rred wh en I w as only 2 y ea rs ol d It w a s be tw een 3 a n d 4 th a t I .

u s e d t o in d u c e a t a ll e v e n ts
,
t h e s ens a ti on O f an e re ct i o n
, B u t I w as .

nea re r 5 wh e n s i tt i ng o n my b e d a nd w a i t i ng t o b e d r e ss e d I go t a n i n

v o lu nta ry e re ction and ca lle d my nu rse s atte ntion to i t ask ing wh at i t ’

m e ant The app ea ra nc e m u s t th e refore h av e b een u su al t o m e a t th a t

.
, ,

da te b u t ce rta i nl y t h e sens a tion w as not )

,
.

“
A t t h a t ti m e I w a s t otally ignoran t o f t he c ondi tions o f pu bert y ,

wh i ch a fter wa rd wh en I di sc overe d them so po w erfu lly a fl ec ted m e I

, ,
'

c ou l d not ev en v i su a l iz e t he pri va te organs O f a m an ; I m a de no d ed u c

tions from my self T he on ly n aked b odi es I had seen then— I j u dge fr om
.

c ir cu ms ta nces not fro m any a ctu a l m e mory of th e fa cts—we re th o se o f

,

my o w n s is te rs I n t he w a k ing drea m s wh i ch I began to c ons tru ct

.
,

th ou gh I recu rred o ften to t h e one al rea dy narrated t he goa l of my de s ire ,

w as genera ll y t o ne s t l e be t w ee n t he th ig h s or to h av e my fa c e pre sse d

a a i n s t t he h i n d e r p ar ts o f t he ob j e ct o f my w or s h ip B t f t im
g u o r a e .

my fir st drea m so engrosse d m e th a t I di d no t i ndu lge i n any promi sc u i ty .

G ra d u a ll y h o w eve r my h orizon e nl a rged an d t oo k i n bes id es th e first

, , , ,

mentioned th ree oth ers a c o u s i n ve ry m u ch my e l de r an u ncle and the

, : , ,

cu rate o f th e p arish .

“
A t th is s tage I began to i nvent c ircu m s ta nces for t he i nd u lgenc e o f
my pa ss ion O ne o f the ea rl ies t w a s t o im a gi ne myself i n a tank w i th
.

my t h ree l ove rs float i ng i n t h e w a te r ab o ve m e F rom th is pos i tion I .

v i s i te d th e ir l im b s i n tu rn ; th e a ttra ctio n res ted i n t h e th igh s an d b u t

to ck s onl y I fan cy th i s l imi ta tion of t h e charm t o the l o wer parts onl y
.

laste d u nt i l ac tu al e xp e ri ence o f a more c o mpl et e em b rac e m ade m e as

m u ch a love r o f t he a rm s and brea s t ; i ndeed la te r I b e cam e more ,

em o t iona ll y ena more d o f th e se p a rt s th an o f a ll t h e re s t A t t he be .

92 S EXUAL I NVE RS I O N .

gi nn ing o f th ings I s imp l y love d bes t wh a t my min d c o u l d firs t g et

h ol d of .

“
Q u i te earl y i n my exp erience wh en I w as not more th an 5 I aw oke
, ,

e a rl i er th an u s u a l an d sa w my nu rs e s ta n di ng i n c omp l e te n u di ty c om
, ,

m en c i ng he r t oi l e t S he seem e d t o m e a gro s s c o a rs e an d m e an in gl es s
.
, ,

O bj e ct ; t he h a ir u n d er h er a rmpi ts di sp l ea se d m e and st i l l m or e th a t on ,

t h e l ow e r p a r t o f h er b ody I n t h e c ase o f m e n directl y I ca m e t o h av e

.
,

c ogn iz an ce o f th e sa me th i ng on thei r b odies t he efiec t w as exa ctly the ,

'

oppo si te It so h appened th at ab ou t th is tim e th e gardener ha d rec ei ved

.

s om e i nj u ry t o hi s l eg a nd i n s h o w i n g t h e b r u is e to an o th e r e x h i b i te d
,

be fore my ey es a s kin comp le te ly S hagged o ver w i th da r k hair Th o u gh .

t h e s ight o f t h e b ru i s e rep u ls e d m e my p le as u re w as i nte nse and t he

, ,

v i s ion o f t h e garde ner s legs w as i n my b ed eve ry night f or a w ee k a fter

’

w ard My poi n t i s th at th e s ight o f my nu rse w as l iable to ro u se in terest

.

j u s t as m u ch a s the far more prosai c disp lay o f th e ga rdener s w o u n ded ’

l eg b u t my na tu re m a d e i t imposs i ble
,
.

It w as ab ou t th i s t im e i f no t b e fore th a t an enormou s se ns e o f
“
, ,

s h y ness w i th r ega rd to al l my pri v a te d u t i es b eg a n to a ffl i ct m e S o grea t .

w a s i t th a t I c o u l d end u re from no h an d e x c ep t my mo the r s or my nu rs e s

’ ’

t h e n ec e s sa ry a s s i s t a n c e i n th e b u tt o n i ng a nd u nb u tt on i ng o f my g ar
m ents a lway s ex cep t ing th ose wh o we re a b ou t my o w n ag e to w a rd wh om
, ,

I felt no pri v a cy w ha te ver .

“
Wh en I w as a l i ttle m o re th an 5 I form e d a fri ends h ip w i th a
you ng clerk a yo u th o f ab o u t 15 t h o u gh he seemed to m e a grow n u p
, ,
-

per son O ne d ay as he sa t a t hi s de sk w ri ting I sat dow n and b ega n

.
, ,

p l ayi ng w i th h i s feet i nv es tiga ti ng t he h eight t o wh i ch h i s s oc k s w en t

,

u n de r h i s t ro u s e r s ; i n th i s w ay I obta i ned s i x i n ch es O f b a r e l eg C on .

s c io u s o f my c ou ra ge I fe ll t o k i s s i ng i t My friend la u g h ed b u t le ft
.
,

m e to m y de v o tio n s i n p ea c e Th is w a s t h e firs t t im e i n wh i ch a fee l i ng

.

of ro m an ce m ixed i t se lf i n my drea m s ; t he ph y si ca l ex c i te m ent w a s l ess ,

b u t t h e p l eas u re w as grea te r I ca n no t u nders tand why I never repea te d

.

t h e exp eri e nc e H e re ma i ne d t o m e a n O bj e ct of v e ry sp e c i a l and t end e r

.

c ons id e r a t io n .

I n th e nex t epi s od e I h av e t o rel a te th e id ea l w as to ta lly ab sent

“
,

a n d t h e p a r t I p l a y e d w a s p a ss i v e ra th er th an a ct i v e I w as pu t to sle ep .

w i th a b oy c on s id e ra bl y my sen ior H i s ini t ia t ion l ed to a p h ysi cal .

fa mi l i a ri ty b e t w een u s wh i ch w as no t w a rm or k ind and I w as al lo we d ,

n o sc op e for my o w n i n s ti n ct i v e d e s ire s for a w a rm e r k i nd o f c o n ta ct ;

i f I s o u ght i t u nde r c ov er o f my c ompanion s sl u mb er s I fou nd myself ’

k i cke d a way O n ly o n one o ccas ion did I find a f ew mom ents o f

.

su p re m e ch a rm wh i le h i s sl eep re ma i ned s ou nd b y dis c overi ng i n the

, ,

r ecesses of th e sh eet a n expos ed su r fa ce o f fl e s h aga i ns t wh i ch I pressed

m y fa c e i n an ab an do nm e n t o f j oy F or t h e r e s t I w as a p ass i v e p a r
.

t i c i pa n t h i s p l e asu r e s ee mi ng to en d i n th e m e re h and l i ng o f th e fl e s h y
,
 S EXUAL I NVE R S I O N I N MEN . 93

portio ns of my b ody F o r th is p u rpose I u su a l ly l ay fac e do wnw a rd

.

a c r oss h i s kn ee s S o f ar as I c an rem e m be r th i s i n tima c y l ed t o a

.
,

decrease i n my p u rs u i t of im agina ti ve p lea su res ; f or ab ou t a year no

fu rther de ve l opm en t too k p la ce .

“
A t ab ou t thi s da te I w a s c irc u m c ise d on a cc ou n t o f the prep u ce
be ing t oo l ong .

“
Be tw ee n t he 6 th a nd 7 th years a ch a nge of env iron ment b rou ght
m e i n to c o n ta ct w i th a ne w set of fa c e s I h ad t h en a b ed t o my se lf a n d
.
,

once more my im agi na tion a w ok e to l i fe It w as a t th i s t ime th a t I

.

fou nd mys elf c onstru c ti ng from m en s face s s u ppo si t ions a s to the res t
’

o f the ir b odi es : a b ro wn fa ce led m e t o s u ppo se a u n if orm ly b r o w n b ody ,

a p a l e fa c e a p a le b ody T h i s idea of vari ety b egan t o ch a rm m e I no w

. .

m a de d efini te ch oi c e i n my rev e ri e s whe th er I w ou ld go t o s leep b et w een

wh i te th i gh s or red th igh s or brow n th igh s G oing t o s leep d efin i t el y
, , .

des c rib es the goa l o f th e me th od to wh i ch I ha d a ddi cted myself As .

s oo n a s I e nt e r e d my b e d I a b a n don e d my se lf to t he c ons t r u ct ion o f an

a mo u r a n d r e ta i ne d i t as l o n g a s I h ad c o n s c io u s n e s s I m ay sa y th a t .

I w as not c ons c iou s o f any emi ssions u nder th ese c irc u m stances ( u n t i l
s om e y ea rs l at e r when I b ro u ght i t ab ou t b y my o w n ac t ) b u t th e
, ,

pleasu re w a s fa irly a cu te .

“
All th is tim e th ere w e re se cre t m ee tings w i th my bed fell o w o f
t he y e a r b e for e B u t th ey n o w t ook p l a ce b y d a y i n v a rio u s h idi ng
.
,

plac es w i th li ttle u ncl oth ing or expos u re and my comp a nion w as c ol d

, ,

a n d fa st idio u s a nd rep e ll e d a n w a rm th o n my p a r t ; i t b e ca m e t o m e
y
a d ry s or t o f ri tu a l I ha d an id ea a t th a t time tha t the wh o le th i ng
.

w a s s o m u ch a n origi na l i n v en t io n o f h i s a n d mi n e th a t th e re w a s n o
li kel ih ood o f i ts b e ing pra ct i c ed b y anyone e lse i n t h e w orl d B u t th i s .

c ons ide ra tion did not res tra in m e i n c onstru ct ing l ov e sc enes w i th all -

th ose wh ose appe ara nc e a ttra c ted m e A t th i s p eriod nea rl y every m an

.

w i th wh om I cam e i n c onta ct w on a t leas t my trans ien t des ire ; o nly

th e qu i te o l d a nd t h e d e f orm e d l ay o u ts id e th e s c op e of my w i s h es .

Ma ny o f my a mou rs d ev e l op e d i n ch u rch ; the m en wh o sa t n ea r m e w ere

t he ob j e cts o f my a tt ent i o n a nd t h e cl ergym a n wh os e se rmo n I did n ot
, ,

li s ten t o su pp l i e d m e w i th a n o ccas io n for re v eri e o n th e ch a rm s h i s

,

per son w ou l d h av e f or m e u n de r o th er c ircu m sta n ces It m u s t h a ve .

b e en at th is tim e th at I be gan t o elab orate ideas of a se rried rank o f

c ongrega ted th igh s a c ross wh i ch I lay an d w as d ragge d I w ou l d arrange .

th em i n d e fin i te order and th en im agine mys elf dra w n a c ros s fr om o ne

t o the o th er s om e wh at forc i bl y Admira tion o f s trength w as b eg inn i ng
.

at t h i s tim e t o h a v e a d e fi n i te p a r t i n my c o n c e p t io n s b u t an th i ng o f
y ,

t he nat u re o f c r u elt y h a d no t th en a ppe a l ed t o m e ( I ex cep t t he origina l

.

drea m o f my ch i l d h oo d wh i ch seem s t o m e s ti ll t o s ta nd fa n ta s ti cally

,

ap a r t )
. I n th e in v en tion s t o wh i ch I no w gav e my self th e s ense o f
b eing passed a cross limb s o f diff erent tex tu re an d c olor w as su btle and
94 S EXUAL I N VER S I O N .

p lea s u rable I th i nk t he n ote o f co ns tru ct i ve cru elty wh i ch now fol

.

l o wed arose from a n im agined ri valry a mong my l overs for po ss ess io n of

m e ; t h e id e a th a t I w a s d es ire d m a de m e so o n ta k e a d e l ight i n im a gi ni ng
myself torn and sna tch ed ab ou t b y t h e co nten di ng p a rti es P resen tly .

o u t o f th i s I b e a n c o n s t r u ct i n g d e fi n i te s c e n e s o f v i o l e n c e I w a s a bl e
g .

i n i m agi n a t io n t o li e i n t h e th i ck a n d s tr es s o f c o ng l om e ra te d de l i c io u s
ne s s o f th igh s s t r u gg l i ng t o h o l d m e ; I w a s a bl e to im ag i n e a t l e as t s i x

b odi es en c ircl i ng m e w i th p a ss i o na te c on ta ct At t he sam e tim e I ha d .

a n i ngra i ne d fe e l i ng o f my o w n p h y s i c a l s m a ll nes s i n r el a t ion t o t h e

l imb s wh o se c ont a c t th re w m e i nto su ch pa roxys ms o f del ight A ne w .

a n d su fli c i e n t l y l u di c r ou s i n v en t i o n t oo k pos se ss io n o f m e : I im agi ned

my se lf stra p p e d t o the th igh ( a lw ay s I th i nk t he right o ne ) o f t h e
, ,

m a n o n w h o m I ch o s e for t h e t im e t o c o n c en t ra t e my des ir es an d so
, , ,

t o b e w or n b y h im du ring h i s da y s w ork h idden b en eath h i s garm ents

’
,
.

I w as no t c o ns c iou s of any di ffic u lty d u e to m y s ize T he ch arm o f b ond .

a g e a n d c o m p u l s io n w a s h e r e aga i n i n t h e a s c e n d a n t
, ,
I fa n c y t h a t i t w a s .

i n th i s c o nn e ction th a t I fi r s t an t i c ip a te d w h ippi n g a s t h e d e l ightfu l

clim a x t o m y e mot i ons a dmin i s t e re d wh en my po sse ssor at the en d o f
, ,

h i s da y s w ork u n cl o th e d hi m s e lf for re s t
’
.
,

U p t o th i s s t a ge m y a tt r a ct io n t o th e m a l e orga n o f ge ne ra t io n
“

h a d bee n s l ight a nd v a g u e T w o th i ngs no w c o n tribu t ed t o b ri ng th o u ght

.

of i t in t o promin en ce O n t w o or th ree o ccas ions wh en I a cc ompan i ed

.

farm lab orers to th e ir o ccu pa tion s I sa w th e m pau se b y t he w ay to re l i ev e

-

My eX t rem e sh ynes s a s rega rd s s u ch m a tters i n my o w n pe rs on

'

n a tu re .

m ad e th i s p e r form a n c e i n m y p r es e nc e l i k e a n o u tr age o n my modes t y ;

i t ha d a b o u t i t th e S u gge st ion o f an i n de cent s o li c i ta tion t o one wh ose
i ncl ina tion w as to h ea dl ong and d el irio u s su rrende r I sto od rooted an d .

fl u sh i ng w i th dow nc a s t ey es ti ll t h e a c t w a s ov er and w as c ons ciou s for

a c o ns id e r a bl e t im e o f s ta mm e ri ng s p ee ch an d b e w i l d e r e d fa c u lt i es Wh en .

I afte rw ard rev i ew ed t he c ir cu m stan c es t h ey had th e sam e attra ction for

m e th a t a moro u s c ru el t y w a s j u s t th e n b egi nn i ng t o ex e r c i s e o n my
im agi na tion My mi n d sec retl y em b ra ce d th e fe arfu l s w e e tness of the
.

ne wl y di s c o v e r e d se n sa t io n s u rr o u n di n g t h e pe r form a nc e o f t h e f u n ct ion
,

w i th al l s ort s of at roc iou s an d b iza rre i nv ent ion s F o r a tim e m y i nt el .

l e ct h u ng b a ck from a ccep ti ng th i s a s t he ce ntra l and mo s t fi ery s ec re t

o f t h e m a l e a t t ra ct io n ; b u t s h or tl y a ft e rw a rd wh en ou t w a lk i ng w i th
,

m y fa th e r I s a w h i m p e r form t he sa m e a c t ; I w a s o v e rwh el m e d w i th
,

e mo t io n an d c o u l d b a r el y dra g m f e t from t h e po t or m y f rom

y e s y e es

t h e da mp h e rb age wh er e h e h a d d e p os i t ed t h e w a t e rs o f se c re c y E v en .

t o d a y wh en my mi nd h as b e en l o ng a cc u s to m e d t o t h e k n o wl e dge o f
‘

-
,

gen e rat i ve fa c t s I can no t di s so c ia te m yself from th e s hu ddering ch arm

,

th at m om ent h a d for m e T he a ttr a ctio n my fa th e r s p erso n h a d alw ays

.
’

h a d f or m e w a s n o w i n c r eas e d te n fol d b y th e p e r form an c e I h a d w i t

n e ss ed ( th ou gh I h a d n o t s ee n t h e p en i s i n an o f th e s c )
y e ase s .
 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N I N MEN . 95

F c ons ide rable tim e on ly th o se l ov ers w ere dominant i n my

or a

im agi nat io n wh om I h ad w i tness ed i n th e a c t th a t h ad so poigna ntl y

a fiec t e d m e My d el igh t n o w t oo k t h e f orm o f im agin i ng mys e lf st rappe d
'

to th e th ighs o f t he p ers on wh i le th i s fu n ct io n w a s i n progress .

B y th i s t im e I m u s t h av e b ee n 8 y ear s ol d Th e co l d a nd s e c r e t
“
.

re lat io nsh ip o f wh i ch I h ave gi ven a n a ccou n t ha d continu e d w i th ou t

i nstru ct i ng m e i n any o f t h e arden t po ss i b il i ti es i t might h ave su ggested ;
n o forc e or c r u e l t y w a s u s e d u po n m e no w a rm th w a s l a v i s h ed ,
It .

ma de l i ttle di ff eren c e th a t m y c omp anion h ad now di sc o vered t he a c t o f

m a s tu rb a tion ; i t h a d no m ea n ing to m e s in ce i t l e d t o no w arm th of
e m b ra ce H i s m e th od w a s to a v e r t h im se lf fr om m e ; I h a d to fa w n u pon
.

h im from t h e rea r and al s o to i n ven t i nd e cen t s tori es t o s tim u l ate h i s

im agi na tion I f el t my self a despi sed i nstru m en t th e m ere spe cta t or
.
,

of an a c t wh i ch i f dire cted t ow a rd m e w i th any w a rm th w ou l d h av e

, ,

a ro u se d t h e l i v e l i e s t a ppe t i te At th i s t im e a s I h a v e s i nc e se en my
.
, ,

comp anion w as ga in i ng kn owl edge from the a n c i en t cl assi cs F or a t ime .

s om e ch a rm w as imp a r t ed b y h i s i n s tr u ct i ng m e t o a dopt a s u p eri n c u m

ben t fa ce to fa ce em br a c e T he b egi nni ng o f hi s p u ber ty w as en ormou sl y

- -
.

a ttr a cti v e t o m e ; h a d h e b e en l e s s c o l d bl oo de d I c o u l d h av e res pon d ed

-

pa ss ionatel y t o h is en dea rm ent s ; b u t h e a lwa ys i ns i sted on rigorou s

pa s s i v i ty o n m y p a rt a nd h e e xpl a i ned n o th i ng O ne d a y b y a s m a ll
, .
,

gratu i ty h e i n du c ed m e to o fier h im m y mo u th th ou gh I sti l l h ad no

,
'

c om preh ens ion o f t he resu lt I w as h el ping to a tta i n O n ce th e orgas m .

o cc u rred and th e efl e c t w a s ex trem el y nau seo u s ; a ft e r th a t h e w as more

,
'

ca r e f u l My c omp a n i on w as approa ch i ng m anh ood an d h i s d em and s be

.
,

cam e more frequ en t hi s exa ctions m ore h u mi l i a ting

, .

A t t h e sam e tim e my p a ss ion for m a le l ove w a s g ro w ing s tronge r

“
.

I w as abl e to c onst ru ct from th e u nsati s fa ct ory b on dage in wh i ch I w as

h el d ima ge s o f b odily emb ra ce wh i ch I h ad n ot b e fore had s u ffi c i ent se n se
o f h u m an c onta ct t o form th ou gh I sel dom im agi ne d any o f t he a cts
,

th a t i n actu al expe ri e nce rep u l sed m e O ne d ay h o wev er I S h irk e d a .

, ,

p art i cu l a rl y repu l s i v e h u mi li at i on wh i ch my c o m p an ion had for ced u pon

me . H e di s c o v e r e d th e d e c ep tio n ro se fr om th e pro ne po s i tio n i n wh i ch
,

h e l ay a n d th row i ng m e a c ro ss h i s knees th ra s h ed m e v iol en tl y

, I .

s u b m i tte d w i th o u t a s t ru ggl e e xp e ri e n c i n g a c u rio u s sen s a t ion o f pl e a s u r e

,

i n t h e m ids t o f my p a i n Wh en he rep eat ed h i s order I fou nd i ts a ec om

.

p l i s h m e n t n o l o n g e r r e p u l s i v e O n e o f t h e f e w p l eas u r abl e m e mo ri e s t h i s
.

in tim a c y ex ten ding ov er yea rs h a s l e ft for m e i s th a t mom en t o f abj ect

, ,

a b a sem e n t to o n e wh o w i th n o w a rm th o f fee l i ng h ad y e t o n c e h a d
, ,

s u ffic i en t e n e rg y t o b e b ru ta l t o m e .

It m u s t h av e be n from th i s in c iden t th a t th e calcu l a te d e fiec t o f

“
e
‘

fl agell at i o n b egan t o h av e w e igh t w i th m e wh en I i ndu l ge d my im agi na

t io n . A w i sh to b e rep u l sed t rampl ed v iol ated b y the obj e ct o f m y
, ,

pas sion t oo k h ol d o f my i nstin cts E v en th en—and i ndeed u p t o my .

, ,
96 SE XUAL I NVER S I O N .

13 th r— I h d n o id ea o f n o rm a l se x u a l c onn e ct io n I kne w vagu el y

y ea a .

th t ch il dre w r b orn from w om e s b odi es ; I did not k n o w and

a n e e n
’
—
e —
wh n to l d I did n o t bel iev e the t ru e fa cts o f t he m a ri ta l re la tionsh ip .

—
A ll th a t I h a d expe ri en ced b o th i n fa ct a nd im ag ina tion w a s t o m e —
s o h ighl y i ndi v id u a l th a t I h ad no n o ti o n a ny th i ng k i n dr ed t o i t c o u l d

e xi s t o u t s id e my ow n e xp eri e n c e I had no n o tion o f sex as th e b as i s

.

of l i fe E ven wh en I c am e g ra d u a ll y t o real ize th a t m en an d w om en

.

w ere form e d i n a w ay th a t argu ed conn e ction w i th each o th e r I st i ll

b el i ev ed i t to be a di s s ol u te s or t of c ond u ct n ot to be i n du l ge d i n b y
,

th ose wh o ha d cl a im s to res pe ctab il i t y .

“
I h ad h o w ev er by th i s tim e a rri v e d a t a s trong attra cti o n to ward
, ,

t he o rga ns o f genera t io n a n d a l l a s p e cts o f p u be r ty a nd my im agi na tio n ,

s p e n t i ts e lf i n a fa nta st i c w or sh ip o f e v e ry S ign o f m a s c u l i n i t y My .

e njoym en t n o w w a s t o im a gi ne my se lf for c e d t o u n d e rgo p h y s i c a l h u mi l i a

tion an d su b mi ss ion t o th e capri ce o f my m a l e cap t ors and th e ce n tral ,

fa ct b e cam e th e di s cha rge o f u ri ne from my l ove r ov er my b o dy an d l imb s ,

or i f I w ere v ery fond of h im I l et i t b e i n my fa ce T h i s w as foll ow ed

, , .

u s u a ll y b y a h a lf c a res s i n g c a s t iga t io n
-
i n wh i ch t h e h an d o nl y w as
,

i ns tru menta l .

The p e riod o f wh i ch I am n o w w ri ti ng w a s th a t O f my en try int o

“

s ch oo l l i fe
-
My im agi na ry l ov ers immedi atel y b e ca me n u m e rou s ; al l th e
.

m as ters and al l the b oys ab ov e a cer ta in age a t tra cte d m e ; f or tw o I

h ad i n a ddi t ion a fee l i ng o f rom an t i c a s w ell as p h y s i c a l a tta ch m en t .

I ndeed from th i s t im e onw ard I w as n ev er w i th ou t som e he roes t o ward

,

wh om I i ndu l ge d a p e rfe ctl y s ep a ra te and tend erl y ideal p a s s ion The .

a nn ou n c e m en t th a t o n e w a s ab ou t t o l ea v e s u rpri se d m e i nt o a a s s io n a t e
p
fit o f w ee pi ng ; y et my reserv e w as so gre at and my s ense o f i s ola tion so
cru sh ing t h at I m ade no e ff ort at int im a cy an d t o o ne for wh om I fe lt
,

i ne xh au s tibl e d ev o tio n I ba rel y s po ke f or t he firs t th re e yea r s th ou gh ,

m ee ti ng h im d a i l y A t th is tim e the su bj e cts o f my co n te mp l a tion ha d

.

disti n ctl y indi v idu a l ize d m eth od s o f a pproa ch T h u s i n one ca se I .

im agi ned w e st ood fac e t o fa ce i n o u r n ight gear ; su ddenl y mi ne w a s-

s trippe d from m e ; I w as se ize d and forc ibl y th ru s t u n de r h i s a nd m a de

t o h ang w i t h my fe e t o ff t h e g rou n d b y my fu ll w eight o n th e e re ct
organ wh i ch i nse rt ed i t se lf be tw een m y th igh s ; so s u s pe n ded m y b ody —
env e l ope d i n t h e fo l d s o f h i s l i n en a n d my fa c e p res se d u po n hi s h ea r t — I
u n d e r w en t a c as t i g at ion wh i c h c o n t i n u e d t i ll I w as th ro w n do w n t o

re ce i ve a di s ch a rge o f u ri ne o v er m y pro s t ra te b ody S u ch im age s seem ed .

t o com e i nde penden tl y o f my w i ll .

“
It w as at t h i s tim e tha t I fou n d a large pl easu re i n imagi ning c o n
t a ct w i th p e op le w h o m I di sl i k ed ; t h e pre v a i l i ng n ot e o f th es e i n tim a c i e s
w as a lw a y s cru el t y t o wh i ch I su b mi t t e d w i th a c u t e rel i s h
,
I d is .

c o v er ed h o w e ver from the ordina ry s ch ool exp e ri e nc e s o f c orpora l p u n

, ,
-

i sh m ent th a t i t h ad no ch a rm t o m e wh en a dmi ni ste re d f or s ch oo l

,
 S EXUAL I N VER S I O N I N MEN . 97

o ff en ses e ven from th e h and s u nde r wh i ch at o th e r t im es I imagined

,

my s elf a s d el ighting t o r ece i ve pa in The necessa ry l ink w a s la ck i ng ;

.

h ad I p erce i v e d o n t h e p a rt o f my j u dge a ny l i k i ng for th e op era t io n ,

the re w ou l d probably hav e bee n a r es po nse o n my S ide O n o n e o cca .

s io n I w a s flogged u nj u s tl y ; c ons c iou s as I w a s o f i t s cru el i ns tead o f

j u di c i a ry ch a ra cte r th i s w a s the on ly ca s tigat io n I re c e i v ed wh i ch h a d
,

i n i t a n e l em e n t o f gra t i fic a t ion f or my i ns t i n c t s A t t h e sa m e tim e I

.

ne v e r forg a v e t h e h a n d th a t a dmi n i s t e re d i t ; i t i s t h e o nl y i ns t a n c e I
rem em be r i n m yse lf of a gru dge no u ri sh e d for y ea rs .

“
Meanwh i le a mid th i s ch a os o f co n fu se d l o ve and h a t re d o f re l i s h ,

for cru elty an d l oa th i ng for inj u s ti ce my firs t th oro u ghly rom ant i c and
,

ideal a tta ch men t w as d e ve loping i ts e lf I m ay say o f th ose t o wh om.

,

rom a n ce a s w ell a s ph ys i ca l a tta ch m ent b ou nd m e th a t th ey h a v e re ,

m a i ned u nch angea bl e p arts o f m y na tu re T o d a y a s i t w a s tw enty .

-
,

y ea rs ag o wh en I th i nk of th em the bloo d gu sh es t o my bra i n my h a nd s

, ,

t ingle an d moi s te n w i th a n emo tion I cannot su b d u e : I a m at th e ir fee t

w ors h ipi ng them O f the m my drea m s w ere entirel y tende r ; t h e idea o f
.

c ru e lty ne ve r tou ch ed the c on c e ptio n I h ad o f th e m B u t I ret u rn t o .

th a t o ne wh o w as th e ch ief i nflu en ce o f my you th : o lde r th an my self

b y only th ree years he w as o f fine b u i l d and a thl et i c w i th a dole sc en c e
, ,

s h o w i ng i n h i s fa ce ; m y t r em u l ou s b e gi n ni ngs of w ors h ip w e re c o n fi rm e d
b y a w ord o f enc ou ragem en t th ro w n to m e one d a y a s I w en t to re cei ve
my fi r s t floggi ng ; n o do u bt my s m a ll s cared fa ce e xc i te d hi s k ind pi t y .

I m ad e i t my c on cern a fte rw ard to l e t h im k n o w tha t I h ad no t c ri e d

u n d e r t h e ord e al ,
a n d I b e l i ev e h e p a sse d t h e w ord ro u nd th a t I h ad

tak en my p u ni sh m en t p lu ck i l y S O l i ttle c on ta ct h ad I w i th h im th a t
.

beyon d c ons ta n t w ors h ip on my pa r t I rem em b e r n ot h i ng t i ll ab o u t ,

t h r e e y ea r s l ate r I re c e i v ed f rom h im a k i n d h a lf j o k i n g s ol i c i ta tio n

, ,
-

s po k e n i n cl ea n a nd s imp l e l a n gu a ge S o t e rri fi c w a s my sh y n es s an d
.

se c r e c y th a t I h a d e v e n th e n n o id e a th a t fa mi l i a ri t y o f t he s or t w a s

c ommon en ou gh i n s ch oo l s I w a s ab solu t el y u nable t o c onnec t my o w n

.

s en s a t ion s w i th th o se o f t he w orl d a t l a rge or t o b e l i e v e th a t o th e r s fe l t

a s I did .O n th is o cc a s ion I s imp l y fe lt th a t s o m e s h r ew d th r u s t h a d

be e n m ade a t m e for t he detection o f my s ecre t H e had dra w n m e u pon .

h i s k nee ; I sa t th e r e s i l en t fl u s h i ng an d d u m bfo u n d ed
, , H e m ad e n o .

a t t emp t to pre s s m e ; h e ha d a s h e th ou gh t s a id e n o u gh i f I ch o se t o
, ,

b e re c iproc a l ; b e yon d th a t h e w o u l d n o t te mp t m e A fe w yea rs ag o I .

heard of h im m arri ed an d pro s pe ro u s .

I n foll o w i n g u p m y emo t io n s i n th i s dir ec t io n I h a v e f ar o u t

s tripp e d t h e p e riod u t o w h i ch I h a v e gi v en a c ompl e te e xpo s i t ion o f
p
my d ev el opm e n t I m u s t h a ve b ee n mor e th a n t w elv e years ol d be fore
.

s ch oo l l i fe pe r s u a d e d m e t o fa c e ( a s t a u ght b y s n iggeri n g n ov i c e s ) t h e
-

a ct u a l fa cts o f s e x u a l i n ter c o u r s e A t the sam e tim e I learn ed th a t I

.

h a d m e ans o f ex t ract i ng e njoym e n t from m y o w n b od y i n a d e fi ni t e

98 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

direct ion wh i ch I had no t ti ll th en su s pe c te d A gro w i ng res is tance on .

my p a rt t o h i s c old des ires ha d l e d to a b reak w i th my form er i nt imate ;

to th e last h e had ta u gh t m e no th ing ex ce p t di s tas te for h im self I no w
, .

f o u nd re a dy tea che r s right a nd l eft o f m e O ne o f my s ch oolfell o w s .

i nv i te d m e t o w a tch h im i n th e pro ces s o f m as tu rb a tion ; the s p ecta cle

l e ft m e qu i te u nmov ed ; t he res u lt a ppeare d to m e f ar l ess ex ci t ing th an
t h e di s ch a rge o f u ri ne wh i ch u n t i l th e n I h a d a ss o c i a te d w i th m a l e
, ,

v iri l i ty I w as s o acc u st om ed t o my o w n l one a morou s b roodings th at

.

t h e e fio rt a n d a ct io n requ i re d f or th i s pro c e ss wh en I a tt emp te d t o

'

imita te i t di sco n ce r te d my th o u ght s and in te rfered w i th c on ce n tra t i on

,

o n m y o w n i n v en t ions I h ad never e xp eri ence d the p l easu re a e c om

.

panyi ng the spa sm o f emi ss ion an d t h ere seem e d t o b e noth i ng w orth

,

t ryi n g for a l ong th a t roa d I desi ste d and retu rn ed t o my reve ries I w as
. .

n o w i n a pe r fe ct m a ze o f promi s c u i ty ; th e re m u s t h a v e be en at l eas t fift y

pe opl e wh o a tt ract ed m e at th a t tim e I devel ope d a l i k i ng for im agini ng

.

myself b e tw ee n tw o l overs generally m en wh o w e re p h ys i cal c ontras ts

,
.

It w as my hab i t to ana l v z e as mi nu te l y as possible th o se wh o at t ra ct e d

me . To ga in int im a c y w ith wh a t w as be l o w the su rface I s tu di e d w ith
a tt e n tio n t h e ir h an d s t he w ri s ts wh e r e th e y di sa ppea re d ( sh o w i n g t h e
,

h a ir o f th e forearm ) an d t he neck ; I est im a te d th e c omp ara ti ve s iz e

,

of th e generat i ve organs t he form a tion o f the th igh s and b u tt oc k s an d

, ,

thu s c ons tru cted a pre s ent im en t o f t he wh ole m a n T he m ore v i v idl y .

I c ou l d do th i s th e k eener w as th e p leasu re I w as abl e t o o bta i n from

,

th eir c onte mpla ted em b ra ces .

“
Ti ll now I ha d be en ab s olu t ely u nt ou ch ed b y any mora l sc ru pl es .

I ha d t he u su a l a cqu i es c en ce i n t he rel igiou s b el i efs i n wh i ch I h a d been

trained ; i t did not en ter my h ead th a t th ere w as any di v ine l aw o ne ,

w ay o r t he o th e r c on ce rn i ng t h e all u re m ents o f t h e im agi nat i o n

, F rom .

my th irte ent h year sl ight h ints o f u neasi ness b ega n to c ree p i nt o my co n

s c i en ce . I b ega n pe rh a p s t o u n derstan d th at t h e form u las o f rel i gion ,

t o wh i ch I h a d l i s te n e d al l m v l i fe w i th a s l i ttl e at t en t ion a s pos s i bl e ,

h a d s om e m ean i n g wh i ch no w an d th e n t ou ch ed th e c ir c u m s t a nc es o f
m y ow n l i fe I h ad not ye t real ize d th a t m y pas t fore t ol d my fu tu re
.
,

an d th a t w om e n w ou l d b e to m e a r ep u l s io n i n s tea d o f an a ttra ct ion

wh ere th i ngs s exu al w ere c oncerne d I had th e f ull c onv i ct ion t h a t one
.

d ay I sh o u l d b e m a rri e d ; I h a d al s o s om e fea r th a t as I gr ew t o m an
h oo d I m ight s u ccu m b t o the tempta tions o f l oose w om en I h a d an .

i n cipi en t re vu l s ion from su ch a fa te and th i s seem ed t o m e t o i ndi ca t e

,

th a t moral st irri ngs were at w ork w i th i n m e O ne n ight I w as amorou sl y .

att a ck e d i n m y b e droom b y tw o o f t h e dom es t i c s I exp eri en ced an a cu te .

h orror wh i ch I h i d u nder lau ghte r ; m y res istan ce w as s o des p erate th a t

I es ca pe d w i th a t i ckling I had been a cc u s tom e d to s i t on th e serv ant s
.
’

k nees a h abi t I had i nn oc ently re ta ined from ch i l dh oo d ; I c an now

,
 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N I N MEN . 99

re call i n d etai l th e a pproa ch es th ese w om en had b een u sed t o m ak e m e .

A t t he tim e I w a s u tterly obl i v iou s th a t any th i ng w as i nten ded .

“
I w as equ all y obl i v iou s to th ings th a t h ad a nearer re la tion t o my
o w n fe el i ng s I n p a s s i ng a l ong a s id e s t r eet o ne n ight I w a s o v er ta k e n
.
-

b y a m an wh o began c o nv e rsa t i on on the w ea th er H e as k ed m e i f I .

w ere n o t c o ld b ega n p as s in g h i s h and u p an d d o w n my b ack ; th en cam e

,

a qu e s t io n a b o u t c a n i ng a t s ch o o l wh e th e r c e rt a i n p a r ts O f m e w e r e n o t
,

s or e l ea din g to a n i nv es t ig a t i n g t o u ch
,
I pu t h i s h and aside sh yl y b u t
.
,

did n ot res ent th e a ctio n P resently h e w a s f or expl ori ng my trou se rs

.

poc k e ts and I b egan to th i nk h im a pi ck po ck e t ; rep u l sed i n th a t d i rec

t ion he ret u rned to ru bb ing my b ack Th e sensa tion w as p leasant I
,
. .

n o w t oo k h im for a pimp wh o w i s h e d to ta k e m e t o a pros t i tu t e a nd ,

a s a t th a t t im e I h a d beg u n t o r e a l iz e th a t s u ch p l e a s u r es w e r e n o t t o

my t aste I w a s gla d to find my se lf at my de s ti nat ion an d sa id good b ye ,

-

s h a rp l y , l eav ing h im s tandi ng fu ll of a s t on i sh m en t at h i s fai lu re w i th

o ne wh o h a d t a k e n h i s a d v a n c es s o p l ea s a n tl y I co u l d no t bring myself -
.

t o b e l i e v e th a t o th e r s h a d t h e sa m e fee l i ng s as my se lf L at e r I rea l iz e d .

my esca pe not w i th ou t a certa in amo u n t of regret an d constr u cte d for

, ,

m y o w n p lea su re a d i fl erent termi n at ion t o th e i nc id en t

'

“
I w as no w so pos ses sed b y m ascu l i ne attra ct ion th a t I be cam e a
l over o f al l th e h eroe s I rea d o f i n b oo k s S o m e bec a me as v i v id to m e
.

a s th o s e w i th wh om I w a s l i v i n g i n d a i l y c o n ta ct F o r a tim e I b e c am e .

a n a rd en t l o v e r o f N a po l e o n ( the i n c iden t o f hi s a n ti c ip a tion o f th e

nu p t i a l s w i th h i s s ec o n d w i fe a tt r a ct i n g m e b y i ts imp e tu o u s b ru ta l i ty ) ,

o f E d w ard I an d o f Ju l i u s Caesar C h arl es II I rem em b er b y a c a ress ing

,
.

c ru elty w i th wh i ch m y im agi nation g i fted hi m Ju gu rt h a w as a grea t .

a c qu i s i t ion Bo thwell Ju dge Jefieri es a nd m any v i lla i ns of h i st ory a nd

'

.
, ,

fiction a pp ea l ed t o m e b y their cru elty .

“
I h ad b ec om e an ad ep t i n th e m en ta l c ons tru ction ne ces sa ry for
t h e sa ti s fa cti on o f my des ires And y e t u p t o th a t d ate I ha d n e ve r
.

seen t h e n u d e b ody o f a fu ll g ro w n a du lt -
I h ad n o k no wl edge of t he
.

e x te n t t o wh i ch h a ir i n c e r t a i n i n s t a n c es d e v e l op s o n th e t or s o ; i n

deed my efi o rt s a t ch a ra cte riza tio n centered for t he mo s t p a rt a rou nd

,
'

, ,

t he th igh s a nd g e ne ra t i ve orga n s A t th i s time o ne o f my s ch oolfell o w s

.

sa w a c ommo n w o rk m a n k n o w n to m e b y na m e
, b a th i ng i n a s trea m ,

w i th some c omp anions ; al l hi s b ody w as my i nform ant t ol d m e c o vered

, ,

w i th h a ir from th ro a t t o b ell y I n face the m an w as c oarse an d repu l s i v e

.
,

b u t I n o w be ga n t o rega rd h im a s a l o v e l y mon s t ro s i t y a n d for m a n y ,

night s em b ra c e d t h e v i s ion o f h im p a s s ion a tel y w i th fa c e b u ri e d i n th e

,

j u ngle growth o f h a ir th a t cov ere d h i s ch est I w as for th e firs t time .

, ,

c ons c i o u s o f del ib eratel y ( and su cce ss fu ll y ) w i ll ing no t t o see h i s fac e ,

wh i ch w a s di s ta s tefu l t o m e A t the s ame tim e a no th er s ch ool fell ow

.

tol d m e c once rn ing a m aster wh o bathed w i th th e b oys th a t h a ir sh ow e d

, ,

a bov e h i s b a th in g dra w e rs as h igh as t he na v e l

-
I no w b ega n defini tel y
.
1 00 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

to c ons tru ct b odi es i n de ta i l ; t he su ggest ion o f extensi v e h airi ness m ad

d e ned m e w i th d e l ig ht b u t re m a i n e d i n my mi n d s trongl y a ss oc i a te d w i th
,

c ru elty ; my h a iry l ov e rs n e ver b eh av e d t o m e w i th tend e rne ss ; ev ery

th ing at th i s peri od I th i nk tended to draw m e to wa rd force and v iolen ce
, ,

a s a n e xpr e s s io n o f a m a t i v e ne s s A s ch oo lfell o w a f e w y ea rs my sen ior

.
, ,

o f a c ru el b u llyi ng di sp os i tion too k a pa r ti cu la r d e light i n i nfli ct i ng

, ,

pa i n o n m e h e h a d par ti cu la rl y pointed s h oes a nd i t w as h i s cu s to m

: ,

t o m a ke m e s ta n d w i th my b a ck t o h im wh i l e he a ddre s s e d m e i n pe tt i ng
a nd c a re s s i n g t ones ; j u st wh en h i s w ord s w e re a t the ir k i nd l i es t h e
w ou l d i nfli ct a s ha rp s tro ke w i th t he toe of h i s b oot so as t o reach t he
mos t tend er pa r t of m y fu nda m en t ; t he p a i n w a s e xqu i s i te ; I w a s
c onsc iou s tha t h e e xpe rienced sexu a l p lea su re ( I had se en d efini te sign s
o f i t benea th hi s cl o th ing ) and th ou gh loa th ing h im I w o u l d a fter I
, , , ,

ha d s u fl ere d fro m h i s k i ck s th ro w my se lf i nt o h i s im agina ry e m b r a c es

'

an d i nd u lge i n a p e r fe ct r ag e o f a bj e ct s u b mi s s io n Y e t a ll t h e t im e I .

w o u l d gl a dl y h av e k i ll e d h im .

A t t he ag e o f 14 I w ent for a t ime t o a fa rm h ou se wh ere I ,

.
,
-

w a s a ll o w e d t o mi ng l e fa mi l i a rl y w i t h t he fa rm lab ore r s a fin e se t o f -

m u s c u la r yo u n g m en I be ca m e a grea t fav ori te a nd h a v ing ch il di sh

.
, ,

ca ress i ng m a nne rs a goo d deal b e h i nd my real ag e I w as a ll o w ed to ta k e ,

m a n y l ib e rt i es w i th th e m T h e y a l l l i ved u nde r th e fa rm er s roo f i n the

.
’

O l d fa s h ion e d w a y a n d i n t h e e v e n i n g I u s e d t o s i t o n th e ir kne e s a n d
-

cares s a nd h u g th em to my h ea r t s c ontent T hey t ook i t p hleg m at i cally ;

’
.

i t a ppa ren tl y ga ve th em n o s u rpri se O ne o f the m en u se d t o retu rn my .

s qu e e z es an d c a r es s es a n d o n c e a ll o w e d m e t o p u t my h a n d u nd e r hi s S h irt ,

b u t th e r e w ere n o f u r th e r l i b e r t i e s .

It w a s n o t u nt i l I w a s nea rl y 15 th a t th e even t h a ppe ne d w h i ch

“

m a d e m e for t h e fi rs t t im e res tl es s i n m y e n f or c e d s o l i t u de
, ,
I w as .

v e rging o n p u b erty an d pe rh a p s i n t h e h O pe tha t I s h ou l d find my o w n

,

dev e lopm en t m e t by a corres ponding w a rm th I aga i n ca m e i nto i nt im a t e

re la tio ns w i th t h e comp an io n wh ose frigid p er form a nces ha d cau e d m e s

w ea ri n e ss a n d d i sgu s t H e w a s no w a m a n h a v i n g r ea ch e d m a j ori ty
. H e , .

p u t m e i n t o h i s b e d w h i l e h e u n dr e ss e d h i m s e lf a n d c a m e t o w a r d m e i n

perfe ct nu di ty I n a mom en t w e w e re i n ea ch oth er s arms a nd th e

.
’

de l i c io u sness of th a t m omen t i nt oxi ca ted m e S u dd en ly lyi ng o n t he .

,

b e d I fe lt a tta ck e d a s I th ou g ht b y a n imp e ra t i v e ne e d t o m a k e w a te r
, , , .

I l ea pe d u p w i th a h u rri ed e x cu se b u t a l ready t he p aroxys m had s u b ,

s id e d . N o di s ch a rge c a m e t o my r e l i e f ye t t he n ee d see m e d t o h a v e ,

p a ss ed I re tu rned t o m y c omp a nion b u t t he gla mou r of the m eeti ng

.
,

w a s a l rea dy o v e r My c om p a n io n e v id en tly fo u nd more p lea su re i n my

.

p ers on th an w h en I w a s a m e re ch il d ; I felt moved and fl attere d b y t he

p lea su re he too k i n pres s i ng h i s fa ce aga ins t certa i n p a r ts o f my b o dy .

O n a se c o nd oc c as io n o ne d a y I s ee m e d i nv o l u n ta ri l y a b ou t t o t ra n sgr e ss
, ,

de ce n cy b u t ag ai n as be fore sep a ra ted my s elf a n d rem ai ned ig nora n t o f

, , , ,
 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N I N MEN . 1 01

wha t i t w as on wh i c h I had v erged i n my ex c item en t A t ano ther m eet .

i ng h o w ev e r I h a d b ee n a ll o w e d t o pro l o ng my e m b ra c e a nd t o a c t i n
, , ,

dee d u pon my fu ll ins t i nct s O nce more I felt s u dden l y t he c o m i ng o f

,
.

s om e th i ng a c u te l y imp en di ng ; I t oo k my c o u ra ge i n my h a nd s a nd w e n t

b o ld ly fo rw ard I n another momen t I had h o l d o f th e my s teriou s s ecret

.

o f mascu l ine ene rgy t o wh i ch al l my y ears o f d el iriou s im agi nings h a d

,

b een b u t a s a w a i ti ng o f t he th res h o ld t he knock i ng on a cl osed d oor

,
.

It w as in ev i ta ble that from tha t d ay ou r in tim ac y s hou l d d w ind le

“

i nt o di sso l u t io n ( th o u gh o th er c au s e s ant i c ipa te d th i s nat u ral d ec a y ) ,

b u t I n o l o nge r f ou n d m ast u rb a t io n a dry a nd w e a ris o m e form u la In .

my nov i t ia te I w a s d is hear tened t o fin d h ow long i t too k m e t o diss o c iate

my se lf f rom t he c ontemp la ti ve a nd a tta ch my s elf t o t h e a ct i ve f orm o f
se lf g ra t i fic a t i on
-
B u t I p rese n tl y f o u n d my se lf c ommi tte d t o th e re p e t i
.

tion o f t he ac t three t ime s a d ay O n al m ost the la s t oc casion I m et

.

my intim a te h e S h ow ed an ex ce p tiona l ardor A t th a t m ee ting he pro .

pos ed t o a tte mp t a n a c t I had no t prev iou sly c ons idere d po ss i ble f ar less ,

ha d I h ea rd th a t i t w as c ons id e re d t h e w ors t c rimi nal c o nn ect ion th a t

c ou ld ta ke pla ce I had a s l ight fea r of pa in bu t w a s w il l i ng t o gra ti fy
.
,

h i m and for the fi rs t t ime f ou n d i n my su b mi ss ion a u nion o f th e tw o

,

a m a t i v e ins t i n cts wh i ch h a d b ef or e d i s u t ed s w a y i n m e t h e in s t in ct
p :

for tenderness an d the ins tinct for cru elty P aed i ca ti o fai led to ta ke .

p lace b u t I rec e i ve d an em b ra ce wh i ch for the firs t t ime ga ve m e fu ll

,

sa t i s fa ct io n My del ig ht w as enormou s ; I w as filled w i th em otions

. .

I have no w ords t o desc ri be t he e xt ra ordi na ry charm o f the w arm sm o o th ,

fles h u p on mine and t he rou ghe r c onta ct o f t he h a iry pa r ts Y et I w a s

, .

c ons c iou s even at t he time tha t th i s w as b u t th e p hys i ca l s ide o f

, ,

p lea su re and th a t h e w as n ot and nev er cou l d be on e wh om I might

,

tru ly b e sa id to l ov e .

I w as n ow i n my s ix teenth y ea r and u nde r th e in fl u ence of th ese

“
,

a n d m any o th e r em o t ion s th e n for t h e firs t t im e b eginn i ng t o se ize

, ,

m e a sense o f l i te ra ry po w er an d a d esire t o express my self th rou g h

,

imaginati v e channels began to ta k e h old o f m e I fea re d th a t my i n .

d u lgen ce w as h a v ing an en fe ebl i ng po w e r on my fa c u lt i es ( I ha d b egu n

to exp eri en ce p hy s i ca l l angu or a nd depress ion ) and ce rta in rel igi ou s ,

s c r u p l e s t he r e su lt o f my ea rl y t r a i n i ng t oo k h o l d o f m e
, F o r th e fi r s t
, .

t i m e I b ec a m e c o ns c io u s th a t t he a rdor s I fe lt tow a rd my o w n sex w ere

a di ve r sio n o f t h e s ex i ns ti n ct i t s elf an d t o my a s t o n i s h m en t and c o n
-
,

s te rn at i on I fo u n d b y ch anc e t h e pr a ct i c e s I h a d a l r e a dy i nd u l ged i n

defini tely den ou nce d i n th e Bi ble a s a n ab omina tion F rom tha t moment .

began a s tru ggle whi ch las ted for yea rs I m ade a fina l b rea ch w i th my .

form er i nt im a te and thereu pon a l ong dispu te too k pl a c e b etw een t he

,

c onfli ct ing infl u enc es that s tro ve for po ssession o f my b ody F o r a tim e .

I b roke off t he hab i t of m astu rb at io n bu t I c ou l d n o t so eas i ly rid ,

m y se lf o f th e m enta l i nd u lgenc e wh i ch w as no w a l mo s t an e ssentia l

,
102 S EXUAL I N V ER S I O N .

se da tiv e for in d u c i ng sleep A t th i s tim e a v i it t o

. ide wh ere s t he sea s -

, ,

for t he firs t t ime I w as able t o see m en b ath i ng i n c omp le te nu di ty

, ,

fran kly i n t he fu ll light of d ay p lu nged m e agai n for a tim e h ea d

, ,

foremos t into imaginat iv e a mo u rs a nd my s c ru p le s and resol u tions w ere

,

fl u ng to t he w in d s B u t on t he wh ole I had no w en tered a s ta ge wh i ch

.
, , ,

for w an t o f a be tter t erm I m u s t des c rib e a s t he emotionally moral

,
.

To wh a te ve r d ep th o f ind u lgen ce I d es cend e d I c arrie d a se nse o f

obli qu i ty w i th m e ; I b el i eve d tha t I w as a reb el from a l a w na tu ra l ,

a n d di v ine o f wh i ch y e t no i n s t i n ct h a d b een imp l a nt ed i n m e

,
I s till .

h el d u nqu estioned t he t ru th of the rel igion I had b een brou ght u p i n ,

a n d my wh o l e l i fe e v e ry th o u g ht o f my b r a i n e v e ry imp u l se o f my b ody
, , ,

w ere i n direc t antagon is m t o th e w i ll o f G od A t times ph y si ca l des ire .

b roke do wn these ba rriers b u t I pra cti ced c onsi derable res trai n t p hy s
,

i c al l y th o u gh n o t m e nt a ll y a nd m a d e grea t e fl ort s t o c o nqu e r my a ve r

'

, ,

s ion f r o m w om en a nd e x t re m e d e v o t i o n f or m en w i th ou t the sl ightes t ,

s u cc e s s . I w as 30 h o w eve r be fore I fou nd a c omp an ion to l o ve m e in

, ,

t he w a y my na tu re r equ ir e d I am qu i te a hea lthy p erson and cap able

.
,

o f w ork i ng at very h igh p ressu re U nd er sex u al freedom I have b ecom e

.

s t ronge r
”
.

A lth o u gh in th e f or egoing c as e w e se e t h at in ear l y l i fe

th e r e w as a w e ll m ark e d t en d en c v t o f emi n i n e f e e l ing asso
-

c i at e d al so w i th an im agin at i v e att r act ion t o th e id e a o f s u ff e r

ing yet on th e wh o l e the pr ec e ding c as e s ex h i b i t in a mor e or

, ,

l e ss m ark ed d egr ee wh at m ay b e c all e d th e m as c u l in e di ath e sis :

,

th e ir aff ect io n s are dir e ct e d t o w ard m en b u t th ey th ems e lv e s ,

fee l as m en n o t as w om en t o w ard th e O bj e ct s o f th e ir aff ect ions

, , ,

or el s e th e feel i ng fl u ct u at es b etw een the tw o att i t u d es T h is .

u s u all y fi nds expr e ssion in th e ir ch oi c e o f th e act i v e m i l e in

s ex u al rel at io n s S u ch p e rson s c ons t i t u t e an impor t an t g ro u p
.
,

a gro u p wh i ch has som e t im e s b ee n ignor e d b y th os e wh o h av e

insis t e d on the f emi n i n e ch ar act eris t i c s o f i n v er t s g en e r ally A t .

th e s am e t im e i t m u s t b e add e d th at e v e n th e m em b e rs o f th is
gro u p S h o w f or th e mos t p ar t som e s l ight t r ac e o f wh at might
, ,

f air l y b e c all e d f emini n e ch ar act eris t i c s an d th e r e is no cl ear ,

l i n e o f d em ar c at io n b etw e en act i v e an d p as si v e in v e r t s I n th e .

f o ll o w ing tw o c as e s th e s u bj e ct s di s t i n ctl y p re fe r the p assi v e

rO l e ; o n e o f th e m is o f som ewh at f emini n e n at u re g en e r ally ,

th e o th e r r em ai n s m as c u l i n e in h is n o n s e x u al h ab i t s -
.
 S EXUAL I N V ER S I O N I N MEN . 1 03

CAS E XX V II — E ng lis h m an aged 7 0 o f G erman d escent on fath er s

.
, ,
’

s id e . W a s firs t ch i l d o f hi s mo th e r w ho w a s 3 6 a t h is b irth ; a younger ,

bro th e r n orm a l ; h as n o o th e r rel a ti v e s .

H e w a s b ro u g ht u p i n E ngla n d a n d w e nt to s ch oo l a t t h e ag e o f ,

13 . A t a v e ry ear ly ag e be t w een 6 a n d 8 w a s d eep l y impre ss e d b y t h e

, ,

han dsom e face o f a y ou ng m an a roy a l tru m p e te r on h orseb ack seen i n , ,

a pro c es s io n
. T h i s an d t he s igh t of t h e na ke d b ody of you ng m en i n
.
,

a ro w ing m a tch o n t h e ri v e r
-
c au se d grea t c ommot i o n b u t no t o f a , ,

d efin i tely sexu a l ch a ra cte r T h is w as in c rea sed b y t he s igh t of a be au ti

.

fu l m a l e m od e l o f a yo u ng T u r k s mo k i ng w i th h i s dre s s op en i n fro nt , ,

S h o w i ng m u ch o f t h e b r ea s t a nd be l o w t h e w a i s t H e b ec a m e fami l i a r .

w i th pi ctu re s admire d t he ma le fig u res o f Ita l ian m a rtyrs and t he fu ll

, , ,

ri ch f orm s o f t h e A nti no u s a nd h e rea d w i th a v idi ty t h e Ara bi an ,

N i g h ts a nd o th e r O ri e nt a l ta le s tr a ns l a t io n s from t h e cl a s s i c s S u e
, , ,

t o n i u s P e tro n i u s e t c
,
H e dre w na k e d mod e l s i n l i fe sch oo l s and d e
, .
,

lighted i n m a le b all e t da ncer s A s a ch i ld he u sed t o p er form i n priv a te

-
.
,

th ea tri ca ls ; he ex celled i n fem al e p arts and s ang t he s ongs o f Madam e ,

V es t ri s en c ou rage d i n th i s b y h i s fa th er
,
.

T he s ex u a l org ans h a v e n e ve r b e en fu ll y d e v e l op e d and t h e t es ti cl es , ,

th ou gh large are o f fl abb y cons is ten ce H e canno t wh i stl e H e th i n ks

,
. .

he o u ght t o h a v e b e en a w o m an .

A t s ch oo l he w as shy a nd rese rv e d and ha d no p ar ti c u la r in ti m a c y ,

w i th anyone a lth ou gh he on ce d es ire d i t H e learned self ab u s e from

,
.
-

h i s yo u nge r b roth e r wh o ha d l e a rn e d i t f rom a n o ld e r b oy

,
H e h as nev er .

ha d e ro ti c dr ea m s H e n e v e r t o u ch e d a nyo ne b u t h i s b ro th e r u n t i l l a te r
.

when trave l ing i n Italy a n d then on ly hi s fell o w trav el er Wh en tra vel

,
-
.

i ng i n A s i a M i nor h e h a d m a ny O pport u n i t i es b u t a lw ay s pu t th e m a s id e ,

from fe ar a fter w a rd regre tt ing hi s fear fu l n ess H e y ea rne d for i ntim a c y

, .

w i th p a r ti c u la r f ri en d s b u t n ev er da red t o e xpr es s i t
, H e w en t m u ch .

to th ea te rs a nd wh a t h e sa w th e re i n c i t e d h im t o m a s tu rb at io n
,
When .

he w a s a b ou t 30 y ea rs o f ag e hi s r ese rv e a n d h i s fea r o f t rea ch ery a n d ,

e x tor t ion w e re at la s t o v er com e b y an i nc ident wh i ch o ccu rred late a t

,

nig ht at t h e R oy a l E x ch a n ge a nd ag a i n i n a d ark r e c e s s i n t he ga lle ry o f

,

t he O l ym pi c T h e a t e r wh e n G u s t av u s B roo k e w a s p e r f orm i ng F rom th a t .

t im e t he Ad el p h i T h ea ter t h e I ta l ia n O p era and t h e O p e n p a rk s at night

, ,

b ecam e h i s fiel ds o f a dv ent u re H e rem a rk s th a t a mong p e opl e cro w ding .

to w i tnes s a fire he fo u n d m any O pportu ni ti es H i s esp e c ial i ntim ates .

w e re a rai lway cl erk and a n Ita l i a n m odel I n more rece n t ye ars he ha s

-
.

ch i e fly fou nd gra ti fic atio n among foo tm e n and pol i cem en .

H e i s e x cl u s i v el y p a s s i v e ; al s o l i k es m u tu a l f el la ti o H e u s ed .

grea tl y t o a dmire finel y dev el op ed f orm s ( c o n s c io u s o f hi s o w n s h ort

c omings ) s h a p el y l im b a n d deli c a te b ro wn h a ir a nd a lw a y s a dmire d
, s, ,

s t re ngt h a nd m a n ly v ig o r H e ne v e r too k a ny i nt e re s t i n b oy s and h as

.
,

a lw a ys b e en i n d ifie rent t o w om en
'

.
1 04 SE XUAL I NVER S I O N .

CAS E XX V III — A medi c al m an E ngl is h aged 30 H e bel i eves tha t

.
, ,
.

hi s fa th er wh o w a s a m ag i s tr a te w as v ery s ymp a th e t i c t o w a r d m en ;
, ,

o n se v e ra l O c c as ion s h e h a s sa t w i th h im o n t h e b en h w h e n c ase s o f c

i nde cen t a s sau lt w e re b ro u ght u p ; h e di s ch a rg ed th ree c ase s a lth o u g h ,

there c ou ld be l i ttle dou bt a s t o th eir gu i lt and w as v ery leni ent to ,

t h e o th ers .

F rom t he ag e o f 9 h e l o v ed S le e pi ng w i th h i s b ro th e r t e n y ea rs ,

old er wh o w a s i n t he nav y ; they slep t i n d i fierent b eds a nd th e ch i ld

,
'

w en t t o b ed early b u t he a lw ays kep t a w ak e to see h i s bro ther u n dress

, ,

a s he a dore d hi s na k ed b ody ; a nd w o u l d th en g e t i nt o h i s b e d H e .

l ea rned the h ab i t o f m as t u rb a tion from hi s br o the r at t he age o f 9 ; at

tha t tim e the re w a s no sex u al orga sm b u t w atch i ng i t i n hi s b ro th er w as
'

a p e rpe t u a l s o u r ce o f w o n d er a nd p l ea s u re D u r i ng h i s b ro th e r s a b sence
’
.

a t sea t h e b oy l o nge d for h i s r e t u rn a nd w o u l d pra ct i c e se lf a b u se w i th -

t h e th o u ght o f h i s b ro t h er s na k e d b ody b e fore h im Th is b roth er s dea th

’ ’
.

w a s a s ou r c e o f gre a t gri ef A t t h e ag e o f 12 h e w ent t o b oa rding s ch oo l

.
-
,

a nd w a s c o ns t a n tl y fa ll i ng i n l o v e w i th good l oo k i ng b oy s H e w as -
.

a lw ay s ta ke n i n t o o ne o f th e b igge r b o s b d A t h i ’
e t s ag e h e w a s
y .

th orou ghly abl e t o enj oy t he sexu a l orgas m w i th b oys H i s ero ti c dream s .

ha ve a lway s be en o f m en and e s pe c i ally o f b oys ; h e has ne v er dream ed

se x u a l l y o f w om e n F rom t he ag e o f 9 to t h e ag e o f 2 1 wh en he l e ft
.
,

s ch oo l h e n ev er ga v e w om en a th o u g ht se x u a lly th o u g h h e a l w a y s li ke d
, ,

th e ir s oc i ety F or tw o y ears a fte r lea v ing s ch oo l he had c onnection

.

w i th w om en not b ec au se he th ou ght th ere w as si n i n lo v i ng h is o w n

,

s ex b u t b e c a u se h e rega rd ed i t as a th i n g th a t no o ne did a fte r l ea v i ng

,

s ch oo l . D u ri ng th e s e tw o y ea rs he s t i ll r ea lly pre fe rr e d m e n a nd u se d
t o admire t he figu res o f s oldiers and sa il ors H e th en p a id a v i s i t t o .

L o ndo n wh i ch m a y b e d e s c ri b e d i n h i s o w n w o rd s I w en t t o se e an “
, :

ol d s ch oo lfell o w wh o w a s l i v ing th e re I n h i s room w a s a yo u ng fell o w

.
,

fa ir ext rem ely good l ook ing w i th a good figu re an d ch a rmi ng m anners
, ,
.

F rom th at mom e n t all my p a s t r e c o ll e ct io ns c a m e b a ck I c o u l d no t :

g e t h im o u t o f m y mi nd ; i n fa ct I w a s i n l ov e w i th h im
,
I pi ctu re d .

h im nake d b e fore m e as a l ov ely s ta tu e ; my dream s w ere freq u en t at

n ig ht a lw a y s o f h im
, F or a for tn ight a ft e rw a rd I pra ct i ce d m a st u rb a
.

tion w i th the pi ctu re of hi s l ov ely face a nd form alw ays b efor e m e W e .

b e ca me fast fri ends and from th a t d ay w om en hav e nev e r entered my

,

th ou ghts .
”

A lth ou gh u p t o t he pre sen t he h as no w i s h or i nten tion to m a rry ,

h e be l i e v e s th at h e w i ll e v en tu all y do s o b e c a u s e i t i s th o u g ht des irabl e

,

i n h i s pro fess io n ; b u t h e i s q u i te su re th a t h i s l o v e a n d a ff ect i o n for

m en and bo y s w i ll ne ve r l e ss e n .

I n ea rl i er l i fe h e pr e ferred m e n from 20 to 3 5 ; no w h e l i k es b oys

from 16 u pw ard ; groom s for i ns ta nce wh o m u s t be goo d l ook i ng w ell
, , ,

dev el op ed clea n ly and of a l ovable u n ch a ngi ng nat u re ; b u t h e w o u l d

, , ,
 S EXUAL I N V ER S I O N I N MEN . 1 05

pre fe r gen tlemen H e does no t ca re f or m ere m u t u al emb ra c ing a nd

.

rec ipro ca l m astu rb a tion ; wh en he re a ll y l ov es a m a n he d es ire s p a d i ca ti o ’

i n wh i ch h e i s h im se lf t h e p as s i v e s u b j e ct .

H e h as c u r l y ha ir a n d mo u s t a c h e and w e ll de v e l op e d s ex u al org an s
,
-
.

H i s h a b i ts are m as c u l ine h e h a s a lw a y s enj oy e d fi e l d s por t s a nd c an

, ,

s w im ride d ri v e an d s ka t e
, , ,A t the sa m e tim e he i s d ev ot e d t o mu s i c
.
, ,

c an dra w a nd p a i n t a n d i s a n ar d en t a dmir er o f m a l e s ta t u a ry
,
Wh i le .

fond O f practi ca l O cc u p a tion s o f ev e ry sort h e di sl i k es any th ing tha t i s ,

th eore ti cal .

H e h a s th u s d es c ri b e d h i s a tt i t u d e t o w a rd t h e mo ra l qu es t io ns
i nv o lv ed : As a me di ca l m an I fa i l t o se e morall y a ny u nhealth ines s
“
, ,

or anyth ing th at na tu re s h ou l d b e a sh amed o f i n c onne ct ion w i th an d , ,

symp a th y f or m e n My o w n i n cl ina tion s lea d i n th a t w ay an d p h y s

, .
, ,

i c al l y I find i t more be n e fic i a l a nd w i th o u t t h e d a ng e rs a tt a ch ed t o
, ,

c op u lation w i th w om en If no t ca rrie d t o ex cess i t i s a f ar more h e alth y

.
,

pra cti c e th an sel f ab u se wh i ch i s so m u ch done ; An d I tru s t tha t s ome

-
,

d a y i t m a y b e ta k en u p and di s c u s se d as a m edi c a l qu e s tion i n c o n

n ec t i o n w i th i ts b e ne fit to h ea lth bo th p h y s i ca ll y and morall y an d
, ,

b ec om e a recognized th i ng .

The n ex t c ase th at I h av e t o pr es ent W h i l e b el o n gi n g t o ,

th e s am e gro u p pr es en t s th e addi t ion al feat u r e th at th e i n v er

,

s ion is c o m p l i c a t e d w i th a p e r v e rsion wh i ch in a s l ight er d e ,

gr ee w e h av e m et w i th i n tw o pr ev io u s c as e s T h e indi v id u al
, .

i n q u e s t ion c on f e ss e s t o a d e sir e t o e xp eri e n c e p h ysi c al p ai n an d

ro u gh t r e at m en t at the s ex u al cl i m ax ; th i s p e rv e rsio n has b een
ca ll e d M a so ch ism ( aft e r th e A u s t ri an n o v el i s t S ach er Masoc h— ,
,

w h o h as O ft e n d e s c ri b e d th i s s t at e o f f e el i n g ) b y Kr aff t Eb i ng -
.

S u ch a s t at e o f f e el i n g i s b y so m e r eg ard e d as al mos t norm al in

w om en an d th is s u bj e ct is f e m i n i n e by n at u r e an d h ab i t s
,
.

CA S E XX IX — A n E ng lis h m an aged 34 o f no pro fess ion T h e fami ly, , .

h istory S h ow s no th ing abnorm a l The fami ly i s o f G erm an and Ita l i an

.

origi n b u t se ttle d i n E ngl a nd for o ve r a ce ntu ry a nd ma rryin g E ng l is h

,

w om en H e h im se lf has t he appea ran ce o f a n Ita l ian

. .

H i s fa th e r s pro cl i v i ti e s w e re v e ry s t ro ngl y t o w a rd m en t o s u ch
’
,

a n e x te nt i nd ee d th a t h e b e ca m e s epa ra te d from h i s w i fe H i s s i ste r

, , .

a v oid s t h e s o c i e ty o f m e n and h a s w a rm a ttac h m e n t s w i th o th e r w o m e n ;

,

and h e i s nea r l y s u r e th a t a c o u s i n i s a tt ra ct e d t o h i s o w n sex .

When onl y abo u t 8 or 9 y ea rs of ag e h e b ecam e e xtrem ely a tta ch ed

t o a g room and ev en consu lte d w i th hi s s i s ter as t o i ndu c ing h im t o go
,

i nt o a shru bbe ry in order to pla y w i th hi s p erson I fancy he rem ark s .

“ ”
, ,
1 06 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

tha t t h ere w as more th an m ere c u ri os i ty i n thi s as my atta ch ment w as ,

ra th er rom ant i c and I ta ke i t tha t th i s w a s a foresh a dow i ng o f wha t

,

t he s e xu a l pro cl i v i t i es w e r e t o b e l a t er o n i n l i fe Ce rta i nl y at 14 y ea rs .
,

of age the sexu a l l ove o f m a les bega n a nd I th en readi ly c onse nted to ,

t he d es ire o f o th e r s an d s ou ght m en o n my o w n a cc o u n t
,
L o ng b e fore .

th e ag e o f p u be r ty I u se d t o s lee p w i th a pi ll o w o n t h e top o f m e an d ,

fou nd p leasu re and s ou rce o f ex c i t em ent i n im agin i ng i t w as a m an .

T he pi ll ow e pi s od e h a v i ng h a pp e ne d b e fore a ny self ab u se ha d ta ken -

p la ce and at a time wh en I did no t be l ieve tha t su ch a th i ng a s emi ss ion

,

o f semen co u l d ta ke p lac e m anu ally ( fo r I h ardl y b el ieve d wh at my sch oo l

fellow s to ld m e ) le ads m e to con clu de th a t i n m e th is h ab i t had no th ing
t o do w ith self ab u se I th ink i t w as a l w ay s my natu ral pro cl i v i ty
-
. .
”

H e has se l dom h ad e ro t i c dr e a m s — h av e n o t gi v e n m y s e lf t he
,
“

—
chanc e o f h av i ng m any b u t wh en he had s u ch dream s th ey h av e been
,
”

a b ou t eq u a lly di vi d ed b e tw ee n t h e s e xe s B u t wh i l e h e enj oy s t he drea m s

.
,

in wh i ch m a le s a re t he s u bj e ct s h e di s l i k e s th o se i n wh i ch fe m a l es fig u re
,
.

H e h as h a d i nte r c ou rs e w i th th ree w om e n i n th e c ou r s e o f hi s l i fe b u t ,

s im p l y a s a m a tte r o f d u t y i n orde r t o s e e i f h e c o u l d b e l i k e o t h e r m e n .

H e did no t l i ke i t a nd i t did n o t s ee m na t u r a l t o h i m
,
H e l i ke s w omen .

a s frie n d s a nd h a s a v e ry h ig h op i n io n o f th e ir u s e fu l ne s s a nd good ne s s
, ,

b u t h e n e v er fee l s in cl i ned t o k i s s an d s ti ll l e ss t o ta k e any l i be r ti e s

, ,

w i th the m It i s sc ar cel y ne ce ssa ry t o ad d th a t h e i s u nm a rri e d

. .

H e pr e fe r s t he e d u c a te d t o t he u ne d u c a t e d a s t h e l imi t e d ra nge o f ,

t he i n te res ts th a t a ppe a l to t h e la tt e r m a k e a ss oc i a tion d i fli c u l t T he .

ag e pr e fe rr e d i s from 18 t o 4 5 or e ve n u p to 6 0 H e l ike s p ced i ca ti o

,
.

t o b e practi ce d on h im b u t h e doe s no t h i m se lf c are t o pra cti ce i t ;

,

f el la ti o h ow e ve r h e l i k e s e ith e r a ct i v el y or pa ss i v el y a nd i s a l s o a bl e
, , ,

to sa t i s fy h im se lf b y i n te r c r u ra l c onnec tio n .

Wh i le p re ferri ng th e ed u ca te d h e mak es the foll o w i ng i n teres ting

,

rem a rk s c o nce rni ng h i s i nst i n ct i ve impu l ses I li ke s ol die rs an d pol i ce

:
“

m en for t h e a ctu a l s ens u a l i t y o f t h e mom e n t b u t th e y h av e s o l i ttl e ,

to ta lk ab ou t th a t i t makes t he pe rform anc e u nsat i s factory I like ta ll .

,

h ands om e m en ( t he l arg er th e y are i n s ta tu re the b ett er ) v ery s trong , , ,

a nd a s s ensu a l a s I c a n g et th e m t o be a n d I l i k e th e m t o ra t i c e
, p c

p ced i oa ti o on m e a nd I pre fe r i t done ro u ghl y an d I ra th e r pre fer m en

, ,

wh o are ca rri ed aw ay b y their l u s t an d b i te my fl es h at t he su prem e

momen t and I ra the r li k e t he p ai n i nfli cte d b y th eir teeth or el se wh ere
, ,
.
”

H e i s o f m edi u m h eight s l ig ht d ark and d el i c a te

, ,
Q u i ck i n mo v e
,
.

m en t an d i n te mp er H i s ta stes are a rti s ti c a nd m u s i cal ; h e i s a pia n is t

. .

H i s h a b i t s are se den t a ry a nd h e doe s n ot c a re for a thl et i c am u s e m ents

, .

H e p os ses s es h e de cl a res gr e a t p o w e r o f d e v o t i o n and fi d el i t y t o one m a n

, , ,

w i th wh om he c an b e v ery l ov i ng ex trem el y s ensu al and co rres po ndingl y

, ,

j ea l ou s.

W i th rega rd t o the m oral as pe ct o f the m a tter he w ri te s I canno t ,

:
 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N I N ME N . 1 07

see an y th i ng w rong i n pra ct i c ing th i s hab i t a s l ong as i t i s w i th enti re ,

m u tu al c onsen t It i s certa i nly less w rong th an sedu ci ng and ru ining

.

w omen I d are say mora lly and re ligi o u s ly i t w ou l d b e be tter to do

.
, ,

no th i ng a t a l l ; b u t I ta k e i t t h a t th a t i s q u i t e impo s s ibl e for a nyone o f

my temp era men t I a lw ay s t ry t o ma k e my procl i v i ty b ring ab ou t good

.

t o o thers a nd tru s t th at any h e l p th a t I c a n a ff ord th em or a ny k i nd

, ,

ne ss th a t I c a n s h o w th e m m ay t o s om e e x t en t mi tig a t e my o ff en s e i f
, ,

t h e re i s any o fl ens e i n i t
'
”
.

T he
n ex t c as e w i th wh i ch I c on cl u d e th is fi rs t an d main
,

gro u p b el ongs to a t o t ally di ff er en t cl ass f rom all th e pr ec eding

,
-

c as es .
— —
T he s e al l Bri t is h or A m eri c an w er e o bt ain ed pri
v at e l ; th ey are n o t th e i n m at e s o f pri so n s or o f asy l u ms an d
y
'

in most c as es th ey h av e n ev er c o n s u lt e d a p hysi c i an c on c erning

th eir ab n orm al ins t in ct s T h ey p ass th ro u g h l i f e as ordi n ary .
,

some t im es as h onor ed m emb ers o f so c i et y T he f o ll o w ing c as e

,
.
,

wh i ch h app ens t o b e th at o f an A m eri c an is ac qu ain t ed w i th ,

b o th the prison an d the l u n at i c asyl u m T h er e are sev eral poin t s .

o f int eres t i n hi s h ist ory an d he i ll u st rat es the way in wh i ch ,

s ex u al i n v e rs ion c an b ec ome a m att er of m edi c o l egal impor -

t an c e I th i n k h o w ev er th at I am j u s t i fi ed in b el i ev i n g th at
.
, ,

the propor t ion o f s e x u all y i n v ert e d p erso n s wh o r e ach th e po l i c e -

c o u r t or th e l u n at i c asy l u m is no t m u ch l arg er in proport ion t o

the n u m b e r o f s ex u all y i n v ert e d p e rso n s among u s th an i t is -

amo n g my c as es For th e do c u m en t s on whi ch I h av e fo u nd ed

.

the h is t ory o f G u y O l ms t ead I am i n d ebt e d t o th e k i n dn e ss o f

Dr T alb o t O f Ch i c ago w ell k no w n from h is st u di es o f ab n or
.
, ,

m al i ti es o f th e j aw s an d fac e so O ft en asso c i at e d w i th n er v o u s
, ,

an d me n t al ab norm al i ty H e k n ew the m an w h o ad dr ess ed t o .

h im th e l ett ers from wh i ch I h er e q u o t e

CAS E X X X — O u th e 28t h o f March 1894 at noon i n t he open s tree t , , ,

i n Ch i c ago G u y T O l m s t ea d fi re d a re v olve r a t a le tt e r ca rri e r na me d

, .
-

Wi ll ia m L Cl i ff ord H e cam e u p from be h in d and de l i be ra te ly fi re d

. .
,

fou r s h ots t he fi rs t en teri ng Cl i ff ord s loi ns t he othe r th ree p enetrat i ng

,
’
,

t he b ac k o f hi s h ea d so t h a t t h e m an fe ll an d w as s u ppo se d to be fa tall y
,

wou nd ed O l m s tea d m ad e l i ttl e a tte mp t t o esc ape a s a cro w d ru sh e d u p

.
,

w i th t he u su a l c ry o f L yn ch h i m ! b u t w a v ed hi s rev olv e r e x cl a imi ng

“ ”
,
:

I l l ne ve r b e t a k e n a l i v e ! a n d wh e n a po l i ce o ffi c e r di sa rm e d h im
“ ’ ”
-

D on t t ak e my gu n ; l e t m e fi ni s h wh a t I h a v e t o do T h is w a s ev i
“ ’ ”
.

d entl y an all u s ion as w ill b e seen l a t er o n to an in te n tio n t o d es troy

, ,
1 08 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

h im se lf H e eagerly entered the p rison v an h o w eve r t o esc a pe the

.
-

, ,

th rea tening mo b .

O l m s t ea d wh o w a s 30 y e a rs o f ag e w a s b orn nea r Da nv i ll e Ill

, , , .
,

i n w h i ch c i t y he l i v e d for m a ny y e a r s Bo th pa re n t s w e re b orn i n Ill ino i s . .

H i s fa th er s om e tw e n t y y ea r s ag o s h o t and nea r l y k i l l ed a w ea lth y

, ,

coa l O p era tor indu ced t o c ommi t t he c rim e i t i s sa id b y a sec re t o rgan

, , ,

i z at i o n o f a h u n dre d prominent c i t iz e ns t o wh om t h e v i ct im h ad ma d e
h imself obn oxio u s by b ringing s u its agai ns t them for tri v ia l cau ses The .

v i ctim bec ame insane b u t the crimina l w as neve r p u ni she d and d i e d a

, ,

f e w y ea r s l a te r ( 187 8 ) a t t h e ag e o f 44 Th i s m a n had ano th e r so n wh o .

w as c o ns id er e d p ec u l i a r T he mo th e r i s s t i ll l i v i ng
. .

G u y O l m s t e a d b ega n t o S h o w s igns o f se x u a l pe r v er s i t y a t th e ag e
o f 12 H e w as se d u ced ( w e are l ed t o bel ieve ) b y a m an wh o o ccu pie d
.

the s a m e be droom O l ms te a d s e a r l y h i sto ry i s no t clea r from th e da ta

’
.

t o h and It app ears tha t he bega n hi s ca reer a s a s ch oo l tea ch er i n C on

.
-

n ec t i c u t a nd th a t h e th e r e m a rri ed t h e d au gh te r o f a pro sp e ro u s fa rm e r ;
,

b u t s h o rtl y a fte r h e fe ll i n l ov e w i th her m al e c ou s i n wh om h e d esc ri b es

“ ”
,

a s a v e ry h and s om e yo u ng m a n Th is l e d to a sep arat ion from h i s w i fe .

,

a nd h e w e nt We s t .

H e w as nev e r c ons idere d pe rfe ctl y sa ne a nd i n O ct ob e r 1886 w e , , ,

find h im i n t he K anka k ee I nsa ne A sy l u m A repor t o f h i s h is to ry here .

h as be en k i n d l y s u p p l i e d b y t he s u pe ri nt end ent D r R i ch ar d D e w e y H is , . .

i llnes s w as reporte d as o f th re e y ea rs du ra tion a nd cau se d b y general ’

,

i ll hea lth ; h e redi ty do u btfu l ha b its good oc cu p a tion tha t o f a sc h oo l , ,

tea che r H i s c ondi t ion w as diagn os ed as p a rano ia O n a dmi ss ion h e w as

. .

irri ta ble alternatel y ex c i ted a nd de pre s se d

, .

O c tober 2 6 — F ea r s J o h n F au l ds t he m an wh om h i s fa th e r s h o t
.
, .

N ovember 30 — S e rio u s l y di s tu r be d at nig ht ; th r e w th i ng s ou t o f

.

h i s w i ndo w Call s h im self Wagner

. .

S h or tl y afte r w a rd h a d de l u s ion s th a t h e w a s i n P a ris and w as

N a pol e on .

—
Marc h 1887 I s ab u s i v e at t im e s b u t doe s n o t l o ng reta in hi s spi te
, .
,
,

J u ne 1887 —S e nt t o O pe n w a rd b u t n o t tr u s t ed th ere an d r e tu r ned

,
.
, ,

to m a i n b u i l di ng .

S p tembe
e r — G l oomy and mor os e. .

O c tober — Typ h oid feve r

. .

J anuary 1888 — Q u ie t and i n du s triou s

,
. .

—
Marc h E x c i ta ble and ir ri ta ble
. .

Ap ri l 22 —R e c o v e red . .

Au g u s t —N o d e l u s io ns b u t a cts qu eer l y ,
.

D ec ember Q u ie t and i ndu striou s

.
-
.

Janua ry 1889 — S en t to O p e n w a rd
,
. .

—
Ma rc h E mp l oyed and i n good c ondi t ion , .

a —
M y 16 Wen t h om e .
.
 S EXUAL I NVE R S I O N I N MEN . 1 09

A t th i s p eriod and aga in wh en exam ine d more re cently O l ms tead s

, ,
’

ph y s i ca l c on di t ion i s desc rib ed as o n t he wh o le n orma l a nd fa irl y goo d , ,

.

Height 5 fee t 8 i n ches ; w e ight 159 po u nds S pe c ial se nses no rm al ;

, ,
.

gen i ta l s abn orm a lly sm a ll w i th ru dim enta ry pen i s H i s h ead i s a sym

,
.

m etri ca l a nd i s fu ll at the o cc ip u t s lig h t ly su nken a t t he b reg ma a nd

, , ,

t he fore h ea d i s l o w .
—
H i s c ep h a l i c i nd e x i s 7 8 a norm a l i n d ex Th e h air .

i s san dy an d n orm a l i n a mo u n t ov e r h e a d fa c e a nd b ody

,
H i s e y es a re , ,
.

gray s ma ll and dee ply se t ; t he z yg om fe a re norm al T he n os e i s la rge

, ,
.

a nd v e ry th in T he re i s arre sted dev el opmen t o f u ppe r j a w T he c a rs

. .

are e x c ess i ve l y dev e l ope d and m a lform e d Th e fa ce i s v e ry m u ch l i n ed .

,

t he naS o la b i al fis su re i s d ee p l y c u t and th e re are w e ll m a r k e d h orizo nta l

-
,
-

w rinkl es o n the fore hea d s o tha t he l oo ks a t leas t te n y ea rs ol der than

,

hi s a ctu a l age T he u pp er j a w i s o f p a rt i a l V S h a p e the l o w er w e ll

.
-

d ev el ope d T he te eth a nd th e ir tu ber cle s and t he a lveo la r process are no r

.

m al . Th e b reas ts are fu ll Th e body i s ge n era ll y w ell dev e l op ed ; t h e

.

h ands and fee t a re la rge .

O l m s t e a d s h i s tory i s d e fe cti v e for s om e y ea rs a ft e r he le ft K an

’

k a k ee . I n O c t o be r 1892 w e h e a r o f h im a s a l e tte r c a rri e r i n Ch i c ago

, ,
-
.

D u ri ng t he f ol l o w i ng su mm e r h e d ev e l op ed a p a s s io n for W i ll i a m Cl i ff o rd ,

a fe ll o w l e tt e r ca rri e r ab ou t hi s o w n ag e a l s o pre v io u s l y a s ch oo l tea ch e r

-
,
-

a nd r ega rd e d a s o n e o f t h e m os t re l i ab l e an d effic i e n t m en i n t h e s er v i ce .

F or a t im e C l i fi ord se e m s t o h a v e s h a re d th i s pa ss i o n f or to h a v e s u b
'

m i t t e d t o i t b u t h e q u i ckl y end e d t he re l a t ion s h ip a nd u rge d h i s fri en d

,

t o u ndergo m edi cal t reatm e n t off e ri ng to pay t he e xpe nses h im se lf ,

.

O l m s tea d c o nt in u e d t o w ri te le tte r s o f t h e mo s t pass io na te de s c rip t ion t o

C l i ff ord a n d f oll o w e d h im ab o u t c o n s ta n tl y u nt i l t h e l a tte r s l i fe w as
’
,

m ad e mi sera bl e I n D e c em b e r 1893 Cl i ff ord pla ce d t he le tters i n t he

.
, ,

postm a s te r s h a nd s and O lm ste ad w a s req u este d to re s ign at onc e O l m

’
,
.

s te a d c omp l a i ne d t o t h e C i v i l S e r v i ce C ommi s s io n a t Wa s h i ng to n t h a t he

ha d be e n di smi ss ed w i th o u t ca u s e a n d a ls o a pp l i ed f or r e i ns ta te m en t , ,

b u t w i th o u t su cc e ss .

I n t h e m ea n w h il e a pp are ntl y o n t h e a d v i ce o f fri end s h e w en t

, ,

i nto h o s pita l and i n the midd l e o f F eb ru a ry 1894 h i s tes t i cles w ere

, , ,

remo ved N o repor t from the h ospi ta l i s to h a nd T he eff ect o f rem ov

. .

i ng t he tes t i cl e s w a s f ar f ro m b en e fic i al a n d h e b ega n t o s u fier from

'

h ys te ri ca l me la n ch o l ia A l i ttle la ter h e w en t i nt o h os pi ta l aga i n O n

. .

Ma rch 19th he w rot e to D r T a lb o t from t h e Merc y H o spi tal Ch i cago .

,
“
I retu rne d to Ch i c ago la s t Wednes da y night b u t fe lt s o mi serable I c on ,

clu de d t o e n te r a h os pi ta l aga i n a nd s o ca m e t o Mercy w h i ch i s very , ,

goo d a s h o s pi tal s go B u t I might a s w ell go to H a d es as fa r a s any

.

h ope o f my gett i ng we ll i s c oncerne d I a m u tte rly i n corrigi bl e u tterl y .

,

i nc u rab le a nd u tterl y i mpo s s ib l e At h om e I th o u ght f o r a t im e th a t I

, .

w as c u re d b u t I w a s mi s ta k en a nd a fte r s e ei ng Cl i ff ord l a s t T h u r s d a y
, ,

I hav e g ro w n w orse than eve r s o far as m y pa s sion for h im i s c once rned .

110 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

Heaven onl y know s ho w h ard I have tried to m ake a decen t creatu re ou t

o f myself b u t my v i leness i s u nc on tro llable and I might a s wel l g iv e u p
, ,

a nd d i e I w o n de r i f t he do ctors k new tha t a fte r e ma scu l at io n i t w as

.

po ss i bl e for a m a n t o h a ve erect ion s c ommi t m a s tu rb a tion a nd h a ve th e , ,

sa m e p a ss io n a s b e fore I am ash a med o f mysel f ; I h a te my self ; b u t I

.

ca n t h elp i t I am w ith o u t m e di c i ne a b ig f a t s tu pid c re atu re w i thou t

’
.
, , , ,

h e alth or strength and I a m di sg u s ted w i th my self I h av e n o right t o

,
.

l i v e and I gu ess p e op le h ave done right i n abu s i ng a nd condemning m e

,
.

I k n ow no w th a t thi s di sea se w as b orn i n m e and w i ll leav e m e o nl y ,

wh en my b rea th leaves m e And th is i s al l t he harde r t o bea r whe n I .

th i nk I might h a ve be en a gentle m an b u t for th is h orror wh i ch has ,

m a de m e a ttemp t su i cide cau se d m e to b e inca r cera ted i n an i nsane,

a s y l u m th r ee y e a r s a nd re su lte d i n my b e i ng l oc k e d u i n a c e ll i n a n
, p
a l m s h o u s e i n C onne cti c u t for th r ee w ee k s I have fr ien ds among n i ce .

pe opl e p la y t he piano l ov e m u s i c b ooks a nd every th ing th a t i s b ea u t i fu l

, , , ,

a nd e l e v at i ng ; e t th e y c a n t e l e v a te m e b a u se th i s l o a d o f i nb or n
’
y e c ,

v i leness drags m e dow n and pre vents my p e rfec t enjoym ent o f any th ing .

D o c t o rs a re t h e only o nes wh o u nd e rst a n d and kn o w my hel p l e ss ne s s

be fore th is mons ter I thi nk and w o rry t i ll my b ra in wh irls and I c a n
.
,

sc a r c e r e fra i n f rom c ryi ng o u t my t ro u bl es Th i s le tte r w as w ri tte n a .

f ew d a y s b e fo re t h e c rim e w a s c ommi tte d .

When c onve yed to t he po l i ce s ta tion O lm stea d c ompl ete l y b roke -

dow n a nd w e p t b i tte rly c ryi ng O h ! W i ll W i ll c o m e t o m e !

, : Wh y
“
, ,

don t y ou k i l l m e and l et m e go t o h im !
’
( A t th i s t im e he s u ppos ed
”

h e ha d ki ll e d C l i fl o rd ) A le tte r w a s fo u n d o n h im a s fo ll o w s Me r c y “
'

.
, : ,

Ma r ch 2 7 t h To H im Wh o Ca re s t o R e ad F ea ri ng th a t my mo ti ves i n
. :

k i lli ng Cl i ff ord an d myself m ay be mi s u nderst ood I w ri te th i s t o explai n ,

t h e c au s e o f th i s h omi c id e a n d s u i c ide L a s t su mm e r Cl i ff ord a nd I .

began a frien dsh ip wh i ch deve l ope d i nto lov e H e th e n re c i te d t h e .

”

deta i ls of th e friends h ip and c ont i nu ed A fte r p lay i ng a L isz t rhap s ody

, :
“

for C l i ff ord o ve r and ove r he sa id th a t when ou r tim e to d i e cam e h e

,

h ope d w e w o u l d d i e togeth e r l i ste n i ng t o su ch gl oriou s m u si c as th a t, .

O u r tim e h as n o w c om e t o d i e b u t de a th w i l l no t b e a cc ompan i e d b y ,

m u s i c Cl i ff ord s lo v e has a la s ! tu rned t o d ead l y h atred F or s om e

.
’
, .

reaso n Cl i ff ord su dd enly e nded o u r rela tions a nd friend sh i p I n hi s ce ll .

h e b e h a v e d i n a w i l d l y ex c i te d m a nne r an d m a de s e ve ra l at te m p ts a t
-
,

s u i c id e ; s o th a t h e h a d t o b e cl o se l y w a tch e d A f e w w e ek s l a te r h e .

w rote to Dr Talb ot Coo k Co u n ty G a ol Apri l 23d I fee l as th ou gh

. :
“
, .

I ha d negle cte d yo u i n no t w ri ti ng y ou i n al l th i s tim e th o u gh yo u m ay ,

n o t c a r e t o h ea r from m e a s I h a v e n e v er d o ne a n yt h i ng b u t t res p as s
,

o n yo u r k i nd ne s s B u t pl e as e do m e t h e j u st i c e of th i nk i ng th a t I n e v e r
.

e xp e ct e d a l l th i s t ro u bl e a s I th o u ght W i ll a nd I w o u l d b e i n o u r gra v e s
,

an d a t p ea c e l ong b e f or e th i s B u t my p l ans fa i l ed mi se rabl y . P oor W i ll .

w as not d ead a nd I w as gra bb e d b e f or e I c oul d s h oo t my self

, I th i nk .
 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N I N MEN . 111

W i ll reall y S h o t h im se lf an d I fee l certai n others w i ll th ink so too wh en

, , ,

t he wh o le s t ory c o m es o u t i n c o u r t I can t u nderstan d t h e su rpri se and ’

.

i ndigna tion my a c t seem ed to engend er a s i t w a s p erfe ctl y right and ,

n a t u r a l th a t W i ll a nd I S h ou l d d i e t oge th e r and n o bo dy e l se s b u s i ne ss
’
.
,

D o y o u k n o w I b el i ev e th a t poor b oy w i ll y et ki ll h im s elf for last N ov em ,

b er wh en I i n my gri e f an d a nge r t o l d h i s re la t ion s a b o u t o u r m a rri ag e h e

w a s s o frig ht e ne d h u r t a nd a n gry th a t h e w a n te d u s b o th t o k i ll o u r
, ,

s e lv e s I a cqu ies ce d gla dl y i n th i s proposa l to c ommi t s u i c ide b u t he

.
,

ba cke d ou t i n a d ay or t w o I a m gl ad now tha t W i ll i s a l iv e and am

.
,

gl a d th a t I a m al i v e e ven w i th t he pro sp ect o f y ea rs of impris onm en t

,

be fore m e b u t wh i ch I w i ll chee rfu lly endu re for h i s s ak e A n d yet for

,
.

t h e la s t t e n mo n th s h i s i n fl u e n c e h a s s o c o mp le te ly c o nt roll e d m e b o th ,

b ody and s o u l tha t i f I h av e do ne right h e sh ou l d h av e th e c re di t for

,

my good d eed s a nd i f I h a ve d o ne w rong he S h o u l d b e bla m e d for t h e

,

m i s ch i e f as I h a v e n o t b ee n m y s e lf a t a l l b u t a p a r t o f h im an d h a ppy
, , ,

to m e rge m y i ndi v id u al i ty i nt o h i s .
”

O l m s tea d w a s t ri e d pri v a te ly i n J u l y N o ne w po i n ts w ere b ro u ght .

ou t . H e w as s e n te n c e d to t he C rimi na l I nsa n e A sy l u m S h or tl y a ft e r .

w a rd wh i le s ti ll i n th e pri so n a t Ch i cago h e w rote to D r Talb o t A S

, ,
. :

o u h a v e b ee n i n t e r e s t e d i n my c a s e from a s c i en t i fic p o i n t o f V i e w th e r e
y ,

i s a l i ttle s om e th i ng more I might t e ll y o u a bo u t my se lf b u t wh i ch I ,

ha v e w i thh el d bec au s e I w a s a sh a m e d to a dmi t certa in facts a nd fea tu res

,

o f my d ep lorable w ea k nes s Among the f ew sexu a l p erv erts I ha ve .

k no wn I hav e no t i ce d th a t al l are i n th e ha b i t o f ofte n cl osing the mou th

w i th the l ow e r lip pro tru di ng b ey ond th e u pp er ! U su ally d u e t o arres ted .

d ev el opm en t of u pp e r j a w ] I n o t i c e d t h e p ecu l i ari ty i n Mr Cl i ff ord

. .

b efore w e becam e i nt im ate and I h ave often c au ght my se lf at the tri ck

,
.

Be fore th a t O pe ra tio n m y tes ti cl es w o u l d s w ell and b e c om e s ore a nd h u r t

m e a nd h a v e s ee m e d t o do s o s i n ce j u s t a s a m an w i ll s om e tim es c om
, ,

p l a in th a t h i s amp u ta te d l eg h u rts h im T h en too my b rea s ts w ou l d .

, ,

s w ell and ab o u t t he n ipp l e s w o u l d b e c om e h a rd a nd s or e and re d

, S in c e .

t he ope rat io n th e re has n ev e r b een a d ay th a t I h av e b e en free fr om sh a rp ,

s h oo t i ng p a i ns do w n th e a b dom e n to t h e s c r o t u m b e i ng w or se a t t h e b a se ,

o f the p enis N o w th a t my fa te i s d ec id ed I w i ll say th at re all y my

.
,

p a ss ion for Mr Cl i ff ord i s on t he w ane b u t I don t kn ow wh eth er the

.
,
’

improv em en t i s p e rm a nen t or not I h a ve ab so l u tel y no p as si on for o th er .

m en an d h a v e begu n t o h ope n o w th a t I c a n y e t ou tl i ve my d e s ire for

, ,

C l i fiord or a t l ea s t c o nt ro l i t I have not yet t old o f th is impro v emen t

'

, .

i n my c o ndi t io n be c au s e I w i s h ed p e op l e t o s t i ll th i n k I w a s i n sane
, ,

s o th a t I w o u l d b e s u re t o e s c a p e b e i ng se n t t o t h e p e n i te n t i a ry I kn ow .

I w as i nsane a t the tim e I t ri e d t o k i ll b oth C l i fiord an d myself and feel '

th a t I don t deserve su ch a drea d fu l p u ni sh m e nt as b ei ng sent to a S ta te

’

pri so n H o w eve r I th i nk i t w a s th a t O p e rat ion and my su b seq u ent i llness

.
,

tha t ca use d my i nsani ty ra th er than p ass ion for Cl i ff ord I s hou l d v ery .
1 12 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

m u ch l i ke to k no w if y o u re all y c o n s id e r se xu al p erv ers io n an i n sa n

ity .
”

Wh en di sch arged from t h e C rimi nal I ns a ne As yl um O l m s tead re ,

tu rne d t o Ch i cago and dem an de d hi s te st i cles from t he Ci ty P os t maste r ,

wh om h e a cc u se d o f b ei ng i n a sy s tema tized c o ns pira cy aga i ns t h im H e .

as s e rt e d th a t t h e pos tm a s te r w a s o n e o f t h e ch i e f a ge n ts i n a p l o t aga i ns t

h im da t ing from b e fo re the cas tra tio n H e w as the n sent to the Coo k
, .

I nsane H ospi ta l It se e m s prob abl e th a t a co ndi tion o f p ara noi a i s n ow

.

firm l y es tabl ish ed .

PS YC H OS EXUAL H ERMA P H RO D I T IS M .

Th is is th e so m ewh at awkw ard n am e gi v en t o th at f orm o f

i n v ersion i n wh i ch th er e exis t s a sex u al att ract io n t o b o th sex es .

I t is d ec id ed ly le ss c om m o n th an simp l e in v ersion We are o n l y .

j u s t i fi e d in in cl u di n g w i th i n th is gro u p th os e p ersons wh o fin d
s ex u al p l eas u r e an d s at i sf act ion b o th w i th m en an d w i th w om en ;

b u t i n mor e th an on e o f th e f o ll o w i n g c ase s the h omos exu al is

more po w er f u l th an the he t e ros ex u al i n st in ct and i t is possibl e ,

th at th ese sh o u l d reall y b e r eg ard ed as c as es o f simp l e in v ersio n .

We h av e t o rem emb er th at th ere is e v ery i n du c em en t f or th e

s ex u al i n v ert t o c u lt i v at e a sp u rio u s att ract ion t o the O pposit e
s ex . I n on e c ase ( XXXI ) th e h et eros ex u al i n st in ct se ems t o h av e
b een ac qu ire d ; i n an o th er h ow ev er ( XXXII ) th e h omos exu al
, ,

i n s t i n ct is app aren tl y ac qu ir ed .

CA S E XXX I — S o far as i s kn ow n t h e h ere di t y i s g ood on b oth

.
,

s id e s H e d a te s h i s h omo se x u a l de s i re s fro m p u b e r ty
. Be tw een th e .

age s o f 1 6 a nd 2 0 h e pra ct i c e d m a s tu r b a tio n t o e x c ess H e h as nev e r .

felt m u ch attrac tion to w ard w om e n e xce pt i n o ne case wh i ch ended ( at ,

t h e ag e o f 2 5 ) i n m a rri a ge H e fi n d s m arri a ge s a t i s fa c t or y o n t h e wh ol e
.
,

b u t i s n o t e n th u s ia s ti c ab ou t i t .

H e i s an a rt i s t o f goo d p hys i qu e b u t h ighl y ner v ou s

, ,
H e i s s ym pa .

th e ti c v ery im agi na ti ve regarde d b y hi s fri end s as a simp le and beau ti fu l

, ,

n a t u re s om e wh a t l a ck i ng i n s t reng th B e tw een th e ages of 16 a nd 23

.

h e h ad m an y l o v e a fia i rs mo stl y w i th b oy s b u t i n o ne or tw o ca ses
'
-

, ,

w i th ol der m en S i nc e m a rri age th ere h ave bee n none o f at al l a s eriou s

.

ch ara cter H e has i n no cas e pra cti ced p wd i ca ti o H e rega rds sexu al
. .

i nver si on as i n al l resp ects o n th e s a m e level as n orm al se xu al i ty .

CAS E XXX II — Age 30 a b rai n w orker of mode ra te p hys i qu e and

.
,
-
,

n e rv o u s te mp er am en t n o t w ell b a l a n c e d r a th e r a s s io na te a nd j ea l ou s
, p , ,
 S EXUAL I NVE R S I O N I N MEN . 1 13

but th orou ghl y good nat u red B o th parents of hea lth y s t ock so f ar as .
,

i s kn ow n .

H e pra cti c e d m a s tu rb a t io n t o a S l ig ht ex ten t a b o u t t h e ag e o f

pu b e rty F rom t he ag e o f 15 or 16 he w as s trongly a ttra c te d to w om en
.
,

a nd ha d a c o ns t a nt s u cc es s io n o f s m a ll l ov e a ff a ir s c u l mi na ti ng i n a -

v i o lent one wh i ch en ded i n di sappoi n tme n t H e w as th en 20 y ea rs o f

,
.

ag e . A f e w months la te r th e h omose x u a l i nst i n ct firs t s h ow ed i tse lf

S po nt a ne o u s l y w i th ou t a ny ass ignable c au se F o r ab ou t a y ea r th e
,
.

n orm a l i ns t i n ct di sa pp e a r e d b u t r e a pp e a red an d s ti ll c on t inu es

,
H is .

h omosexu a l fee l i ng i s o nl y f o r one pers on an d t he p ass ion h a s c on tinu ed , ,

th ou gh no t a t t he whi te hea t o f t he firs t y ea r or so for ten years H i s ,

.

e ro t i c drea m s a re a b o u t m a l e s .

H e can n o t a ff ord to m a r ry b u t o th e r w i s e w o u ld pro ba bl y do so ,

.

H e h a s h a d n o s e x u a l re l a tio ns h ip w i th h i s fri en d a lth o u gh t h e imp u l se ,

i s v ery s t rong H e h as been res tr a i ne d p a r tl y b y fea r o f o ff ense t o t h e

.
,

o th er p ers on s feel ings a n d pa r tl y b y p ers ona l sc ru p l es H e u se d t o h av e

,
’
.

a h orror o f s u ch th i ng s b o th i n h i s o w n c as e a n d th a t o f o th e r s
,
H e h as .

go t ove r t h i s b u t s till l oo k s on i t a s do u b tfu l wh il e free l y c onfes s ing h i s

, ,

o w n i n fa t u a t io n i n th i s o ne c as e .

CAS E XXX I II — E ngl i s h m an 4 0 yea rs o f ag e re tired from b u s ine ss

.
, ,
.

S o f a r a s he k n ow s b e l ongs to a fa mi l y th a t i s qu i t e n orm a l
, .

H om ose xu al de s ires b ega n a t t h e ag e o f 1 1 a t a sm all pri vate s ch oo l ,

a n d w e r e a ft e rw a rd d e v e l op e d a t a l a rge p u bl i c s ch ool H e did no t p ra c .

t i ce m as tu rb at ion H i s e rot i c d rea m s w e r e c o n n ec t e d w i th i ndi v idu a l s

.

o f b o th sex es b u t more u su a ll y h e th i nks w i th w om en H e l ikes w omen

, , ,
.

i n a ge ne ra l w a y and enjoy s th e ir so c i e ty b u t h a s a lw ay s h a d a grea te r

, ,

fee l ing o f a ttra ction t o w ard a bea u ti ful you th of 18 or 20 th an to w ard

a gi r l o f t h e s a m e a ge H e h a s O fte n ha d c onne ctio n w i th w om en b u t
.
, ,

th ou gh h e l ik ed i t he ha s alw ays pre ferred th a t w i th m en H e has

,
.

n e v e r bee n a bl e t o m a k e u p h i s mi nd t o m a rry .

Wh en a you ng b oy he l ik ed bo ys o f hi s o w n age b u t a s h e g rew ,

ol de r he pre ferred th o s e aged b twee n 20 a nd 28 a s al s o he does a t e ,

pre sen t T h o se bel onging to hi s o w n s oc ia l po s i tion and cle rks i n b u si

‘

.
,

n ess h e l i k e s be s t b u t i s n o t a v e r s e a t t im e s t o se rva n ts
, , sa i l or s a nd , ,

s o l d i e rs pro vide d th e y are clea n m anl y a nd a tt ra cti ve i n v oi ce an d

, , ,

m anne r H i s u su a l m e th od O f gra ti fica tion i s in te rc ru ral c onne ct ion b u t

.
,

a t tim e s h e h as b ee n w i ll i ng t o pr a ct i c e p wd i ca ti o H e w as fo nd o f ridi ng .
,

b oa ti ng and s ports as a b oy ; h e i s al so fon d o f m u si c and pai nting H i s

,
.

ch ief r eg re t i n c onne ct ion w ith hi s h omo sexu al i ns ti n cts i s th at h e i s

obl iged t o lea d a dou bl e l i fe .

—
CA E XXX IV E ngl ish m an age d 22 cle rk A c ou si n o n the
S .
, ,
.

moth e r s si d e w a s sex u ally i nv er ted T h e fami ly o th er w i se n orm al and

’
.

l o ng l i ve d
-
.

As a ch i l d h e pre fe rred m en s s o c i e ty a nd w o u ld ra th er s i t on the

’
, ,

8
1 14 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

k nee s o f m en than o f w om en H e doe s n o t ma st u rba te H i s ero ti c

. .

drea m s are u s u ally of m en b u t som e t im es o f w om en H e h as no av er

,
.

s io n for w om e n b u t ,
o n t h e c o n tra ry
, g r e a t s e x u a l a ttra ction t o th em
, ,

a nd c o n ne ct ion h a s o ft en ta k e n p l a c e s u cc e s s fu ll y b u t a t t h e sa me t im e ,

h e ha s an eq u a l fo nd ne ss a n d se x u a l l i k i ng for m a l e s H e c ou l d n o t h e .
,

s a y s r e m a i n fa i thfu l t o a ny w om an b u t c o u l d ce rt a i nl y r e m a i n fa i thfu l
, ,

to a m an and su ch l ov e w ou l d k i ll de s ire for w om en H e has rema in ed

,
.

qu i te fa i thfu l to o ne m a n for th r ee y ea rs H e i s not m a rri ed a nd h as .

,

n o w i s h f or m ar ri age H e i s a ttra cte d t o m en o f h i s o w n ag e a nd prae

.
,

t i ces e ith e r p wd i ca ti o or fel la ti o I n a ppe ara n ce h e i s b roa d ly b u ilt

.
,

s t ro n g a nd h ea lthy a n d i s v e ry f o nd o f a thl e t i c s i n a n y form

, ,
H e h as .

dou bts as to wh eth er hi s feel i ngs are right o r w ro ng b u t th i nks th ey a re ,

n a t u r a l t o h im . H e b e l i ev e s th a t i t i s ce r ta i nl y n o mor e w ro ng th a n
s e x u a l i nt e r c o u r s e w i th w om e n .

CAS E XXXV — E ngl i sh aged 4 0 su rge on S ex u al expe ri en ces b egan

.
, ,
.

e a rl y ,
a b o u t t h e a g e o f 10 wh e n a c ompan ion indu ced h im to p la y at
,

i nterc o u rs e w i th th eir s i sters H e expe ri en ced no pl easu re A l i ttle la ter

. .

a se rv a n t girl b e ga n t o t rea t h im a ff e ct iona t el y a n d a t l ast ca lle d h im

-

i nt o her b edroom wh en sh e w as p a rti a lly u ndress ed fond l ed a nd k i ss ed ,

h i s m e m be r a nd ta u ght h im t o m a s t u rb a t e h e r O n su b sequ e n t o cc as ion s

,
.

s h e a ttemp t ed a S im u l a t io n o f i n te r c o u r se wh i ch gave her sat isfacti on , ,

b u t fa i l ed t o i nd u ce e mi ss io n i n h im O n re tu rn i ng t o s ch oo l mu tu a l
.

m a st u rb a t io n w a s pra ct i ced w i th s ch oo lfell o w s a nd t h e fi rs t e mi s s io n ,

too k pla ce at the ag e o f 14 .

O n l ea v i ng s ch oo l h e b e c a m e a s l av e t o th e ch a rm s o f w om en and ,

h ad fr eq u en t c oi tu s a bo u t t h e age o f 1 7 b u t h e pref e rr e d m as tu rb a t in g ,

gir ls a nd esp ec i ally i n pe rsu ading girl s of good po s i tion to wh om the ,

e xperi en c e w a s e n t ir e l y n ov e l t o a ll o w h im t o t a k e l i ber t i es w i th th em
,
.

A t 25 he be cam e engage d an d m u tu a l m a s t u rba tion w a s pra cti ced to

,

e x c e ss d u ri ng t he en a ge m e n t ; ft e r m a rri age c o nne c t i o n g e ne r a ll y t ook

g a

p la ce tw i ce ev ery tw en ty fo u r h o u rs u n til preg nan cy

-
.

At th i s tim e he w rites I stay e d a t t h e h ou se o f an ol d s ch oo l

“ ”
, ,
“

fe ll o w o ne of my l ov ers o f ol d day s T here w ere s o m a ny gu ests th a t

, .

I sh ared my fri end s bed room Th e s ight o f h i s b ody ga ve ri se to l u st

’
.

f u l fe e l i ngs a n d w h en t h e l i ght w a s o u t I st o l e a c r o ss t o h i s b ed
, He .

m a d e no obj e ct ion and w e p a s se d the night i n m u tu al m astu rb a tion W e

, .

p a ssed t h e nex t fortnight tog e th er and I nev e r to ok t he sa me p l easu re ,

i n c oi t u s w i th my w i fe th o u gh I did my d u ty
, S h e di e d fiv e ye ar s l ate r .
,

a n d I d e v o t e d my se lf h ea r t an d s ou l t o my fri e nd u nt il h i s d ea th b y

a cc id e n t l as t y e a r S i n ce th e n I h a v e l o s t a ll i nt e r es t i n l i fe ”
. .

I a m i nd eb te d for th i s case t o a w ell k no wn E ngl i sh al i en is t wh o -

r em a rk s th a t the p a t i ent i s fa irly h ealth y t o l oo k a t b u t w i th neu ras ,

th en ia and tenden cy t o m el anch o l ia and neu ro ti c te mperam e n t Th e , .

b ody i s m as cu l ine and p u b i c h air abu ndan t O ne testi cle sh o w s w asti ng . .

 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N I N MEN . 115

CA S E S XXX V I A N D i v t h f o ll o w i ng n —
XXXV II I
a rr at i v e i n th e
g e e .

w ords of an intim a te friend o f one o f the cases I n qu est i on My a tten :

“

io
t n w as fi r s t dr a w n t o h
t e s tu dy o f in v e r s io n — thou gh I th en regarde d
a l l f orm s o f i t a s d e pr a vi ng a nd a b omin a bl e — a t a p u bl i c s ch oo l wh e r e ,

i n o ur dormi t ory a b oy o f 15 i ni t i a te d h i s sel ect fri end s i n t o th e sec rets

of m u tu al m as tu rb a tion wh i ch h e h ad l earned from h i s broth er a , ,

midsh ipman I ga v e n o heed t o th i s at the tim e t h o u gh I rem emb ered

.
,

i t i n a fte r y ea rs whe n imm er sed i n P l a to L u cre t iu s a nd the E pi cu rea n

-
, ,

w ri ters Bu t my a ttent io n w as ri ve ted to i t at th e age o f 20 wh en I

.
,

s pent a h o l id a y w i th A a c omp a n io n w i th wh o m I w a s a n d s ti ll a m o n
.
, , ,

terms of grea t friendsh ip W e enjoye d many th i ngs i n c ommo n s tu die d .

,

togethe r and di scu ssed m os t u n conven tional m atters b u t n o t th i s P re ,

.

v i o u sl y w e h a d a lw a y s o cc u pi ed s e p a ra te slee pi ng a p a r tm e n ts ; on th i s

occasion w e w ere ab road i n a c ou nt ry p l a ce and w ere com pe ll ed to pu t ,

u p w i th wh a t w e c ou l d g e t W e not o nl y had t o sh ar e a room b u t a

.
,

b ed . I w as not su rp ri sed at h i s th row i ng hi s arm o ve r m e as I knew ,

h e w as ex t ra ordi nari l y a tta ch ed t o m e and I h a d a lwa y s felt a b ru te ,

for no t re tu rn ing hi s aff ect ion so w arm ly B u t I w a s su rpri sed when .

la te r I aw ok e t o fin d h im oc cu pie d i n f el la ti o and endea v oring to obta in

my re sponse H ad i t b een anyone el s e I sh ou ld h a ve res ented s trongly
.

s u ch a l i b e r t y an d ou r ac qu a i n ta n ce w o u l d h a v e end ed b u t I car ed for

, ,

h im too w ell th o u gh nev er v ery demon strat i ve Th i s e pi s ode l ed t o d i s

, .

c u ss i o n o f t h e t opi c H e to l d m e th a t hi s se xu al s tr en gth w a s gr eat

.
,

th a t he h ad test e d i t i n m any w ay s and th a t i t w as essent i al to h is ,

w ell bei ng th at he s h ou l d h ave sa ti s fa ction in s om e w ay H e l oat hed

-
.

pros ti tu t ion a nd c ons ide red i t degra ding ; he felt p h ys i call y attra cte d t o
s om e w om en a n d i nt ell ec tu all y t o o t h e r s b u t th e t w o el em en ts w ere ,

n e ve r c om b i ne d a n d t h o u gh he h a d b ee n i n t im a te w i th a fe w h e felt
,

th a t i t w as no t right t o th em a s h e c ou l d not m a rry th em bec au se he ,

h el d too h igh an ideal o f m a rri age H e ha d always felt attra cte d t o h i s .

o w n sex a n d h a d k e p t u p a P l a t o n i c fr i e nd s h ip w i th a c o ll ege ch u m ( t o
,

wh om I k new he w a s p ass iona tel y a tta ch e d ) for s om e y ea rs Bo th c on .

s i d e re d i t pe r fe ctly moral a nd b o th felt be tte r for i t Both abh or ,

.

p wd i ca ti o X h ow ev er w ou l d n eve r di s cu ss th e su bj e ct an d seem ed
. .
, , ,

h a lf ash am ed of i t A on the oth e r h and th ou gh s h ow ing a grea t self

-
. .
, ,

re s pe ct i n all th ings else feel s no s h am e th ou gh he sa ys he w ou l d never

, ,

di s cu ss i t ex cep t w i th cl ose friend s or i f ask ed for priva te a d v i ce .

A i s the el de r ch il d o f a mil i ta ry o ffi ce r H i s p a ren ts w ere 21 and

“
. .

19 res p ec t i v el y at t h e tim e o f h i s b ir th
, ,
Bo th paren ts a re h ea lth y and .
,

th e tw o ch i l dre n ( b o th bo y s ) h a v e good c o ns t i tu t io n s th o u gh t h e el d e r ,

h a s t he be tt e r H e i s o f m ed i u m h eight an d sl end e r l im b s pro u d c a rria ge

.
, ,

h an ds om e and i ntellec tu al face ( cl assi c G re e k typ e ) ex cell en t complex ion , ,

charmi ng m anne rs and good t emper The p eni s i s large the foresk i n
, .
,

very sh ort H e i s fond of p h il os op h y natu ral s c ience h i story and l itera

.
, , ,
116 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

tu re . H e is re fl e c t i ve
and p a ti en t r at h e r th an s m a r t b u t s tro ng w i lle d ,
-

an d v e ry a c t i v e wh en rou s e d ne v e r r e s t i ng t i ll h e h a s a cc omp l i sh ed wh a t
,

he w ant s e v en i f th i s ta ke s y ea r s
,
H e s i ngs e x c e ll en tl y and i s f o nd o f
.
,

cy cli ng b oa ti ng s w immi ng and mou nta in cl im b ing H e enj oys ex cellent

, , ,
-
.

hea lth and has ne ver had a day s i llnes s s in ce he w a s 12 years o f age
,
’
.

H i s sl ee p i s drea m l e s s H e say s t h e on l y t im e he ca nn o t s l ee p h a s b een

.

when i n b ed w i th s om e o ne wh o c oul d no t or w ou ld no t sa t i sfy hi m H e .

requ ires sa t i s fa ction a t leas t on ce a w eek tw i ce or t h ri ce i n the h o t seas on ,

.

H e ne ve r s mokes n or dr in k s b ee r or spirit s
,
H e i s s t i ll s i ngl e b u t b e .
,

li e v e s th a t m arri age w o u l d m ee t a ll h i s nee ds .

X i s a l s o a n eldes t ch il d o f yo u ng and h ealth y p a rents ( be tw een

.
,

2 1 a nd 24 a t h i s b irt h ) o f di ff e ren t cla ss ; fa th e r a b u i l de r H e is o f .

p lea s i ng b u t n ot ha nds om e a ppe a ran c e ; ve ry sens i t i ve ve ry nea t and

, , , ,

m eth odi cal i n a ll th i ngs ; no t ve ry s trong w illed a nd very rese rv e d t o -

,

w omen H e i s o f v ery stu diou s di s po s ition espe c ially f ond of ph i l oso p h y

. , ,

po l i ti cs and na tu ra l s ci en ce ; a good m u s i c i an Ta kes moderate exe rc ise

,
.
,

b u t ra th e r eas i l y fa t igu ed I s ge n era ll y h ea lth y b u t no t ov ers t rong

.
,
.

H e i s a v ege ta ri an and w as b rou ght u p a s a f ree th i nker

,
U nt i l tw o -
.

year s ag o he w as nev er attra cte d t o w a rd a girl ; i ndee d he disl iked girls ; ,

b u t he i s n o w enga ge d F o r a b o u t e ighte en mo n th s h e h a s rel i nqu i s h e d

.

h omos exu al i ty b u t h as s u fl ere d from drea m s ba d digest ion and peev is h

,
'

, ,

n ess s in c e H e t h i nk s t h e o nl y r e m edy i s m a rri age wh i ch he i s pu s h i ng

.
,

on . H e regard s h omo se x u a l i t y as qu i te na tu ra l and norm a l t h ou gh h i s ,

desires are no t strong and once a fort night has a l w ay s sa ti s fied h im H e

,
.

w a s l ed t o t he pra ct i c e b y t he re a s on i ng o f A a nd b e c a u s e h e fe lt a .
,

ce rta in v agu e nee d and th i s c om f orte d h im H e th inks i t a m a tte r o f

,
.

t emp e ra m e n t a n d no t t o b e di sc u s s ed ex c ep t b y s c i en t i s ts H e s ay s he
,
.

c ou l d never perform it ex cep t w i t h h i s dea res t frie n d wh ose requ es t he ,

co u ld n o t res i s t H e has a l ong fores k i n fles h l i ke a w om an s and i s

.
,
’
,

w ell proport ioned .

B o th m en a re a rdent f or s o c i a l re form t he o ne a ct i vel y t he o the r , ,

pass i v ely engaged i n i t Bo th a ls o rega rd the l aw a s to h omosex u al ity

.

a s a b s u rd a n d d e mora l izi ng T h e y al s o thi nk tha t t he l aw proh ib i ti ng

.

po lyga my is l argel y th e ca u se O f pros ti tu tio n a s m a ny w om en are pre ,

ve nte d from li v i ng h o ne s t l i ves and be ing ca re d f or b y s ome o ne and ,

m a ny m en c ou l d m a rry o ne w om a n f or p hy s i c a l s a ti s fa ct io n a nd an o th er
f or in tellectu al .

T h ey w e re de v o te d t o ea ch o th e r w he n I fi r s t kne w th em ; the y
“

are s t i ll fri e nd s b u t se p a r a te d b y di st an c e
,
Bo th are ex ceedingly h on or .

abl e a n d th e l a t t er i s t ru t hfu l t o a fa u l t
”
.
,

I b el i eve th at a th orough psy ch ol ogi c al in v es t igat ion o f th e

tw o pr ec ed i ng c as es as w ell as o f C as e XXXI might Sh o w th at
, ,
 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N I N MEN . 117

th ey r eally in v ert s wh o h av e ac quir ed t o l eran c e for h et ero

are

s ex u al i ty T h ey are no t p ersonall y kno w n t o m e Th e fo ll o w

. .

ing c as e w i th wh i ch I hav e b een ac qu ain t ed f or many y ears; I

,

r egard as a mor e g enuin e examp l e o f psy ch os ex u al h erm aph

ro d i ti sm z

CA S E XXX V III E ngl is h man inde pe n den t m eans aged 52 m a rrie d

.
-

, , ,
.

H i s an ce s t ry i s o f a c omp l i ca te d ch ara c te r S om e o f h i s m o the r s fore

’
.

fathe rs i n the las t and ea rl ie r ce nt u ri es are s u pp o sed t o h a ve been i n

v e rte d H e rem em bers l i k i ng t he caresses of hi s fa the r s footm en when
.
’

h e w as qu i te a l i ttl e b oy H e drea m s i n di ff e re ntly a b o u t m en a nd w o m en

.
,

a nd h a s s tro ng s e x u a l fee l i ng f or w om e n C a n O op u l a te b u t doe s n o t

.
,

m s rs t o n th i s a c t ; th e re i s a te nde n c y to re fin e d v o l u p tu o u s p lea su re , .

H e h a s b een m a rri ed f or m a n y y ears a n d th e re a re se v e ra l ch i l dren b y

,

t he m arri age .

H e i s n o t p a r t i c u la r a bo u t t h e cla ss or age O f t h e m e n h e l ov es H e .

fee ls w i th regard to ol de r m en as a w oman does and l i kes to b e caresse d ,

b y the m H e i s imm e ns ely v a i n o f h i s p hy s i cal b ea u ty ; h e shu n s

.

p wd i ca ti o a nd do e s n o t m u ch c a re for t he s e x u a l a c t b u t l i k es l ong
/
,

h ou rs o f v o lu p tu ou s comm u nion d u ring wh i ch h i s lov er admires h im .

H e fee ls t h e b e a u t y o f b oy h o o d A t t he sa m e t im e he i s m u ch a ttrac t ed
.

by you ng girl s .

H e i s d e c id e d ly fe mi n i ne i n h i s dre s s m a nne r of w a lk i ng l ov e o f
, ,

s c e nt s or n a m e n ts a n d fine th i ngs
, , H i s b ody i s e x c e s s i v el y sm o o th and
.

wh ite the h ip s an d b u tto ck s rou nd ed G en i ta l organs norm al H i s tem

, . .

era m ent i s fe mi n i n e p c i ll y i n v n i ty irri ta b i l i ty a nd pe t ty pre

p e s e ,
a a , ,

occ u p a tions H e i s m u c h pre o ccu pied w i t h h i s pe rsona l a ppea ran ce and

.

fond o f admira tion ; o n o ne o cca s ion he w as ph o to gra p h ed na k ed as

Ba cch u s H e i s ph ys i ca ll y a nd m o rally c ou rageo u s H e has a ge ni u s
. .

for poe try and spe c u l ation w i th a tend en cy to mys t i c i s m

, .

H e fee l s t h e di s c ord b e tw e en hi s l ov e f or m e n an d so c i e ty a l s o b e ,

tw een i t and h i s l ove for h i s w i fe H e rega rds i t a s i n p art a t lea s t

.
, , ,

heredi ta ry and inb orn i n h im .

 CH A PT ER I V .

S E XUAL I NVER S I O N I N WO MEN .

P rev al en c e of S exu a l Inve rs ion Among Women— Among the L o w er

R a c e s— T e mpo ra ry H omo sex u a l i ty i n S ch oo l s et c — Cas es XXX IX XL II ,
-

P h y s i cal an d P s y ch i c Ch arac te ri s t i cs o f I nve r te d W om en—Th e Mo dern

—
D e v el opm ent o f H omo s ex u a l i ty Amo ng W om en H omos exu a li ty Am ong
P ros t i tu tes .

H O M O S EXUAL I T Y h as b een o b ser ve d in w om en from v ery

ear l y t im es an d in v ery w id e spr ead r egio n s
,
R efraining from
-
.

any att emp t t o t r ac e i t s h is t ory an d c oming do w n t o E u rop e in

,

th e eight een th c en t ury w e fin d a c ase o f s exu al in v ersion in a

,

w om an wh i ch seems t o b e rec ord e d in great er d et ai l than any

,
’
c ase i n a m an h ad yet b een re c orde d M or eo v er Wes t p h al s fi rs t .
,

no t abl e c as e wh i ch m ay b e sai d t o in augurat e the s c i en t i fic st u dy

,

o f s e xu al i n v e rsion w as in a w om an T h e p assio n o f w om en f or
,
.

w om en h as al so f orm ed a fav ori t e subj ect w i th th e no ve l ist

, , ,

wh o has un t i l l at el y b een c ar efu l t o av oid the sam e s u bj ec t as

pr e s e n t ed in th e m al e I t is c e rt ain th at h omos ex u al i t y is by no
.

m eans l e ss c ommon in w om e n th an in m e n .

T he igh teen th centu ry c a se re fe rre d t o a b ove i s t h a t o f Ca theri na

e

Ma rga re th a L i nc k e n wh o m a rri e d a n oth er w om an so m e wh a t a fte r t he

, ,

ma nne r o f the H u ngari an C ou nt es s V i n ou r ow n d ay : t e w i th the ai d

. . .
,

o f a n a r t i fic i a l m a l e orga n S h e w a s c on de m ned t o dea th for s odomy

.
,

a n d e x e c u t e d i n 1 7 2 1 a t t h e ag e o f 2 7 ( F
,
C Muller E in w ei terer F all
. .
,
“

vo n c o n t rif rer S e x u al e m p fl nd u ng F ri ed rei c h s B latter H 4 T his

” ’
.
, , ,

w a s i n G e rm a n y a n d i t i s s om e wh a t rem a rk a ble th a t ev en a t a m u ch
,

ea r l i er p e riod s u ch a n i n s t r u m e n t a pp ea r s t o h a v e b ee n u se d b y G e rm an

w om en for i n the tw elfth cen tu ry Bish o p B u rc hard t o f W orm s speak s

, , ,

of i ts u se as a th i ng w h i ch s om e w om en are accu s t om e d to do I h ave

“
.
”

fou nd a no t i ce o f a s imi la r case i n F rance d u ri ng the six teen th cen tu ry

, ,

i n Mo nta i g ne s J ou r na l d u V oyag e en I ta l i e en 185 0 ( w ri tt en b y h i s

’

s e c re ta ry ) i t t ook p la ce near V i try l s F ranca i se S even or eight girl s b e .

l ongi ng to Ch au m ont w e are tol d res o lved to dress and t o w ork as m en ;

, ,

o ne o f th ese ca m e t o V i t ry t o w or k a s a w ea v e r and w a s l oo ked u po n as ,

( 1 1 8)
 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N I N W O MEN . 1 19

a w e ll c o ndi t io ned yo u ng m a n
-
a n d l i k e d by e v eryo ne A t V i t ry she
,
.

be cam e b etro th e d to a w oman b u t a qu a rre l a ri si ng no marri age t oo k

, , ,

p lace A fter wa rd she fell i n l ove w i th a w oma n wh om she m arried

.
“
,

a n d w i th wh om s h e l i v e d f or fo u r or fiv e mon th s t o t h e w i fe s g rea t c o n
’
,

t en t m ent i t i s sa id ; b u t ha v i ng b e en r ec ogn iz ed b y s om e on e f rom Ch au

,

mon t and brou g ht to j u sti ce she w as cond emne d to b e h anged S he

, , .

sa id s h e w oul d e v en prefe r thi s t o l i v ing aga in as a girl and w as h ang e d ,

f or u s i ng i lli c i t inven tio n s t o su pp ly the de fects o f her sex ( Journa l ”

,

ed b y d Anco n a 1 889 p
’
.
.
, ,

A ri ost o i t has b een po in te d o u t has des cri be d t he h o m osexu a l a t

, ,

tractions o f w o men D idero t s fa mou s n ovel L a R eli gi eus e wh i ch wh en

.
’
, , ,

firs t p u bl is h e d w a s th ou ght t o hav e b een a ctu ally w ri tten b y a nu n deals

, ,

w i th th e tor tu re t o wh i ch a nu n w as p u t b y t he pe r verse l u b ri c i ty of
h er a bb es s f or wh om i t i s sa id D id e ro t fo u n d a m od el i n t h e A bb ess o f
‘

, , ,

C h el les a d a u ghte r o f t he R egen t a n d thu s a me m be r o f a fami ly wh i ch

, ,

for sev eral gene ra tions sh o w ed a ma rked tend ency t o i nvers ion D id erot s .
’

na rr a ti v e h a s b ee n d esc ri be d as a fa i thfu l d es c rip ti on of t h e h omo se x u a l

p h eno m ena l i a ble to o ccu r i n conv ents Ba l za c w h o trea ted so m an y .

,

p sy ch o logi ca l as pe cts of lo v e i n a more or les s v ei led m anner has ,

t ou che d o n th i s i n L a F i l le au ra Y eu a: d or i n a v ag ue a nd ex t rav agantl y

’
,

rom ant i c fash ion G au ti er ( u s ing s om e s light fou nda ti on i n fa ct ) ma d e

.

t he a d ven tu res of a w om an wh o w a s pred i s po sed t o h o m os e x u a l i ty and ,

s l o wl y rea l iz es t h e fa ct t h e cent ra l mo ti v e O f h i s w o n d e rfu l roman c e

, ,

Mad emoi sel l e d e Mau p i n H e a ppro a ch ed t h e s u bj ec t p u rely as an

.

a r t i s t a nd po e t b u t hi s h a nd l i ng o f i t s h ow s rem arka ble i ns ight

,
Z ol a .

ha s d e s c ri be d s e xu a l i nv e r s io n w i th ch a ra ct e ri s ti c fr an k nes s i n N ana
a nd e l se wh e r e S om e t w en ty y ea rs ag o a pop u la r n ov e l i s t A B el o t pu b
.
, .
,

li she d a n ov e l c a ll e d Mad emo i s ell e G i rau d ma F emme wh i ch w as m u ch , ,

rea d ; th e nov el ist to o k the a tt itu de o f a moral i s t wh o i s bo u nd to t rea t

frankl y b u t w i th a l l de c orou s pr o pri ety a s u bj ect o f in creas ing s o c i a l
, ,

gra v i ty Th e s t ory i s th a t o f a m an wh os e b ride w i ll no t all o w hi s

.

a ppro a ch on a cc o u n t o f h er o w n l i a i s on w i th a fe m a l e fri en d c ont in u e d

a fte r m a rri ag e T h i s b oo k appea rs t o h a ve gi v en origi n t o a la rge nu m

.

b er o f n o v e ls wh i ch I ha v e n o t rea d a nd s om e o f wh i ch are sai d t o t o u ch

, ,

the qu es tio n w i th c on s ide rabl y l ess a fl ec ta t i o n o f propri et y Among o th er '

n ov el i s t s o f h ig h e r ra nk wh o h av e d ea lt w i th th e m a tte r m a y b e

m en tio ned G u y d e Mau p as san t Bo u rge t D au det and C a t u ll e Mendes , , ,

.

Am ong poets wh o h a ve u sed th e moti v e o f h omos ex u al i ty i n w om en w i th

more or le ss b oldness m ay b e fou nd L a m art ine ( R egi na ) S w inb u rne ,

( fir s t se ri es o f P oems and B a l la d s ) and V e rl a i ne ( P a ra l l el emen t ) , .

It i s n o te w or th y th at a c onsiderable proport ion o f t he nu mb er o f

c as e s i n wh i ch in v e rs ion h a s l e d t o c rim e s o f v i o l e n c e or oth er w i se ,

a c qu ir ed m e di c o l eg a l impor t an c e ha s b ee n a mo ng w om en
-
P e rhap s t h e
, .

mos t w id el y kno w n ex ample i s the Memp h i s ca se wh i ch o ccu rred i n t he ,

 12 0 S EXUAL I N VER S I O N .

U n i te d S ta tes, b een stu di ed b y D r Arth u r Ma cdo nal d O b serva

an d ha s .

t ion d e S e xu al i té P a t h ologiqu e F emini ne Arc hi ves d Anthropologi e ,

” ’

C ri mi nel le May , I n t h i s cas e a c onge n i ta l s ex u a l i nv e r t A l i ce

, ,

Mi tc he ll p lann e d a ma rri age w i th F re da Wa rd ta k ing a ma le na m e an d

, ,

co s tu m e T h is sche me w as fru st ra te d by h eda s s is te r and Al i ce Mi tchell

.
’
,

then c u t F re da s th roa t T here i s no reason to s u pp ose that s he w as

’
.

i nsa ne a t the t im e o f t h e m u rde r S h e w a s a t ypi c a l i nv e rt o f a ve ry .

pro n o u n ce d k i nd H er mo ther h a d b een insane a nd had h omi c id a l i m

.

p u ls es S he h erself w a s c ons id ered u nb alan ce d and w as m as cu l ine i n her

.
,

hab i ts from h er earli es t years H er fa ce w as obv io u sly u ns ym metri c al .

a n d sh e ha d an a pp ea ran c e o f you th fu l nes s b e l o w her a e S h w s

g e a .

n o t v i c iou s an d ha d l i t tl e k no wl e dg e o f sex u a l m a tte r s b u t wh en s h e

, ,

k issed F reda she w as ash am e d o f b e ing seen w hi le F red a c oul d see n o ,

reas on for be ing as ha med .

Anoth e r Am eri can case ( for some deta il s c on ce rning wh i ch I

am i n debt e d t o D r J G K i ernan o f Ch i cago ) i s t h a t o f the Ti ller
“
. . .
,

S i s ters t w o qu introo ns wh o f or m a n y y ears had a c ted toge th er u nde r

”
, ,

th a t na m e i n chea p th ea ters O ne wh o w a s a n inv ert w i th a .

, ,

h orror of m e n dat ing from ea rly girlh ood w as se xu ally a tta ched t o th e ,

o th er wh o w a s w i th ou t inbo rn i n ve rs ion and w a s even tu a lly i nd u ced

, ,

by a m an to lea v e t he i nvert The la tte r o ve rc om e by j eal ou sy b roke .

, ,

i nt o t h e a partmen t of t he c ou p le an d s h o t t h e m an dead S he w as tried ,

.
,

a n d s en t t o p ri s o n for l i fe A d e fen se o f insan i ty w as m a de b u t f or th is

.
,

the re w a s no ev iden ce .

I n an o th e r c ase a l s o oc c u rri ng i n C h i c ago ( re porte d i n Med i c i ne

, ,

J u ne 1899 an d A li en i s t a nd N eu r o l ogi s t O ct obe r

, , a t ra in e d n u r se , ,

l i ved for fo u rtee n years w i th a you ng w om an wh o le ft her o n fou r

di ff erent oc casi ons b u t w as e a ch tim e i n du ce d t o re tu r n ; fina ll y h o w
, ,

e v e r sh e le ft a nd m a rri e d
, whereu po n t he nu rse s h o t t he hu sb an d w ho
, ,

w a s n ot h ow e v e r fa ta ll y w o u n d e d
, ,
T h e c u l pri t i n th i s ca se h a d been .

tw i ce m arried b u t had n ot l i ve d w i th ei th er o f he r h u s ban ds ; i t w as

,

s ta te d th a t h e r moth e r ha d di e d i n a n as y l u m and th a t h er b ro th e r h ad ,

c ommi tte d s u i cid e S he w as ch arge d w i th di so rderly c ondu c t and fined

. .

H o mosexu a l relat ion sh ip s a re al s o a ca u se o f s u i c ide a mong w omen .

S u ch a c a se w a s r e po r te d i n Ma ss a ch u s etts ear l y i n 190 1 ( F o r th e ne w s .

paper repor t of t h is case I am in d ebted to D r G J E ngel ma nn o f Bos t on ) . . .

, .

A girl o f 2 1 ha d bee n tende d du ri ng a period of ne rv ou s pros tra t ion ,

a pp a r en tl y o f h y s t e ri ca l na t u r e b y a fri end and neighb or 14 yea rs her , ,

s e nior m a rried an d h a v i ng ch i ldre n An in tima te fr i end sh ip gre w u p

, .
,

e qu a ll y a rd en t o n b o th S id e s T he mot h e r o f t h e yo u nge r w om an an d
.

t he h u sb and o f t he o th e r t oo k m eas u re s t o p u t a s t op t o t h e i n t im ac y ,

a nd t h e girl w as se n t a w a y t o a di s t an t c i ty ; s t o l en i n te r v i e w s h o w ev e r , ,

s t i ll o cc u rre d F i n a ll y wh e n the ob s tac l es b e ca m e i ns u rmou n ta ble th e

.
, ,

you nge r w om an b ou ght a rev olver and del ibera tel y s h ot h erself i n the
 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N I N W O MEN . 121

t emp l e i n presence o f her mother dying i m media tel y Th o u gh s om et im es

, ,
.

t h ou g ht t o a c t ra th e r s t ra nge ly S he w a s a grea t fa v ori te w i th all h a n d

, ,

s om e,
v ery a thle ti c fon d o f al l o u t door spo rts an energet i c rel igio u s
,
-

w orke r poss ess i ng a fine v oi ce and w as an acti ve m ember of m any clu bs

, ,

a nd s o c i e t i e s T h e O l d e r w om a n be l onge d t o an a ri st oc ra ti c fa mi l y an d
.

w as l o v e d and res p e cte d b y a l l .

It is n otew orth y that su ch ca ses i n wh i ch w om en c ommi t deed s o f ,

v io lence as a resu lt of h omosexu a l pas sion c e rta i nly o ccu r m u ch m ore ,

f requ entl y i n Am eri c a tha n in E u rop e .

Y et k no w c omp arat i v el y l i ttl e o f s ex u al in v ersion in

we
w oman ; o f th e t o t al n um b er o f r ec ord ed c as es o f th is ab u or
mal i ty no w v ery c onsid erabl e o n l y a sm all proport ion are in
, ,

w om en an d the ch i ef mo n ograp h s on th e s u bj ect de v o t e bu t

,

l i ttl e sp ac e t o w om en 1
.

I th in k th er e are s ev er al r easons f or th is N o tw i th s t an din g .

th e s ev eri t y w i th wh i ch h omos ex u al i t y in w om en h as b ee n v isi t ed

in a f ew c ases f or th e mos t p ar t m en s eem t o h av e b een i n d i f
,

f eren t t o w ard i t ; wh en i t h as b een m ade a c rim e or a c au s e f or

di v or c e in m e n i t has us u ally b een c onsid ered as n o o ff ense at
,

al l in w om e n
2
A n o th e r r easo n is th at i t i s l e ss easy t o d et e ct in
.

w ome n ; w e are acc u s t om ed t o a m u ch gr eat er fami l i ari t y an d

i n t im ac y b etw een w om en th an b etw een m en an d we are l ess apt ,

t o s u sp ect the exis t en c e o f an y ab n orm al p assio n An d all i ed .

w i th th is c au s e w e h av e al so t o be ar i n mind th e ext rem e i gn o

ran c e an d th e ext r em e r et i c en c e o f w om en r egardi n g any ab u or
m al or ev en n orm al m an i f e s t at io n o f th eir sexu al l i f e A w om an .

m ay f ee l a h ig h d egr ee o f s ex u al att ract ion f or ano th er w om an

w i th ou t r eal izi n g th at h er aff ect ion is s exu al an d wh en sh e do es ,

r eal iz e i t S he is n early alw ays v ery u n w i ll ing t o rev eal th e n at ur e

1
Mo ll ’
s ch ap ter on h omose xu al ph en om ena
in om en i n the ird w th
t
e di io n of h i s K on tr ar e S ewua le mp flnd u ng
'

( 1899 ) i s , o e e r , an i m h w v
t t c t b t c t fic t f
por an on ri u ion t o t he s i en i s u dy o t he su j e , and ir een b ct th t
c t
as es are n a rr a e dt b v t
K r aff E i ng h a s d e o e d b u t i e a e n io n t o
.
-
l ttl tt t
l v
se x u a w
i n ers ion i n om e n .

h
“
tl w
T i s a ppa ren y id e sprea d opi n ion i s represe n e d y the re m a r
-
t b k
f l t c t c c
o a yo u ng m an i n t he a s en u ry ( on ern i ng t he L e s ian riend o b f f
th e w w h t C
om an he i s es o m arry ) , qu o ted i n th e om e d e Ti y s S ou ve ’
t ll
J a vou e qu e c es t nu genr e d e r i va li té qu i ne me d o nne a uc u ne
’ ’
ni r s :
h u meu r ; au con trai r e, cela m a mu s e et j ai l i mmora li té d en ri r e
’ ’ ’ ’
.
122 SE XUAL I NVER S I O N .

o f h er in t imat e expe ri en c e ev en w i th th e adop t ion o f prec au ,

t ions an d alth ough th e fact m ay b e pres en t t o h er th at b y h el p

, ,

i ng t o r ev eal the n at ur e o f h er ab norm al i ty sh e m ay be h el pi n g ,

t o l ig ht en th e b urd en o f i t on o th er w om en A mong the nu m er .

ous c on f essions v o l u n t ari ly s en t t o Kraff t Eb i n g th er e is no t on e -

b y a w oman T h er e is I th in k on e o th er r easo n wh y se xual i n

.
, ,

v er sio n is l ess O b V i ou S in a w om an We h av e som e r eason t o .

b el i ev e th at wh i l e a S l ight d egr ee o f h om osex u al i t y is c ommo n er

,

in w ome n th an i n m en an d is fav ore d b y th e c o n di t ions u n d er

,

wh i ch w om en l i v e w ell m ark e d an d fu ll y d ev el op ed c ases o f i n

,
- -

v ersion are rar er in w om en th an in m en T hi s resul t w ou l d b e .

in h armony w i th th e ev id en c e as t o the gre at er aff ect ab i l it y o f

the feminin e organ i sm t o s l ig ht s t imu l i an d i t s l ess er l i ab i l i t y ,

t o s erio u s vari at ion .

1

T h e s am e k ind o f ab errat ions th at are f o u nd among m en

in l ow er rac es are al so s ee n in w om en th o u gh th ey are l ess f re ,

qu en tly rec ord ed I n N ew Z eal and i t is st at ed on th e au th ori t y

.

o f Mo eren h ou t ( th ough I hav e no t b een abl e t o fi nd th e ref er

e n c e ) th at th e w om en pract i c e d L es b i an ism I n S o u th A m eri c a .
,

wh er e in v ersion is c ommon among m en w e find simi lar ph e ,

n o m en a in w om en A mong Brazi l i an t ri b es G an d av o w ro t e
.
2

T h ere cer ta i n w om en a mong these Indians wh o de te rmi ne t o

are

be ch as te and kn o w n o m an T h ese lea v e every w om anly o ccu pa tion

.

a nd imi ta te t he m en T h ey w ea r th eir h air t he sam e w ay a s the m en

.
,

t h ey go t o w ar w i t h the m or h u nt i n g bearing th eir bo w s ; th e y c o nt i nu e ,

a lw a y s i n t h e c om pa n y o f m en a n d e a ch h a s a w om a n wh o se r ve s h er
,

a n d w i th wh om s h e l i v es
”
.

T h is h as som e an al ogy w i th th e p h en om en a s e en amon g

N orth A m eri c an m en D r H o l d er h o w ev er wh o has c arefu ll y
. .
, ,

s t u di ed the boté t ell s m e th at h e h as m et no c orr esponding ph e

,

n om en a in w om en .

I n B al i acc ording to J ac o b s
,
3
h omos exu al i t y is al mos t as ,

S ee H E ll i s , Man a nd Woma n , Ch a pt e rs X III a nd X V

. .

G an d a v o , qu o te d b y L o m a c co , Ar c h i vi o p er l An tr op olo gi a , 1889,
’

fasc . 1 .

As qu o te d b y P l o s s a nd Ba rtel s , D as Wei b , 1895 , B . 1, p . 390 .

 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N I N WO MEN . 1 23

c ommon among w om en as am o n g m en th ough i t is mor e ,

s ec r etl y ex er c is ed ; th e m eth ods o f gr at i fic at ion adop t ed are

e i th e r di gi t al or l ingu al or e l s e b y b ringing th e p art s t og e th e r
,

( t ri b adism ) .

B au mann wh os e no t es on th e o cc urren c e o f sex u al i n version

,

among th e m al e n e gro pop u l at ion o f Z anzi b ar h av e b een el se

wh er e ref err ed t o fin ds that i t is no t rar e among w om en Al

, .

th o u gh Ori en t al m anne rs r end er i t impossibl e f or s u ch w om en t o

we ar m en s cl o th es O p en l y th ey do so in pri vat e an d are r ec og
’
, ,

n i z ed b y o th e r w om en b y th eir m an l i k e b eari n g as al so b y th e -

,
’
fact th at w om en s g arm en t s do no t su i t th em T h ey S h o w a .

prefer en c e f or m as c u l in e o cc u p at io n s an d s eek s ex u al sati sf ac ,

t ion among w om en wh o h av e the sam e i n cl in at io n s or el s e ,

among n orm al w o m en wh o are w on ov er b y pr es ent s or o th er

,

m eans I n addi t ion t o t rib adism or c un n i l i n g us the y som e t im es

.
,

u s e an eb o n y or i v ory p h all u s w i th a k i n d o f gl an s at o n e e n d
, ,

or som et im es at b o th en d s ; i n the l att er c as e i t c an b e u s ed b y

tw o w om en at o n c e an d som et im es i t has a h o l e b or e d th rough i t
,

b y wh i ch w arm w at er c an be in j ect ed ; i t is r eg ard ed as an A r ab

in v en t ion an d is som et im es u sed b y norm al w om en sh u t u p in
,

harems an d pract i c all y d epri v e d o f s ex u al sat is fact ion

,
1
.

A mong A rab w o m en acc ordi n g t o Ko ch er h omos ex u al

, ,

pract i c es are rare th o u gh v ery c ommo n amo n g A r ab m en I n

,
.

E gyp t h o w ev er acc ordin g t o Godard Ko ch er an d o th ers i t is

, , , , ,

al mos t f as h io n abl e an d eve ry w om an in th e h ar e m h as a

,
“
fri en d . A mo n g th e n egro es an d mu l att o es o f Fr en ch c r eo l e
c ou nt ri es acc ording t o C orr e h omos exu al i t y is v ery c ommon
, , .

“
I k no w a l ady o f gr eat b eau t y h e r em ark s a st rang er in
“
,
”
,

G u ad al u p e an d the mo th er o f a fami l y Wh o is o bl iged t o st ay ,

aw ay f rom th e m ar k et s an d c er t ai n s h ops b ec au s e o f th e ex c essi v e

admir at ion O f m u l att o w om en an d n egr ess e s an d th e imp u d en t ,

i n v i t at ions wh i ch th ey d are t o addr ess t o h er 2

H e r e fers t o .
”

s ev eral c as es o f mor e or l ess V io l en t s ex u al att emp t s b y w om en on

yo u ng c o l ore d girl s o f 1 2 or 1 4 an d o b s er v es th at s u ch att emp t s
,

b y m en on ch i l dr en o f th ei r ow n se x are m u ch rarer .

1
Z ei ts c hri f t fu r E thno logi e,
'
6 , 1899 , H . p . 6 69 .

C o rre, C ri me en P ays C r e o l es , 1889 .

124 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

I n C hi na (acc ord ing t o Mat ignon ) and in C o ch in C hin a

( acc or di ng t o L orion ) h o mos e xu al i t y do e s n o t app e ar t o b e c om
mon among w om en I n I ndi a h o w ev er i t is pro b ably as preve .
, ,

l en t among w om en as i t c ert ain l y is among m en .

I n t ion of t h is w or k I qu oted the O pinion of S urgeo n

t h e firs t edi
Major B u ch anan S u p eri nten den t o f t he Cen tral G ao l o f Be nga l at
,

Bh aga lp u r wh o i nform ed m e tha t he had neve r com e ac ross a ca se and

,

t ha t hi s h ea d ga ol er ha d nev e r h ea rd o f s u ch a th ing i n tw en ty fiv e
- -

y ears expe rien ce Ano th er officer i n the In dian Medi cal S erv i ce ass u re s
’
.

m e h o w eve r t h a t th ere cann o t b e th e lea s t do u b t as to th e frequ e n c y o f

, ,

h om osexu a l i ty a mong w omen i n Ind i a e i th er inside or ou ts ide gao ls I ,

.

a m i nd ebte d t o h i m for t he f oll o w i n n o te s on th i s po i n t

g
“
Th a t h omosex u al rela tionsh ip s are c ommon enough a mong I n d i an
women i s e v id en ce d b y the fa ct th a t t h e H in du s tani lang u age has fiv e
w ords to den o te the tribade : ( 1 ) d ugd na ( 2 ) zand k hé ( 3 ) sa tar ( 4 ) , ,
’
,

c hap a thai a nd, ( 5 ) c ha p a tbaz T he mo d u s op era nd i is g enera ll y wha t

.

Mart i al call s g emi no s commi ttere cu nnos b u t s om e tim es a p ha llu s c alle d , ,

s a bu ra h i s e mp l oy ed
, T he ac t i ts elf i s c al le d c
. a t or c hap i t a n d th e ,

H indu s ta n i poe ts N azie R anges J an S uha t treat o f L esb ian l o ve v ery

, , , ,

e x t e ns i v e l y a n d som e t im e s v e ry c r u d e l y J an S uh a t a w om a n po e t s i ngs .
, ,

to the e fl e c t t ha t int ercou rse w i th a w om an by m eans of a p hallu s i s to

‘

b e pre fe rre d t o the sa ti s fa cti on o fiere d b y a m ale l o ver T he co m m on

'

e u p h e mi s m e mp l oy e d wh en s pe ak i ng o f tw o t ri b a d es wh o l i v e t og e th er
’

i s th a t the y l i v e ap ar t S o m u ch for t he l i te rary ev iden ce a s t o t he

‘ ’
.

pre valence o f wh a t m i ra bi le d i c tu D r B u ch anan s ga o ler w a s ignorant o f

, , .
’
.

N o w f or fa cts I n t he gao l o f R th e s u pe rinten d en t di s c o vere d a

“
. .

nu m b e r o f p h a ll i i n t he fem a les i n cl osu re ; th e y w ere m a de o f clay an d

’

su n dri ed a nd b ore m ar k s o f u s e
-
I n t h e gao l o f S w a s a w om an wh o . .

( a s i s u su a l w i th tri ba des i n I ndia ) w ore m al e a ttire and w as w e ll ,

kn ow n for her sex u al pro cl iv i ties An e xami nation revea led the foll o w .

i ng : F a c e m u ch l i ned m am m se o f m as c u l i ne type b u t n ipp l es e l o nga te d

, ,

a nd rea di l y e re ct i l e ; gl u tea l and i l ia c reg ions qu i te of mascu l ine type ,

a s a l s o t h e th igh s ; cl i t o ri s w i th e n l a rge d gl a nd s rea d i l y e re ct i l e ; n ym t

, ,

th i cke n ed a nd enl a rged ; vu lva r ori fice p a ten t f or she had i n ea rly yo u t h ,

b een a prost itu te ; the v oi ce w a s a l mos t c ontral to H e r p artner w as .

of lo w type b u t emi nently feminine i n c on figu ra tion and m anne r I n

, .

th is c aSe I h ear d tha t the m an w en t t o a l ocal asc et i c and begge d ‘ ’

h i s i n te r ces s i o n w i th th e de i ty so t h at she migh t impreg na te he r ,

pa r tner ( The H i ndoo m edi cal w ork s m ention the po ss ib i l i ty o f a

.
‘

w om an u n i ti ng w i th another w om an i n se xu al em braces and bege tting

a b o ne l e s s fe t u s S hor t H i s tory of Arya n Med i cal S c i enc e p
’
. .
,

I n t h e t o w n o f D th ere l i ve d a p a r t t w o w om en one a Brah m i n

“ ‘ ’
.
, ,
 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N I N WO MEN . 1 25

t he o th er a gra zie r ; th eir mo d us op erand i w as tri ba di sm as an ey e ,

w i tnes s in form e d m e I n S I w a s called i n t o t rea t t he w idow of a

. .

w ealth y M oh amm eda n ; I h ad o ccas io n to exa min e the p u denda and ,

fou n d wha t Ma rt i neau w o u l d hav e ca lle d th e inde lible s tigm ata of earl y
m as tu rba t ion a n d la te r sa pp h is m S he a dmi tte d the impe a ch m en t an d
.

c o n fe sse d th a t s he w a s o n t h e b es t o f t e rm s w i th h er th r ee r e m a r k a b l y

w e ll f orm ed a nd good l ook ing ha ndm a ide ns T hi s l a dy s a id th a t sh e

- -
.

began m as tu rba tion at a n ea rly ag e j u s t li k e al l othe r w om e n and tha t ,

‘
,
’

sa pp h i s m c a m e a ft e r t h e a g e o f p u b e r ty An oth e r Mo h ammed an w om an .

wh om I k ne w and w h o h ad a very large cl i to ris to l d m e th at S he h ad

, ,

bee n in i t ia te d i nt o L esb ia n l o ve a t 12 b y a ne ighb or and had i nter

m i t t e n t l y pr a ct i c e d i t e v e r s i nce I might a ls o ins tan ce tw o s i ster s o f
.

th e ga rd e ne r c a s te b o th w idow s wh o l i ve d a p a r t a n d i n d u l ge d i n
‘ ’
, ,

s im ulta ne o us sa pp h i s m .

“
Th a t s o me tim es the a ctor s i n triba dism are mos t v igo rou s i s s h o w n
by t he fact tha t i n th e c ent ra l ga ol of
,
s w e ll i ng o f t h e v u lv a w a s

a dmi tt e d t o h a v e b ee n c a u se d b y t h e e m b r a c es o f t w o fe m a l e c o n v i ct s .

Th e su b ordin a te wh o t o l d m e th i s m e n t io n e d i t qu i te i n c iden tall y W h i l e

rela ting h i s expe rie n ces a s h o spi ta l a ss i sta n t at th i s ga ol Wh en I .

qu est io ned h im he sta te d th a t t h e w oman wh om h e w a s called t o trea t , ,

tol d h im th a t sh e c ou l d never S ati s fy herse lf w i th m en b u t only w i th

‘ ’
,

w omen H e added tha t tri badi sm w as qu i te c ommon i n the ga ol

.
‘
.
’

The foregoing s k etch m ay s er v e t o Sh o w th at h omose x u al

pract i c es c ert ai n l y an d prob abl y d efin i t e s ex u al i n v ersion are
, ,

v e ry w id e spr ead amo n g w om en i n v ery m an y an d v ariou s p art s

-

o f the w orl d th o u gh i t is prob abl e that as amo n g m en the r e are

, , ,

— ,
—
v ari a t ions g e ogr ap h i c al r ac i al n at ion al or so c i al i n th e f re , ,

q u e n c y or i n t e n s i t y o f i t s o bv io u s m ani f e s t a t ions T h u s i n .
,

th e l as t c e n tu ry C as ano va r em ar k e d th at th e w om e n o f Pro
,

v en c e are S p ec i all y i n cl in e d t o L esb i an ism .

In p ri sons an d l u n at i c asyl u ms i n E u rop e h omos ex u al prae

t i c es flo u rish among th e w om en fu ll y as m u ch i t m ay pro b abl y ,

b e s aid as among th e m en
, Th ere is i n d ee d som e reason for
.
, ,

supposi n g th at the s e p h enom en a are h er e som et im es ev en mor e

d ec isi v el y m ark e d th an among m en 1
S u ch m an i fe s tat ions are .

‘
I h pris on n ot m an y y ears ag o wh en a n ew gove rnor
n a S p a ni s , ,

e nd ea v ore d t o re form t h e h omo se x u a l m a nn e r s o f t h e w ome n t h e l a t te r ,

mad e hi s po s t so u n c om forta ble th a t h e w a s c ompelled t o res ig n S al i ll a s .

,

V i d a P enal en E sp a ii d ass er ts th a t a l l th e e v id enc e s h ow s t h e ex t ra or

,

d i nary exp ans io n o f L e s b i an l o v e i n pri s ons Th e muj eres ho mbru na s .

12 6 S EX UAL I NVER S I O N .

o ft en v ery morb id an d doubtl ess O ft en v ery V i c io u s ; I h av e no

,

l ight t o th ro w u pon th em and I do no t propos e t o c onsid er th em

,
.

Wi th girl s as w i th b oys i t is in th e s ch oo l at th e ev o l u t ion

, , ,

o f pub ert y th at h omose x u al i ty fi rs t s h ow s i t s elf I t m ay o rig

,
.

in s t e e i th er in a w ay m ainl y p e rip h er al or m ai n l y c en t r al ,

th o u gh b o th th ese el em en t s mus t usu all y b e more or le ss c om

b i n ed . I n th e fi rs t c as e tw o ch i l dr en p er haps wh en cl ose t o
, ,

each o th er i n b e d mor e or l e ss unin t en t ion al l y ge n e r at e in each

,

o th er a c ert ain amo u n t o f s ex u al irri t at ion wh i ch th ey f ost er b y ,

m u t u al t o u ch ing and k issing T h is is a spurio u s k ind o f h omo .

s ex u al i t y ; i t is m erel y the o ft en pr ec o c io u s p l ay o f th e normal

inst i n ct an d h as no n ec ess ary re lat ion t o t ru e s exu al in v ersion
,
.

I n th e girl wh o is c o ng eni t all y pr edispo se d t o h omos exu al i t y i t

w i ll c ont i n u e an d d ev el op ; i n th e m ajori t y i t w i ll b e forgo tt en
as q u i ckl y as possi bl e n o t w i th o u t s h am e in th e pr es en c e o f th e
, ,

norm al o b j e ct o f s exual l o v e .

I m ay qu ote as fa irl y typi c al t he f oll ow i ng ob serva tion su ppl ied

b y a l ady w h o can no t b e called i nv e rt ed L i ke s o m any o th er ch i ldren :
“

a nd gir ls I w as fir s t ta u ght self indu lgence b y a gir l a t sc h oo l a nd I

,
-
,

p a ss ed on my kno wl ed ge to o ne or tw o o th ers w i th one o f wh om I ,

rem em be r once whe n w e w ere j u s t s ixt een S pendi ng t he n ig ht sensu ally

, , .

W e w e re h orri bl y a sh a m e d a fte r a n d tha t w a s t he onl y t im e Wh en I

‘

.
,

w as o n l y e ight th e re w a s a gir l o f th ir teen wh o l i k e d t o pl a y w i th my

b ody and ta u ght m e t o p lay w i th he rs th ou gh I ra ther di sl i ke d doi ng s o
, ,
.

W e s le pt t oge th er and th is w en t on a t i n te rv al s for s i x month s T hese

,
.

th i ngs f or t he sak e O f ge tting enj oym e nt and not w i th a ny p a ss ion are

, , ,

n o t u n c ommon w i th ch i l dr en b u t l e s s c ommon I th i n k th a n p e op l e s ome

, , ,

tim es im agine I be l i e ve I c ou l d re call w i th ou t m u ch diffic u lty t he

.

nu m b e r o f t im es s u ch th i ng s h a p pene d w i th m e I n t he ca se I m en .

t o d
i n e wh en I di d f or o n e n ig ht fe e l— o r t ry t o e x c i te i n my se lf a nd

- —
my girl c ompanion o f s ix tee n s ensu al p ass ion w e h ad as l i ttl e ch i ld re n ,

s l ep t t oge t h e r a f e w t ime s and done th es e th i ngs a n d m ee t i ng a fte r a n ,

a b s e nce j u s t a t th a t ag e r e c a ll ed o u r ch i l di s h m e mo ri e s a nd w e r e c a rri ed
, , ,

a w ay b y se x u a l imp u lse B u t I nev e r fe lt any pe c u l i a r a fl e c t i on or

‘

pass ion f or her ev en a t the tim e nor she f or m e W e only felt th a t ou r

, .

r c ive
e e c li
m as u ne na m —P e p e Ch u l o B rn rdo
ese a V a l i ente ; new c om e rs
, , ,
-

are s u rro u n d ed i n t h e c o u r t y a rd b y a c ro w d o f l a s c i v iou s w om e n wh o

-
,

o ve rwh el m t h em w i th h oneyed c omp l ime nts an d gal lan tri es and promi se s
o f prote ction t he m os t rob u st v i ra go h av i ng most su ccesse s ; a s ingle d ay
,

a nd n ig h t c omp l et e t h e i ni t i a t io n .
 S EXUAL I NVE R S I O N I N WO MEN . 1 27

sensu a l t r trong at the t im e and had betray e d u s into so me

na u e w a s s ,

th ing w e w ere as ham e d o f and the refore w e av oided le tti ng ou rselv es

, , ,

s l ee p t oo cl o se a ft e r t h a t d ay I th i nk w e di s l i ked ea ch othe r and w ere

.
,

rev olted wh en ever w e th ou ght o f th a t n ight feel i ng th a t each had ,

deg rad ed th e oth er and h erse lf .

Th is kind o f h omosexu al i ty is sp ec i all y fost ered b y th os e em

l
p y o m en ts wh i ch k e e p w om e n in c ons t an t asso c i at ion no t o n l y ,

b y d ay b u t o ft en at night al so w i t h o u t th e c omp any o f m en

, , .

Th is is f or i n st an c e th e c as e w i th th e fem al e s ervan t s in l arge

, ,

h o t el s among wh om h omos ex u al pract i c es h av e b e en f ound v ery

,

c ommon 1
L ay c o ck m any y ears ago n o t ed th e preval en c e o f
.
, ,

mani fe st at ions o f th is k ind wh i ch h e r eg ard ed as h ys t eri c al , ,

among s eams t r ess es l ac e m ak e r s etc ,

c on fi n ed f or l ong h o u rs in
-

,
.
,

cl os e c ont act t o on e ano th er i n h eat e d rooms T h e c irc ums tan c es .

und er wh i ch numb ers o f youn g w om e n are emp l oy ed during the

d ay i n l arg e Sh op s an d fact ori es an d sl eep in th e es t abl ish m en t , ,

tw o in a room or ev en tw o i n a b ed are fav o rabl e t o th e d eve l op ,

m ent of h omo sexu al pract i c es .

I n E ngl a n d itl dom th a t a nyo ne ca res t o inves tigate these p he

is se

n o m ena th o u g h th ey ce rta i nl y e xi s t
, T h ey ha v e been m ore th orou ghl y
.

s tu di e d e l s e wh e re T h u s i n R om e N i c e f o ro wh o s tu died va rio u s a sp ects o f

.
, ,

t h e l i v e s o f th e w ork i ng cl a s s es su cc eed ed i n o bta i n i ng m u ch prec i s e i n

,

f orm a tio n c o n cerni ng t h e m a nner s a nd cu s t om s o f th e you ng girl s i n dre ss

m ak ing a nd ta i lori ng w ork r o om s H e rem a rk s th a t f ew o f th os e wh o
-
.

see th e v irtu ou s dau ghte r s o f th e p e opl e O ften no t more th an tw elv e

“
,
”

yea rs ol d w a lk i ng al ong the streets w i th the dres s m ak er s b ox u n de r

,
-
’

their arm modes tly ben t h ead a nd virg i nal ai r rea l ize the i ntense sexu al
, ,

p re
-
o cc u p a t io n s o fte n u n d e r l yi ng these app earan ce s I n t he w ork room s .
-

t he c o nv ersa t io n pe rp etu a ll y r ev o lv e s a rou nd s ex u a l su bj ec t s i n t h e

ab se n ce o f th e mi s t re ss or f or e w om a n an d e ve n i n he r pr ese n c e th e sl a n g ,

th a t pre vail s i n t h e w ork room s lead s t o dial ogu es w i th a dou bl e m eani ng

-
.

A state o f s exu al e x c i te me n t i s thu s a rou sed wh i ch s om etim es rel i eve s

i tself m enta ll y by p sy ch i c onani sm s om etim es by s o me f orm o f m as tu rba ,

I ote the f oll o w i ng from a pri v ate l ette r w ri tten i n S w i tze rl and
q u
An E ng l i sh res id en t h a s t ol d m e th a t hi s w i fe h a s l a t el y h a d t o s en d
a w a y h e r p a rl or m a id ( a pr e tt y gi rl ) be c a u se sh e w a s alw a y s ta k i n g i n
-

s tr a n g e w om e n t o s l e e p w i t h h e r I ask ed i f she h ad b e en ta ken from

.

h o t el se rv i c e an d fo u nd a s I exp ec t e d th a t sh e h a d
, , B u t n e i th e r m v , .

fri en d nor h i s w i fe su spected the real cau se o f th ese noc tu rna l v i s i ts .

”
12 8 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

tion one g irl a dmi tted t o N i c ef o ro tha t b y all ow i ng he r t h ou ghts t o

d w e ll on t he su bj e ct wh ile a t w ork sh e s om e time s prod u ce d p h y s i c a l
s e x u a l e x c i t e m ent a s o fte n as f o u r t im es a d a y ( S ee a l s o H E ll i s . .
,

S tu d i es i n the P sy c ho logy of S ew v o lu m e ii Au t o S ome

“
, ,

t im e s h ow e ve r a v agu e k ind of h omosexu a l i ty i s produ ced t he girls

, , , ,

e x c i te d b y th e ir o w n th o u ghts a nd th e ir c o n v e rsa t io n b e i ng s t i ll fu r t h e r ,

e x c i te d b c o t ct w i th e a ch oth e r n s u mm e r i n o ne w or k roo m s om e
“
y n a I .
,
-
,

o f t h e girls w ea r no draw ers and th ey u nb u tt on th e ir b odi ces and w ork , ,

w i th c ro ss e d le gs mor e or l e s s u n c ov e re d
,
I n th i s po s i t ion t h e gir l s .

dra w nea r and insp ec t o ne a no th er ; som e b o ast of the ir wh i te l egs and ,

the n th e p e tti c oat s a re ra i sed a lt oge the r f or more ca re fu l c omp arison .

Many enj oy th i s i ns pe ction o f nu di ty an d e xpe ri enc e rea l s e x u a l pl eas u re ,

.

F rom midday t i ll 2 P M d u ri ng t h e h o u r s o f grea tes t h ea t wh e n all are

. .
, ,

i n t h i s c o ndi tion a nd t h e mi st res s i n h er ch e mi se ( a n d s om e tim es w i th

, , ,

n o s h a m e a t t h e w or k e r s pre s e n ce e v e n w i th o u t i t ) fa ll s a sl ee p on t h e
’
, ,

s o fa,
a l l t h e girl s w i thou t one ex c ep ti o n m as t u rb a te th em selv es
, T he ,
.

hea t se em s t o sh arpe n th eir de s ires an d morb id ly arou se al l th e ir s enses .

Th e v o l u p t u o u s e mo tion s res tra i ne d d u rin g t he re s t o f t h e d ay b r eak

, ,

o u t w i th irre s i s t i ble fo r c e ; s t im u l a te d b y t he s pe cta cle o f ea ch o th er s

’

n a k e d n ess ,
s om e p l a c e th e ir l eg s t og e th e r an d th u s h e ig hte n t h e s pa s m

b y t he i ll u s io n o f c on ta ct w i th a m a n I n th i s w a y th e y rea ch m u t u al .

m a stu rb ation . It i s no tew orthy h ow ev er N i c ef o ro p o i n ts o u t th a t

“
, , ,
“

the se c o u p l e s for m u tu al m astu rba ti o n a re neve r L e sb i an cou p les Tri .

ba d i sm i s a lt ogether ab sent fro m th e fa ct ori es an d w or k roo m s H e even ”

-
.

be l i ev es th a t i t does n o t exi s t among girl s o f the w ork i ng class H e .

fu rthe r des c ribe s h o w i n an o th e r w ork room du ring th e h o t h ou rs o f

,
-

t h e d a y i n s u mm e r wh e n n o w ork i s don e s om e o f th e girl s r e t ire i n to

, ,

t h e fitt i ng room a nd h a v i n g fas te n e d th e ir ch e mi ses ro u n d th eir le gs a n d

-

, ,

th igh s w i th pins so as to imi ta te tro u sers p la y a t b e i ng m en an d p re

, ,

tend to h a ve i nter c ou rse w i th t he o th er s ( N i c e f o ro I l G ergo c a p v i .

, , .
,

1 89 7 T u ri n )
, . I h ave reprod u c ed th ese deta i l s from N i c e f o ro s carefu l ’

s tu dy b e c au s e a lth o u gh the y m a y s e e m t o b e t ri vi a l a t s om e poi n t s th e y

, ,

clea rly b ri ng o u t t h e ve ry importan t di s t in ct io n be tw ee n a m e rel y

S p u rio u s h omo s e x u a l i t y a nd tr u e i n ve r s i o n T h e a m u s e m e n t s o f th e s e .

you ng girls m ay no t b e con s idered e minen tly i nn ocen t or wh ol es o m e bu t ,

o n th e o th e r h a n d the y are no t radi ca ll y morb id or v i c iou s The y are

, .

s t ri ctl y an d ev e n c o ns c io u sl y p lay ;
, t h ey are d o mi na te d b y t h e th o u ght
,

tha t the tru e sexu al ideal i s n orm al re l a tionsh ip w i th a m an and th ey ,

w o u ld cer ta i nly di sap pear i n t he presen ce o f a m a n .

It m u st b e rem em b ered th a t N i c e f o ro s O bservations w e re m ade ’

a mong gir l s wh o w e r e mos tl y yo u ng I n t h e l a rge fa c t orie s wh er e m a ny

.
,

a d u lt w o m en a re e m p l oy e d t h e p h en om e n a te n d t o b e o f m u c h l ess tri v i a l
,

a n d p l a y fu l ch a ra ct e r At W olve rh a mp t on s ome y ea rs ag o the ca s e w a s

.
, ,

re porte d o f a w om an i n a ga lv ani zi ng s tore wh o afte r di nne r ind ece n tl y

,
“
,
”
 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N I N W O MEN . 129

a ssa u lted
girl wh o w a s a new h a nd T w o you ng w om e n h el d the vi ct i m
a .

do w n a nd th i s seem s t o S h o w th a t h omo se xu a l v i ce w a s h ere c ommo n

,

a nd re c ogn iz e d N o do u bt th i s c a se i s e x cep t io na l i n i t s bru ta l i t y It l

. .
,

th ro w s h o w eve r a S ign ifica nt l ight o n t he c o ndit io n s preva i l i ng i n f a c

, ,

t ori e s I n S p a i n i n th e l a rge fa ctorie s where m any a du lt w om en a re e m

.
,

ploy e d e sp ec i a lly i n th e grea t t ob a cco fa cto ry a t S e v i lle L esb ia n relati on

,
-
,

s h ip s s ee m t o b e no t u n c ommon H ere the w om en w or k i n an a tmos p h ere

.

w h i ch i n s u mm e r i s so h ot th a t th e y th ro w o fi t h e gr ea te r p a r t O f t h e ir
'

cl oth i ng to su ch an e x te n t th at a b ell i s ru ng wh eneve r a v is i t o r i s

,

int rod u ce d in to a w ork room i n o rd er t o w a rn the w orkers S u ch an

-

,
.

e n v iro n m e n t predi s po se s t o t he f orm a t io n o f h omo sex u a l r el a tio n s h i ps .

Wh en I w a s i n S p a i n a f e w y ears ag o an i nc id ent oc cu rred at t he S e v i lle

F ab ri c a d e T a b a c o s wh i ch a tt ra ct e d m u ch a tte n t io n i n t h e ne w s p a p e r s ,

a n d th o u g h i t w a s re ga rd e d as u n u su a l i t th row s l ig ht o n t h e li fe o f t h e
, ,

w ork e rs O ne morni ng a s t h e w om en w ere en t e ri n g t h e w or k room a nd

.
-

a mid th e u s u a l s c e ne o f a n im a t io n ch a ngi ng th e ir Ma n i l a s h a wl s f or t h e

l ight c o stu m e w orn d u ri ng w ork o n e dre w o u t a sm all cla sp k n i fe and ,

-
,

a tt a ck i ng a n o th er ra p i d l y i n fli ct e d s i x or s e v e n w o u n d s o n h er fa c e a nd
'

n e ck th re a te n i ng t o k i ll a n yo ne wh o a ppro a ch e d
, Bo th th e se c i ga rrer as .

w e r e s u pe rior w o rk er s eng age d i n t h e mos t s k i lle d k in d o f w or k a n d

, ,

h a d be e n at t h e fac t ory for m a n y y ea rs I n a pp ea r an c e th e y w e re .

de sc rib ed as presen ti ng a st ri k i ng contra s t : Th e aggressor who w a s 4 8 ,

y ea rs o f age w as of m a s cu l i ne a i r tall and th in w i th an express ion of

, , ,

firm determi na t ion o n h er w rinkle d fa ce ; the v i ctim on th e oth er hand , ,

wh o s e age w a s 30 w a s p lu mp a nd good l ook i ng a nd o f p lea s in g di s

,

posi tion The reas on a t firs t a ssig ned for the a tta ck by t he you nger
.

w om a n w a s th a t her mo th e r h a d i ns u lte d t h e e l d e r w om a n s son It ’

.

a ppe a re d h o w eve r th a t a cl ose fri ends h ip h ad exi st ed b e tween the tw o

, ,

w ome n th a t la tterl y t he you nger w om an h ad form ed a fri end sh i p w i t h

,

t he for e w om an o f h e r w ork room and tha t t h e e l d e r w om an an im at e d -

, ,

b y j eal ou sy th en resolved t o m u rde r b o th ; th is design w as fru s trate d i n

, ,

p art by t h e you nger w om an re fu s ing to go as id e w i th h er an d i n p a r t

b y t he a cc iden ta l abse nce of the fore w o m an tha t d ay .

T h ere i s reas on to bel i eve th a t h omose xu a l rel a tion sh ips are not u n
c om m on among S p an i s h w om en T hu s th e ch a racte ri s ti c dances of S p a i n .

are p e r form e d b y yo u ng w om en wh o ne v e r se ll th e ir pe r s ons b u t wh o a re

,

sa id fr eq u entl y to f orm h omo s e x u a l r e l a tio nsh ip s a mo ng th e m s e lv e s .

It w ou ld c ertai nly not be eas y t o par all el i t o u ts ide E ngl and It

1
.

i s su ch ca se s a s th es e w h i ch h av e l ed t o th e V i e w th a t bru ta l i t y i s a
S p e c i a l E ngl i s h ch a ra cte ri s ti c T h is Vi ew i s m ai nta ined for i nstan ce w i th
.
, ,

m u ch w ealth of i llu stra ti ve ex a mp le s b y D r Eu gen D uh re n i n a h i s tory , .

of sex u al l i fe i n E ngl a nd on the wh o le by no m ean s u ns ym pa th e t i c D as

, ,

G es ch l ec h ts leben i n E ng la nd 190 1 B 1 pp 8 et s eq I m ay refer al s o

, , .
, . .

t o th e c ondu ct o f you th s i n L o ndo n w a reh ou s es a s al ready illu st ra ted ,

(p .
 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

I n th eat er s th e ab norm al s exu al it y s t imu l at ed b y th is as so

c i ati o n in w or k is c omp l i c at e d b y th e g en e r al t ende n c y f or h omo

s exu al i t y t o b e c o nn ect e d w i th dr am at i c ap t i t u d e a poi n t t o ,

wh i ch I S h all h av e t o r efer l at er on I am ind ebt ed t o a f ri end .

“
f or the f o ll o w ing n ot e : Pas sion at e fri endsh ips among gir l s from ,

the mos t in n o c en t t o th e mos t el ab or at e ex c ursions in th e d i rec

t ion of L esb o s are ex t r em el y c ommon in th eat ers b o th among
, ,

act r ess e s an d ev en mor e am o ng ch o ru s an d b all e t gir l s

, ,
H er e .

th e p ell m ell o f th e dr essing room s the w ai t o f p erh aps t w o

- -

h o u rs b etw een th e p er form an c es du ring wh i ch all th e girl s are ,

c oop ed up in a st at e o f in act ion an d o f ex c i t em en t in a f ew

, ,

c ro w d ed dre ssing ro oms aff ord ev ery O ppor t uni t y for the gro wth
-

o f th is p ar t i c u lar k ind o f s en t im en t I n mo st o f th e th eat ers .

th er e is a l i ttl e c ir cl e o f girl s som ewh at av oid ed b y th e o th ers

, ,

or th ems el v es c arel e ss o f fu rth er ac qu ai n t an ce sh ip wh o pro f ess ,

th e mos t u nb o u n d ed d ev o t ion to o n e an o th er M os t o f th es e .

girl s are eq u all y r eady t o fli rt w i th th e opposi t e sex b u t I kn o w ,

c e r t ain o n e s amo n g th em wh o w i ll s c ar c el y sp e ak t o a m an an d ,

w h o are ncv er s een W i th o u t th eir p ar t i c u l ar pal or ch u m wh o

‘ ’ ‘ ’
, ,

i f S h e g et s mo v e d t o an o th er th eat er w i ll c om e arou n d an d w ai t ,

for h er fri end at th e st age door B u t h er e agai n i t is b u t se l

-
.
, ,

dom th at th e exp e ri en c e is c arri ed v ery f ar Th e fact is th at th e .

E ng l i sh gir l es p ec i all y o f th e l o w er an d midd l e cl asse s wh eth er

, ,

sh e h as l os t h er V ir t u e or n o t is ex tr em el y f e tt er e d b y c on v en
,

t i o n al no t io n s I gnoran c e an d h ab i t are tw o rest raini n g i nfl u

.

e n c es f rom the c arryi n g o u t o f th is p ar t i c u l ar k i n d o f p er v er si on

t o i t s l ogi c al c on cl u sions I t is th er ef or e among th e upp er

.
, ,

ran k s al i k e o f so c i et y an d o f pro st i t u tion th at L esb i an ism is

, ,

most d efin i t el y to b e m et w i th for h er e w e h av e m u ch gr eat er

,
”
l i be rty o f act io n an d mu ch gr eat er f reedom fr o m prej u di c es
,
.

T h e c as es in wh i ch th e so u r c e is m ai n l y c en t r al rath er th an ,

p erip h er al n ev erth el ess m erg e in t o th e for egoi n g w i th no cl ear

, ,

l i n e o f d em ark at ion I n su ch c as es a s ch oo l girl or yo u ng w om an

.
-

f orm s an arde n t att ach m en t for ano th er girl prob abl y som ewh at ,

o l d e r th an h er self o ft en a s ch oo lfell o w som etim es h er s ch oo l

, ,

mist ress upon wh om sh e w i ll l av ish an as t o n ish i n g amo u n t o f

,

aff ec tio n and d ev o t i on Th is aff ect ion m ay or m ay no t b e re

.
 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N I N WO MEN . 131

t urn e d ; usu ally th e r et urn c onsi st s O f a g rac io u s acc ep t an c e o f

the aff ect ion at e s er v i c e s T h e gi rl wh o exp en ds th is w ealth o f
.

d ev o t io n is s u r ch arg ed w i th emo t io n b ut S h e is O ft en a n c on ,

s c ious O f o r i gn oran t O f th e s exual impu l s e an d S h e s eek s for no ,

form o f s exu al sat i sfact ion Ki ssi ng and th e pri v i l eg e o f S l eep

.

ing With th e fri end are h o we v e r so u ght an d at su ch t im es i t

, , ,

O ft en h app ens th at ev en th e c omp ar at i v el y unr e sponsi v e f ri end

feel s mor e or l ess d efi ni t e s exu al emo t io n ( pude nd al t u rge s c en c e ,

w ith s ec ret ion o f mu c u s an d i n v o l u n t ary tw itch ing o f th e n eigh

b oring mus cl es ) th o u gh l i ttl e o r no att en t ion m ay b e p aid t o th is
,

p h en om en o n an d i n th e c ommon ignoran c e o f girl s c on ce rning

,

s ex m att er s i t m ay n o t b e u nd ers t ood

-
I n som e c ases th er e is an
.

att e mp t ei th e r ins t in ct i v e or in t en t ion al t o d ev el op th e se x u al

, ,

f eel i n g b y cl os e emb rac es an d k is sing Th i s ru dim en t ary k ind .

O f h omos exu al r e l at io n sh ip i s I b el i ev e mor e c ommon am ong

, ,

g i r l s th an am ong b oys an d for th is the re are s ev eral r easons :

,

( )
1 a b oy mor e o ft en h as som e ac q u a in t an c e w i th s ex u al p h e

h om en a an d w ou l d f r e q u e n tl y r eg ard s u ch a r e l at ions h ip as u n
,

m an l y ; ( 2 ) the girl h as a s t rong er n ee d o f aff ect ion an d s elf

d ev o t ion t o an o th er p erson th an a b oy h as ; ( 3 ) she h as no t u n ,

d er our exis t i n g so c ial c o n dit ions wh i ch c omp el young w om en t o

h o l d th e O ppo si t e sex at arm s l en g th th e sam e O pport u n it i es o f
’
,

fi n ding an o u tl et f o r h er s exu al emo t ions ; wh i l e ( 4 ) c on v en t ion al

proprie ty r ec o g n iz es a c o n s id erabl e d egr ee O f p h ysi c al i n t im ac y
b etw een girl s th u s at on c e en c o u raging an d cl o ak ing the m an i
,

f estati on s o f h omos exu al i t y .

T h e ard en t att ach m en t s wh i ch gi rl s in Sch o o l s an d c o ll eg es

form to each o th er an d t o th eir t each ers c o n s t i t u t e a s u b j ect
wh i ch i s o f c o n sid e rabl e psy ch ol ogi c al i n t e re s t an d o f no l i ttl e
p ract i c al i m port an c e T h ese girl i sh d ev o t io n s on th e b ord er
.
,

l an d b et w een fri en d sh ip an d s ex u al p assion are fou n d i n all ,

c o u nt ri es wh er e gir l s are s egr egat e d f or ed u c at io n al p u rpose s an d ,

th eir symp t oms are on the wh o l e singu l arl y u ni form th o u gh

, , ,

th ey v ary i n i nt en si t y an d ch aract er t o som e ex t ent from t im e t o ,

t im e an d from p l ace t o p l ac e som et im es assu mi n g an epid emi c

,

f o rm Th ey h av e b een mos t c ar efu ll y s t udi ed i n It al y wh ere

.
,

—
O b i c i and Mar ch esini an al i enis t and a psych o l ogis t w ork ing i n
1 32 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

—
c onj n ct ion h av e an al yz ed th e p h enom en a w i th rem arkabl e i n
u

sight an d d el i c ac y an d m u ch w ealth o f i ll us t rat i v e mat erial 1

.

B u t ex actl y th e s am e p h enom en a are ev ery wh e re fo u nd in E n g

’
l ish girl s s ch oo l s ev en o f the mos t mod ern ty pe an d in som e o f
, ,

th e l arg e A m eri c an w o m en s c o ll eg es th ey h av e som et im es be

’

c om e so ac u t e as t o c aus e mu ch anx i ety 2

.

T h ese p assion at e fri endsh ips o f a more or l ess u n c o n ,

s c i o u sl y s e x u al ch ar act e r are al so c ommon ,

ev e n ou t sid e an d ,

b eyond s ch oo l l i fe I t fr equen tly h app ens th at a p eriod during

-
.

wh i ch a yo u ng w om an fall s in l o v e at a dis tan c e w i th som e y ou ng

m an o f h er ac q u ain t an c e alt ern at es w i th pe riods o f in t im at e at
tac hm en t t o a f ri e n d o f h er o w n sex No c ong eni t al in v ersio n.

is u su all y i n v o lv ed It g en erall y h app ens in the en d ei th er th at

.
, ,

rel at ionsh ip wi th a m an b rings th e normal impu l se in t o p er

m an en t p l ay o r th e st eadying o f the em ot ions in the stress o f
pract i c al l i f e l eads t o a k no wl e dg e o f the r eal n at ure o f su ch
f ee l ings an d a c o n sequ en t di sta s t e f or th em I n some c ases, o n .

th e o th er h and s u ch r el at ions h ip s e sp ec i ally wh en form ed aft er

, ,

s ch oo l l i fe are fai rl y p erm an en t

-

, A n en erget i c emo tion al.

w o m an no t u s u ally be au t i f u l w i ll p er h aps b e d ev ot e d t o an
, ,

o th er wh o m ay h av e fo u nd som e rath er sp ec i al iz ed l i fe w ork b u t -

w h o m ay b e v e ry u n pr act i c al an d wh o h as pro b ably a v ery fe ebl e

,

s ex u al i n s t in ct ; sh e is grat efu l for h er fri end s d ev o t ion b u t m ay ’

,

n o t act i v el y re c ipro c at e i t T h e act u al sp ec i fic s ex u al p h enom ena

.

g e n erat ed in s u ch c as es v ary v ery greatl y T h e emo t ion m ay b e .

l at en t O r u n c ons c io u s ; i t m ay b e all on on e S id e ; i t is o ft en more

-

or l ess r e c ogniz ed an d sh ar ed Su ch c ase s are on th e b ord er.

l an d O f t ru e sex u al in v e rsio n b u t th ey c an no t b e in cl ud ed w ith in

,

i t s r egio n S ex in th es e r el at i on sh ips is s c ar c el y th e ess en t i al

.

an d f u n d am en tal e l e m en t ; i t is more or l e ss s u b ordin at e an d

p ar asi t i c Th er e is O ft en a sembl an c e o f a sex r el at ionsh ip from
.
-

th e m ark e d di v erg en c e o f th e fri end s i n p h ysi c al an d psy ch i c

qu al i t i es an d th e n er v o u s d ev el o pme n t o f on e or b o th th e fri ends
,

O i b c i a nd Ma rche s i n i L e Ami ci z i e d i C ol legi o R om e 1 898

,
”
, , .

2
S ee Appe n dix D i n wh i ch I h av e b ri efly su mmarized t he res u lt o f
,

t h e i n v e s t iga tio n b y O b i c i a n d Ma r ch i n i a nd al s o b ro u gh t for w a rd O h

es ,

serv a ti o ns c o nc e r ni ng E ngl i s h c o ll ege s .

 S EX UAL I NVER S I O N I N WO M E N . 1 33

is o ft en S l ightl y ab norm al We h av e to r egard s u ch r el at io n sh ips

.

as h yp e rt r op h i e d f ri e n d sh ips th e h yp e rt rop h y b e ing d u e t o u n

,

emp l oy ed s ex u al ins t in ct .

For m any o f the r em ark s wh i ch I h av e t o make regarding

t ru e in v ersion in w om en I am no t abl e t o b ring for ward th e
j u st i fic ato ry indi v id u a l ins t an c e s I po ss es s a c o n sid
. erabl e

amo u n t O f in f orm at ion b u t o w ing t o th e t end en c i es al ready

, ,

m en t ioned th is in f orm at io n is f o r th e mos t p ar t mor e or l e ss

, , ,

fragme n t ary an d wh en i t is more c omp l et e I am no t alw ays free

, ,

t o u se i t .

A cl ass o f w om en t o b e fi rst m en t ion ed a cl ass in wh i ch ,

h omosexual it y wh i l e fairly dist in ct is on ly S l ightly m ark ed is

, , ,

form ed b y th e w om en t o wh om th e act i v el y in v er t e d w om an i s
most att ract ed T h ese w om en di ffe r in th e first p l ac e f rom th e
.
, ,

norm al or av erag e w om an in th at th ey are n ot r ep ell ed or dis

, ,

gu st ed b y l o v er l i k e ad v an c es f rom p erson s O f th eir o w n sex

-
.

Th ey are no t u sual ly att r act i v e t o th e av er ag e m an th o u gh t o ,

th is ru l e th er e are m any ex c ep t ion s Th ei r fac es m ay b e p l ain .

or i ll m ad e b u t no t s el dom th ey pos sess good fi gu r es : a poi n t

,

wh i ch is apt t o c arry mor e w eig ht wi th the i n v erte d w oman th an

b eau t y o f fac e Th eir s exu al impu l s e s are s el dom w ell m ark e d
.
,

b u t th ey are o f S t ro n g l y aff e ct ion at e n at u r e On th e wh o l e th ey .

,

are w om en wh o are no t v ery ro b u s t an d w ell d e v el op e d p h ysi c ,

all y o r n er v o u sl y an d wh o are no t w ell ad ap t e d f or ch i l d b earing

,
-

b u t w h o s t i ll po sse ss m any ex c ell en t qu al i t i es an d th ey are al ,

w ays w om an l y O ne m ay p erh aps say th at th ey are the pi ck

.
, ,

o f the w om en wh om th e av erag e m an w o u l d p as s by N o do u bt .
,

th is is O ft en th e r eason wh y th ey are op en t o h omos ex u al ad

v an c es b u t I do n ot th in k i t i s the so l e r eason So f ar as th ey
,
.

m ay b e s ai d t o c ons t i t u t e a cl as s th ey s eem t o posses s a genuin e

, ,

th o u gh no t pr e c is el y s exu al pr e f e r en c e f or w om e n o v e r m en
, ,

an d i t i s th is c o l d n e ss r ath e r th an l ack o f ch arm wh i ch o ft en

, ,

r end e rs m en rath er i n di ff er en t t o th em .

T he act i v el y i n v e r t e d w om an di ff e rs f ro m th e w o m an o f th e
cl as s j u s t m en t io n e d i n on e fai rl y e ss en t i al ch ar act er : a mor e
or le ss dist in ct t rac e o f m asc u l i n i t y S he m ay n o t b e an d f re .
,
“
qu en tl y is no t wh at w o u l d be c all ed a m annish w om an for
,
”
,
1 34 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

th e l att er m ay imi t at e m en on gr o unds o f t as t e an d h ab i t u n c on

n ec te d w i th s ex u al p er v ersion wh i l e in th e in v er t ed w om an th e ,

m as c u l ine t rai t s are p ar t o f an organ i c i n st in ct wh i ch sh e b y no

m ean s always w is h es t o acc en t uat e T he i n v ert ed w om an s m as .
’

c u l in e el em en t m ay in th e l eas t d egree c onsis t o n ly i n the fact

, ,

th at she m ake s ad v an c es to th e w om an t o wh om sh e is att ract e d

an d t r eat s all m en i n a c oo l dir ec t m an n er wh i ch m ay n o t ex , ,

c l u d e c omrad es h ip b u t wh i ch e x cl ud es ev ery s ex u al r el at ions h ip

, ,

wh eth e r o f p assion or m erel y o f c oqu et ry U s u ally th e inv ert ed .

wom an f ee l s ab so l u t e i n di ff er en c e t o w ard m en an d no t s el dom ,

r ep u l sion An d th i s feel ing as a r u l e is i n st in ct i v el y rec i pro

.
, ,

c ate d b y m en .

—
CA S E XXX IX Mi ss . ge d 38 l i v ing i n a c i ty o f the U n i te d
S .
,
a ,

S ta te s o f Am e ri c a a b u s i ne ss w om a n o f fine in t e ll igenc e promin en t i n

, ,

pro fess ional and l i te ra ry c ircles H e r ge nera l h ea lth i s good b u t sh e .

,

b el ongs t o a fami l y i n wh i ch th ere i s a m af k e d ne u ro p a th i c el em en t .

S he i s o f ra th e r p hlegm a t i c te mp e r a m e n t w e ll po i sed a lw a y s pe r fectl y , ,

cal m and self po ss e ssed ra th e r ret iri ng i n di spos i tion w i th gentle dig
-

, , ,

n ifie d b ea ring .

S he sa y s s he c ann ot c a r e for m en b u t th a t all he r l i fe h as b een ,

“
gl orifie d a nd m a de bea u t i fu l b y fri en ds h ip w i th w om en wh om she ”
,

l oves as a m an l oves w omen H er ch ara cte r i s h ow eve r w ell dis c i pl ined

.
, , ,

a n d he r fri e nds a re no t aw a r e o f t h e nat u re o f h e r a fl e c t i o n s S h e tries

‘

n o t t o gi ve a l l her l o v e t o o ne pe r s o n a n d e nd ea v or s ( a s S he h e r se lf ,

expr e ss e s i t ) t o u se th i s gi ft o f l o v i ng as a s teppi ng s tone t o h igh

“ ”
-

me ntal and S piri t u a l a tta i nme nts S he i s desc ribe d b y o ne wh o ha s .

know n her for seve ra l y ears as h av ing a h igh n atu re and i ns tinc ts “
,

u n e rri ngl y t o w a rd h ig h th i ngs

”
.

CA S E X L — Mi ss M aged 29 th e da u ghte r o f Eng l i sh p aren ts ( b ot h

. .
, ,

m u s i c i ans ) wh o w ere b oth of wh a t i s d esc rib e d a s in te n se te mpera

,
“ ”

m ents and th ere i s a ne u roti c el em en t i n the fa m i l y ; she i s h erse lf

, ,

h o wev er free from n ervou s di sease At b irth she w as ve ry sma ll I n

,
. .

a port ra i t ta k en a t t h e ag e of 4 t h e n ose mou th a n d ears are ab , ,

n orm a ll y l a rg e a nd sh e w ea r s a l i ttl e b oy s h a t As a ch i l d sh e did

’
.
,

n ot care f or dol l s or for pre tty cl oth es and o ft en w on dered wh y ,

oth e r ch i l dren fou n d so m u ch p lea su re i n th em A s f ar b a ck as my .

“

memory goe s s h e w ri t es I cann o t re call a t im e wh en I w a s not

” “
, ,

di fl eren t from o th e r ch i l dre n I felt b o re d when o th er l i ttl e girls

'

cam e to pla y w i th m e th ou gh I w as neve r r ou gh or b oi st erou s i n

,

my sports .
”
S e w i ng w as di sta s te f u l t o her S ti ll sh e ca red l i ttle .
 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N I N W O MEN . 1 35

more for the pas times o f b oys a nd fou n d her fav ori te a mu sement i n ,

re a di ng es pec i a lly a dvent u res a nd fa iry ta l es S he w as a l w ays qu i et

,
-
.
,

timid and se lf co ns c i o u s The ins ti nct firs t m ade i ts a ppea ran ce i n the
,
-
.

la tter p ar t of her eighth or th e firs t pa r t o f h er ninth y ea r S he w a s .

s tro ngl y a tt r a ct e d b y t h e fa c e o f a t e a ch e r w h o u se d t o a ppea r a t a sid e

w in do w o n the sec on d floor o f t he s ch oo l b ui l di ng and ring a b ell t o -

su mmon t h e ch i l dre n to th e ir cl a ss e s T he tea ch er s fa c e s eem e d v e ry

’
.

b eau t i fu l b u t sa d and she th o u gh t a bo u t h er c ont inu all y A y ear la te r

, ,
.

th is tea che r w as m arried a nd left t he s cho o l a nd th e impression gra du all y ,

faded aw ay Th e nex t fe el i ngs w e re exp erienc ed when sh e w as ab ou t

.

e l e v e n y ea rs o f ag e A you ng la dy cam e to v i s it a nex t doo r neigh bo r

.
-
,

a n d m a de s o prof o u n d an impr ess i o n o n t h e ch i l d th a t s h e w a s ridi c u l ed

by h er p laym ate s for pre fe rring to s i t i n a da rk c orn er o n t he la wn wh ere —

s h e mig ht w a t ch t h i s y ou ng l a dy — ra th e r th a n t o p l a y ga m e s B e i ng a .

s e n s i t i v e ch i l d a fte r th i s e xp e ri e n c e s h e w a s c a r e fu l n o t t o re v e a l h er
,

feel ings t o an yone S h e felt insti n ctiv ely t ha t i n th i s S he w as d i fl erent

.
'

from o th ers H er sense o f bea u ty devel ope d ea rl y b u t th ere w as alw ays ,

a n i n d e fin a b l e fee l i ng o f m el a n ch o l y a s s oc i a t e d w i th i t The tw i l ight a .

,

da rk night wh en t he sta rs s h one b rightl y th es e h ad a v ery d e press i ng ,

e fl e c t u p o n h er b u t po ss ess e d a s tro ng a tt ra ct ion n e v erth e l es s a nd p i ct

'

, ,

u re s app e a l e d t o h e r A t the ag e o f 12 sh e fell i n l o ve w i th a s ch ool mate

.
,

an d w e p t b i tt er ly b e c a u se th e y c o u l d n o t b e c onfir m e d a t th e sa m e t im e .

The fac e of th i s fri end re mi nded h er o f o ne o f D o lc e s Ma do nnas w h i ch s h e

’

l o ved L a te r on S he l ov ed a noth er friend v ery dea rl y and dev o ted h erself

.
,

to her ca re ; an d u pon th e dea th o f th i s fri en d eight year s a fte rw ard sh e , ,

re s o lved nev e r to l et her h ea rt go o u t to a n yone aga i n S p ec i fic p h y s i ca l .

gra ti fic a tion p lays n o p art i n th ese rela tionsh ips I h av e b een ab le sh e .

“ ”
,

w ri tes su ccess fu lly to m aste r the des ire for a more p er fect and com plete
,
“

e xpress io n o f my feel in g s a n d I h a v e don e s o w i th o u t se rio u s d e trim e n t t o

,

my hea lth I l ove f ew pe op le s he w ri te s aga i n b u t i n these i nstan ces

.
” “
, ,
“

wh en I have pe rmi tt ed my h ea r t t o go o u t to a fri en d I ha v e a lw ay s

e xp e ri en c e d m os t ex a l te d fe e l i ng s an d h a v e b ee n m a d e b e tt e r b y th e m
,

m o ra ll y m enta ll y a nd spiri tu a ll y L o ve i s w i th m e a rel ig i on The

, ,
. .

v ery na tu re of m y a fl ec ti on for m y fri end s precl u des th e pos s ib i l i ty o f

'

a ny e l e m en t ent e ri n g i nt o i t wh i ch i s n o t a b s o l u t el y p u re a n d sa cre d .

W ith regard to her a tti tu de to w ard the o th er sex sh e w ri tes : I ,

ha ve nev er felt a di s li ke for m en b u t h ave go od c omra des a mo ng the m ,

.

D u rin g my ch i l dh oo d I as s oc i a te d w i th b o t h girl s a nd b o y s e njoyi ng ,

th em a ll b u t w on deri ng wh y t he girls ca red t o flir t w i th b oys L a te r

, .

in l i fe I h a v e h a d o th e r fri en ds h ip s w i th m en s om e o f wh om c a re d f o r ,

m e m u ch t o my regre t for n a tu ra ll y I do n o t c a re t o m a rry

, , , , .
”

S he i s a m u s i c i a n a nd h e rse lf a ttri b u te s her na t u re i n p a r t t o h er

,

a r ti s t i c te mp e r a m e n t S h e i s o f g ood i n te ll igenc e and al w a y s s to od

.
,

w e ll i n h e r cl ass es b u t th e dev el opm en t o f t he i n te llect u al fa c u lt i e s i s

,
1 36 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

s om ew h a t u neven Wh i le w eak i n m a them a t i cs she sh ow s re ma rk able

.
,

talen t for v ariou s b ran ch es o f ph ys i cal s c ience t o wh i ch o f la te years ,

s h e h a s d ev o ted h e r se lf b u t ha s a lwa y s b e en h a mp er e d b y th i s d efic i en c y

,

i n m a th e m a t i c s S h e i s s m a ll th o u gh h er fea tu r e s are ra th e r l a rg e
.
,
.

Me di ca l e xami na tion s h o w s a s m all v agina and ori fice th o u gh s ca rc el y , ,

pe r ha p s ab norm all y so i n prop ortion to her size A fu r th e r more det a i led

,
.

e x a min a t ion has r e cen tl y b e e n m a d e i n c o nne ct io n w i th t h e prese n t h i s

tory ( th ou gh no t at my i n s tance ) b y an ob s tetri c p h ysi c ian of h igh

s ta n di ng an d I am i nd e bte d t o h i s k i n d ne ss for t he f o ll o w i n g n ot es
,

“
Anat omi ca lly Mi ss M i s v ery n ea r be ing a n orm a l w om an H er
. .

p elv i c measu rements are a b ou t norm al b ei ng ,

Bis -
pe rior s p ines
an t . su

B i s i l i a c c r es t s
-

Bi gr eate r t ro ch a n te ri c
-

E x te rn a l c onj u ga te
Height
Aro u n d i t s b a se
N e ck
O n l e ve l w i th c ri c oid c art i l ag e
Measu rem ents
.

A bou t t he laryn x .

“
S ewu a l O rgans .
— (a )
I n ternal U te ru s and ovaries app ear normal
: .

( )
b E x t ern a l : S m a ll cl i t ori s w i t h th i s irr e g
,u l a ri t y th a t t h e l o w e r f o l,
d s

o f th e lab ia mi n ora in stea d of u n i ti ng o ne w i th t he ot h er and forming

,

t h e fr enu m are e x t en d e d u p w ard al o ng th e s id es o f t he cl i t ori s wh i le

, ,

t h e u ppe r fol ds are poo rl y de v e l op e d fu rn i sh i ng th e cl i t o ris w i th a v e ry

,

s c a nt h oo d T he l ab i a m ajora de p a rt from n orm a l c on form a t io n i n b e i ng

.

fu ller i n th eir pos teri o r half than i n th eir an te rior p ar t s o tha t when ,

t h e su b j e ct i s i n t h e s u pi ne p os i t i on th e y sag a s i t w er e pre se n ti n g a , ,

s l ight resem bl a n c e t o fl es h y sa cs b u t i n s u b s t an c e a n d s tru ctu r e th e y

,

feel n orm al .

Th e de v i a tions m ention e d are all I am abl e t o no te from t h e s tri ctl y

“

n orm a l f orm a nd S h a pe of th e se o rga ns .

T h e ge ne ra l c on f orm a tio n o f th e b ody i s fe mi n i ne B u t w i t h arm s

“
.
,

p al ms u p ex tend e d i n fron t of h er w i th i nner s ides o f h an ds tou ch in g

, ,

sh e c a nn o t b ri ng t h e in n e r s ide s o f for ea rm s to g e th e r as n ea r l y e v e ry ,

w om an c an sh o w i ng tha t the fe min in e angle o f arm i s lo st The b reas ts

,
.

a re o f fa ir s iz e an d t h e n ipp l es rea di l y r e s po n d to t i t i l l a ti on
,
T i ti ll a tio n .

o f t he sex u al organ s re ce iv es n o res ponse at al l ! T h i s does n ot S h o w .

tha t the sexu a l se nse i s l ost b u t prov es th e ab sen ce of any h ab i ts o f

,

e x c ess i v e s ex u a l ex c i te m e n t l ea di ng t o s e x u a l h yp e r es t h es i a ] I am per .

su a d e d h o w e v e r th a t Mi ss M po s se ss e s t he s e x u a l s en se t o a v e ry m a rk e d
,
.

degree .
 S EXUAL I N V ER S I O N I N W O MEN . 137

S he i s left hande d and sh ow s a b etter development th rou gh o u t o n

-

th e left s ide S h e i s qu ie t and digni fie d b u t has m an y b oyi s h tri ck s o f

.
,

m a nner and sp eech wh i ch see m t o be i ns ti nct iv e ; she t ri es t o w a tch

h erself c ont inu ally h o w ev er i n o rder to av oid them a ff e cting fe minine
, , ,

way s and feminine inte res ts b u t a lways be i ng c o nsc iou s of an eff ort i n
,

s o doi ng .

Mi ss M c a n see noth i ng w ro ng i n her feel i ngs ; and u nti l a y ea r

.
, ,

ag o s he c am e a c ros s t h e t ra nsla tion o f K r a ff t E b i ng s b oo k she had no

’
-
, ,

idea tha t feel ings l i ke mine were u nder the b an o f s oc ie ty as he p u ts

.
“ ‘ ’

i t or w ere c ons idered u nnatu ra l and dep rav ed

, S h e w o u l d l i k e t o he l p .

to b ring l ight on the su bj e ct and to l i ft the shado w from o th e r l i ves .

CA S E X L I — Mis s B aged 26 Am o ng her b rothe rs and s i s te rs one

. .
,
.
,

i s o f neu rot i c te mpera m en t and a no th er i s i nver ted S h e i s h erself per .

f e c tl y h eal th y S h e has no rep u g na n ce t o m en a nd w ou l d e ven l i k e t o

.
,

t ry ma rriage i f th e u nion w ere not pe rmanent b u t ex cep t i n one i n

, , ,

s t an c e she ha s ne ve r fe lt any se x u a l a ttra ct io n t o a m a n

,
I n th i s ex c ep .

t i o nal i ns tance sh e s oon rea l iz ed th a t s he w as n o t ad ap t e d for h etero s ex u a l

re la t ionsh ips and b roke o fi t he engagem ent she ha d fo rme d
,
'

S he i s a ttra cte d to w om en o f va ri o u s ki nd s th o u gh sh e re c ognizes ,

th a t th ere are s om e w om en t o wh o m onl y m en are a ttracted S om e years .

s i n ce sh e had a f ri en d to wh om s h e w a s ve ry s t ro ng l y a tta ch e d b u t th e ,

p hy s i cal m ani fes ta t ions do not appe a r to h av e be c om e very pronou nced .

S in ce th en h er th o u ghts h ave b e en m u ch o cc u pi ed b y se v e r a l w om en t o
wh om she has m a de advances wh i ch h av e not b een enco u raged t o pass ,

be yond ordi nary frien ds h ip I n one case ho wever s he has form ed an .

, ,

i ntima te relat ions h ip w i th a girl s ome wh a t yo u nger th an he rself and a ,

v e ry femin ine p ers onal i ty w ho accep ts M is s B s arden t l ov e w i th pleasu re

, .
’
,

b u t i n a pas si v e m ann e r a nd wh o doe s n o t c ons id er th a t t h e rel a t i onsh ip

,

w ou l d stand i n the w ay of her m arryi ng th o u gh she w ou l d on no acco u nt ,

tell her h u sb an d Th e relat ionsh ip h as for the fi rs t tim e arou s e d M iss B s

. .
’

l a ten t sex u al emot ions S he see m s t o find sexu al sat i sfa ction i n k is si ng
.

a nd e m b ra c i n g he r frie n d s bo dy b u t th e r e a ppe a r s to b e n o orgas m This

’
.
,

re l a t ions h ip ha s m a d e a c o ns id e ra bl e ch a nge i n h er a nd re n dere d he r ,

ra dian t and h appy I n her be h a v ior t o w ard m en Mi ss B reveal s no

. .

sex u a l s h yne ss Me n are not u s u ally a tt ra cted to h er

. .

Th ere i s no th i ng s tri k i ng i n h er a pp ea ran ce ; h e r perso n and m an

ne r s t h o u gh c a r e l e ss
, are no t c o n s pi c u o u s l y m an l i k e
, S h e i s fo nd o f -
.

e x e r c i se s mo k es a good d ea l and h a s a r t i s t i c t a st es
, , .

In th e n ex t c as e the in versio n is more fu ll y d evel op ed

—
CAS E XL II M i ss H aged 30 Amo ng her pate rnal rel ati v es there
. .
,
.

i s a t ende nc y t o ec c e n tri c i ty and to ne rv o u s di sease H er g r and fath e r .

d rank ; her fa th e r w as eccentri c and h ypo ch on dri ac al and su fiered from ,

'
1 38 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

ob ses sions H er moth e r an d moth er s rela tiv es a re ent ire ly h ealth y and
.
’
,

norma l i n di s po s i t io n .

A t th e ag e o f 4 S he l i ke d to se e t h e na te s o f a l i ttle girl wh o l i ved

ne a r . When S he w as ab ou t s ix t he n u rse m a id S itt ing i n t he fiel ds u sed -
, ,

t o p la y w i th h er o w n p a r ts an d t o l d h er t o d o l i ke w i s e sa y i ng i t w ou l d
, ,

m a ke a b ab y c om e ; s he o ccas iona lly to u ch ed h erself i n co nsequ ence b u t ,

w i th ou t pro du c i ng any e fiec t of a ny k in d When sh e w as ab o u t 8 she

'

u s e d t o see v a riou s n u rse m a id s u n c o v e r th e ir ch i l dre n s s e x u a l pa r ts a n d

’
-

S h o w th e m t o e a ch o th e r S h e u s e d t o th i nk a b o u t th is w h en a l o ne a nd
.
,

al s o a b o u t wh ippi ng S he ne v e r c a re d t o p la y w i th doll s an d i n h er
.
,

ga m es a lway s t oo k the par t o f a m an H er fi rs t r u dimentary sex feel i ngs .

-

a pp e a r e d a t t h e age o f 8 or 9 a n d w e r e as s o c i a te d w i th dr e a m s o f wh ip
,

ping and b e ing wh ipp e d wh i c h w e re m o s t v iv i d b e tw een the ages o f 1 1

,

a n d 14 ,when they died a w ay o n t h e app ea ran ce o f a fiec ti on f or girl s '

S he m ens t ru a te d a t 12 .

H er e a rl i e s t a ff e ct io n a t t h e age o f 1 3 w a s f or a s ch oo lf ell o w a
, , ,

gra ce fu l c oq u et ti sh girl w i th l o ng gol d en h a ir a n d bl u e eye s H er a fl ec

,
.
'

t ion di sp la yed it se lf i n p e r formi ng a ll sor ts o f s m all se rv i ce s f or th is girl ,

i n co ns ta ntl y th i nk i ng a b o u t h er a nd i n fe el i ng d el i c io u s ly gra te fu l for

,

t he s m a ll es t re tu r n A t th e ag e o f 14 s he had a simi la r p ass ion for a

.

c o u s in ; s h e u sed t o l oo k for w a rd w i th ecs ta s y t o her v i s i ts and esp ec i ally ,

to t he ra re o ccas ions wh en t he c ou s i n s l ep t w i th her ; h er e x c i tem en t

w as th e n so grea t th a t s h e c o u l d n o t s le e p b u t the re w as no c o nsc iou s ,

s e x u a l e x c i tem e n t A t the ag e o f 15 or 16 she fell i n lo ve w i th ano th e r

.

c ou sin ; her exp erience s w ith th i s girl w e re fu ll of del i c iou s se nsa tions ;
i f the cou si n o nl y to u ch ed her neck a th ri ll wen t th rou gh h er b ody ,

wh i ch sh e no w rega rds a s sex u a l Aga in a t 17 s he h ad an o v erw hel m .

, ,

i ng p a s s io n a t e fa s c i n a t io n f or a s ch oo lfe ll o w a pre tty c ommo n p l a c e

, , ,

girl wh om sh e id ea l ized a nd e th erea l iz e d t o an e xt ra v agan t e xten t Th i s

, .

p a ss io n w a s s o v io l e n t th a t h e r h e a lth w as t o s om e e x t e n t imp a ir e d ; , ,

b u t i t w a s pu re l y u n s e lfi s h an d th e re w a s n o th i ng s ex u a l i n i t
, On .

l ea vi ng s ch ool at th e ag e o f 19 sh e m et a girl o f abo u t t he sa me age as

h erself v e ry w om anl y b u t no t m u ch a ttra ct ed t o m en Th is g irl b ecam e
, ,
.

v e ry m u ch a tta che d t o h er and s ou g ht t o ga i n her l ove Afte r s ome tim e

, .

Mi ss H w a s attrac te d b y th is l ov e pa r tly from t h e se nse o f pow e r i t

.
,

gav e he r and an i n tim a te rel a tion gre w u p T h i s rela tion be ca me vagu ely
,
.

ph ysi ca l Mi ss H tak i ng t h e i n i ti a ti v e b u t he r fri en d d e siri ng su ch rela

, .
,

t ion s and ta k in g e x trem e p l e a su re i n th e m ; th ey u s e d t o to u ch a nd k i s s

e a ch o th e r t e n d e r l y ( es p e c i a ll y o n t h e m ons v en eri s ) w i th equ al a rdor , .

T h e y ea ch expe ri en ced a s t ro ng p l eas u ra ble fee l i ng i n d o i ng th is a n d ,

s ex u a l e re th i s m b u t n o orga s m a n d i t do e s n o t a pp e a r th a t th i s ev e r
, ,

o cc u rre d Their general be h av ior to ea ch o th er w as th a t o f lovers b u t

.
,

th ey en deav ored as fa r as poss ibl e to h ide th i s fa ct fr o m the w orl d

, ,
.

Th i s re la t ion las ted for se ve ral y ea rs and w o u l d h ave c on ti nu e d h ad no t, ,

 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N I N WO MEN . 139

M i ss H s friend from rel igiou s and mora l s cru p les pu t an end to the
.
’
, ,

p h ys i ca l r ela t io ns h ip Mis s H ha d bee n very w ell and h a ppy du ri ng

. .

th is re lat ionsh ip ; th is interferen ce w i th i t seem s t o hav e exe rted a d i s

t u rb ing infl u en c e a nd a l s o t o ha v e a ro u se d he r sex u a l d e s ires th o u g h
, ,

s h e w a s s t i ll s c a r ce l y c o n s c io u s o f th e ir r e a l n a tu re S oon a fte r w ard .

a no th e r g ir l o f v o l u p t u o u s typ e m a d e l o v e t o Mi s s H t o wh i ch th e .
,

latte r yi el de d giv ing w ay to her feeli ngs a s w ell as t o her l o ve o f d omi na

,

t ion . S he w as a fte r w a rd as h a m e d o f th i s e pi s od e th o u gh th e p hy s i ca l ,

e l e m e n t i n i t h a d r e m a i n e d v a g u e a n d i n d e fi n i te H er re mor s e w a s s o .

g rea t th a t wh e n h e r fri e n d re p ea t i ng h e r s c r u p l e s
,
imp l or e d h er t o l e t ,

the ir relat i onsh ip b e on th e sa m e foo ti ng as of old Mi ss H i n her tu rn ,

.
, ,

res iste d ev ery e ff o rt to res tore t he p hy s i ca l rela tion S h e kep t to th i s .

reso l u t ion for so m e y ears and s o u g ht t o di vert h er th ou ghts i nt o inte l

,

l ectu al cha nnels Wh en she aga in form e d an int im a te rel a tions h ip i t w as

.

w i t h a congeni a l fri end and las te d for se vera l y ea rs ,

.

S h e ha s nev e r m as t u rb a te d O cc as io na ll y b u t v e ry ra rel y sh e ha s
.
, ,

ha d dr ea m s o f ridi ng a cc om pa n i e d b y p l ea su ra bl e s ex u a l e mo t ion ( s he
canno t reca ll any a ctu al expe ri en ce t o s u gg e st th i s th o u gh fond o f ,

ridi ng ) . S h e ha s n e ve r h a d a ny k i nd o f se xu a l drea m s a b o u t a m a n ; o f
la te yea rs she has occa s ionally had erot i c dream s ab ou t w om en .

H er fe e l i ng t o w ard m e n i s no t in t h e s l igh te s t d e gree se xu al an d ,

s h e h a s n e v e r h a d t h e s l ig ht e s t a tt r a ct io n t o w a rd a m a n S h e l i ke s th e m .

a s good c omr a d e s a s m e n l i k e e a ch o th er
, S h e m u ch e njoy s t he s o c i e ty
.

o f m en b u t s impl y o n a cc ou nt o f th e ir i nte lle ctu a l a ttraction H er fee l

, .

i ng t o w a rd m a rri age h a s a l w ay s b ee n o ne o f ab s o l u t e re pu gnan c e S he .

c a n h o w e v e r im ag i n e a m an wh om sh e c o u l d l o v e or m a rry
, , .

S h e i s a t t ra cted t o w om anl y w omen s i n c er e r es erved p u re b u t , , , ,

cou rageo u s i n ch ara cter S he i s no t a t t ra cte d to i ntelle ct u al w om en b u t

.
,

a t t h e s a m e t im e c a nn o t en d u re s i ll y w om en T h e p h y s i ca l qu a l i ti e s
.

th at attra ct h er m o s t a re no t s o m u ch b ea u ty of fa ce a s grac e fu l b u t ,

no t t oo s l en d er a b ody w i th b e a u ti fu l c u rv e s
, T h e w om e n S h e i s dra w n
.

t o are u su ally so m e wh a t yo u nge r tha n h er self W om en are m u ch at .

tracted to her and w i th ou t any eff or t o n h er part S h e l ik es to tak e t he

, .

a ct i v e a nd prot e ct i ng rO l e w i th th e m S h e i s h e rs e lf ene rget i c i n ch a ra c

.

t er a nd w i th a so m e wh a t neu ro t i c t emp e ra m e nt
, .

S h e fin d s s ex u a l s a t i s fac tion i n te n d e r l y t ou ch i ng c are s s i ng and , ,

k i ssi ng t he l oved one s b ody ( T h ere i s no c u nni l i ng u s wh i ch she regards

’
.
,

w i th abh orren ce ) S he fee ls m ore ten de rn e ss th an p as sion T h ere i s a

. .

h igh degre e of sex u a l e re th i sm w h en k iss i ng b u t orgasm i s ra re and i s ,

prod u ce d b y lying on t he fri end or b y th e frie n d lyi ng o n h er w i th ou t ,

a ny s p e c i a l c onta c t S he l i k e s b e i ng h er s e lf k i sse d b u t n o t so m u ch as
.
,

ta k i ng th e a cti v e p a rt .

S he b e l i e v es th a t h omo s e x u a l l o v e i s morall y right wh en i t i s reall y

p a r t o f a p e r s o n s n a t u r ’
e a n d pro v id e d th a
, t t h e n a t u r e o f h omo s e x u a l
14 0 S EXUAL I NV E R S I O N .

lo ve i s a lw ays m ad e p l ain t o the obj ect o f su ch a fl ec ti on S he does n o t '

a ppro v e o f i t a s a m e r e m ak e s h i ft or e xpres s io n o f s en s u a l i ty i n n orm a l

, ,

w omen S he has s om et im es res i sted th e se xu al e xpress ion o f her feeli ngs

.
,

on ce for y ea rs a t a t ime b u t a lw a y s i n v a in T he efiec t o n her o f l o v i ng

, .
'

w om en i s d i s ti n ctly good s he asserts b oth s piri tu al l y and p h ysi call y

, , ,

whi le repression l ea ds t o morb idi ty a nd h yste ri a S he has su fiere d m u ch .

'

from neu rasth en i a a t va rio u s p eri od s b u t u nder appropriate trea tmen t ,

i t has slo w ly dimi n i s he d T he i nv er te d inst i nct i s too dee p ly roo te d to

.

e r a di c a te b u t i t i s w e ll u n d e r c o n t ro l
1
.
,

The ch i e f ch aract erist i c o f the s exu all y in v ert ed w om an is

a c er t ain d egr ee O f m as c u l ini t y AS I h av e al r eady poin t e d ou t .
,

a w om an wh o is in cl in e d t o adop t th e w ays an d g arm en t s o f m en

is b y no m ean s n e c e ss ari ly in v er t e d I n th e v o l u m e o f Wom en .

Ad ven tu r ers e di t e d b y M rs N orm an f or th e Ad ven tu re S eri es

,
.
,

th er e is no t r ac e o f in v e rsio n ; i n mos t o f th e s e c as e s ind ee d , ,

l o v e f o r a m an w as pr e c i s e ly th e mo t i v e f or adop t i ng m al e
g arm en t s an d m an n ers A gain C o ll ey C i bb e r s daught e r
.
,
’
,

Ch arl o tt e C hark e a b oyis h an d v i vac io u s w om an wh o sp ent

, ,

mu ch o f h er l i fe i n m en s cl o th es an d u lt im at el y w ro t e a l i vely
’
,

v o l u m e O f me moirs app ear s n ever t o h av e b een att ract ed t o

,

w om en th o u g h w om e n w ere o ft en att ract ed t o her b el i ev ing h er

, ,

t o b e a m an ; i t is i n d eed no t ew orth y that w om en s eem w i th

, , ,

S p ec i al f re u en c y t o f all in l o v e w i th disguis ed p ersons O f th eir

q ,

o w n sex
2
T h er e i s h ow ev e r a v ery pronoun c ed t end en cy among
.
, ,

1
Th e mo s t c omp le tel y re corded case of sexu a l inversion i n a w om an
i s th a t f
o t he H u ng a ri a n C o u nt es s S a r o lta V wh ose false m arri age w i th .
,

a yo u ng w om a n a tt ra cte d m u ch n o t i c e i n t h e p a pe rs a f e w y ea r s ag o I .

regard th i s case as in mos t res pe cts so typi ca l ( ex cep ti ng only a s regard s

th e f ra u d wh i ch l ed t o i t s p u bl i c i ty ) th a t I h a ve s u mm a riz e d i t rathe r
fu ll y i n Appendix E b as in g my a ccou n t ch iefly o n the ve ry fu ll m e dic o
,

legal re por t o f the ca s e p u bl i sh e d a fe w years ag o b y D r C B i rnb ac her . .

i n F ri ed re i ch s B l d tter f ur g er i c h t li c he Medi ci n
’
.

A very i ntere s ti ng ex a mpl e o f a w om a n w i th a n irres i s t ible imp u l se

t o a dop t m en s cl oth i ng a nd l ea d a m a n s l i fe b u t wh o did no t s o f ar
’ ’
, ,

as i s kn o wn pos s ess any s exu a l imp u l ses i s th a t o f Ma ry F ri th com

, , ,

mou ly ca lle d Mo ll C u tp u rse wh o l i ved i n L on don at the beg inn ing o f t he

,

se ven tee n th ce n tu ry The L i fe and D ea th of Mr s Mary F r i th a pp ear e d

. .

i n 1662 ; Midd l e to n and R ow l e y al s o m a d e h e r t h e h e roi ne o f th e ir d e

l ightfu l c om e dy The R oari ng G i r l ( Mermai d S eri es Mi d d leton s P lay s
, ,
’
,

v olu m e ii ) som ewha t ideal izi ng h er h ow ever S he se e m s to h ave be

, ,
.

l onged t o a n eu roti c and e cc en tri c s to ck ; e ach of the fami ly h er “

,
”

b iog rap h e r sa ys had h i s pa rt i cu l ar freak As a ch i l d she onl y care d

,
“
.
”
,
 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N I N W O MEN . 14 1

s ex u ally i n v ert ed w om en t o adop t m al e att ire wh en prac ti c abl e .

I n s u ch c as es m ale g arm en t s are no t usu al ly r eg ard ed as d esirabl e

ch i efly on acc o u n t o f pract i c al c on v eni en c e nor ev en in ord er t o ,

m ake an impr ession o n o th er w om en b u t b ec au s e th e w ear er ,

feel s more at h om e in th em T h u s M o ll m en t ions th e c as e o f a .

,

young go v ern ess o f six t een wh o wh i l e s t i ll un c ons c io u s o f h er ,

s ex u al p erv ersion u s ed to fi nd p l eas u re wh en ev eryon e was ou t

, ,

o f the h o u se i n p u tt ing on the cl o th es o f a yo u th b el onging t o

,

th e fami l y .

A f ew cas es h av e b een re corded of inv e rted w om en wh o h a ve spent

t he gr ea te r p a r t o f th e ir l i v e s i n m e n s cl o th i ng an d b ee n gene ra ll y re
’

ga rde d a s m en I m ay c i te t he case o f L u cy Ann S la te r a lia s t he R e v

.
,
.

J os e p h L o bd e ll re c orde d b y D r W i se ( A l i eni s t and N eu ro log i s t

,
.
,

S he w a s m a s c u l i ne i n ch a ra ct er fe a tu r es a nd a tt ire I n ea rl y l i fe s h e
, , .

m a rri ed a nd had a ch i l d b u t ha d no a ff e ction for her h u sb and wh o

, ,

e ve nt u all y l e ft he r A s u su a l i n s u ch ca s e s her m a s c u l i ne h ab i ts a pp e a red

.
,

i n ea r l y ch i l dh o od S he w as e xpe rt w i th t he rifl e l i v e d th e l i fe o f a
.
,

tra ppe r an d h u nter a mong t he In di ans and w a s kn ow n as t he F emal e ,

“

Hu nte r of L ong E ddy S he p u bl i s h e d a b oo k r eg a rdi ng th o se e x p eri

.
”

e nc e s I h av e no t b een abl e t o se e i t b u t i t i s sa id t o b e qu aint and

.
,

we ll w ri tten S h e rega rde d h erself as pra cti c a ll y a m an and b ecam e

.
,

a tt a ch e d t o a yo u n g w om a n o f g oo d e d u c at io n wh o had als o been d e ,

s e rt e d b y h er h u sb a n d T h e a fl ec t i on w a s st r o ng a nd e mo t iona l an d o f
'

.
, ,

c o u rse w i th ou t de ce ption It w as i nterru p ted b y h e r re c ognition an d

, .

imp riso nm en t as a vaga b ond b u t o n the pe ti tion o f h er w i fe s he w a s

,
“ ”

release d I m ay b e a w om an i n o ne sen se S he sa i d b u t I h ave pe cu l i a r

.
“
,
‘

organs wh i ch m ak e m e more a m an th an a w oman S he a ll u d e d to a n .

e n l arge d cl i t ori s wh i ch s h e c o u l d e r e ct s h e s a id a s a t u r tl e pro t ru d es , ,

i ts he a d b u t th e r e w a s no qu e s t ion o f i t s u s e i n c oit u s
, S h e w as u lt i .

m a tel y b rou ght t o t he asy lu m w i th p aroxy sm al a tta cks o f ex altat ion and

for b oys gam es and c ou l d neve r a da p t h er self t o any w om an s av o ca tions

’
,
’
.

S he h ad a na t u ra l a bh orren c e t o t h e te ndi ng of ch i l dren H e r di s pos i

“ ”
.

t i o n w as al t og e th e r m as c u l i ne ; sh e w as n o t for mi n c i n g ob sc e n i ty b u t
“
,

w ou l d ta lk free l y wh atev er cam e u ppe rmo s t S he nev e r had any ch il

, .
”

dren and w as n o t tax ed w i th d eba u chery

,
N 0 m a n c an s ay or afli rm :

t h a t e v e r s he h a d a s w e e th e a r t or a ny su ch fon d th i n g t o d ai l y w i th
her ; a m as t i ff w as t h e o nl y l i v i ng th i ng s h e c a red for H e r l i fe w as n o t
”
.

a l tog e th e r h o n es t b u t n o t so m u ch fro m a n y org a n i c te n d e n c y t o c rim e i t

, ,

s ee m s a s b e c au se h er a b n orm a l na t u r e a n d r e s tl e s s ne s s m a de h er a n o u t
,

c as t S he w a s to o fond of dri nk and i s sa id t o h av e b ee n t he fir s t w om an

.
,

wh o smo k e d t ob a cc o N o th ing i s s aid or s u ggested o f any h omosexu al

.

pra cti ce s b u t w e see cl ea rl y h ere wh a t m ay b e te rm e d th e h om ose x u a l

,

di ath es is Anot h er and more di sti ngu i she d i ns ta nce w as S i r Ja mes Barry
. .
14 2 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

e rot om an i a ( w i th ou t self ab u se a pp arently ) and c orres pon ding p eriods o f

-

dep res s ion and sh e die d w i th progress i v e d em enti a I m ay also mention

,
.

t he c ase ( b ri e fly r ec ord e d i n t h e L a nc et F eb ru a ry 22 1884 ) o f a pe rs o n , ,

called J oh n Cou lte r wh o w as emp l oyed f or tw elve years as a labo rer b y

,

the Be lfas t H a rb or Commi ss io ne rs Wh en dea th res u lted from i nj u ries .

cau sed i n fa ll ing do w n s ta irs i t w as fo u nd th a t th i s pe rson w as a w oman

,
.

S he w as fift y y ears o f ag e an d ha d a pp a rentl y s pe n t t h e g rea te r p a rt o f

,

h er l i fe as a m an Whe n emp l oyed i n early l i fe as a m an servan t on a

.
-

farm she had m arri ed her mi s t ress s dau ght er T he pa ir w ere ma rri ed
,
’
.

for tw en ty n ine y ears b u t du ri ng t he las t s i x y ears l i ved apa rt ow ing

-

, ,

t o t h e h u s b a nd s di s s ip a ted ha b i ts N 0 o ne eve r su s pec te d her sex

“ ’ ”
. .

S he w as o f m as c u l i ne a pp e ar ance a n d good m u s c u l a r d e v e l opm e nt The .

w i fe too k ch arge o f th e b ody and b u ri e d i t

”
.

A more recent case o f t he sam e k i nd i s th a t o f Mu rra y Ha ll wh o ,

di e d i n N e w Y ork i n 190 1 H er real na m e w as Ma ry Ande rson and she .

,

w a s b orn a t G o v a n i n S c o tl a n d E a rl y le ft an orp h an on th e d eath o f

,
.
,

h er on l y bro th e r sh e pu t o n h i s cl o th e s a nd w e n t to E di nb u rgh w ork i ng ,

as a m a n H e r s e c re t w as di s c o ve re d d u ri ng a n i ll ne ss and sh e fina ll y
.
,

w en t to Am eri ca w h e re she l i v e d as a m an for th irty years m ak i ng

, ,

money a nd b ec omi ng s om ewh a t no toriou s as a T a mmany po l i t i cia n a

, ,

rath e r rio to u s m a n ab ou t to w n T he se c re t w as not di sc ov ered till her

“
.
”

dea th wh en i t w a s a c omp l et e rev el ation even to h er a dop te d dau ghte r

, , .

S h e m arri e d tw i ce ; t h e fi r s t m a rri age e n de d i n s e p a ra t ion b u t t he s ec o nd ,

m a rri age se em e d t o h a v e b een h a ppy for i t l a st e d tw ent y y e a rs wh en , ,

t h e w i fe di e d S h e as s oc i ate d m u ch w i th pretty girl s a nd w as v e ry

“ ”
.
,

j ealo u s o f them S h e see m s to h av e b een S light a n d no t v ery m a s cu li ne i n

.

general b u i l d w i t h a sq u e aky v oi ce b u t her w ay s a tti tu de and h ab i ts

, , , ,

w ere al l es se nti ally ma scu l ine S h e ass oc iate d w i th pol iti c i ans drank .
,

s om e wh a t t o e x c e s s th o u gh no t h ea v i l y s w ore a gre a t d e al s mok e d a nd

, , ,

ch ew ed to b a cc o sang ri ba l d s ongs ; c o u l d ru n d an ce and fight l i ke a

, , ,

m an a nd h a d di v es t e d h e rs e lf o f ev e ry tra c e o f fe mi ni n e d ai n t i ne ss
, S he .

w ore cl oth es th a t w ere a l w ay s rath e r t o o large i n order t o h ide her form ,

b aggy trou se r s and a n overc oa t e ven i n su mm er S he i s sa id to h av e

, .

died O f can ce r o f the b re as t ( I qu ote from an a cco u n t wh i ch a ppears .

,

t o b e r e l i abl e c o n ta i n e d i n t h e Week ly S cots man F eb ru ary 9

, , ,

A n o th e r c a s e wh i ch ha s re ce n tl y b een d e s c ri be d i n t he L o ndo n
,

p a p er s i s th a t o f C a th e rine C o o m e wh o f or for ty y ea rs su cces s fu l l y pe r

, ,

s o na t ed a m a n an d a dop te d m a s c u l i n e h a b i ts n e ra ll y S h e m a rri ed a
g e .

l ady s m aid w i th wh om she l i v ed for fou rtee n years Hav i ng la tte rl y

’
, .

a dop te d a l i fe o f fra u d her c a se ga i ned p u bl i c i t y as th a t o f the m an “

,

w om an .
”

Wh en th ey s t i ll r et ain fem al e garm en t s th ese usu all y Sh o w ,

som e trai t s o f m as c u l in e simp l i c it y an d th er e is n earl y always a ,

 S EXUAL I NVER S IO N I N WO MEN . 14 3

disd ain for the p etty feminin e arti fice s o f the t oi l et Ev en wh en .

th is is n o t o bv io u s th er e are all sort s o f ins t in ct i v e g es t u r es an d

,

h ab i t s wh i ch m ay su gg est to fem al e ac qu ai n t an c es th e rem ar k

“ ”
th at s u ch a p erso n ough t t o h av e b ee n a m an T h e b rusqu e .
,

e n e rg et i c mo v em en t s th e att i t u d e o f th e arms th e dir e ct sp eech

, , ,

th e i n fl ex i o n s o f th e v oi c e the m as c u l in e s t raightf or w ardn ess ,

an d s e ns e o f h onor an d e sp e c i all y th e att i t u d e t o w ard m en fr ee

, ,

from any su gg est ion ei th er o f S h y n ess or audac i t y w i ll o ft en sug ,

gest the u nd erl yi n g psy ch i c ab norm al i ty t o a k een o b serv er .

fo ll ow ing s u mm a ry des c ipt io n ( whi ch Moll qu o tes from a

T he r

F ren ch b oo k e nt i tl e d L u c i enne D i a l og u es d es C our ti s a ne s 1 892 ) ve ry : ,

w e ll indi ca tes the gene ral pre feren ces o f i nver ted w om en in the m atter
o f dress : Q u ant a Ma ri anne e lle to u j ou rs so n s mok ing gris l e jou r
“
, , , ,

no i r l e s oir feu tre m ou avec u ne pl u m e

,
ch emise d h omm e a ’

p l is c o l droi t c rav a te an gla i s e

, ,
e t a l e b ou to nn i ere u ne t ou ff e

d oeu i l l et s bl a n c s Et v o u s s a v e z qu e lle ne m e t j a m ai s d e j u po ns ;
’ ’
.

m a is simp lem en t u n e c u lo tte en p ea u sons sa rob e .

”

As rega rd s the genera l be ari ng o f t h e i nv ert e d w om a n i n i ts mos t ,

m a rk e d a nd u n di sgu i sed form I m a y qu o te a n a dmira ble d es c rip tio n b y

,

P r o f Z u cc arell i o f N a p l es o f an u nm a rri e d midd le clas s w om an o f 35

.
, ,
-
:
“
Wh i le reta i ni ng fe mi ni ne ga rm ents h er b earing i s as n ea rl y as possi ble ,

a man s S h e w ea rs h e r th i n h a ir th ro w n c a re l e ss l y b a ck a l la Um berto
’
.
,

and fa s tene d i n a s imp l e k n o t a t t h e b a ck o f her h ea d Th e b reas ts are .

li ttl e dev elope d an d c ompre ssed benea th a h i gh c orset ; her go w n i s nar

,

ro w w i th ou t t he e xp ans io n d e m a n d e d b y f a sh io n H er st ra w h at w i th .

b road p lai ts i s pe rh ap s ador ne d b y a feath e r or she w ea rs a sm all hat

l ik e a b oy s S h e does not carry an u m b rella or su n sh ade and wal ks ou t
’
.
,

a l o ne r e fu s i ng th e c ompa ny o f m en ;
, or i s a cc ompani ed b y a w om an as ,

s h e p re fers o fie ri ng her arm an d c a r ryi ng t h e o th e r h an d at h er w a i s t

’

, ,

w i th the ai r o f a fine gen tl em an I n a ca rriage her be aring i s pe cu l iar .

and u nl i k e th a t h a b i tu al w i th w om e n S ea ted i n th e midd l e o f th e .

do u b le sea t he r knees be i n g c rossed or el se th e l egs w e ll sepa ra te d w it h

, ,

a v iri l e a i r a nd ca re l e s s e a s y mo ve m en t s h e t u rn s h e r h ead i n ev ery d i re c

t io n findi n g an a cq u a i n ta n ce h e re and th ere w i th h e r eye sal u ti ng m e n

, ,

and w om en w i th a l a rge ges t u re o f t h e h an d a s a b u s i ness m an w ou l d .

I n c o nve rsa t io n h er po s e i s s imi la r ; s h e ge s ti cu la te s m u ch i s v i va c iou s ,

i n s p e e ch w i th m u ch po w e r o f mimi c ry and wh i l e ta lk i ng s he a r c hes t he

, ,

i nne r angl es o f h er eyeb ro w m a k ing v er ti cal w ri nkl es at the cente r o f

,

h e r foreh ea d H e r l a u gh i s ope n and e xp l os i v e a nd u n c o v er s her wh i te

.

ro w s o f tee th Wi th m en she i s on t erm s o f ca reles s equ al i ty ( I nver

” “
. .
14 4 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

s ione c ongen i ta d ell i s t i nto

’
s e s su a e l in u na donna ,
L Ano ma lo , F
’
e b ru ary ,

1889 )

A lth o u gh th er e is som et im es a c ert ai n gen eral c o ars en ess o f

p hysi c al t ex t ure w e do no t fi nd any t rac e O f a b eard or mo u s
,

t ach e an d i t is a mist ak e t o su ppos e th at b earde d w om en ap

,
1

pro ach th e m asc u li n e typ e I t is pr ob abl e h o w ev er th at th ere .

, ,

are mor e g en u in e ap proxim at io n s t o th e m as c u l in e t yp e T he .

m u s cl es are ev ery wh ere fi rm w i th a c omp arat i v e ab s en c e o f so ft ,

c o n n ect i v e t iss u e ; so th at an i n ve rt ed w om an m ay gi v e an nu
feminin e impress i o n t o th e s en s e o f t o u ch No t on l y is th e t on e .

o f th e v oi c e o ft e n di ff er en t b u t th er e is r easo n to su ppo se th at ,

th is r es t s o n a b asis o f an at omi c al modi fic at ion A t M o ll s su g .

’

g est io n Fl atau ex ami n ed th e l arynx in a l arge n u mb er o f i n

,

v er t ed w om en an d fo u n d in s e ve r al a v e ry d ec id ed ly m as c u l in e
,

t yp e o f l arynx or an appro ach t o i t esp ec i ally in c as e s o f di s

, ,

ti n c tl y c o n g en i t al origin I n th e h ab i t s no t on l y is th er e f re
.

qu en tl y a pro n o u n c e d t ast e for sm o k ing c igar ett es O ft en found

in qu i te femini n e w om en b u t al so a d ec id e d t ast e an d t o l erat io n
,

for c igars T h er e is al so a disl i k e an d som et im es i n c ap ac i t y for

.

n eed l e w ork an d oth er dom est i c o cc u p at io n s wh i l e th er e is o ft en

-

som e c ap ac i ty f or athl et i c s No m as c u l i n e ch aract e r is u su all y .

t o b e fo u n d i n the s ex u al organ s wh i ch are som et im es u n d e ,

v el o p e d N o tw i th s t an di n g th es e charact ers h o w ev er s exu al

.
, ,

in v ersio n i n a w om an is as a ru l e no t mor e O bv io u s th an in a
, ,

m an . A t th e sam e t im e th e in v er t ed w om an is n ot u su all y ,

att r act i v e t o m e n S h e hers elf g en er all y f eel s th e gr eat est i n d i f

.

fe ren c e t o m en an d o ft en c an no t und ers t an d Wh y a w om an

,

sh o u l d l o v e a m an th o u gh S h e easi l y u n d ers t an ds wh y a m an
,

sh o u l d l o v e a w om an Sh e sh ow s th er ef or e n o th i n g o f th at
.
, ,

s ex u al shyn ess an d engaging ai r o f we akn ess an d d ep end en c e

wh i ch are an inv i t at ion to m en Th e m an wh o is p as sion at el y .

att r act e d t o an i n v er t e d w om an is u s u all y o f rath e r a f emini n e

‘
S ee Ma x
B arte l s s e a or a e s u dy
’
l b t
U e e r a n orm a B e aa r u n g t b b l h
b e im Me n s h en , c
Z ei tsc hr i f t f ii r E thno log i e , B 1 3 , 1 88 1 , p 2 19 And f or
”
. . .

t h e sa m e c t
on di ion i n i nsan i y , L a rri s L i s o n ,
“
t
a s es of Bea rde d
. H -
t C
W o m en, B ri ti s h Med i ca l J our na l , J un e 2, 1894
”
.
 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N I N W O MEN . 14 5

typ e . For i n s t an c e in on e c as e pres en t t o my mi n d he w as o f

,

som ewh at n eu ro t i c h eredit y o f s l igh t p hys i qu e no t s exu all y at , ,

t ract i v e to w o men an d v ery dom est i c at ed i n h is m ann er o f l i v

,

i ng ; i n s h or t a m an wh o mig ht e asi l y h av e b e e n p assion at e l y

,

att r act e d t o h is o w n sex .

Wh i l e th e in v ert ed w om an is c o l d or at mos t c omr ad el y , , , ,

i n h er b eari n g t o w ard m en S h e m ay b e c om e s h y an d c on fu s ed i n
,

th e pr esen c e o f att ract i ve p er so n s o f h er o w n sex ev en u n abl e t o ,

u n dr es s in th e i r pr e s en c e an d f u ll o f t end er ardo r f or th e w o m an
,

wh om sh e l o v es .

T h e p as sion fi n ds expr essio n i n S l eepi n g t og ethe r k issi n g , ,

an d cl os e em b r ac es w i th mor e or l e s s s ex u al ex c i t e m en t th e o r
, ,

g as m som et im e s o cc u rri n g wh e n o n e l ie s on th e o th e r s b ody or ’

e l se i n m u t u al m as t u rb at io n ; th e ex t re m e gr at i fic at ion is cu n

n i li ngu s i n lam ben d o li n gu d geni ta li a a lteri u s ) som et im e s c all e d

( ,

sapp h ism .T h er e is no c onn ect ion as w as o n c e suppos ed b e , ,

tw ee n s exu al in v ersion i n w om en an d an en l arg ed cl i t oris wh i ch ,

h as v ery s el dom b een f o u nd i n s u ch c as es an d n ev e r so f ar as I , ,

am aw ar e t o an ex t en t th at w o u l d p e rmi t o f i t s u se i n c oi t u s w i th
,

an o th er w om an
1
.

Wh i le th e m eth od s m en tion ed are cert a i nl y th o se by wh i ch i n verted

w omen mos t u su a ll y atta i n sex u al sati s fa ct i on i n th e ir relat io nship s i t ,

m u s t a t t h e sa m e tim e b e a dd e d t h a t t h e v a rio u s p h en om ena o f sa di s m ,

m a so ch i sm a nd fet i ch is m wh i ch are l i a ble t o a ri se spon ta ne ou sl y or b y

, ,

su gges t io n i n th e re l a t i o ns h ip s o f n orm a l l o v er s as w e ll as o f m a l e i n v e r t s
, , ,

m a y a l s o a ri s e i n t h e s a m e w a y a mo ng i n ve rt e d w om e n th o u gh pro b a bl y , , ,

n o t o ften i n a v e ry pro n o u n c e d form Mo ll h ow ev er n a rra te s a ca se .

, ,

( K o n tr d r e S ea m a l em p fi nd u n g 1 899 pp 5 6 5 7 0 ) i n
,
wh i ch v a rio
,
u s mi n. or -
,

b u t v e ry de fini t e p erv e r s io n s w e r e c om b i ne d w i th i n v e rs ion an d on th i s

, .

a cc o u n t i t m a y b e o f i nt er e s t t o re fe r t o i t b ri efly T he c ase w a s th a t o f .

a yo u ng l a dy o f 2 6 o f go od h e redity wh o from t he ag e of 6 h ad only

, ,

b ee n at tra cted to h er ow n sex an d even i n ch i l dh ood h ad pra ct i ced ,

m u tu a l c unni li ngus S he i s ex tre m el y i ntell igen t an d o f generou s and

.
,

good n at u red di sp o si tion w i t h v a rio u s m as cu l in e tas tes b u t on the wh ole

-

, , , ,

of femi n ine b u i l d and w i th co mpl etel y femi nine la ry nx D u ri ng the .

K i e rn a nh o w eve r refers t o a ca se o ccu rring i n Am e ri c a i n wh i ch

, , ,

a s e x u a l in v e rt m a r ri e d a n d a mo th e r po s se s s e d a cl i t ori s wh i ch m e a s
, ,

u red tw o a nd a h a lf i nch es wh en e re ct .

10
14 6 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

p a st s even years she has l i ved ex c l u s i v el y w i th one w om an S he i s able

°
.

t o find c omple te sa t i s faction i n acti ve c unni li ng u s b u t pre fers S im u l ,

t an e ou s m u t u a l cu nni li ng us I n a ddi tion h ow e v e r d u ri ng t h e c o u rs e o f

.
, ,

th i s re la tions h ip vari ou s othe r m e th ods o f e x c i tem en t an d gra ti fica tion

h a ve a ri sen — i t seem s for the mo st p ar t s po n ta neou sl y It gives her
, , , .

m u ch p leasu re u ri nam f emi nw d i l ectce i n as p rop r i u m i mmi tti r e ; th i s

a ppe a rs s om e tim es t o o cc u r as a n e pi s od e i n th e c o u r se o f fa ir l y n orm a l

s e x u a l re l a t io n s h ip s b u t i n th i s case t h e s u b j e ct s imi l a r ly fo u n d se x u a l
,

gra ti fica t ion when defe c a tion a ls o w as efl ec t ed i n th e sa m e w ay a v e ry

'

e x c ep t io na l p e rv e rs io n I n a ddi tion t o th e s e a n d s imi l a r pr a cti ces t he

.

su b j e ct l i k e d b e i ng b i tten e s pe c i a ll y i n t h e l ob u l e o f t h e e ar an d s he
, ,

w a s h ighl y e x c i te d wh en wh ipp e d b y he r fr i e n d wh o s h ou l d i f pos s i bl e

, , ,

b e nak e d at t he t im e ; o n l y th e na te s m u s t b e wh ipp e d a n d o n ly a b ir ch
rod be u sed or th e eff ec t w o u l d n ot b e obta i ned S he say s th a t th ese
, .

pra ct i c es w ou l d no t b e po ss ible to h er i n the ab s en ce of ex treme int im ac y

a n d m u t u a l u n d er st a n di ng a nd th e y h a v e o n l y ta k en p l a ce w i th t h e o ne
,

fri end I n th i s cas e t he pe rv erse p henom ena a c co rding t o K raff t E b ing s

.
,
-
’

di s ti n ct ion w ere m a s oc h i sti c ra th er th an sa di st i c M oll m ent ion s h o w

, .
,

eve r , th a t h e i s a cqu a inted w i th m an y h omos ex u al w om en wh o h a ve

s a di st i c t e n d en c i e s i n a mor e or l e ss mi l d de ree
g .

Th e
i nv ert e d w om an is an en th u si as t i c admir er o f f emin ine
b eau ty esp ec i all y o f th e s t at u esqu e b eau t y o f th e b ody u nl i k e
, , ,

i n th is th e norm al w om an wh os e s ex u al emo t io n is b u t fain tl y

, ,

t i ng ed b y e s th et i c feel ing I n h er s ex u al h ab i t s w e rar ely fin d

.

the d egr ee o f promis c ui ty wh i ch i s n ot u n c o mmo n among i n

.

v er t ed m en I am i n cl i n ed to agree w i th M o ll th at h omos exu al

.
,

Wom en l o v e more fai thfu ll y an d l as t i n g l y th an h omos ex u al m en 1

.

S ex u all y in ve rt ed w om en are n o t rarel y m arri ed ; M o ll f rom ,

v ario u s c on fid en c es wh i ch h e has r ec ei v ed b el i ev es th at i n v ert ed ,

w om en h av e n o t the s am e h o rror o f norm al c oi t u s as i n v ert ed

m e n ; th is is pro b abl y d u e t o th e fact th at th e w om en u n d er s u ch
c ir c ums t an c es c an ret ain a c ert ain p as si v i ty I n o th er c as es th er e .

1
otew or th y h o w m any i nv er ted w om en h a ve w i th more or
I t is n ,

l ess frau d be en m a rri e d to t he w om an o f th e ir ch oi ce th e c ou ple l i vi ng

, ,

h appily t oge ther for l on g pe riod s I kn ow o f one ca se pr oba bl y u niqu e

.
, ,

i n wh i ch t he ce remo n y w a s gon e th rou gh w i th o u t any d e c e p tio n o n a n y

s id e : a c o nge n i ta ll y i n v e rt e d E ngl i s hw om a n o f di s t i n gu i s h e d i n t el l e ct u a l

ab i l i ty n o w d e a d w a s a tta ch e d t o t h e w i fe o f a cl e rgym a n
, ,
wh o i n fu ll , ,

c ogniza n c e o f al l t he fa cts o f th e ca s e pri v a tel y m a rri ed t he tw o la dies

,

i n h i s ow n ch u r ch .
 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N I N WO MEN .

is som e d egree o f psych os ex u al h erm ap h rodi t ism alth o u gh as , ,

amo n g i n v er t e d m en th e h omos ex u al i n st i n ct s eems u s u all y t o

,

g i v e t h e gr e at e r r e l i e f an d gr at i fic at ion .

I t has b een st at ed b y m an y o b s erv ers wh o are abl e t o sp eak

—
w i th som e au th ori t y i n A m eri c a in Fran c e in G erm an y an d , , ,

—
i n E n gl an d th at h omosex u al i t y i s in c reasi n g amo n g w ome n
1
.

I t s eem s pro b abl e th at th is is t ru e T h ere are m an y i n flu en c es .

in ou r c i v i l iz at io n t o d ay wh i ch en c o u rage s u ch m an i fes tat ions

-
.

—
T he mod ern mo v em en t o f em an c ip at ion th e mo v em en t t o O h
t ain th e sam e right s an d d u t i es th e sam e fr eedom an d re spons i ,

—
b i l i ty the s am e e d u c at io n an d th e s am e w ork m u st b e r egard ed
,

as o n th e wh o l e a wh o l es o m e an d i n ev i t abl e mo v em en t
, ,
Bu t .

i t c arries w i th i t c ert ai n dis ad v an t ag es I t h as i n v o lv ed an i n .

c r eas e i n femi n i n e c rimin al i ty an d in femi ni n e i n s ani ty wh i ch ,

are b ei n g el ev at e d t o w ard th e m as c u l i n e s t an d ard I n c on n ec .

t ion w i th th ese w e c an s c ar c el y b e su rpri sed t o fin d an in c rea se

in h omosex u al i ty wh i ch has always b een regard e d as b el o n ging
,

t o an all i ed i f n ot the sam e gro u p o f p h en om en a Wom en are

, ,
.
,

v e ry j u s t l y c oming t o l oo k u p o n k n o wl edge an d exp eri en c e g en

,

B u t wh en
’
erall y as th eir rig h t as m u ch as th eir b r o th ers right .

th i s do ct ri n e is app l ie d to th e sex u al sp h er e i t fi n ds c er t ain l im

i tati on s I n t im ac i es o f an y k ind b etw een yo u n g m en an d yo u n g
!

w om en are as m u ch dis c o u rage d so c i all y n ow as ev er th ey wer e ;

as reg ards h ig h er ed u c at io n th e m e r e as so c i at io n o f the s ex es in ,

th e l e ct u r e room or th e l ab or at ory o r th e h os pi t al is dis c o u r ag ed

-

1
T he re ar e f e w t ra c es o f h omo s exu a l i ty a mo ng w om en i n E ngl i s h
s oc i al h i s tory I n Ch a rles I I s c ou r t t h e Memo i r es d e G r a m mont t ell
’
.
,

u s ( as Dr K i e rn a n h a s r emi n de d m e ) th a t Mi s s H o b a r t w as c r e di t e d
. .

w i th L esbi an te nde n c i es Ma d em o i se lle H o b a r t éta i t d u n ca ra cter e

:
“ ’

au s s i n ou vea u po u r l or s e n A ng l e t e rre u e sa fi gu r e pa r a i s sa i t s i ng u l i er e
q
d ans u n pay s on d etre j eu ne e t d e n et re pa s pl u s o u moi ns bel l e e s t u n
,
’
,
’
,

re proc he E l l e a va i t d e l a t a il l e qu elqu e ch o se d e for t deli b er e d an s l a ir

.
,
’
,

beau c ou p d es pri t et c et es pri t ét a i t fort orn é sans etre fort di s c ret E ll e

’
, .

a v a i t b ea u c o u p d e v i va c i té d a n s u n e im agin a t io n e u r églé e e t b e a u c o u p
p ,

d e f eu d an s d e s y eu x p e u t o u ch an t s B i e n t O t l e b ru i t v eri t ab l e o u
.

fa u x d e cette si ngu lari té se ré pandi t d a ns l e c ou r O n y éta i t as sez .

gros s i e r po u r n a v oir j am a i s e nten d u pa rl er d e c e rafii nem e nt d e l a nc i en ne

’ ’

G réc e s u r l es go ut s d e l a te ndres se e t l o n se mi t e n t et e q u e l i l l u st re ,
’ ’

H ob a r t qu i p a r a i ssa i t s i t e nd r e pou r l es be ll e s eta i t qu e lqu e ch o se d e p l u s

, ,
-

d e c c qu ell e p a ra i ss a i t T he p a s sage i s i n te res t i ng be cau se i t sh o w s u s

’
.

h o w rare w as th e ex cep ti on .
14 8 S EXUAL I NVE R S I O N .

in E ngl and an d i n A meri c a M arri age is d ec aying an d wh i l e

.
, ,

m en are all o w e d fr ee dom th e se x u al fi el d o f w om en is b ec oming

,

r es t ri ct ed t o t ri v i al flir t at ion w i th th e opposi t e sex an d to i n ,

ti m ac y w i th th e ir o w n se x ; h av i n g b een t au ght i n d ep en d en c e o f
m en an d disd ain f or th e o l d th eory wh i ch p l ace d w om en in th e
mo at ed gr an g e o f the h om e t o sigh f or a m an wh o n ev er c om es ,

a t en d en c y d ev el ops f or w om en t o c arry th is i n d ep end en c e S t i ll

fu rth er an d to fin d l o ve wh ere th ey fi nd w ork I do no t say th at .

th es e u n q u es t io n abl e infl u en c e s of mod ern m o v em en t s c an di

rec tl c u s e s ex u al in v ersio n th o u gh th ey m a indir ctl y in
y a , y e s o ,

f ar as th ey promo t e h er edi t ary ne u rosis ; b u t th ey d ev el op th e

germs o f i t an d th ey pro b abl y c au se a sp u rio u s imi t at io n Th is
, .

S p u rious imi t at io n is d u e t o the f act th at th e c o ng eni t al anom al y

o cc u rs w i th sp ec i al fr equ en c y i n w om en o f h ig h i n t ell igen c e wh o ,

v o l u nt ari l y or i n v o l u n t ari l y i n flue n c e o th ers

,
.

T he f r eq u en c y o f h omos exu al pr act i c es amo n g pros t i t u t es

is a fact o f som e i n t er es t an d c all s f or sp ec i al exp l anat io n f or
, , ,

at th e fi rs t g l an c e i t s e ems i n opposi t ion to al l th at w e k no w

,

c o n c e rn i n g th e ex c i t i n g c aus es o f h omos ex u al i ty R egardin g th e .

fact th er e c an b e n o qu e s t io n 1
I t h as b een no t ed b y al l wh o are
.

ac qu ain t ed w i th th e l i v e s o f pros t itu t e s th ough o p i nion m ay

,

di ff e r as to i t s f r equ en c y ; at B erl in M o ll w as to l d in w ell

,

i n form ed qu ar t er s th e propor t ion o f pros t it ut e s w i th Lesb i an

,

t end en c i es is ab o u t 25 pe r c en t Th is was pr ec is el y th e propor

.

t ion at Paris m an y y ears ago acc ording to P arent D u c hatel et

,
-
,

wh o in v es t igat ed th e m att er min u t el y ; t o d ay acc ording t o -

Ch ev al i e r i t is l arg er ; an d Bourn ev i ll e b el i ev es th at 7 5 pe r c en t
,
.

o f th e i n m at es o f the Parisi an v en er eal h os pi t al s h av e pract i c ed

h omos ex u al i ty In L o n don so f ar as m y i n qu iri es ex t end h omo
.
, ,

se xu al i ty am on g pro st i t u t es i s v e ry m u ch l ess prev al en t an d in a ,

w el l m ark ed f or m i s c on fi n e d t o a c omp ar at i v el y sm all s e ct ion

-
.

I am i n d ebt ed t o a fri end for the foll o w i n g n o t e : Fro m “

my exp eri en c e o f th e Parisi an pros t i t u t e I gath er th at L esb i an

,

ism i n Paris is ex t r eme l y pr ev al en t ; ind eed on e migh t al most ,

ven am ong Arab pros ti tu tes i t

1
E is fo u n d ,
a ccording t o K o h er , c
th ou gh among Arab w omen genera ll y i t is ra re .
 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N I N WO M E N . 14 9

say no m l I n
r a . p art i c ul ar,
mos t o f th e chah u t d an c ers o f the -

M o u l in R o u g e C as in o d e P aris an d the o th er publ i c b all s are

-

, ,

n o t orio u s f or g oing in c o u p l e s an d f or th e mo st p ar t th ey pr ef er
, , ,

n ot t o b e s ep ar at ed ev en in th eir mos t pro f e ss ion al mom en t s

,

w i th th e o th er sex I n L ond on the th ing is n at urall y mu ch l ess

.
, ,

o bv ious and I th in k mu ch l ess prev ale n t ; b u t i t is c ert ain ly

, , ,

no t i n fr equ en t A c ert ain nu mb er of w ell k n o w n pros t i t utes are

.
-

k n ow n f or th eir t end en c i es in thi s direc tio n wh i ch do no t h o w , ,

e v e r in t e r f er e in any m ar k e d w ay w i th the ordin ary d et ai l s o f

,

th eir pro fession I d o no t p ers on all y k no w o f a si n g l e pro st i t u t e

.

w h o is ex cl usi v e l y L es b i an ; I h av e h ear d v ag u el y th at th ere are

o ne or tw o s u ch an o m al i es But I h ave h eard a s w ell cocotte at
.

th e C orin th i an an n o u n c e t o th e wh ol e room th at sh e w as going

h om e w i th a gir l ; an d n o on e doubt ed the stat em en t H er n am e .
,

ind ee d w as g en erally c ou p l ed w i th th at o f a fif th rate act r ess

,
-
.

A n o th er w om an o f th e s am e k i n d h as a l i ttl e cl i en t el e o f w om e n
w h o b u y h er p h o t ograp h s in B u rl i n g ton A r c ad e I n the l ow er .

ran k s o f th e pro fessio n al l th is is m u ch l ess c ommon O n e o ft en .

finds w om en wh o h av e simp l y n ev er h eard o f su ch a th ing ; th ey

k no w o f i t i n r eg ard t o m en b u t n ot i n regard t o w om en ,
A nd .

th ey are for th e mos t p ar t qu i t e h orri fi ed at th e no t io n wh i ch

, , ,

th ey c o n sid e r p ar t an d p ar c el o f Fr en ch b eas tl i n ess O f c o u rs e

‘ ’
.
,

al mos t ev e ry gir l h as h er f ri end an d wh en n o t s ep ar at el y oc c u , ,

pi ed th ey o ft en S l eep t oge th er ; b u t wh i l e in s ep arat e rar e c as es

, , , ,

th is u nd ou bt ed l y m ean s all th at i t c an m ean for th e mos t p ar t , ,

S O f ar as o n e c an j u dg e i t m ean s n o mor e th an i t w o u l d m ean

,

among ordin ary girl s .

I t i s ev id en t t h at th ere m u s t b e som e radi c al c au w s f or th e

fr equ en c y o f h omos ex u al i t y among prost i t u t es O n e su ch c au s e .

doubtl ess l i es in th e ch aract er o f th e pros t i tu t e s r el ations w i th ’

m en ; the s e r el at i on s are o f a pro f ess ion al ch aract er an d as th e , ,

b u si n e ss el em en t b e c om e s emp h asiz ed th e possi b i l i t y o f s exu al ,

sat i sfact ion dimi n ish es ; at the b est al so th ere l ack s th e sens e , ,

o f so c i al equ al i ty the feeli n g o f p oss ession and s c op e f or th e eX

, ,

c rc i se of feminin e aff ect ion an d d ev o t ion T h es e th e pros t i t u t e .

“
m us t usu all y b e f or c e d to fi nd ei th er i n a bu ll y or in an o th e r ”

w om an I t is i n teres t ing in thi s c o nn ec tion t o r ec al l the c om

.
, ,
1 50 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

p arati v e f requ en c y w i th w hi ch in m en a l o ve disappoin t m ent , ,

-

w i th a w om an s er v es t o d ev el op a h omos exual t end en c y A p art .

f rom th is i t mus t b e b orn e in mind th at in a very l arge numb er ,

of c as e s th e pros t i t u te s h o w s in S l ig ht or mor e m ar k e d d egr ee

,

m any o f the signs o f n euro ti c h er edi ty o f p hysi c al and m en tal ,

“ ”
d eg en erat ion ; so that i t is al mos t poss ibl e t o l oo k u pon pros
ti tu te s as a sp ec i al h um an vari e ty anal ogous to ins t in ct i v e c rim
i n al s 1
.T h e irr eg u l ar l i f e o f th e prost i t u te th e undu e am oun t ,

o f s exual irri ta t io n an d i n dul gen c e in alc o h o l s t i ll f ur th er em

,

p h as i z e th i s un b al an c ing i n fl u en c e ; an d so w e h av e an und u e

t end en cy to h omo se xual i ty j us t as w e have i t among c riminal s , ,

an d to a m u ch l ess ex t en t among p ers o ns o f g enius and in t e ll e ct

, ,
.

As th eth ree fo ll o w ing chap te rs relate for the mos t pa r t equ a lly t o , ,

m en and t o w om en I h ave no t i n t he p re sent ch a pt er di s c u sse d t h o se

,

a s pe cts o f i n v e r s io n wh i ch are c ommon t o b o th se x es B u t I h a v e pl eas u re .

i n re c ordi ng h ere th e opi n ions o f D r K a w om a n p h y s i c ia n i n th e U n i te d

. .
,

S tat es more es p e c ia lly s inc e th ey s u b s ta nt i a ll y ac c ord w i th my ow n i nde

,

pendent resu lts R eferring t o her spec i a l inves tiga tions of se x u a l inver
.

s io n i n w om e n s h e w ri te s I ha ve a lw ay s ma i nta in ed th a t thi s phen om e

“
, :

n on wh ere v e r fo u n d in di ca te s a p sy ch i c c on di t ion wh i ch c an be p ro p e r l y
, ,

gov erne d b u t ca nn o t b e eradi ca te d I be liev e th at i t i s a condi t ion d u e

, .

t o pren at a l i n fl u e nc es po ss ib l y t o d e fe ct i v e nu t ri t io n i n i nt ra u te rin e l i fe
,
-
,

i f t h e cau se i s n o t s ti ll more re m o te It i s u nmi sta kably a S ign o f d e .

genera tio n i a the ra ce A ls o i t i s my firm be l ie f th at the afie c ti ons

.
'

ne rv o u s a n d o th er t o wh i ch th i s c o n di tion s om e t im e s l ea ds c om e a s a
, ,

resu lt o f the c o n di t ion or of t he v i ces wh i c h s ometim es a ccomp an y i t

,
.

B u t s u ch e ff e ct s a re n o t an i ne v i ta bl e res u lt O f th e eight ca se s wh i ch .

I h ave reporte d t o yo u seve n are pe r fe ctly so u n d p h y s i cally an d fou r

, , ,

are r e m a r k abl e for th e ir i n t e ll e ct u a l q u a l i ti es As t o t he val u e .

o f su gge st ion I m u st c on fess th a t th e expe rim ents a lo ng th i s li ne wh i ch

,

I h a ve w i tnes se d w e re n o t o f a na t u re to arou se any enthu si asm I n al l .

s u ch c as es I w ou l d re co mm e nd th a t t he mor a l s en se b e tr a i n e d and

T h i s poi n t o f v ie w ha s b een s pec i a lly emp h a sized b y L om b ros o and

1

h i s f oll o w e rs ; s ee L om b r os o and F e rre ro L a D onna D el i nqu ente Apar t ,

.

from thi s these a u th ors r egard h omos ex u al i ty a mong pros ti tu tes as d u e

,

t o t h e fo l l o w i ng c a u ses ( pp 4 10 et s eq ) ( a ) e x ce s s i v e an d O ft en u nn a tu r al
. .

v enery ; ( b ) c onfi nem e nt i n a pri s on w ith sep arat ion from m en ; ( 0 ) cl ose ,

a s s oc i a tion w i th t h e sa m e s e x s u ch as i s c ommo n i n b ro th e l s ;
, (d ) ma
t u ri ty and o l d ag e i nv e r ti n g t h e se c o n d a ry se x u a l ch a ra cte r s an d pre
,

d i s pos i ng t o s e x u al i n v e r s i on : ( e ) d i sgu st o f m e n pr od u c e d b y a pro s t i

tu te e profess io n c om b ine d w ith t he l ongi ng for l ov e
’
,
.
 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N I N WO MEN . 1 51

fos tered and the pers ons all ow ed to keep their ind i v idu al i ty be ing ta u ght
, ,

t o re m e m b e r a lw ay s th a t th ey are d i fl erc nt f ro m o th e rs and t ha t th ey

‘

m u st n ot i nfringe u pon t he h appi ness or rights of o th ers ra th er sa cri fic ing

,

th e ir ow n fee l ings or h appiness when necessa ry It i s goo d dis c ip li ne for

.

them and w i ll se rve i n t he long ru n to bri ng th em more favor an d aff ec

,

ti on than any o th er c ou rse T h i s qu ali ty or id iosyn c ras y i s not essen

.

ti al l y ev i l b u t i f rightl y u se d m ay pro v e a bless i ng to o th er s and a

, , ,

pow er for go od i n the li fe o f t he indi v id u al nor does i t reflect any d is

,

c redi t u pon i ts possesso r .

”
 CH A PT ER V .

TH E NA T URE OF S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

Ana lys i s o f H ist ori es R a ce H ered ity G e neral Health F i rs t

se u e—
Appearance o f H omo x a l I mp u ls S ex u a l P rec o c i ty and Hyp eresth es i a
—S u gge s t io n a nd O the r E x c i t ing Cau se s o f Invers ion—Ma s tu rb a tio n
—
A tti tu de Towa rd Wom en E roti c D ream s—Me th ods o f S exu a l R elation
s h ip — P s eu do s e xu a l A tt ra ctio n P hy s i c a l S e xu a l A b norm a l i t i e s—Ar
- —
—
t i s t i c a nd O th e r Ap t i tu des M ora l A tti tu d e o f t h e I nv e rt .

BE F O RE s t at ing b ri efly my own c on cl usion s as to th e nat ur e

o f s exual i n v e rsion I propos e t o analyz e th e fact s b ro u ght ou t
,

in the h is t ori es wh i ch I h av e be en abl e t o s tu dy 1

.

—
R A C E A ll my c as es 4 9 in numb er are Bri t ish an d A m er
, ,

i c an A n c est ry f rom the poin t o f V i ew o f rac e was n ot m ad e

.
, ,

a m atte r o f sp ec i al i n v es t ig at io n I t app ears h ow ev er th at at

.
, ,

l eas t 29 are E ng l ish or m ain l y E n gl ish ; at le ast 5 are S c o tch or

o f S c o tch ex t ract io n ; 1 is I rish an d 2 o th ers l arg el y I ri sh ; 4
h av e G erm an fath ers or mo th ers ; ano th er is o f G erm an d es c en t
on b o th sid e s wh i l e an o th er is o f r emo t e G erm an ex t ract i o n ; 2
,

are p ar tl y Fr en ch E x c ep t the pres en c e o f th e G erm an el em en t

.
,

th er e is n o th ing r em ar k abl e in th is an c es t ry I am in cl in ed t o .

th in k th at th e pr esen c e o f th e G erm an el em en t is no t acc id en t al .

A p ar t from th e fact th at the s t udy o f in v ersio n has b ee n m ain l y

c arri e d on in G erm an y w e m ay hear in mi n d th e fact w ell
, ,
“
b rought ou t in R aff al ov i c h s in teres t ing dis c u ssion o f G erm an
’

fri endsh ip th at th er e is a m ark e d t end en c y f or G erman frie nd

,
”

s h ip t o a ss u m e a s ex u ally emo t ion al w arm th .

—
H ERED IT Y I t is al ways di ffi c u l t to d eal s ec ur el y w i th th e
.

S igni fic an c e o f h e r edi t y or ev en t o es t abl ish a de fi ni t e b asis o f

,

fact s I h av e b y no m ean s e s c ap e d th is di ffic u lty f or in mos t

.
,

c ase s I h av e n ot ev en h ad an opp o r t u n i ty o f c ross ex ami n ing the -

1
Th e foll ow ing analy s is i s b ased o n som ewh a t fu ller vers i ons o f my
h i s to ri es th a n i t w as necessa ry to p u bl i sh i n th e pre cedi ng ch a pte rs as ,

w ell a s o n va riou s o th e r h i s tori es wh i ch I w as u nable to p u bli s h a t al l .

N u m e rou s a pp a ren t di s c re p an c i es m a y th u s b e e xp l a i ne d .

( 1 5 2 )
 TH E NA T URE OF S EXUAL I NVER S I O N . 1 53

subj ect s wh ose h is t ori es I hav e o bt ai ne d S t i ll th e facts so f ar .

, ,

as th ey em e rg e h av e som e i n t er es t
,
I poss ess s om e r ec ord o f .

h eredi t y i n 4 1 of my c as es O f th es e n ot le s s th an 14 as s er t th at
.
,

th ey hav e r eas on t o b el i ev e th at o th er c as es o f in v ersion h av e

oc c u rr e d in th eir fami l i es an d w hi l e in som e i t is on l y a s t rong
, ,

s u spi c ion in o th ers th er e is no do u bt wh at ev e r

,
1
I n o n e c as e .

th e r e is r eason t o s u sp ect i n v ersion on b o th S id e s E ight een S O .

,

f ar as c an b e as c er t ai n e d b el o n g t o r eason abl y h ealth y fami l i e s ;

,

minu t e in v e s t igat ion w o u l d pro b abl y r e du c e th e num b e r o f

th e s e an d i t is no t ew or th y th at e v en in som e o f th e h ealth y
,

fami l i e s th er e was o n ly on e ch i l d b orn o f th e p ar en t s m arri ag e ’

.

I n 1 7 c as e s th er e is mor e or l e ss f r e q u e n c y o f morb idi t y or ab

—
norm al i ty e cc en t ri c i t y alc o h o l ism n eur as th eni a or n er v o u s
, , ,

—
dis eas e i h on e or b o th S id e s in a ddi t ion t o in v ersion or ,

ap a r t f rom i t .I n som e o f th e s e c as e s th e in v e r t ed O ff spring

is the o u tc om e o f th e u nion o f a v e ry h ealth y w i th a th oroughly
mor b id s t o ck ; in som e o th er s th er e is a minor d egr ee o f ab
norm al i t y o u b o th S id e s .

I do no t att ach great impor tan c e to th ese r esu lt s I am .

fairly c er t ain that th oro u g h i n v es t igat ion w ou l d v ery c onsid er

abl y en l arge th e proport ion o f c as e s w i th morb id h er edi ty At .

the s am e t im e th is en l arg em en t w ou l d b e ch i efly o b tain ed b y

b ringing mi n or ab norm al i ti e s t o th e f ron t an d i t w ou l d th en ,

h av e t o b e sh o w n h o w f ar the fami li es o f av erag e or norm al p er

sons are fr ee from su ch ab norm al i t i e s T h e apo l ogist o f s exu al .

in v ersion as k s : Wh at fami l y is fr ee fr om n europ ath i c t ai n t ? A t

pr es en t i t is di ffi c u lt t o an s w er th is qu es tion prec is el y I b el i ev e .

th at a fairly l arge propor t ion o f fami l i es are free f rom su ch t ai n t ,

b u t i t s eems pro b able th at th e fami l i es t o wh i ch the in v er t ed

b el on g do n ot usuall y pres en t su ch pro fo u nd S ig n s o f n erv ous
d egen erat ion as w e w er e form er ly l ed t o su ppos e Wh at w e .

1
Th i s h eredit ary ch a ra cter o f i nve rs ion i s a fa ct of grea t s ign i fican ce ,

an d ,
a s i t o cc u r s i n case s w i th wh i ch I a m w e ll a c qu a i n ted I c a n h a v e ,

n o d o u bt c on c e rn i ng t h e e xi st en c e o f th e t e nd e n c y T h e i n fl u en c e o f s u g
.

ges tion m ay often b e en tirel y ex cl u de d es pe c ia ll y wh e n the pe rs ons are

,

o f di ff erent sex Both K ra fl t E b i ng and Mo ll h av e n oted a s imi la r

.
'
-

t e n den c y ; see e g Mo ll Kontr ar e S em i c mp flnd u ng 1899 p 364

’

, . .
, , , , . .
1 54 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

v agu el y c all e cc en t ri c i ty is c ommo n among th em ; insani ty is

m u ch rare r .

GENERAL H EAL T H — I t is p os si bl e to sp eak w i th mor e c er

.

t ai n t y o f th e h ealth o f th e indi v idu al th an o f th at o f h i s fami l y .

— —
O f th e 4 9 c as es 3 1 or ab o u t tw o th irds m ay b e said t o enj oy
,
-

goo d an d so m et im es ev en v ery good h ealth th ou gh o cc asionally

, , ,

th er e is som e s l ig ht q u al i fic at i on t o be m ad e I n 1 4 c ase s th e .

h ealth is d el i c at e or at b es t o n l y fair ; i n th es e c as e s th er e is
,

som et im es a t en d en c y t o c o n s u m p t io n an d o ft en m ark e d n eu ,

ras th en i a an d a more or l e s s u n b al an c e d t emp er am en t T h r ee .

c as e s ( N os II III XXXV ) are morb id t o a c o n sid e rabl e d egr e e ;

.
, ,

th e r e m aini n g c as e ( XXX ) h as had ins an e d e l u s io n s wh i ch re

qu ir ed t r eat m en t in an asyl u m A t l east 1 3 wh o are i n cl u d e d
.
,

amon g th os e as h av ing e i th er goo d or fair h eal th m ay b e d e ,

s c ri b e d as of e xt r e m el y n ervo u s t emp e r am en t an d i n mos t c as e s ,

th ey so d es c ri b e th emselv es ; a c er t ai n propo rt ion o f th es e at —

—
l eas t 7 c omb ine great p h ysi c al an d esp ec i all y m ent al en ergy , ,

w i th th is n er v o u sn ess ; al l th es e are d ou btl ess o f n eu ro t i c tem

p e ram en t O
. n l y 2 or 3 o f th e c as e s c an b e s aid t o b e c on s icu
p
ou sl y l ack i n g in en e rgy O n th e wh o l e th ere f ore a v ery l arg e
.
, ,

proportion o f th es e i n v er t ed i n di v id u al s are p assi n g th ro u gh l i fe

i n an u nimp ai r ed s t at e o f h ealth wh i ch en abl es th em t o do at
,

l eas t th eir fair S h are o f w or k in the w o rl d ; i n a v ery c onsid er

abl e pr o p o rt ion o f my c as e s th at w or k is o f h ig h in te ll ect u al

v al u e On ly i n 4 c as es i t w i ll b e s een or at mos t 5 c an th e gen

.
, , ,

er al h ealth b e s aid to b e dis tin ctl y b ad .

T h is r es u lt m ay p erh aps seem su rprising I t mus t h o w

, ,
.
,

ev er b e r em e mb er e d th at m y c as e s do n ot o n th e wh o l e rep re
, , ,

sen t th e cl ass wh i ch al o n e th e p h ysi c i an is u su all y abl e t o b ring

fo rw ard : i e th e se x u al in v ert s wh o are su ff e ri n g from a mor e

. .
,

or l ess sev ere d egr ee o f c omp l et e n erv ou s b reak d ow n .

F I R S T A P P EARAN C E O F H O M O S EXUAL I N S TI N C T O u t o f 4 3 .
-

c as es in 4 th e i n st i n c t v eer ed round t o the sam e sex in ad u l t

,

age ; in 3 o f th es e th e r e h ad b ee n a l o v e dis appoi n t m en t w i th a -

w o m an ; no o th er c au s e th an th is c an b e assign ed f or th e t r an si
t io n ; b u t i t is no t ew or thy th at i n at l east 2 of th es e c as es th e
s ex u al i ns t in ct is undev el op ed or morb id ly w eak wh i l e th e th ird ,
 TH E NAT URE OF S EXUAL I NVER S I O N . 1 55

i n di v idual is o f som ewh at w eak p hys i que and th e f our th has l ong ,

b ee n i n d el i c at e h ealth I n ano th er c ase ( N o XXXV ) al so

. .
,

som ewh at morb id th e d ev el opm en t was rath er mor e c omp l i

,

c at e d .

I n 3 9 c as es th e ab n orm al i n s t in ct b egan in earl y l i fe wi th ,

ou t prev ious at tract ion t o th e opp osi te sex I n 1 7 o f th es e i t .

dat es from ab ou t p u b ert y u su all y b eginni n g at s ch oo l I n 24

,
.

c as es th e tend en c y b eg an b ef or e p u b er t y : i e in 1 6 b etw een th e . .

,

ag es o f 5 an d 1 1 us u all y b e tw een 7 an d 9 wh i l e in th e o th er 8
, ,

th e ins t in c t b eg an t o m an i f es t i t s elf as ear l y as th e sub j ec t c an

rem emb er I t mus t no t b e s u ppos ed th at in th ese n u m ero u s
.
,

c ases o f th e early app earan c e o f h omos exu al i t y th e m ani fest a ,

t io n s w er e o f a sp ec i fic all y p h y si c al ch ar act er alth o u gh erect io n s ,

are n o t ed in a f ew c as e s For th e mos t p art sex u al m an i festat ions

.

at th is ear l y ag e wh e th er h omos e x u al or h e t eros ex u al are p u r el y

, ,

psy ch i c Th eir g e n er al ch ar act e r m ay b e j u dg e d f rom 3 c as e s

.

tw o in m en th e o th e r i n a w om an ( XIII XX V X L II ) i n
,
— , ,

wh i ch I h ave stat ed th e ev ol u t ion o f the i n s t in ct i n som e d et ai l 1

.

—
SEXUAL PRE C O C IT Y AND HY P E R E S T H E S I A I t is a fac t o f .

c o n sid erabl e in t er es t an d S ign i fic an c e th at i n so l arge a numb er

o f my c ases th ere w as dis t in ct prec o c i ty o f the s ex u al e mo t i ons ,

b oth on the p hysi c al an d p sy ch i c sid e s T h er e c an b e l i ttl e .

doubt th at as m any p r ev i ou s o b s er v ers h av e f ou n d in v ersion

, ,

t ends s t rongl y t o b e asso c i at e d w i th se x u al pr ec o c i t y I th i nk i t .

m ay fu r th er b e s aid th at s exu al prec o c i ty t en ds t o en c o u r ag e th e

in v ert ed hab i t wh ere i t exis t s Wh y th i s Sh ou l d b e so is o bv ious
.
,

—
i f w e b el i eve as th ere is som e reason for b el i eving th at at an —

1
Ith i s c onnect ion I m ay qu ote an ob serva tion b y Mr R a fial ov i c h
n .
’

It i s na tu ra l tha t th e i nv er t s h o u l d v e ry clearly reca ll t he pre c oc i ty of

h i s i ncl i n a t i o ns I n th e ex i s tenc e o f e v e ry i nv e rt a mom en t a rr i v es wh e n
.

h e di s c o v e rs t he en i g m a o f h i s h omos e x u a l ta ste s H e th e n cl asse s all

'

h i s re c ol l ec t ion s a nd t o j u s ti fy h im se lf i n h i s o wn e ye s h e rem e m b e rs
,

th a t he has been wh a t he i s from hi s earl i es t ch il d h ood H omo se xu al i t y .

h a s c ol ore d al l h i s you n g l i fe ; he h a s th o u gh t o v e r i t dre a m e d o v e r i t ,

—
,

re fle c te d ov er i t ve ry often i n pe rfe ct i nn oc en ce Wh en he w as qu i te .

s m a ll he im agi ne d th a t h e h a d b ee n c a rri e d o fl b y b riga n d s b y s a v age s ;

‘

a t fiv e or s i x h e dr ea m e d o f t he w a rm th o f th e ir ch es t s a n d o f th e ir
nak ed a rm s H e dre a m e d th at h e w a s th e ir S l a v e and h e l o v e d h i s s l av ery
.

a nd h i s m a s t e r s H e h a s h a d n ot t h e l eas t th o u ght th a t i s c ru d el y s ex u a l
.
,

b u t he has dis c o v e red hi s sen t im en ta l v o c a tio n

”
.
 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

ea rl y age the sexual i n s t in ct is c omp arat i v el y un di ff er en t i ated in

i ts m an i fe s t at i on s T he prec o c i o u s acc en t u at ion o f the s ex u al
.

imp u l se l eads to d efi ni te c rys t all iz ation o f the emo t ions at a

pr em at u re st ag e I t m u st b e add ed th at pr ec o c io u s s exual en ergy
.

is l i k el y t o re mai n feebl e an d th at a f eebl e sex u al en ergy ad apt s

,

i t s elf mor e easi l y to h omosex u al r el at ions h ips in wh i ch th ere is ,

n o d efi ni t e ac t t o b e acc o mp l is h e d th an t o norm al r el at io n s h ips

, .

I t is di ffi c u lt t o say h o w m any o f my c ases ex h i b i t s exu al w eak

n ess : I n 3 or 4 i t i s ev id en t an d i t m ay be susp ect ed in m any
,

o th ers esp ec i ally i n th os e wh o are an d O ft en d es c ri b e th ems elv es

, ,

as,
“ ” “
s ensi t i v e or n er v ous I n som e c as e s th er e is mark e d
.
”

h yp er esth esi a or irri t abl e w eakn ess Hyp er esth esi a simu l at es
,
.

s t rength an d wh i l e th er e c an be l i ttl e doubt that som e s exual

, ,

i n v ert s do poss e ss unus u al s exual en ergy i n o th ers i t i s bu t ap ,

p aren t ; th e fr equ en t r ep et i t ion of s emin al emi ssi ons f or eX ,

amp l e m ay b e th e r e s u lt o f w eak n e ss as w e ll as o f s t r en g th
1
.
,

I t m u s t b e add e d th at th is i rri tab i l i t y o f th e s ex u al c en t ers is in ,

a c o n sid e rabl e propor t ion o f i n v ert s asso c i at e d w i th m ar k e d em o

,

ti on al t end en c i es t o aff e ct ion an d s elf sac ri fic e I n th e e xtrav

-
.

ag an c e o f h i s aff e ct ion an d d e v o t ion as h as b ee n f r e qu e n tl y

,

o b s erv ed th e m al e i n v er t f requ e n tl y r esembl es th e normal

,

w om an .

SU GG E S T I O N AND O T H ER E X C I T I N G C AU S E S O F I NVER S I O N .

I n 1 3 o f m y c as e s —
i n ab o u t a qu ar t e r th e r e is r easo n
t o b el i ev e th at som e ev en t or sp ec i al en v ironme n t in ear l y l i f e
, ,

h ad mor e or l es s i n fl u en c e in t u rn i n g th e s ex u al i n st in ct i n t o
h omo sex u al ch ann el s or in c all ing ou t a l at en t i n v ersion I n
,
.

3 c as es a dis appoi n t m en t in norm al l o v e s eems t o h av e pro

d u c ed a pro f o u n d n er v o u s an d emo t ion al S h o ck act i n g as w e , ,

s eem b o u n d t o admit on a pr edispos ed organism an d d ev el oping

, ,

a f air l y p e rm an e n t t end e n c y t o i n v e rsio n I n 5 c as e s th e r e was

.

se du ct io n b y an O l d e r p erson bu t in at l eas t 1 or 2 o f th ese th ere

,

w as al ready a w ell m ark e d pr edisposi t ion

-
I n 5 o th er c as es eX
.
,

1
A certa in oc i a ti on b etw een se xu al w ea kn ess a n d h omosexu al i ty
a ss
m ay b e s een i n t h e h omo s e xu a l t end e n c i e s o f o l d m e n wh o no l onger ,

po ss e ss the po w er of efl ec ti ng n orm al c oi tus

‘

.
 TH E NA T URE OF S EXUAL I NVER S I O N . 157

a mp l e u s u all y at s ch oo l m ay pro b abl y b e regard ed as h av i n g

, ,

ex er t ed s o m e i n fl u en c e I t is n o t ew orth y th at in v ery f ew o f my
.

“
c ase s c an w e t r ac e th e i n flu en c e o f any d efi ni t e su gg es tion as ,
”

as s er t e d b y S c h ren c k N o t zing w h o b el i e v e s th at i n th e c au s at ion

-
, ,

o f s ex u al in v ersion ( as u n do u bt ed l y in th e c au s at io n o f ero t i c
“
feti ch ism ) w e m u s t gi v e the fi rst p l ac e t o acc id en tal fact ors o f
,

e d u c at io n an d ex te rn al i n fl u e n c e H e r ec ords th e c as e o f a l i ttl e
.

b oy w h o i nn o c en tly g az e d in c u riosi ty at th e p enis o f h is fath er

wh o w as urin at i n g an d had h is ears b ox ed wh en c e aros e a t rai n
, ,

o f th o u ght an d fe el i n g wh i ch r es u lt e d in c omp l et e s exu al in v er

sio n I n th e v ery d etai l e d h is t ory o f C as e XXV I w e h av e a
.

p arall el i n c id en t an d h ere w e see cl earl y th at the h omos exu al

,

t en d en c y al r eady exis t ed I do n ot qu est ion th e o cc u rren c e o f

.

s u ch i n c id en t s b u t I re fu s e t o acc ep t th em as supp lyi n g th e

,

c au sat i on of i n v ersio n an d in so doi n g I am su pport ed b y al l th e

,

ev id en c e I am abl e t o O bt ain I am in agreem en t w i th a c orr e

.

sp o n d en t wh o w ro t e :

Cons ide ri ng tha t all b oy s a re expo sed to the sam e order o f su g

ges t ion s ( S ight o f a m an s nak ed organ s sleeping w i th a m an b e in g
’
, ,

hand led by a m an ) a nd th a t onl y a few o f the m b ec om e sexu ally p er

,

v e rte d I th i nk i t reas onable to c on clu de th a t th os e few w e re prev io u sl y

,

c ons ti tu te d t o recei ve t he su ggestion I n fact su gges tion see m s t o pl a y .

,

e x a ctl y th e sa m e p a r t i n t h e norm a l a n d a bn orm a l a w a k en i ng o f s ex

”
.

I w ou l d go so f ar as t o ass er t th at f or norm al b oys an d girl s

—
th e d ev el op e d s exu al o rg ans o f the ad u l t m an or w om an from
th eir siz e h airin ess an d th e mys t ery wh i ch e nv el O pS th em
, ,

n ear l y always ex er t a c er t ain fasc in at ion wh eth er o f attr act ion or ,

h orror 1
Bu t th i s h as no c onn ect ion w i th h omos ex u al i t y an d
.
,

sc ar ce l y w i th s exu al i t y at al l T h u s in on e c as e kn o wn t o m e
.
, ,

a b oy o f si x or s ev en t oo k p l eas u re in c ar e ssi n g th e org ans o f

ano th e r b oy tw i c e h is o w n ag e w h o r em ain e d p assi v e an d i n

, ,

di ff eren t ; yet th is ch i l d grew up w i th o u t ev er m ani fes t i n g any

1
t c
L e ppm ann m en ions t h e as e ( ce r a i n y e x re m e a n d a n orm a ) o t l t b l f
a i l ttl e g ir o 8 l f wh
o spen the nig t ht h
idd en on th e ro o , m ere y i n ord e r f l
l v
to b e ab e t o O b se r e i n t he morn i n g t he sex u a or ga ns o a n a d u ma e l f lt l
c ou s i n ( B u l leti n d e l Uni on I n terna ti ona l e d e D roi t P ena l , 1896 , p
’
.
1 58 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

h omos ex u al ins t in ct The s eed of sugges t ion c an on l y d ev el op

.

wh en i t fall s on a s u i t abl e soi l I f i t is t o ac t on a fair l y n orm al .

n atur e the p e rv er t e d s u gg e s t ion m u s t b e v e ry po w e r fu l or i t er

a t e d an d ev e n th en i t s infl u en c e w i ll pro b abl y on l y b e te mp o rary

, ,

dis app eari ng in th e pres en c e o f th e normal s t im u l u s 1

.

I h av e th erefor e b u t l i ttl e t o say o f th e influ en ce of sug

, ,

ges t ion wh i ch h as som et im e s b een ex alt ed t o a posi t ion o f th e

,

firs t impor tan c e i n b oo k s on s ex u al in v ersi on Th is is no t b e .

c au s e I u nde r es t im at e th e gr eat p art p l ay e d b y s u gg es t ion in

m any fi el ds o f norm al an d ab n orm al l i fe I t is b ec au se I hav e .

b een abl e t o fi nd b u t f ew d ec id e d t rac es o f i t i n sexual in v ersio n .

I n m an y c as es do u btl ess th ere m ay b e som e S l ig h t el em en t s o f

, ,

s u gg est io n in d ev el opi ng th e i n v ersio n th o u gh th ey c ann o t b e ,

t rac ed ?
Th eir import an c e s e ems us u all y qu est ionabl e eve n wh en
the y are dis c ov ered T ak e S c hren c k N otz i n g s c as e O f th e l i ttl e
.
-
’

b oy wh os e ears w er e b ox ed for wh at h i s fath e r c onsid ered i m

1
I m a y ad d tha t I s ee no fu nda m en ta l irre c o nc i la b il i ty be tw een the
oi n t o f v i e w h e re a d o p t e d a n d t h e fa cts b ro u ght for w a rd ( a nd wr ongl y
p
I n t e rpre t e d ) b y S c h renc k N o tzi ng I n hi s B ei trag z u r Aeti olog i c d er '

-
.

C on tr d r er S ewua l emp flnd u ng ( V ie nna th i s w ri te r s tates ,

Th e :
“

n eu r o p a th i c di s po s i t ion i s c on ge n i t a l a s i s t h e t e n d e nc y t o pre c oc io u s
,

a ppe a ra n c e o f t h e a pp e t i t e s t h e l a ck o f p s y ch i c r es i s ta n c e a n d t h e te n d
, ,

e n c y t o i m p e r a t i v e a s s oc i a t io n s ; b u t th a t h er edi ty c a n e x te nd t o t he
ob j e ct o f the a ppe tite a n d in fl u en ce the c ontent s o f these ch a rac ters i s
, ,

no t S h o w n . P s y ch ol ogi c a l e xp e ri e nc e s are a ga i n s t i t a n d t h e p oss i b i l i ty , ,

wh i ch I h a ve s h ow n of ch a nging th es e i m pu l se s by exp eriment an d s o

,

remov i ng t h e ir dange r t o t he ch arac ter of t he in div id u a l It nee d n ot .

”

b e as s er te d th a t he re dit y e x ten d s t o th e o b j ect o f t h e a ppe ti te

“
bu t
”
,

s imp l y th a t h e re di ty c u l mi n a te s i n a n org a n i s m wh i ch i s se x u a lly b es t

sa t i s fi e d b y th a t o bj e ct It i s als o a mi sta ke t o su ppos e that c ongeni ta l
.

ch ara cte rs cann o t b e i n som e cas es l argely mo d i fi ed b y s u ch pat i en t an d

, ,

l a b o ri o u s proc e s s es a s th o se c a rri ed o n b y S c h ren c k N o tzi n g I n t h e s am e -

.

p a mphle t th i s w ri ter re fers t o m o ral i nsa n i ty an d idi ocy a s s u ppo r t ing

h i s poi n t o f v i e w It i s cu riou s th a t b o th th ese c on gen i ta l m a n i fe stat ion s
.

h a d i nd e p en de n t l y o cc u rre d t o m e a s a rgu m en t s aga i n s t h i s po s i t i o n The .

e xp e ri e n c e s o f E l mir a R e fo rm a t ory a n d Bi cetre S h ow th a t b o th th e

morall y i ns an e a nd t he idiot i c c an b e greatly improved by a ppr o pri ate
trea tm ent S c hren c k N o tzing se em s t o b e u n du ly bias ed b y hi s in teres t
.
-

i n h yp n o t i s m a n d su gge s tion .

1
I fu l l y a dmi t a s a l l i n v e s tiga t or s m u s t t h e diffi cu lt y o f tra ci ng
, ,

th e i n fl u en c e o f e a rl y s u g ge s t io ns e s p e c i a lly i n d ea l i ng w i th p ers on s wh o
,

are u n a cc u s t om e d t o s e lf a n a l y s i s S o m t im e s i t h a p pe n s e s p e c i all y i n
-
. e ,

rega rd t o e r o ti c fe t i ch i s m th a t w h i l e di rect qu es t ion i ng fa i l s t o rea ch

, ,

a n y e a rl y for m a t i v e s u gge s t io n s u ch i n fl u e n c e i s c a su a ll y el i c i t e d o n a
,

su b s e u en t o cc as io n
q .
 T II E NA T URE OF S EXUAL I NVER S I O N . 1 59

prop er c uri osi t y I fi nd i t di ffic u lt t o real iz e th at a migh ty sug

.

gest ion c an th er eb y b e g en erat ed un l ess a s t rong emo t ion exist s

f or i t t o un i te w i th ; i n th at c as e th e s eed fall s on prep ar ed soi l .

I s th e Wid e pr eval en ce o f n orm al s exual i ty d u e to th e fact th at

so m any l i ttl e b oys h av e had th eir ears b ox ed f or t aking n aught y
l ib er ti es w i th w om en ? I f so I am qui t e prep ared to acc ep t ,

S c hren c k N o tz i ng s exp l an at ion as a c omp l et e acc oun t o f the

’
-

m att er I kn o w o f on e c as e ind ee d in wh i ch an el em en t of wh at
.
, ,

m ay fairl y b e c all ed su gg esti on c an b e d et ect e d I t is th at o f a .

p h ysi c i an wh o had always b ee n on v ery fri endl y terms w i th m en ,

b u t had s ex u al r el at io ns ex cl u si v el y w i th w om en fin d i n g fair
‘

s at is fact io n un t i l th e c on fessions o f an in v erte d p at i en t on e d ay

,

c am e t o h im as a rev el at ion ; th ereaft er h e adop t ed in ve rt ed prac

t i c es an d c eas ed t o fi nd any att ract ion in w om en Bu t ev en in .

th is c ase as I und erst and th e m att er su gg es t ion m ere l y s erv ed

, ,

to rev eal h is o w n n at ur e to th e m an For a p h ysi c i an t o adop t .

th e p erv e rt ed h ab i t s wh i c h th e v isi t o f a ch an c e p at i en t sugg es t s

t o h im c an s c arc el y b e a p he n om en on o f pure s u gg est ion We .

h av e n o r eason t o s u ppos e th at th is p h ysi c i an p ract i c ed ev ery

p erv ersi on h e h eard o f from p at i en t s ; h e adop t ed th at wh i ch
fitt ed hi s own n atu r e 1
.

I m ay h er e quo t e th ree A m eri c an c as es ( n ot prev ious l y pu b

l i sh ed ) for wh i ch I am ind ebt e d to th e k indn ess o f Pro f G
,
. .

Frank L yd ston o f Ch i c ago Th ey s eem t o m e t o i ll ust rat e th e

, .

on l y k ind o f sugg est io n wh i ch do es p l ay a c ommon p art in th e

I gi v e the m in D r L yd ston s w ords :
’
e v o l u t ion o f in v ersio n . .

C AS —A m a n 4 5 ye a rs o f a g e a ttra cte d by t he a l l u si o n to my
E I .
, ,

e s sa y o n S oc i a l P e rv e rsio n c on ta in e d in the E ngl i sh translat ion of

“ ”

K ra ff t Eb i ng s P syc hop a th ia S ewu a l i s c on su lt e d m e rega rdi ng th e p os

-
’
,

s i bl e c u re o f hi s c o n di t io n T h i s indiv idu al w as a finel y edu cat ed very

.
,

i ntelli gen t m an wh o w as an ex cellen t l ingu i s t had c onsid erable m u si cal

, ,

ab i l i t y an d w a s i n t h e e m p l oy o f a firm wh o se b u s i ness w a s su ch as t o
,

Ifi nvert a cqu ire s u nde r t he i n flu ence o f ex ternal c ondit io n s

an , ,

F éré h as l a te l y w ri tt en ( L I ns ti nc t S ea u el p i t i s b e ca u s e h e
’ ‘ “
.
,

w a s b orn w i th a n a p t i tu d e for s u ch a cqu i s i t io n : a n a p t i t u d e la ck i ng i n

th ose wh o have be en s u bj e cted t o t h e sam e c ondi t ions w i th o u t mak i ng
the sam e a c qu i s i t ions
”
.
160 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

demand o n the p a rt o f i ts emp l oy ee s c on s idera ble lega l a cu m en cle ri ca l ,

a b i l i t y an d k n o wl edge o f rea l e s ta te t r a n s a ct io n s
,
-
T h i s m a n s ta te d tha t .

a t t h e a e O f p u b e r ty w i th o t n k n o wl e dge o f p e r v er s i t y o f se x u a l
g u
, a y
feel ing he w as th row n int im a tel y i n c on ta ct w i th m a le s o f more a d
,

v a n c e d y ea rs wh o too k v a rio u s m ean s t o e x c i te h i s se x u a l p a s s io n s t h e

, ,

resu lt be ing th a t p erver ted sex u a l prac ti ces w ere d evel op ed wh i ch w ere ,

c on ti nu ed for a nu mb er O f y ea rs H e th erea fte r no ti ce d an a v ers ion to

.

w om en A t t he s ol i c i ta tions o f h i s fa mil y he finally m arried w i th ou t

.
,

a ny v e ry i n t ell ig en t id e a a s t o wh a t i f a nyth ing might b e exp e cte d O f

, ,

—
h im i n the ma ri tal re l a tion Ab s o lu te im p o ten ce in deed rep u gnanc e
.
,

—
for a sso c i at ion w i th hi s w i fe w a s t h e l am enta ble sequ ence A di v or ce .

w a s i n c on te mp la t ion wh en for tu n a t el y for a l l p a r t i e s c on c e r n e d t h e w i fe

, ,

su dd en l y di e d Be i ng a m an o f more th an ordina ry in te lligence th i s i n

.
,

di v id u a l prior to seek ing my ai d had s ou ght v ai nly for so me rem e dy for

, ,

hi s u n for tu na te c on dit io n H e s ta te d th a t h e b e l i ev e d tha t th e re w a s

.

a n e l e m e n t o f h e r e di ty i n h i s c a s e h i s fa th e r h a v i n g b ee n a dip s om a n i a c
,

a nd o n e b ro th e r h av i n g di e d in sa n e H e nev e r th e l es s s ta te d i t t o b e h i s
.

O pi n io n th a t n o tw i th st a n di ng t h e h e r e di ta ry t a i n t h e w o u l d h a v e b ee n
, ,

p e rfe ctl y n or m a l fr o m a s exu a l s ta n d poin t h a d it n o t bee n f or a c qu ired-

impressions a t or a b ou t t he pe riod of p u bert y T h i s m a n presen te d a .

typi call y neu rot i c type o f p hysi qu e co mp la i ned of b e i ng in tensel y nerv ,

o u s w a s pr e m a t u re l y gra y o f o nl y fa ir s ta t u r e an d h a d a n u n c o n t ro ll a bl e
, , ,

ny s t agm u s wh i ch h e sa id h a d e xi s te d for s om e fiftee n y ea r s

, , ,
As might .

b e e xpec t ed t rea tm en t i n th i s cas e w a s o f n o a v a i l

,
I b egan th e u se of .

h yp n oti c su gge stion at th e h an ds of an exp ert pro fessiona l hypn oti st .

T h e p a ti e n t b e i ng c a ll e d o u t O f t h e S ta te fi na ll y ga v e u p t re a t m e n t an d
, , ,

I h av e no m eans o f k n ow ing wha t hi s pre sen t c ondi tion i s .

CAS E II —A lady p at i en t O f mine wh o h appe ne d to b e a n a ctre ss

.
,

a nd c o n sequ e n tl y a w om a n o f th e w orl d b rou ght t o m e for a n opi n ion ,

s o m e c orres po n d e n c e wh i ch h ad p as se d b e tw ee n h er you nge r b ro the r a n d

a m a n l i v i n g i n a n o th e r S t a te w i th wh om he w as on qu i te in tim ate
,

term s I n one o f th ese l e tters v a riou s flying trip s t o Ch i cago for t h e

.

p u rpose of m ee t i ng t he l ad wh o by t he w ay w a s onl y seventeen ye a rs

, , ,

o f age were allu d e d t o It transpired al s o as ev ide n c ed b y t h e lette rs

,
.
, ,

th a t on several o ccas ions th e you ng l a d h ad bee n ta ken o n t rips i n P u ll

m an ca r s b y hi s fri en d wh o w as a promi nen t ra i l ro a d offic i a l
,
Th e ch a r .

a cte r o f t h e c orre spo n d en c e w a s su ch as t h e a v e ra g e h e a lth y m a n w ou l d

a ddr es s t o a w om a n w i th wh om he w as ena more d It see m ed th a t th e .

au th or O f t h e c orres pon d e n c e h a d a pp l i e d to h i s b oy a ffin i t y t h e n a m e

Ci n dere lla and the prote s tations of pas s ion a te a ff e ct ion th a t we re m a de

,

to w a rd Cin derella ce rta in ly w ou ld h ave sa ti sfied t he mos t exacti ng

w om an T he you ng l ad su b sequ en tl y m ade a c on fes sion to m e an d I
.
,

p u t my se lf i n c orr es po n d e n c e w i t h h i s m a l e fr i e n d w i th t h e re su l t th a t ,

h e c a ll ed u p o n m e and I O bta i ne d a fu ll h i s to ry of t he ca se Th e m et h od .
 TH E NAT URE OF S E xU AL I N vER SI O N . 161

o f indu lgen ce in th i s case w as the u su al one o f ora l m astu rba tion i n ,

wh i ch t he l ad w as t he passi ve p arty I w as u nable t o O bta in a ny de finite .

da ta regarding t h e fami ly h i s tory O f t he eld er i ndi v idu a l i n th i s case ,

b u t u nder st an d th a t th e re w a s a ta i n t O f i nsa ni ty i n h i s fa mi l y H e .

h im se lf w as a rob u s t fin e l ook ing m a n a b ov e middle ag e wh o w a s w ell

,
-
, ,

e d u ca t e d a n d v e ry i n t e ll ige n t a s h e ne c e s sa ri ly m u s t h av e b e e n b e c a u se
, ,

O f t h e promi n en t po s i t ion h e h e l d w i th an impo rta n t ra i lw a y c omp a ny .

I w i ll s ta te a s a m atter O f i nt e re s t tha t the l a d i n th i s ca s e wh o i s

, , ,

n o w tw e nt y th r ee y ea r s O f ag e h a s r e c e n tly c o n s u l te d m e for i mp o ten ti a

'

'
-

m ani fes t i ng a frigidi ty for w ome n and from the yo u ng m a n s

' '

coc u nd i
’
, , ,

s ta te m e nt s I a m c onv i nced tha t he i s w ell o n the road t o c onfir me d

,

se x u a l pe r v e rs io n .

An i nteres t i n g poin t i n th i s c o nn ec tio n i s th a t t h e yo u ng m a n s

’

s i s te r t he a ctre ss a l r ea dy a ll u de d t o ha s re c e ntl y h a d a n a tt a ck o f a c u te
, ,

m an i a .

I h a ve h ad o the r u n p u b l i sh ed cas es th a t might b e O f i nte res t b u t ,

thes e tw o a re s omewha t cla ssi c a l an d typi fy to a greater or le ss degree ,

t h e m ajori ty O f o th e r ca se s I w i ll h ow ev er m ention one other case

.
, , ,

o ccu rri ng i n a w om an .

S —
CA E III A m arrie d w om a n 4 0 y ea rs O f ag e H as b een dese rte d
. .
,

b y her h u sb and b e ca u se O f he r p erv e rte d se xu a l i ty N eu ro ti c h i story .

o n b o th s id e s O f t h e fa mi l y a n d s e v e r a l c a se s o f i n s a n i ty o n mo th e r s s id e
’
, .

I n th i s ca se affi ni t y for t he sa m e sex a nd p erv e r te d d es ire for t h e oppo s i t e

s ex e xi s te d a c om b i n a t io n b y n o m ea ns
, infrequ ent H yp n oti c su g .

ges tion t ried b u t w ith ou t s u cces s Cau se w a s ev id en tly su gges tio n an d

, .

e x a mp l e o n t h e p a r t O f a n o th e r fe m a l e p e r v e r t w i th wh om s h e as s o c i a t ed

be fore m arriage Marriage w as la te a t age O f 35

.
,
.

I n all th es e c as es th er e w as an el em en t o f wh at m ay b e c all ed
su gges t i on b u t i t w as reall y m u ch more th an th is ; i t w as prob
,

abl y i n each c as e ac t i v e s e d u ct io n b y an e l d er p er s o n o f a pr edis

pos ed y oun g er p ers on I t w i ll b e ob s erv ed th at i n each c as e th er e

.

w as at t he l eas t an o rgani c n eu ro t i c b asis f or sugg es t io n an d

, ,

s edu ct io n t o w ork on I c ann o t r egard th ese c as es as en t i tl ed to

.

modi fy th e att i tud e I h av e h er e t ak en U p .

—
MA S T UR B A T I O N M oreau b el i ev ed th at m ast urb at ion w as a
.

—
c ause o f s ex u al in v ersion an d Kraff t Eb i n g l oo k s upo n i t as l ead
,

i n g to al l s or ts o f s exu al p e rv ers ions ; D r C ono ll y N orm an i s o f .

th e s ame O pini on M oll emp hat i c all y d eni es th at m as t urb ation

.

c an b e th e c au s e o f in v ersi on th ough admi tt ing th at i t m ay s e r v e ,

t o s t r ength en i t w h en al ready exis t ing I h av e mys elf m ad e sp e .

11
1 62 S E xU AL I N vER SI O N .

c i al inqu iri es on th i s poin t an d am o f th e sam e opinion T h at

, .

m ast urb at ion espec i ally at an earl y age m ay en feebl e the s exual
, ,

act i v i t i es an d so pr e di spos e th em t o in v e rsi on I c e r t ai n l y b el i ev e

, ,
.

B u t b ey o nd th is th ere is l i ttl e in th e h is t ory o f my m al e c as e s to

l ead m e t o atta ch import an c e to m as t urb atio n as a c au se of i n
v ersion I t is t ru e that 2 5 ou t o f 3 0 admi t th at th ey h av e prae
.

—
t i c ed m ast urb at ion at al l ev en t s o cc asion ally or at som e p eriod
, ,

—
in th eir l i v es an d i t is pro b abl e th at th is propor t ion is l arger
,

th an th at fo und amo n g norm al p eop l e E v en i f so h ow eve r i t .

, ,

is no t di ffic u lt t o acc o u n t f or b eari ng in mi n d th e fact th at the

,

h omos ex u al p ers on h as no t th e s am e opport u ni t i es as h as th e

h et eros ex u al p ers o n t o grat i fy h i s ins t i n ct s an d th at m ast urb a ,

t ion m ay som et im es l egi tim ate l y app ear to h im as th e l ess er o f

tw o ev i l s N o t on l y has m as turb at ion b een pract i c e d at no
.
1

p eriod i n at l ea s t 5 o f th e c ases ( f or c on c erning s ev eral I h av e no

i n f orm at io n ) b u t in sev eral o th ers i t was n ev er p ract i ce d u n t i l
,

l o n g aft er th e h omos exual inst in c t had app ear ed an d th en o n l y ,

o cc asion all y I n 5 i t was on ly pract i c ed at p u b er ty ; in 5 h o w

.
,

ev er i t b eg an b ef or e the ag e o f pu b e r t y ; 9 l eft O ff b ef or e ab ou t
,

th e ag e o f tw e n t y U n f or t u n at e l y as ye t w e h av e l i ttl e d efi
.
, ,

ni t e evid en c e as t o the p rev al en c e and e xt en t O f m ast urb at i on

amo n g n orm al indi v idu al s .

A mo n g th e w om en m a t urb at i on is f o u n d in at l eas t 3 c ases

s

ou t o f 5 I n on e c as e th er e w as n o mas turb at ion un t i l c omp ara

.

ti v el y l at e i n l i f e an d th en o n l y at r ar e i n t erv al s an d u n d er
,

e x ce p t io n al c ir c u ms t an c e s I n an o th er c as e som e y ears aft er the

.
,
.

h omos exual att r act io n h ad b een exp eri en c e d i t w as pract i c ed , ,

th o u gh n ot in ex c ess fro m th e age o f p u b erty for ab o u t fo u r

,

y ears an d th en ab an do n ed ; d u rin g th es e y ears the p h ysi c al sex

,

u al f ee l ings w er e mor e imp er at i v e th an th ey w e r e aft e rw ard f elt

t o b e I n a th ird c as e m ast u rb at io n w as learn ed s po n t an eou sl y

.

O ne o m y s u j e s
1
f rite s : b ct w
n ert s a re , I v
i n , na u ra y more I th k t ll
l bl l lf
i a e t o i nd u ge i n se g rat i fic a t i on an norm a peo p e , p ar y e a u se
-
th l l tl b c
t l
O f t h e p e rpe u a su ppress io n a n d disa ppoi n m en Of t
e ir des i res , an d a s o t th l
b c
e a u se o f
t he a f ct h t th
t a c ll
e y a t u a y po ss e s s i n t e m se es t h e d e s ir e d h lv
f l h l ttl
orm O f the m a e T i s ide a i s a i e di ffi u o e xp ana ion , b u t y o u
. c lt f l t
l
c a n r e a di y im a gi ne t wh t f
o a renzie s O f se a u s e a n orm a m an ou d lf b-
l w l
ll
be im pe e d su ppos ing th t cl
a h e in u d ed i n h i s o w n the orm O f th e f emal e f .
 TH E NA T URE OF S EXUAL I NVER S I O N . 163

so on aft er p u b er ty an d p ract i c ed in ex c ess b ef or e th e m ani fes ta

,

t ions o f in v ersi on b ec am e d efi n i t e I n all th es e c as es th e sub j ec t s

.

are emp h at i c in as s er t i n g th at th is pr act i c e n e i th er l e d t o n or ,

w as c aus e d b y th e h omos ex u al att ract ion wh i ch th ey re gard as

, ,

a mu ch h igh e r f eel ing an d i t mus t b e add e d th at th e o cc asion al

,

pract i c e o f m as t urb at ion i s v ery f ar f rom rare among fairly nor

m al w om en 1
.

Wh i l e th is is so I am c er t ai n ly in cl in e d t o b el i ev e th at an
,

e ar l y an d som ewh at ex c essi v e i n d u l g en c e i n m ast u rb at ion th o u g h ,

no t an adequat e c aus e is a fav orin g c ondi tion f or th e d ev el op

,

m en t o f in v ersion an d th at th is is esp ec i all y so i n w om en T he

,
.

s ex u al prec o c i ty i n di c at e d b y early an d ex c essi v e m as t urb at ion

doubtl ess r ev eal s an organism al r eady predispo sed to h om os ex
u ali ty . B u t ap art f rom th is wh en m ast urb at io n arise s spon t an e
, ,

ou sl y at an ear l y ag e on a p u r el y p h ysi c al b asis i t se e ms t o t end

t o prod u c e a di v orc e b e tw een th e p h ysi c al an d th e psy ch i c asp ect s

o f s exual l o v e T h e s ex u al m ani fest at ions are all di v er t ed in t o
.

th is m at eri al direc ti on an d th e ch i l d is ignoran t th at su ch ph e

,

n om en a are norm all y all i e d t o l o v e ; th en wh en a mor e spiri t u al

att r act ion pro b abl y t o a p erson O f th e s am e sex ap p ea rs w i th

, ,

ado l esc e n t d ev e l opm en t th i s di v or c e is p erp e t u at e d

,
I ns t ead o f .

th e p h ysi c al an d psy ch i c f eel ings app eari n g t ogeth e r whe n th e

age f or s ex u al att r act ion c om e s the p h ysi c al f e el ings are pr em a
,

tu rely tw ist ed f ro m th eir n at ural en d an d i t b ec om e s ab n orm all y ,

e asy f or a p er son of th e s am e sex t o s t ep in an d t ak e th e p l ac e

righ tfully b el onging t o a p erson o f the op p o si t e sex T h i s h as .

c ert ai n l y s eem ed to m e the c o u rs e o f ev en t s in som e c as es I h av e

O b s e rv ed .

A TT I T UDE T O WARD TH E O P P O S I T E S E X — I n 8 c ases ( o f

wh om 2 are m arri ed an d o th ers p u rposing to m arry ) th ere is
s e x u al att r act ion t o b o th s ex e s a c o n di t ion u su all y c all e d
,

psy ch os ex u al h e rm ap h rodi t ism I n su ch c as e s alth ough th er e

.
,

is p l easure an d s at is fact i on in r el at ionsh ips w i th b o th s ex e s ,

1
I do not h ere ente r u pon t he cons ide rat ion of the norm al p reva l en ce
and s ig ni fic an ce o f m as tu rb a t io n a nd a ll i e d ph e n om e na a s I h a v e d ealt ,

w i th th i s su b j e ct i n t he s tu dy o f A u t o e rot i s m i n v o lu m e ii O f t h ese
“ -
”
,

S tudi es .
1 64 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

th e re is usu all y a gr eat e r d egr ee o f sat is f act ion in c onn ect ion
w i th on e sex M os t o f my psy ch os exu al h e rm ap h rodi t e s pr efe r
.

th eir own sex I t is c u rio u s ly r ar e t o find a p erson wh e th e r

.
,

m an or w om an wh o b y ch oi c e e x e r c is e s r e l at ionsh ips w i th b o th
,

s ex e s an d pr e fe rs th e opposi t e sex Th is w o u l d s ee m t o indi c at e

.

th at psy c h os exu al h e rm ap h rodi t e s are reall y simp l e in v ert s .

I n any c as e psy ch os exu al h erm ap h rodi t ism me rges imp er

c epti b l y in to simp l e in v ersion I n 1 2 o f 3 5 c ases o f simp l e i n
.

v ersion i n m en th ere has b een c onn ect i on w i th w om en in s om e ,

ins t an c es on l y on c e or tw i c e in o th ers during s ev eral y ears b ut i t

, ,

w as alw ays w i th an e ff or t or f rom a s ens e o f d u t y an d anxi et y t o

b e norm al ; th ey n ev er exp eri e n ce d any real p l easur e in th e ac t ,

or s en s e o f s at is fact ion aft e r i t Tw o o f th es e c as es are m arri ed

.
,

b u t in b o th c as es m ar it al rel at ions h ips en t ir el y c ease d aft er a

f ew y ears T h r ee o th er c as es w ere att ract ed t o w om en wh en
.

younger bu t are no t no w ; ano th er on c e fe lt s exually att ract ed

,

to a b oyis h w o m an b u t n ev e r m ad e any att emp t t o O btain an y

,

r el ationsh ips w i th h er ; 1 or 2 o th ers again h av e t ri ed to h av e , ,

c onn ection w i th w om en b u t fai l ed The l arg es t propo rt ion o f

,
.

my c as es h ave n ev er had an y s exu al int im ac y w ith th e opposi te

sex b u t exp eri en c e wh at in th e c ase of th e m al e in v ert is som e
, , ,

t im es call ed horror fem i nw B u t wh i l e w om an as an O b j ect o f

.
,

s ex u al d esire is disg u s ting to th em and i t is usual l y d i fli c u lt f or

,

a ge nui n e i n v ert t o h av e c onn ect i o n w i th a w om an ex c ep t b y

se tt ing up im ag e s o f h is ow n sex f or the mos t p art th ey are

,

c ap abl e o f g enuin e fri endsh ips irr es p ect i v e o f sex ,

.

I t is pe rhap s no t diffic u l t to acc o u nt f or th e h o rro r mu ch

, ,
—
s t rong er than th at n ormall y fel t t o ward a p ers on o f the same sex
— w i th wh i ch the i n v ert O ft en regards th e s exual organs o f p er
sons O f the opposi t e sex I t c anno t be s aid th at the s exual organs
.

o f eith er sex unde r th e influen c e O f s ex u al ex c i t em en t are esth et

i c all y p l ea si n g ; th ey o n l y b e c om e emo t ion all y d e sir abl e th rough
th e p ar all el ex c i t em en t o f th e b eh ol d e r Wh en the ab s en c e of .

p ar all el ex c i t em en t is acc omp ani ed i n th e b eh o l d er b y th e sen s e

o f un fam i l iari t y all the c ondi t ion s are pr esen t for th e pr od u c
,

t ion o f in t ens e horror fem i nw or horror m as cu lis as the c ase m ay ,

be .
 TH E NAT UR E OF S EXUAL I N V ER S I O N . 1 65

—
E R O T I C D REAM S Our dreams f o ll ow as a gen eral ru l e the , ,

sam e imp ul s es th at s t ir our w aki ng psy c h i c l i fe T h e norm al .

m an i n s exu al vigor dreams o f l o v ing a w om an th e in v erte d ,

m an dreams o f l o vi ng a m an the in v ert ed w oman o f l ovi ng a

,

w oman T h ere are a f ew ex c ep tion s an d th es e are ge n eral l y

.
1
,

exp l i c abl e b y th e su b j ec t s p ast o r pr esent exp e ri en c es

’
I n one .

c ase that I hav e b ro u ght f orw ar d th e ev o l u t i on and v arying

ch arac t er o f the ero t i c d r eam s is re c orded in som e d e t ai l ; in this
c ase th ey b eg an in a ru dim entary f orm at the early age of eight ;
in tw o o th er c ases dreams O f more or l ess s exual ch aract er be gan
st i l l earl i er O f my c ases onl y 3 s tat e that th ere are no ero t i c
.
,

dr eams wh i l e 23 ack no wl edg e th at th e dr eams are c on c ern ed

,

more or l e ss w i th p ersons o f the s am e sex O f th e s e at l eas t .

,

1 4 ass e r t or imp ly th at th e ir dr eams are e x cl u si v el y o f th e

sam e sex . T w o ( XV II an d X V III ) th ough app ar en tl y i n
,

v e r t ed c ong eni t all y h av e h ad e ro t i c dreams o f w om en in th e

, ,

c as e o f X V I I mor e f requ en tly th an o f m en ; th e s e tw o ex c ep

t ions h av e no app aren t e xp l an at ion A no th e r app ears t o h av e
.

s exu al dr eams o f a night mar e ch aract e r in wh i ch w om en app ear .

I n ano th er c as e th e r e w er e alw ays at fi rs t dr eams o f w om en ,

b u t t hi s sub j ect had som et im e s had c onn ect i o n w i t h pros t i

tu tes an d is n ot ab so l u t e ly indi ff e r en t t o w om e n
,
I n th e c as es .

o f di s ti n ct psy ch os exu al h e rmap h ro di t ism th e r e is no u na

ni mi ty : o n e dr eams o f hi s own s ex ano t h e r dr e ams o f b o th
,

se x e s
,
o n e usu all y dr eams o f th e opposi t e s e x an d o n e m an , ,

wh i l e dr eam in g o f b o th dis l i k e s th os e dr eams in wh i ch w om en

,

fi gur e .

I t m ay b e add ed th at as M oll has p o in t ed ou t th e v i v idn ess

, ,

w i th wh i ch the in v e rt ed in st i n ct usu al ly disp l ays i tself in dreams

has som e v al u e in diagnosis wh en w e are no t qui te sure h o w f ar
th e in ve rt e d t end en c y is radi c al T h ere i s usual ly l ess unwi ll ing
.

n ess t o c on fess to a p er v ert ed dr eam than t o a p erv erted act ion .

M E TH O DS O F S EXUAL R ELAT I O N S H I P — The e xact mod e in.

w hi ch an in v erte d ins tin ct find s sat is fact ion is f requ en tly o f i m

Nacke and Co l in S c ott independently re fer to cases i n wh i ch nor

m al su bj ec ts are l iabl e t o inv e r ted drea m s and F éré me n ti ons a c ase in
,

w hi ch the in v ers ion a ppea re d t o b e l imi t ed t o dream s .

166 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

por t n f rom
a ce th e
m di c o l egal t nd poin t ; f rom a psyc hol og
e -
s a -

i c al s t and point i t is o f mino r signi fic an c e b ei n g ch i efly o f i n

-

terest as sh ow ing th e d egr ee t o wh i ch th e indi v idual has d ep ar t ed

from the inst in ct i ve f eel ings o f h is norm al f ell o w b eings -
.

Tak ing the 3 1 in v er ted m en o f wh om I h av e d efi ni te kno wl

edg e I fi nd th at 6 r es t rain ed b y mor al and o th e r c o nsid e rations
, , ,

h av e n ev er had any p h ysi c al rel at i on sh ip w i th the ir own sex I n

,
.

1 1 or 1 2 c as es th e s exu al r el at io n sh ip rar el y go es b eyond cl os e

p hysi c al c ont act or at mos t m u t ual m as t urb at ion I n 3 or 4
, .

c ases fellati o is th e f orm preferr ed I n 1 3 cases a large propor .

,

n,
—
t i o act ual p cedi c ati o usually ac ti v e n ot p as si v e— has b een ex ,

erc i sed . I n th ese c ases h o w ev er pwd i cati o is b y no me ans alw ays

, ,

the h ab i t u al or ev en th e pr ef e rre d m eth od o f g rat i fic at ion It .

seem s t o b e the pre f err ed m e th od i n ab ou t 6 c as es Th e propor .

t ion o f p ed erast s i n th is group o f s exual in v ert s is l arger than I

sh ou l d h av e b een i n cl in ed t o exp ect 1
.

PS EU DO S EXUAL A TT RA C T I O N
- — I t is som et im es suppos ed
.

th at in h omos ex u al rel at ionsh ips o n e p erson is always ac ti ve ,

p hysi c all y an d emo t ion ally th e o th er p as si v e B etween m en

,
.
,

at al l e v en t s th i s is v ery f requ en tl y n ot th e c as e an d th e i n v ert

, ,

c an n ot te ll i f h e f eel s l i k e a m an or l i k e a w om an T h us on e .
,

wri t es
I n bed w i th my fri en d I fee l a s h e fee l s and h e fee l s as I feel T h e ,
.

resu lt i s m as tu rb a tion and n o th i ng more or des ire f or more on my p a rt

,
.

I g e t i t ove r too as s oon as poss ible i n order to com t o the b s l ee p

, ,
e ,
e t —
i ng a rm s rou nd e a ch o th e r or t a lk i n g so
”
.
,

I t r em ains t r u e h o w ev er th at the re m ay u suall y b e t rac ed

, ,

wh at i t is possibl e t o c all ps e u d o s exu al att r act ion b y wh i ch I -

m ean a t end en c y f or the in v ert to b e at tract ed t o ward p ers ons

u nl i k e h ims elf so th at in h i s s exu al re l at ion sh ips th er e is a c er
,

t ain s em bl an c e o f s exu al oppo si t ion I n v er ts are no t usu all y .

att r act e d to on e ano th er al th o u g h th e re are n u m er ou s ex c ep

,

t io n s t o th is rul e am ong in v ert ed m e n p erh ap s few er among i n ,

—
v ert ed w om en I n at l eas t 1 8 prob ab l y m any more o f my
.
—

I bel i ev e th at a w ide r i ndu ct ion O f case s w o u l d m od i fy t he resu l t .

In t he fi rs t e di t io n O f th i s b oo k I f o u n d th a t i n mo re th a n h alf t he c a se s ,

in wh ich the point c ou l d be ascer ta i ned p wd i cati o had ta k en p lac e ,

.
 TH E NA T URE OF S EXUAL I NVER S I O N . 167

m al e c ases th ere is a m ar k ed c on t rast b etw een the subj ect an d

th e i n di v id u al s he i s att racte d t o ; e i th er h e i s o f som ewh at f em
inin e an d s en si t i v e n at u re an d admir es m ore simp l e an d v iri l e
,

n at ur es or he is fair ly v igorous an d admires b oys wh o are o ft en

, ,

o f l ow er so c i al cl ass I n v ert ed w om en al so are att racte d t o mor e

.

cl i ngi n g f e mini n e pe rso n s 1

A s exual att r act io n f or b oys is n o
.
,

dou bt as M o ll poi n t s ou t th at f orm of in v e rsion wh i ch c om es

, ,

n ear es t t o no rm al s ex u al i t y f or the subj ect o f i t u su all y ap,

ro ac hes n ear e r t o th e ave r ag e m an in p hysi c al an d m e n t al dis

p
po si t ion T he r eason o f th is is o bv i ou s : b oys res embl e w om en
.
,

an d th er ef or e i t r e q u ir es a l e s s pro f o u nd org ani c tw i st t o b e c om e

s ex u all y att ract e d t o the m A nyo n e w h o has w atch ed pri v at e

.

’
th eat ri c al s in b oys s ch oo l s w i ll h av e o b s er v ed how easy i t i s for
b oys t o p erso n at e w om en su cc ess fu ll y an d i t is w ell kno w n th at ,

u nt i l th e midd l e o f th e se v en t een th c en t u ry w ome n s p art s on th e ’

—
s t age w er e always tak en b y b oys wh e th e r w i th inj u ry t o th eir
'

o w n or oth er p eop l e s m oral s I do n o t k n ow I t is al so w orth y

’
.

o f no t e th at in Gr eec e wh er e h omos exu al i t y flourish ed so ex

,

ten si v el y an d app aren tl y w i th so l i ttl e acc omp an im en t o f n eu

,

ro t i c d e g en erat io n i t w as o ft en h el d th at o n l y b oys u n d er 1 8
,

sh o u l d b e l o v ed ; so th at th e l o v e o f b oys m erg ed i n t o the l o v e o f

w om en A b o u t 1 1 o f my c ases are most st ron g l y att ract ed t o
.

—
you th s preferably o f ab o u t the age o f 1 8 t o 2 0 and th ey are
,
— ,

among th e mor e nor m al an d h e alth y o f th e c ase s A pr efer en c e .

f or o l d er m en or el s e a c on sid e rabl e d egr ee o f i n di ff eren c e t o age

,

al on e is mor e c ommon an d p er h aps i n di c ate s a d e ep e r d e gr ee o f

, ,

p er v ersio n .

Pu tt i ng asi d e th e age O f the o b j ec t d esired i t m u s t b e sai d ,

th at th ere is a di st i n ctl y g en eral th ou gh no t u n i v ersal t en d en cy , ,

for sex u al i n v erts t o appro ach the femin in e t yp e ei th er i n p sy ,

ch i c disposi t io n or p h y si c al c ons t it u t ion or b o th I c ann o t say ,

.

h ow f ar th is is exp l ain ed b y th e irri t abl e n erv o u s sys t em an d d el i

c at e h ealth w h i ch are so o ft en asso c i at ed wi th i n v ersion th ough ,

Me n rem a rk s Q ten d t o fall i n l o ve w i th b oy s or you th s b oy s

,
.
, ,

or y o u th s w i th grow n m e n femi nine n atu res w i th v iril e na tu res and

,

vi c e ver s a c u lt u r ed n a t u re s w i th u n e d u c a te d a nd v i c e vers a an d di ff e r
, ,

e nt rac e s w i th ea ch o th er
”
.
 168 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

th is is c ert ai n l y an imp o rt ant fac tor A lth oug h th e in ver t him .

s elf m ay s t ou tly affirm h is mas c u l ini ty and alth ough th is f em i ne ,

i ty m ay not b e v ery o bv ious i ts w ide preval en c e m ay b e assert e d,

w i th c on sid erabl e as suran c e an d b y n o m ean s on ly am ong the ,

sm all minori ty o f inv ert s w ho t ak e an ex cl usi v ely p assi v e r61e ,

th oug h in th es e i t i s usu all y mos t m ark ed In th is I am c on .

fi rm e d b y Q who w ri t es : I n al l or c ert ainl y al mos t al l the

.
“
, , ,

c ases O f c ong eni t al m al e in v er t s ( ex cl udi ng p sy ch os exual her

m aph ro d i tes) th at I kn ow th er e has b e en a r em ar k able s ensi t i v e
n ess an d d el i c ac y o f s en tim en t symp ath y and an in t ui ti v e hab i t , ,

o f mind su ch as w e gen erall y asso c iat e wi th the fem inine sex

, ,

ev en th ough th e b ody mig ht b e qui t e m as c ul in e in i ts f orm an d

h ab i t .A nd a dist inguish ed i n v ert said t o M o ll : We are al l

“

”
w om en ; th at we do n ot d eny .

T h i s i s c o nfirm e d b y o ne O f m y su bj ec ts M N wh o w ri tes : W i th , . .
,

rega rd to t he inver t p er s o na lly sp ea k ing from m y ow n exp e ri ence whi ch

, ,

ha s bee n c o ns id er able I ca nn o t agr ee w i th t h e opin ion O f sev er a l w ri ter s

,

th a t i nv ers ion exi s ts i n any v ery v arying degree To m e i t a ppears tha t .

t he fe m al e e l em e nt m u s t O f ne ce ss i ty ex i s t i n t h e b ody th at d es ires t he
, ,

m a le and th a t N a tu re keep s her l a w i n the s piri t th ou gh she brea ks i t

, ,

i n t h e f orm T h e re s t i s a ll a m a tt e r O f in di v id u a l te mp era m en t and

.

e nv iron m en t The fe m a l e na tu re O f t h e i nv e rt h a mp ere d th o u gh i t i s b y

.
,

i t s disgu i se o f fl es h i s s ti l l a bl e t o ex er t a n ex t r a ordi na ry i n flu enc e a nd

, ,

ca l ls i ns i sten tl y u pon t he m a le T h i s infl u enc e se e m s calle d int o a ction

.

mo st v io lentl y i n the pre se nc e of m ales pos ses sed O f strong sex u a l m ag

n e ti s m O f th e ir o w n S u ch m e n a re gen e ra ll y m o re or l ess c ons c io u s O f
.

th e i n fl u en ce an d t h e res u lt i s e i th e r a v agu e a ppre c i a tio n wh i ch w i ll

, ,

m a ke t he m a le w on de r wh y he ge ts on s o w ell w i th the i nve rt or el se ,

t he i nfl u en ce w i ll b e r ea l iz e d t o b e s om e th i ng i nc on g ru ou s and u nn a tu ra l ,

a n d w i l l b e res e n te d a c c ordi ngl y S om e tim es i n de ed th e r ec ipr oc a te d

.
, ,

fee l i ng ( c ir cu m stance and O ppor tu ni ty p ermi tti ng ) w i l l prove s trong

e n o u g h t o i n d u c e s e x u a l re la t io n s R easo n w i ll th en genera l l y o v erpo w e r
.

i ns tin ct and th e feel ing a rou se d u naw are w i ll prob ably b e ch anged in to
, , ,

rep u ls ion F u r th er t h e i nfl u enc e rea cts i n t he sa m e w ay on w om en wh o

.
, , ,

p arti cu l arly i f th ey are strongly sexu a l exp eri ence inv olu ntary se nsa tions ,

o f di sl i ke or an tag on i sm on as s oc ia tio n w i th i nv e rt s T here i s h ow ever .

, ,

one t erri bl e re a l i ty for t h e i n v e r t t o fa ce no m a tt e r h o w m u ch h e m a y ,

w ish to av oid i t and seek to de ce i v e h im self T h ere exi sts f or h im an .

a l m os t a b s o l u te l a c k o f any ge nui ne sa ti s fa ctio n e i th e r i n t he w ay o f t he

a fiec t i o ns or d e s ires H i s wh ole l i fe i s p ass e d i n v a i nl y see k i ng a n d d e

'

.
 TH E NAT URE or S EXUAL I N V ER S I O N . 1 69

s iring the m ale th e an tit hesis O f h i s na tu re and i n c onsort ing w i th in

, ,

v er ts he m u s t pe rfor ce b e content w i th t he ma le i n form on ly t he sha do w ,

w i thou t t he su bs tance In deed o ne i nv e rt ne ce ssari ly r egards anothe r

.
,

a s b e ing O f t h e sa m e u n d es ire d fem al e se x as h i m self and for th i s reaso n ,

i t w i ll b e f ou nd tha t wh i le friend sh ip s be tw een i nv er ts frequ ently exis t

,

( an d th ese are c h arac t eri st i ca l l y femin i ne u ns tab le a nd li ab l e to b e , ,

t ray a l ) l ov e a tta ch m en ts are l ess c omm o n a nd wh en t h e y oc c u r m u s t

,
-
,

na tu ra ll y b e b a se d u pon c on s ide ra bl e s e lf d ec e p t ion V ena l grat i fic a t i ons

-
.

are a lw a y s o f c o u rse a s equ a ll y po ss i bl e as th e y a re u nsa t i s fa ctory an d

, , ,

h ere pe rha p s s om e o f th e p ecu li a ri ti es o f ta s te a cc ompanyi ng in v ersion

m ay a dmi t O f e lu c ida tion I n my O pin ion c omp ari s on O f t h e v a rio u s
.
,

me th od s O f gra ti fica tion as pra ct i c ed b y i nverts i s o f li ttle va lu e for

theoreti ca l or o ther pu rposes The wh o le qu es tion i s m ere ly one O f tem
.

p e ra m e n t fr e,q u en tl y e v e n O f O ppor t u n i t y I n c o n s id e ri ng t h e p ec u l i a r
.

pre di le ct ion s h ow n b y inv erts f or you ths of in fe rior s o c ia l p os i t ion for ,

t he w ea rer s O f u n i form s and for e x tr em e p h y s i c a l d e v e l opm en t an d

,

Viri l i ty not ne ces sari ly acc omp an ie d b y inte llec tu ali ty reg ard m u st be ,

h a d t o t h e prob a bl e c ond u c t O f w om en p l a c e d i n a pos i t ion o f c omp l ete

irrespons ib i li ty co m b ined w i th a b s olu te free dom O f ac tion an d eve ry
O p po r tu n i ty for promi s c u i t y I c an h ones tly as se rt tha t I h av e neve r
.

com e a cross any p ecu l iari ty ten di ng t o pro ve any diff erent th eory t o the
one I am tryi ng to d e mo ns t r a te It seem s to m e tha t th e importa nce O f
.

recognizing t h e u nd erlyin g female elemen t i n i nve rs ion cann ot be too

s t rong ly i n s i s te d u po n .

T h e m ajori ty ! O f i nverts ] wr i tes Z to m e di ff e r in no d e ta i l

“ ” “ ”
.
, ,

of the ir o u tw ard a ppe a ran ce thei r p hysi qu e or the ir dress from norm a l
, ,

m en . T h ey are a thleti c m a scu l ine in hab i t fr an k i n m ann er pas s ing

, , ,

th rou gh so c ie ty y ea r a fter year w i th ou t a rou s ing a su s pi c io n O f th eir

i nn er te mpe ra m en t ; w ere i t n ot so soc ie ty w ou l d lo ng ag o h ave had i ts ,

ey es O p e n ed to t h e a mo u n t o f p e r v e r t ed s e x u a l i ty i t h a r b ors T h ese ”
.

li nes we re w ri tten no t i n oppo s i tion t o the s ome wha t su btle di s tin ctions
,

pointed ou t ab ov e b u t i n re fu ta t i on O f t h e vu lga r error wh i ch c onfu ses

,

t h e typi ca l i nv er t w i th t h e pa i n te d a nd p e tti c o a te d c rea t u res wh o appe ar

i n po l i ce c ou r ts from t im e t o t im e an d wh o se por t ra i ts are presente d b y
-
,

L om b ro s o L eg l u d i c et c
, O n an o th e r o cca s ion t h e sa m e w ri ter re ma r ked
,
.
,

whi le expre s s i ng ge ne ra l agreem ent w i th the idea o f a p seu do sex u a l -

a ttra ct io n : T h e l i a i s on i s b y no m ea ns alw ay s s o u g ht a nd b egu n b y t he

“

pe rson wh o i s a bn orm ally c ons ti tu te d I m ea n th a t I c a n c i te cas es O f .

dec ide d m a les wh o h ave m ade u p t o i nv erts and h av e fou n d th eir h a ppi ,

n es s i n t h e r ec ipro c at e d p as s i on O ne pron ou n ced m al e o f th i s s or t ag a i n

.
,

once sa id t o m e m en are so m u ch more a fiec t i onate th an w om en

,
‘ '

! P re c i sel y th e sa m e w ord s w ere u sed b y one O f my su bj ec ts ] Als o th e .

,

li ai s on spri ngs u p no w and th en qu i te a c c iden ta lly th ro u g h j u x ta po s i t io n ,

wh en i t is diffic u lt to say wh e th er ei the r at t he ou tse t had an in ve rte d

170 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

tendenc y o f a ny m arked qu a l i ty I n th ese cases th e sex u a l re lat ion seem s

.

t o c ome on as a he ighten i ng O f c omra del y a ff e ctio n and i s fou n d t o be ,

p leasu rable—s om e times I th i nk di sc o ve red t o b e s a fe as we ll a s sa ti s

, ,

f y i ng . O n t h e o th e r h an d s o f ar as I k no w i t i s ex tre me l y r a re t o
, ,

O b se rv e a p erm an e n t l i a i son b e tw een tw o pro n o u n c e d i n v e rt s

”
.

I n in v erte d w om en a c e rt ain s ubtl e masc u l init y or b oyish

n ess is equ al l y prev al en t an d i t i s no t f ou n d in the w om en t o
,

wh om th ey are att ract ed Ev en in i n v ersion th e imp erat i v e n eed

.

—
for a c e rt ain sex al oppo s i t ion the l ong ing f or s om eth ing wh i ch
u

—
the l o v e r h im se lf doe s n o t po sse ss s t i ll ru l es in fu ll f or c e It .

expr e ss es i t s elf som et im e s in an att ract ion b etw een p e rs ons of

d i fieren t rac e an d c o l or I am to l d th at in A m eri c an pris ons f or

.

w om en L esb i an r el at ions h ips are sp ec i all y fr eq u e n t b etw een

wh i t e and bl ack w om e n A s imil ar affini t y is f o u n d among th e
.

A r ab s s ays K o ch e r ; an d i f an A rab w om an h as a L esb i an

, ,

fri e nd th e l att e r is us u all y E u rop ean I n C o ch i n Ch in a t oo

,
.
, ,

acc o rdi n g t o L orio n wh i l e th e Ch i n e s e ar e ch i efly act i v e p e d e r

,

a s t s th e A nn ami t e s are ch i e fly p a ssi v e

,
.

I n th is c onn ect io n I m ay r ef er t o the s t rong att ract ion

wh i ch is ev en norm ally ex ert e d b y p eop l e o f a d i fierent so c i al
cl ass f rom the sub j ec t an d al so on m an y i n di v id u al s b y u n i
, , ,

f orms .

P H Y S I C AL AB N O RMAL I T I E S T h e c ir c u m s t an c e s u n d er
.

wh i ch my c as es w ere i n v es t igat ed u su al ly r end er ed in f orm at ion

und e r th is h ead di ffic u lt t o O bt ain I n o n e c as e th e p en is is v ery
.

l arge wh i l e in tw o oth e rs i t is dis t in ctl y und e v el op e d an d th e

, ,

t est i cl es sm all an d flabb y I t s eems pro b abl e th at b o th the se

.

d ev i at ions are fairl y fr eq u en t esp ec i all y i n th e dir ect ion o f i n

,

c omp l et e d ev el opm en t .

Perh aps the mo st i n te r est ing p h ysi c al ab norm al i t y o b s erv ed

i n my c as e s is th e fair l y w e ll m ar k e d gyn e c om a s t y i n C as e XXX
-
.

I n th is c as e th e b r east s sw ell ed an d b ec am e red ; a simi l ar c on

di t ion o f gyn ec om ast y h as b een O b s erv e d i n c on n ect ion w i th i n
v ersi on b y M o ll L auren t an d Wey
, ,
.

M y O b s ervat ions on w om en are t oo f ew t o p ermi t O f any

ass u r ed r e s u lt b u t I am di stin ctl y o f O pinion th at u nd ev el op e d
,

s exual organs are fr e que n t among in v ert ed w om en Pu tt ing t o .

 TH E NAT UR E OF S EXUAL I NVER S I O N . 17 1

geth er 9 c as es b y vario u s o b s erv ers ( in cl udi ng 2 ori gi n al o b s erv a

t io n s ) in wh i ch att en t ion was p aid t o the sexu al p ar t s on ly 4 ,

w ere norm al ; the o th er 5 w er e al l more or l ess un de v el op ed , , .

I n on e of th e w om en th e r e is an un u su al gr owth o f h air on th e
l egs .
1

A t en d en cy to d efect o f an at omi c al s exu al deve l opm en t i s

k no w n t o b e c orrel at ed w i th a g en eral t en d en c y t o what i s t erm ed
in fan t i l ism an d al so t o f em i n i sm and m asc u li sm I am mu ch
,
.

impress ed b y the f re qu e n c y w i th wh i ch th e signs o f in fan t i l i sm

in the g en eral b odi ly st ru ct ure o cc ur in in v ert s 2
.

I t s eem s t o m e on a r ev i ew o f al l the fact s that h av e c om e

,

und er my o b s er v at io n th at wh i le th er e is no n ec essary c onn ec

,

t ion b e tw ee n in fan t i l ism femini sm an d m asc u li sm p h ysi c al an d

, , ,

psy ch i c on the on e h an d an d sexu al in v ers io n on the o th er yet

, , ,

th at th er e is a dis t in c t t en d en c y f or the sign s o f the f orme r gro u p

o f ab n orm al i t i es to o cc u r w ith u n us u al f requ en c y i n i n v ert s an d ,

wh i l e I am no t in a posi t ion to b ring fo rward a suffic i en t b ody of

ev id en c e in suppor t o f th is opini o n I h av e l i ttl e do u bt th at i t ,

w i ll b e f or thc oming in the fu t u re 3

.

U nu su a l g ro wth ha ir o n t h e b ody see m s frequ ent ly t o o ccu r i n

of
b oth sexes i n ass oc i a tion w i th e ith er ab norma l sex u al imp u l s e s or i n
e x c ess i v e l y s t ro n g n o rm a l imp u l s e A w oma n p h y s i ci an i n the U n i te d .

S ta tes wh o k n o w s m an y i nv e rt s o f h er o w n se x t e ll s m e th a t s h e h a s
, ,

O bse rv ed th i s gro wth O f h a ir o n t h e l egs I n tw o cases a l s o s he h as .

, ,

o b s e rv e d s u pe rn u m e ra ry t ee th a n d s he fi n d s fac i al a s ymm e t ry v ery c o m

,

m on .

F m era tio n a nd stu dy O f th e s e s ign s see a n a bl e a nd w ell

o r a n e nu
I ll u s t r a te d se ri es O f p a p e r s ( wh i ch do n o t t o u ch o n t he pre s e n t q u e s ti o n )
b y H Meige L I n f an ti l is m e le F émi n is m e et l es H erm ap h ro dites An
.
,
“ ’
, ,

tiqu es L Anthrop ologi e 1895 I n t he P os t gra d ua te ( e di ted b y D r

,
’
,
.
-
.

D ana N e w Y or k ) for J anu a ry 1896 th er e a re al s o p h o t ogr a p h s o f tw o

, , , ,

m en ( fo u r V i e w s O f fa c e a nd b ody O f ea ch ) wh o e a r ne d th e ir l i v i ng o ne ,

as a l a dy s m a id t h e o th e r a s a fe m a l e c oo k ; th e se p h ot o g ra p h s a re w e ll
’
,

w or th stu dy th ou gh u n a cc omp ani e d b y h i sto ries

,
.

It i s cu riou s t o find a medi c o l egal rec ord O f th i s c o nne ctio n l o ng -

be fore i nv ers ion w as rec ognized I n J u ne 1833 ( s ee for exampl e Annu a l .

, , ,

R eg i s ter u n d e r th i s d a te ) a m an di e d wh o h ad l i ved as a k e p t w om a n
,
.

u nd e r t h e n a m e O f E l iz a E d w a rd s H e w as v e ry e fl e m i n a te i n a p pe a ran c e
'

.
,

w i th be a u t i fu l h a ir i n ri ngl e ts tw o fe e t l o ng a nd a c r a ck ed v oi c e ; h e
, ,

p laye d fem al e p art s i n t he th e a ter i n t he firs t l i ne O f t ragedy a nd “

.
”

a ppe a re d a s a m o s t l a dy l i k e w om an T h e c oron er s j u ry s tro ng l y

-
” ’ “
.

re c omm e nd e d t o t h e prope r a u th ori ti e s th a t s om e m e a n s m a y b e a dop t e d

i n t h e di s po sa l O f t he b od y wh i ch w i ll m ar k t h e ign omi n y O f t he c rim e .

Kra fit E b i ng ( P syc hop a thi a S em li s e ighth ed i t ion p 2 63 ) t e ll s

'
-
.
, ,
1 72 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

I f we are jus t i fi ed in b el i ev ing that th ere is a t end en c y for

in v er t ed p erso n s to b e som ewh at arr es t ed in d eve l opm en t ap ,

roac hi ng th e c h i l d t yp e w m a c o nn e c t th is f act w i t h th e
p e y ,

m ark ed sexual pr ec o c i ty o f in v ert s for pr ec o c i ty is c omm on ly ,

acc omp an i e d b y r apid arre st o f d ev el opm en t .

A c orresp on den t wh o h im se lf an inv er t fu rnishes the foll ow ing

,
is ,

n o t es O f c a s e s he i s w ell a c qu a i nt e d w i th ; I qu o te the m h ere as they ,

i ll u s tra te the a nom a l i es c ommonly fou nd

l A m a le eld es t ch i ld o f typi ca ll y neu ro ti c fam i l y Th ree chi l
. .
, , .

dren i n all 2 m a le and 1 fema le T he oth er 2 are s ome wh a t eccent ri c

: .
,

u ns o cial a nd
, s e x u a ll y f ri gid l in a m ar ked degree Th e cur io u s , .

p oi n t a bo u t th i s c ase i s t h a t A t h e o n l y o n e o f t h e f a mi l y po s s
.es s
,
e d
o f m en ta l ab i l i ty and s o c ia l qu al i fica tions sh ou ld be in verted P a ren ts , .
’

m arriage w a s v ery il l a ss or ted an d in h a rmon iou s the fa th er being of grea t ,

s ta tu r e an d t he mo th e r a b n orma lly s m a l l a nd o f h i g hly ne r v o u s tempe ra

m ent b o th o f feeb le hea l th Ances try u nfor tu na te es pe c ially on mo th er s

, .
,
’

s id e .

2 B . m ale inv ert you nge r o f 2 sons no o th er ch i ldren has ex

.
, , , , ,

t rem el y femi n i ne di s pos i t i on a nd app earan ce O f c ons id erable pe r sonal ,

a ttra ct io n ha s gr e a t m u s i c a l ta l e n t
,
P en i s v e ry sm a ll an d m ar ke d b reas t .

devel opment .

3 C . m a le in vert yo u nger o f 2 s o n s ; n o o ther ch i l dren In te rva l

.
, , , .

of six years b e tw ee n firs t and se c on d so n P aren ts m arri age one O f grea t .

’

a ff ec t ion b u t d egene ra te a nc es t ry o n mo th e r s s ide C anc er and s c ro fu la

’
, .

i n fa mi l y .

4 D . ma le inve rt se c ond ch i ld o f 6 ; r ema i nde r g irls O f hu m ble

.
, , , .

s o c i a l po s i t ion Cons iderable depra v i ty ev in ce d b y al l the mem bers o f

.

th i s fa mil y w i th th e e x cep t io n o f D wh o al o ne pro ved stea dy h o nest

, .
, , ,

and i n d u s tri o u s .

5 E . m ale i nve rt se cond so n of fami l y o f 3 the you nges t ch i ld

.
, , , ,

b e ing a g ir l s ti ll b orn O f e xt re me neu ro t i c temperam en t fostered b y

,
-
.

u p b ri ng i ng E fiem i na te i n b u i l d a nd di s po s i tio n ; m u s i ca ll y gi fte d

'

. .

6 F . male i nv ert sec on d ch i ld O f famil y of 5 El des t ch i ld a girl

.
, , , .
,

d ie d i n you th A fte r F a boy G a girl H and an other g ir l st i ll b orn

. . .
, .
,
-
.

P a ren ts b ad l y m a tc h e d m o th e r o f c on s idera b l e m en ta l an d p h y s i c a l
,

O f inverte d p h y s i ci an ( a m an O f m as c u l ine dev el opment and ta s tes )

an
wh o had had sexu a l relat ions w i t h 600 more or less i nver ted m en H e O h .

serve d n o t en den c y t o se x u a l m a lfo rm at io n a mong th e m b u t v e ry f rs ,

qu en tly an approximation t o a femin ine form of b ody a s w ell as i ns u ffi ,

c ien t h air deli cate c omplexion and h igh v oi ce Well devel ope d b reas ts
, , .
-

w e re not rare and s om e 10 pe r cent sh owe d a taste for fe minine oc cu pa

,
.

t i on s .
 TH E NAT URE OF S EXUAL I NVER S I O N . 173

s t rength fath er la s t repre sen tat i ve o f mo ribu nd s t ock the resu lt o f inter
, ,

m a rri age Ch i l dren al l res embli ng fa th er i n app ea ran ce and moth er i n

.

di spos i ti on D ri nk tendency i n b o th b oys t o wh i ch F s dea th at th e ag e

.
-

,
.
’

O f 3 0 w a s m a i nl y d u e G co mmi tte d s u i c ide so m e ye ar s la ter

. . The girl .

H m arri ed int o a fami ly w i th w orse an cestry th an h er ow n H as tw o

. .

ch i ldren :
7 I and J b oy a nd g ir l b o th i n ve rted as f a r as I am a ble t o
. .
,

j u dge The b oy w as b orn w i th som e de formi ty of t he fee t and ankles ;

.

i s o f e ff e min ate ta s tes a nd app ea ran ce Boy res embles m o th e r and girl .
, ,

wh o i s of great p hy s i ca l d evel opmen t resembles fa ther .

Th e sam e c orre spon den t a dds

I have not i ce d l i ttle ab n orm al w i th rega rd to the geni ta l forma tion
“

o f i nve rts T h ere are h oweve r frequ en t abnorm a l i ties o f propor tion i n
.
, ,

the ir figu res th e h an d s and feet bei ng no ti ceabl y s m alle r an d more

,

s h apel y the w a i s t more m arked t h e b ody so fte r an d less m u s cu l a r

, , .

Almos t invariabl y th e re i s either c ran i al m alform a tion or th e h ead a p

p r oa c h e s t h e f emi n i n e i n t yp e an d s h a p e .
”

A R T IS T IC AND O ER A TH of my P TI T —
UDE S An ex aminat ion .

c ases rev eal s the in t eres t ing fact th at 3 2 or 6 8 p er c en t po ssess , .

,

ar t is t i c ap t i t ud e in v arying d egr ee G alt on f ound from th e i n .

,

ves ti gati on o f n ear l y 1 000 p ers o ns that the av erage Sh o wi n g ,

ar t is t i c t as t es in E ngl and is on l y abo u t 3 0 p er c en t I t must al so .

b e said th at my fi gu res are pro b abl y b el o w th e t ruth as no sp ec i al ,

poin t was mad e of in v es t igat ing the m att er an d al so th at i n ,

m any o f my c as es th e art is t i c ap t i t u d es are o f h igh orde r .

Wi th reg ard t o th e sp ec i al av o c ations o f my c ases i t m u s t , ,

o f c ours e b e said th at no o cc u p at ion f urnish es a safeguard

,

ag ains t in v ersion T h er e are h o w ever c er tain o cc up at i ons t o

.
, ,

wh i ch in v erts are sp ec i all y att ract e d A ct ing i s c ert ain l y on e o f .

th e ch i e f o f th ese T h ree o f my c ases b el ong t o th e dram at i c

.

pro fessi on and o th ers h av e mark ed dramat i c ab i l i ty A rt again

,
.
, ,

in i t s v arious f orms an d musi c ex er c is e mu ch att ract ion I n my

, ,
.

e xp e ri en c e h o w e ve r l i t erat ur e is th e av o c at ion t o wh i ch in v er t s
, ,

s eem to feel ch iefly c all e d and th at moreo v er in wh i ch th ey m ay , , ,

fi nd th e h igh es t d egree o f su cc e ss an d r epu t at i on A t l east h alf .

a doze n o f my c as es are su cc ess f u l m en o f l ett ers T hey esp e .

c i al ly c u lt i v at e th ose region s o f belles lettms w hi c h l i e on th e b or -

d er l and b etw een prose an d v ers e T h ough th ey d o no t usu all y

-
.

att ain mu c h emin e n c e i n po etry th ey are o ft en ve ry ae c om ,

1 74 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

p l i sh e dw ri t ers o f v ers e T h ey m ay b e att ract ed to h ist o ry bu t

.
,

do no t u s uall y att em p t t ask s of gr eat m ag n i t ud e in v o lv ing mu ch ,

p at i en t l ab or S c i en c e se em s t o h av e singu l arly l i ttl e att ract ion

.

f or th em an d i n E ngl and at all ev en t s I d o n ot k n ow and h ave

, ,
.

, ,

no t ev en h e ard o f any in v er t w h o h as att ai n e d any d egr ee o f

,

emi n e n c e in th is fi el d A mo ng d oc t ors ind ee d in v ersion seems

.
, ,

t o b e fairl y l i abl e t o o cc ur ; 4 o f my c as es are do ct o rs 1

.

Th e t end en c y t o dr am at i c ap t i t u d e am on g se xu al i n v er t s has
att ract e d t h e att en t i o n o f pr ev io u s i n v est igat ors in th is fi el d .

T h us M o ll r efers t o the f requ en c y o f art i st i c an d esp ec i ally

, ,

dr am at i c t al en t am ong in v ert s and re m ar k s th at the c au s e is

, ,

do u btful A ft er poi n t ing out th at th e l i e wh i ch th ey h av e t o b e

.

p erp et u all y l i v ing r end ers in v ert s always act ors h e g oes on t o ,

Apar t from th i s i t s eem s t o m e th a t t he cap a c i ty and the i ncl i na

,

t i on to c on ce iv e s i tu a tions and to repre sen t th em i n a mas terly m anner

c orrespo nds to an ab norm al predi s po s i tion O f t he nerv ou s sys te m j u s t ,

a s doe s se x u a l i n v e rs io n ; s o th a t bo t h p h e n om en a a re d u e t o t h e s a m e

s ou r c e .

I am in agr e em en t w i th th is s t at em en t ; th e c ong en i t all y i n

v ert ed m ay I b el i ev e b e l oo k ed u pon as a cl ass o f indi v id u al s
, ,

ex h i b i t ing n e r v o u s ch ar act ers wh i ch t o som e ex t en t ap p rox i , ,

m at e th em t o p ersons o f artist i c ge nius T he dram at i c an d .

ar t is t i c ap t i t u d e s o f in v e rt s are th er e f or e p artl y d u e t o th e c ir
, ,

c u m stan c es o f th e i n v er t s l i f e wh i ch r en d e r h im n ec e ss ari l y an
’

Mo ll ’
s e xperien ce
rmany i s very s imi la r to mi ne H e m e n
in G e .

t ions t he prevalence O f i nv e rsion a mong l i te ra ry m en H e als o rem ark s .

th a t O f a ll a v o ca tio n s t he h ighe s t proport ion o f i nve r ts i s f ou nd a mo ng

, ,

m al e a cto rs and m u si c h all art is ts wh o ta k e w om en s p ar ts J itger ( i n

-
’
.

a n u n p u bl i s h ed ch a p te r o f h i s E n td ec k u ng d e r S eel e pri n te d i n J a hr ,

b ii c h f ur S ewu el l e Z wi s c hens tu f en B 2 p 108 ) m e n t i o ns t he fre qu en c y

'

. .
, ,

of h omose x u a l i ty a mong b arbe rs and w a i te rs I h av e be en t ol d th a t .

a mo ng L o ndo n h a ir dr es s e r s h omo s e x u a l i t y i s s o pr e v a l e n t th a t th ere i s

-

e v e n a s p e c i a l a tt i t u d e wh i ch t h e cl i e n t m a y a dop t i n t h e ch a ir t o m a ke

k n o w n th a t he i s a n i nv e r t I n Ch i cag o a l s o D r K i e rn a n i n form s m e
.
, ,
.
,

i nv e rs i on i s S p ec i a lly preval en t am ong ba rbe rs Moll re fe rs to i ts f rs .

qu eney a mong w a i tresses I h av e n o i n forma tion rega rdi ng L ondon

.

w ai tresse s b u t I h av e re ce i ved the h i s tory O f a h omosexu a l w ai tress from

,

S ydney N e w S o u th Wal es
, .
 TH E NA T URE OF S EXUAL I NVER S I O N . 175

act or,— and i n som e fe w c as es l ead h im in t o a l o v e o f d ec ep t io n

—
c omp arabl e w i th th at o f a hys t e ri c al w o m an an d p ar tly i t i s , ,

pro b abl e to a c o ng eni t al n er v ous pr edi spo si t io n all i ed t o th e pre

,

disposi t ion to d r amat i c ap t it ud e .

o f my c orresponden ts has l o ng b een inte reste d i n the frequ enc y

O ne

of i nvers ion a mong a ct ors and a ctress es H e kne w an i nver te d a c to r wh o .

to ld him h e adopt ed the profess ion becau se i t w o u l d enable h im t o

i n d u lge his p rocl iv i ty ; b u t o n the wh o le he regards th i s tendency as
, ,

d u e t o h i th e r t o u n c on sid e re d im a gi na t i v e fl ex i b i li t i es a nd c u rio s i t i e s i n
“

t h e i ndi v id u a l Th e a ctor ea: hyp o thes i i s one wh o w orks h im se lf b y

.
, ,

s ym p a th y ( i n tell e ctu a l a n d e mo t io na l ) i nt o s ta t e s o f p s y ch o l ogi c a l b ei ng

tha t are n o t hi s o w n H e learns to comprehend na y t o l i ve h im sel f

.
— ,

into —rela t ions wh i ch w ere origi na lly a lien to hi s nat u re T he c ap a c ity .

— —
for doi ng th i s wh a t m a ke s a b orn a ctor imp l i es a fac u lty for ex te nd
i ng h i s a r t i st i c a ll y a cq u ire d e xp e ri en c e i nt o l i fe I n t h e pro c ess o f h i s .

tra de there fore he be c om es at al l poi nts sens it iv e to h u m a n emo t ions

, , ,

a n d se x u a l i ty b e i ng t h e mo s t i nte ll e ct u a ll y u nd et e rmi ne d o f t he app e t i t e s

,

a ft e r h u nge r t he a ct or m ig ht di s c o v e r i n h im se lf a s or t o f s e x u a l i n d i ff e r
,

e nc e o u t O f w h i ch a se x u a l a b e rra tio n c o u l d e a s i l y a ri se
, A m an dev oid .

o f th i s im agina ti v e fl e xib i l i ty c ou ld no t b e a su cc ess fu l a ct or T he m an .

wh o po s sesses i t w o u l d b e expo se d t o div aga tion s of t h e se xu a l i ns ti nct

u n d e r e s th e t i c a l or m e r e l y w an to n i n fl u en c e s S om e th i ng O f t h e sa m e .

k i nd i s app l i cabl e to m u s i ci ans and arti s ts i n wh om sex u al i nvers ion ,

preva i ls beyon d th e av e rage T h e y a re c ondi tioned by th e ir es th eti ca l

.

fa cu lty a nd e n co u r age d b y t he c ir c u m stan ce s o f their l i fe t o feel and

,

e xpr ess t h e wh o l e ga m u t o f e mo t io na l e xp e ri e n c e T h u s they get an .

e n v iro n m en t wh i ch ( u n l e s s th e y are s h a rp ly o th er w i se d i fiere nt i a t ed )

'

leads eas i l y to expe rime nt s i n p ass ion All th i s j oin s on t o what you .

ca ll t he vari a tiona l di a thesi s O f m en o f gen i u s B u t I sh ou ld see k the

‘ ’
.

e xp l ana t io n O f t h e p h en ome n o n l e s s i n t h e origi na l s e x u a l c o ns t i t u tion

th an i n t he ex erc is e O f s ymp a th e ti c ass imi la ti v e emo tional qu al it i es , ,

pow er fu lly st im u la te d a nd a cted on by t he c ondi tions o f th e indi v id u al s ’

l i fe The a rt i st th e s i nge r t he a ct or th e p a i nter are more expo sed t o

.
, , , ,

t he i n fl u en c e s ou t O f wh i ch s e x u a l di ff ere nt i a t ion i n a n ab n orm al dirc e

t ion m ay ari se S o m e p ers o ns are ce rta i nl y m ade ab norm al b y natu re
.
,

o th e rs O f th i s s ymp a th e t i c a r t i s ti c te mp e r a m ent m a b e c o m e so th ro u g h
, y ,

t h e ir s y m p ath i e s p l u s th e ir c o ndi t ion s o f l i fe It i s possi ble the re m ay ”

.

b e s om e el em en t O f t ru th i n th i s v i e w wh i ch my c orre spo nd en t rega rde d ,

a s p u re l y h ypo th e ti ca l .

In t his c o nn ection I m ay p erh aps m en t io n a moral qu al i t y , ,

wh i c h i s v ery o ft en asso c i at ed w i t h dram at i c ap t i t ud e and al so ,

 176 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

w i th minor d egr ee s o f n er v ous d eg en erat ion an d that is v ani t y ,

an d th e l o v e o f app l aus e Wh i l e among a c onsid erabl e s ect ion

.

o f in v er t s i t is no t more m ar k ed th an among th e non i n v ert ed -

,

i f no t ind eed l ess mar k ed among ano th er s ect ion i t is f ound

, , ,

in an ex agg erat e d degr ee In C as e XXX V III v ani t y an d d e .

l ight i n adm ir at ion b o th as r eg ar ds p erson al qu al i t i e s an d

,

art is t i c produ ct ions r each an al mos t morb id e x t en t

,
A nd th e .

quo t at ions f rom l e tt ers w ri tt en b y v arious o th e rs o f my subj ect s

s h o w a c urious c omp l ac en c y in th e d e s c rip t ion o f th e ir p erson al
p hysi c al ch ar ac t ers m ar k edl y ab s en t in o th er c as e s
,
.

mos t m a rke d pre o ccu pa tion w i th pe rs ona l b eau ty wh i ch I have

The
see n r e c ord e d o f a n i nv e r t o cc u r s i n t he h i s tory of h im se lf w ri tte n b y a

you ng Ita l ia n o f good fa mily a nd sen t by h im to M Z ola i n t he h ope

, .

—
i ts e lf a S ign of v a ni ty tha t t he di s tingu is hed n ove li s t w ou l d m ake i t t he
s u bj e ct o f o n e o f h i s w or k s The h i s tory i s re prod u c ed i n t he Arc hi ves
.

d Anthrop o logi e C ri mi ne l le P ervers i on

’
and i n Dr L a u pts ct
’
( 1894 ) . s

P erver s i té S eamel les I qu ote t he follo w ing passage A t the age :

“

of 18 I w a s w i th f ew di ff eren ces wh at I am no w ( a t
, ,
I am ra the r
b el o w th e m ediu m he ight m e tre s ) w ell prop or tioned slend e r b u t , , ,

n o t l ea n My t ors o i s s u pe rb ; a sc u lp tor c ou l d find n o th ing ag a ins t i t

.
,

a n d w ou l d n o t fin d i t v e ry di ff e re n t from th a t o f A n t i no ti s My b a ck i s .

v e ry a rch e d ( cam bré) p erha ps t oo mu ch so ; a nd my h ips are v ery

,

dev e lop ed ; my p e lv i s i s b road l i ke a w oman s ; my knees sl ightl y ,

’

a ppr o xim a te ; my feet are sm a ll ; m y h and s su perb ; the fingers cu rve d

b ack and w i th gli steni ng na i l s ros y a nd pol i shed c u t squ arely l i ke th ose
, ,

o f an ci en t sta tu e s My ne ck i s long and rou nd t he na pe cha rmingly

.
,

a dorn e d w i th d o w n y h a ir s My h ead i s ch a rmi ng a n d a t 18 w as more

.
,

SO Th e ov a l O f i t i s p e r fe ct an d s t ri ke s a l l b y i t s i nfa n t i n e form
.
,
At .

23 I am t o b e ta k e n f or 1 7 a t mo s t My c omp l e xio n i s wh i te a nd ro s y
.
,

deep en i ng a t t h e fa i ntes t e mo tion The foreh ea d i s no t b eau t i fu l ; i t .

re ce des s l ightly a nd i s h oll ow a t t h e temple s b u t fortu na tel y i t i s h alf , , ,

c ov ere d by l ong ha ir o f a dark bl on de wh i ch cu rl s n atu ra lly The h ead

, , .

i s p e r fe ct i n f orm b e c au se O f t h e c u rl y h a ir b u t o n e x a mi na tio n th e re
, ,

i s an e no rm o u s pro tu b e ran ce a t t h e oc c ip u t My e y e s are ov al o f a gray .

,

blu e w i th dark ches tnu t eyel as hes and th i ck a rch ed eyeb row s My eyes
, ,
.

a re v e ry l i qu id b u t w i th d a r k c ir cl e s a n d b i s te re d ; a n d th e y a re s u b j e ct
, ,

t o sl ight tempora ry in fl amma tion My mo u th i s fa ir ly large w i th th i ck .

,

re d l ip s t h e l o w e r p e n d e n t ; th e y t ell m e I h a v e t h e A u s t ri a n mo u t h
, My .

teeth are dazz l i ng thou gh th ree are dec a yed an d sto pped ; fortu natel y
, ,

they cann ot b e seen My ears are s m all and w i th v ery c ol ored l obes My
. .

c h in i s v ery f a t and at 1 8 i t w as s mo o th an d v e lv e t y as a w o m an s ;
’
, at
 TH E NAT URE OF S EXUAL I NVER S I O N . 177

prese n t there i s a sl ight bea rd a lwa ys sh av ed Tw o beau ty s pots bla ck

, .
,

a nd v e lv e ty o n my l eft ch eek c o n t ra s t w i th my bl u e ey es
, ,
My n ose i s .

t h i n a nd s tra ig ht w i th del i cat e n o st ri l s an d a S l ight al mo s t i ns ens i bl e

, ,

cu rv e My v oice i s gentle and peo p le a lways regret tha t I ha ve n ot

.
,

lea rn ed t o si ng T h is descrip tion i s no te w orth y as a de ta i led por tra i t

.
”

o f a sex u a l in ver t of a certa in t ype ; the wh o le h i story i s interes ting and

i ns tr u c ti v e .

C ert ain p ec ul i ari t i es in t ast e as r egards c ost um e hav e rightl y

—
or w rongl y be en att rib ut ed t o in v ert s ap ar t from the t end en c y ,

—
o f a c er tain group t o adop t f eminin e h ab i t s and m ay h er e b e ,

m ent ion ed Tardi eu m any y ears ago r eferred t o th e t ast e for

.

k eeping the n eck un c o v ere d T h i s p ec u l i ari t y m ay c ert ainl y b e

.

O b s er v e d among a c onsid er abl e propor t ion o f in v ert s esp e c i all y ,

th e mor e art is t i c among t h em T h e c aus e do es no t app ear t o b e

.

pre c is el y vani t y so mu ch as that p hysi c al c ons c iousn ess wh i ch is

so c urious l y m ark ed in in v er t s an d indu c es th e m ore feminin e
,

among th em t o c u lt i v at e f eminin e grac e o f f orm an d th e mor e ,

m as c u l in e t o emph asiz e the m as c u l in e athl et i c h ab i t .

I t has al so bee n r em ark ed th at in v er t s ex h ib i t a pr ef er en c e

for gr een garm en t s I n R om e ci n aed i w ere for th is r eason c all ed
.

g a lb a n a ti . Ch e v al i er r em ar k s th at som e y ear s ago a b and o f

p ed erast s at Paris w or e gr een c ravat s as a b adge Th is d ec ide d .

preferen c e f or green is w ell m ark ed in s ev eral o f my c as es o f b o th

s ex es an d i n some at l eas t th e prefer en c e c er tain l y aros e spon
,

tan e ou sl y Gr een ( as Jastrow an d o th ers h av e s h o wn ) is v ery

.
‘

rar el y th e fav ori t e c o l or o f adu lt s o f th e A ng l o S axon rac e -

,

th ough som e inquir ers h av e f ound i t t o b e more c ommonl y a

pr eferred c o l or among ch i l dr en esp ec i all y gir l s ,
.

T h e fr equ en t in ab i l i t y o f m al e in v er t s t o wh is tl e w as fi rs t
po i n t ed ou t b y U l ri c h s Many O f my c ases c on fess t o th is i n
.

ab i l i t y wh i l e som e o f th e w om en in v ert s c an w h istl e admirabl y

,
.

A lth ou gh th i s in ab i l i t y o f m al e in v ert s is on l y found among a

minori t y I am qui t e sat is fied th at i t is w ell m ark ed among a
,

c onsi d erabl e minori t y O ne o f my c o rrespond en t s M N w ri t es

.
,
. .
,

“
t o m e : W i th r egard t o the g en eral in ab i l i t y o f in v ert s t o wh istl e
1
F or mm ary of v ari ou s i nves t igat ions see H
a su ,
. E l l i s , T h e P sy
“

ch ol ogy of R ed P op ular S ci enc e Monthly Au g ust and

,
”
, S ep te m b e r, 1900 .

12
178 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

( I a m no t abl e t o do so mys elf ) th e ir f ondn e ss f o

, r gr ee n ( my
fav ori te c o l or ) th eir feminin e c al igr aph y s k i ll at fem al e oc c u
, ,

p a t i on s e
,
t c th e.s e,
all s e e m t o m e b u t i n di c at io n s o f t h e o n e p rin
c i pl e
. To go st i ll farth er an d in cl ud e t riv i al th ings f ew in v er t s ,

ev en smo k e in th e s am e m ann er an d w i th th e s ame enjoym en t as

a m an th ey h av e s el d o m th e m al e f ac i l i t y at g am es c an no t th ro w
, ,

at a m ar k w i th pr ec ision or ev en spi t !
”
,

Nearl y al l th es e p ec u l i ari t ie s indi c at e a mi n or d egr ee of

n erv ous dis t urb an c e an d l ead to modi fic at ion as my c orr espond ,

en t poin t s ou t in a f eminin e dir e ct ion

,
I t i s s c ar c el y nec essary.

t o add th at th ey b y no m ean s n ec essari ly imp l y in v ersion .

S he ll ey for i n s t an c e was un abl e t o wh istl e th ough h e n ev er

, , ,

gav e anindi c at ion o f inv ersio n b u t he was a p erson o f som ewhat ,

ab norm al an d f eminin e org aniz at ion an d h e i ll us t r at e s th e t end ,

en c y o f th es e app ar e n tly v ery insigni fic an t f un ct ion al anom al i es

t o b e c orr el at ed w i th o the r an d mor e imp or tan t p sy ch i c an om

al i es.

—
M O RAL A TT I T U D E O F T H E I NVER T T h er e i s som e in t er est .

in t r ac ing th e in v er t s own att i t ud e t o ward h is anom al y an d hi s

’
,

e s t imat e o f i t s mor al i t y A s my c as es are no t p at i en t s s ee ki ng

.

t o b e c ured o f th eir p er v ersion th i s att i t ud e c anno t b e t ak en f or

,

gran t ed I h av e n o t ed the moral att i t ud e in 4 1 c ases I n 3 th e

. .

subj ect s l oath e th ems elv es an d hav e f ought in v ain agains t th eir
,

p erv ersion S ev en or 8 are doub tfu l an d h ave l ittl e t o say i n

.
,

jus t i fic at ion o f th eir c ondi t ion wh i ch th ey r egard as p er h aps ,

morb id T h e r em aind e r a l arge m aj ori ty ( in cl u di n g al l the

.
,

w om en ) are on th e o th er h an d emph at i c in th eir asse rt ion th at

, ,

th eir moral posi t ion is pr ec is el y th e sam e as that o f th e norm all y

c o n s t i t ut ed i n di v idu al ; 1 or 2 ev en r egard in v ert ed l o v e as
no bl er th an ordin ary s exual l o v e ; s ev e ral ad d th e pro v iso th at
th er e s h ou l d b e c o n s en t an d u nd e rs t andi ng on b o th sid es an d ,

n o att emp t at se du ct ion Th e ch i ef regr et o f 1 or 2 is th e

.

doubl e l i fe th ey are obl ig e d t o l ead I t is no t ew or th y th at ev en .

wh en the c ondi t ion is r eg ard e d as morb id an d ev e n wh en a l i fe ,

O f c h as t i t y h as on t h is acc o u n t b ee n d el ib erat el y ch os en i t is
, , ,

v ery r ar e t o fi nd an inv er t expr e ssing any w is h t o ch ang e h is

s exu al id eal s Th e m al e inv ert c anno t fi nd an d h as no de sir e
.
,
 TH E NAT URE OF S EXUAL I NVER S I O N . 179

t o fi nd any sex u al ch arm in a w om an f or h e fin ds all possi bl e

, ,

ch arms uni t e d in a m an A nd a w om an in v e r t w ri t e s : I c an
.
“

—
no t c on c e i v e a s add e r fat e th an t o b e a w om an an av e r ag e
w om an r e du c e d t o th e n e c e ssi t y o f l o v ing a m an ! ”

I t w i ll b e s een th at my c on cl usions und er th is h ead are i n

s t ri king c on t ras t t o th os e o f West p h al wh o b el i ev ed th at eve ry
,

in v ert r egard ed h ims elf as m orb id an d prob abl y S h o w a mu ch

,

h igh er propor t ion o f s elf appro v ing in v er t s th an any pr ev ious

-

s eri es T h is i s d u e p art l y t o th e w ay in wh i ch th e c as es w er e
.

o bt ain ed an d par tly t o the fact th at th ey m ay b e said on th e

, ,

wh o l e t o r epres en t th e in t ell ect u al arist o c r ac y o f in v ersio n i n

, ,

cl uding a l arg e n u mb er o f indi v idual s wh o O ft en no t w ith ou t

,

s ev er e s t ruggl es h av e found c onso l at ion in the ex amp l e o f th e

,

Gr eek s or el s ewh er e an d h av e su cc eed ed in att aining a m od u s

, ,

vi ven di w i th th e mor al w orl d as th ey h ave c om e t o c on c ei v e i t

,
.
 CH A PT ER V I .

TH E TH E O RY OF S E XUAL I NVERS I O N .

Wha t i s S ex u al Inv ers ion o f D i v e rgi ng V i ew s—T he T he ory

— Cau ses
o f S u gg e s t io n U nw or kabl e—I mpor ta n c e o f t he Co ngen i ta l E l e m en t i n
— e h e a —
Invers ion The Th ory o f t e F m le S ou l E mb ryoni c Herma p h rodit ism
as a K ey t o I nv e r s ion — —
Invers ion as a V ari at ion or S po r t Compari son “ ”

w i th Col or bli ndness Co l or hea ring and S imi la r Abnormal i t ies—Wh a t i s

-

,
-
,

a n A b no rm al i ty —N o t N e c e ssa ri l y a D i se a SH R el a t i o n o f In ve r s ion t o
D egenera t ion—E x c i t i ng Cau se s o f I nvers ion—S e l dom O p e ra t i v e i n t he
Ab sen ce of P redi spos i t ion .

TH n alysis o f th es e c ases l eads dir ectly u p t o a qu est io n

E a

o f th e fi rs t import an c e : Wh at is s exual inv ersion ? I S i t as ,

many w o u l d hav e u s b el i ev e an ab ominabl e ac quir ed Vi c e t o b e

, ,

st amp ed o u t b y th e prison ? or i s i t as a f e w ass er t a b en efic i al

, ,

v ari ety o f h um an emo t io n whi ch sh oul d b e t o l erat ed or ev en

fos t er ed ? I s i t a dis eas e d c ondi t io n whi ch qual i fi es i ts sub j ect
for the l unat i c asy l um ? or i s i t a n at u ral mons t rosi ty a h uman ,
“ ”
sport the m ani fest at ion s o f wh i ch mus t b e r egu late d wh en
,

th ey b ec om e an t iso c i al ? T h er e is pr ob abl y an el em en t o f t ruth

in mor e than on e o f th es e v i ew s I am pr ep ared t o admit th at
.

v ery w ide ly di v ergen t v i ew s o f sexual i n v er sion are l argel y jus t i

fied b y the posi t ion an d att i t ud e o f the in v es t igat or I t is n at .

ural that the po l i c e offic i al sh o ul d fi nd th at hi s c as es are l argel y

-

m er e ex amp l es o f disgust ing v i c e an d c rim e I t i s n at ural th at .

th e asy l um sup erin t ende n t s h ou l d fi nd th at w e are ch i efly d eal

ing wi th a form of insanit y I t is e qu all y n at ural th at th e s exual
.

inv ert him self sh ou l d fi nd th at h e and h is in v ert ed fri ends are

no t so v ery un l i k e ordin ary p ersons We h av e to r ec ogniz e the.

i nfluen c e o f pro fessional and p erson al b i as an d th e influen c e o f

en v ironm en t on e in v est igat or b asing h i s c on cl usion s on o n e cl ass
,

o f c ases ano the r on a qui t e di ff er en t cl ass o f c as es Nat ur all y

,
.
,

I h av e l arg el y f ound ed my o w n c on cl usions on my o wn c ases .

I b el i ev e h ow ev er th at my c as es and my att i t ud e t o ward th em

, ,

( 1 80)
 TH E TH E O RY OF S EX UAL IN VER S I O N . 1 81

jus t i fy m e in doing thi s w i th som e c onfi d en c e I am not i n th e .

posi tion o f one who is p l eading p ro d om o nor o f the po l i c e offi ,

-

c i al n o r ev en o f th e p h ysi c i an f or th es e p erso n s h av e no t c om e
, ,

t o m e f or t r eat m en t I appro ach th e m att er as a psy ch o l ogis t

.

wh o has as c ert ain ed c ert ain d efin it e fact s an d wh o is founding ,

h is c on cl usions on th ose fact s .

T h e fi rs t poi n t wh i ch impr ess es m e is th at w e mus t r eg ard

s exual in v ersion as l argely a c ong eni t al p h enom enon or t o sp eak , ,

more acc urat ely as a p h enom en on wh i ch is b as ed on c ongeni t al

,

c ondi t ions T h is I th in k l i es at the roo t o f th e right c ompr e

.
, ,

h en si on o f the m att er T h er e are at th e pres en t d ay tw o s t r eams

.

o f t end en cy I n th e v i ew s r egarding s exu al in v ersion : on e see k ing

to en l arg e th e sp h er e o f th e ac quir e d ( r epr es en t ed b y Bine t ,

, ,
—
wh o h o w ev er r ec ogniz es pre disposi t ion S c hren c k N o t zing an d ,
-
,

o th ers ) th e o th er se eki n g t o en l arge th e sp h ere o f the c ong enit al

,

( r pr s n t d b y Kr ff t Eb ing M o ll F e r e d o th rs ) T h r
1
e e e e a a n e -
e e , , ,
.

is as usuall y h app ens t ruth in b o th th es e Vi ew s But inas mu ch

, ,
.

as th os e wh o r epr es en t th e ac quir e d v i ew O fte n emp h at i c all y d eny

any c ong eni t al el em en t I th i n k w e are sp ec i all y c all e d upon t o

,

emp h asiz e t his c onge ni t al el e m en t T h e Vi ew th at s ex u al in v er .

sion is ent ir ely exp l ain ed b y th e influ en c e o f earl y asso c iat i on or ,

“
o f suggest ion is an att ract i v e on e an d at fi rs t s ight i t s eems
”
, ,

to b e suppor t ed b y wh at w e k n o w of ero t i c f et i ch i sm b y wh i ch ,

a w o m an s h air or f oo t or e v en cl o th i n g b e c om e s th e f o c us o f a
’
, , ,

m an s s exual aspirat ions Bu t i t mu s t b e r em emb er ed th at wh at

’
.

w e see in ero t i c f et i ch ism is m er el y th e ex agg er at ion o f a norm al

’
impu l s e ; ev e ry l o v e r is t o som e ex t en t ex c i t e d b y h is mi st r e ss s
h air or foo t or cl o th in g Ev en h er e th eref ore th er e is r eall y
, ,
.
, ,

wh at m ay fairl y b e regard ed as a c ong eni t al el em en t ; an d more ,

o v er th ere is r eason t o b el i ev e th at th e ero t i c fet i ch is t usuall y

,

disp lays th e furth er c ongenit al e l em en t o f h er edi t ary n eurosis .

T h er efor e th e an al ogy w i th ero t i c fet i ch ism do es no t b ring mu ch

,

1
A su mma ry o f
th e ie e ori es O f se x u a ch f th
in ers ion i b e ou n d l v w ll f
t
i n D r P P e n a , L O ri g ene e l a P a oge ne s i d e a n er s io ne S e s su a e ,
.
“
.
’
t ll I v l
Ar c hi vi o d e l P s i c opa ti e S ess ua l i , 1896 , f a sc 4 a n d 5 T he ario u s . . v
th e ori e s a re a s o di s u ss e d l c b
y K ra fl t E ing, P syc hop a thi a S eww l i s , ’
-
b
E n gl i s h t
ran s a t ion , en l t th
e di ion , 1899 , pp 3 23 3 3 9, an d y Mo , Kon t .
-
b ll
tr ci r e S em l m p flnd ung , 1899, pp 394 4 14
’

-
. .
182 S EXUAL I NVE R S I O N .

h el p to th os e wh o argu e that i n v ersion is purely ac quired I t .

must al so b e poin t ed out th at th e argu m en t f or ac qui re d or su g

g es t ed i nv ersion l ogi c all y in v o lv es the ass ert ion th at norm al sex
u ali t
y is al so a c quir e d or sugg e s t e d I f a m an b e c om e s att ract e d .

t o h is o w n sex s imp l y b ec aus e the fact or th e im age o f su ch

att ract ion i s b roug ht b ef or e h im th en w e are b ound t o b el i ev e ,

th at a m an b ec om es att r act ed t o th e O p posi t e sex on l y b ec aus e

th e fact or the im ag e o f su ch att r act i on is b ro u gh t b ef or e h im .

T h is th eory is wh o ll y un w orkabl e I n n ear l y ev ery c oun t ry o f .

the w orl d m en asso c i at e w i th m en an d w om en w i th w om en ; i f ,

asso c i at ion an d su gg es t ion w er e th e on l y influ en t i al c aus es th en ,

in v ersion ins tead o f b eing th e ex c ep t ion o u g ht t o b e th e ru l e

, ,

t hro u g h ou t th e h um an sp ec i es i f no t ind eed th rough ou t th e , , ,

wh o l e z oO l ogi c al s e ri es We sh o u l d moreo v er h av e t o admi t th at

.
, ,

t h e mos t f und am en t al h um an inst in ct is so c ons t i t u t e d as to b e

e qu ally w ell ad ap te d f or s t eri l i t y as f or th at prop ag at ion o f th e

rac e wh i ch as a m att er o f fact w e fi nd domin an t th rough ou t th e

, ,

wh o l e o f l i fe We mus t th eref or e put asid e en t irely th e no t ion

.
, ,

that the direct ion o f th e s exu al impu l s e is m erel y a sugg est e d

p h en om enon ; su ch a no t ion is en t irely opp os ed t o O b se rv ati o n
an d ex pe ri en c e an d w i ll w i th di ffic u lt y fit i n t o a ratio n al b io
,

l ogi c al s ch em e .

T h e rat io n al w ay o f r eg arding th e norm al s ex u al impul s e is

as an in b orn org ani c impu l se d ev el oping ab ou t the t im e o f
,

pub er ty 1
A t th is p eriod su gg est ion and ass o c i at ion m ay c om e
.

It i s deni ed b y s om e ( Me yn ert N acke etc ) tha t there i s any sexu a l

1
, , .

i ns ti nc t a t a ll I m ay as w ell the re fore expl ai n i n wh a t se nse I u se the

.
, ,

w ord I m ea n an i nh eri ted a p ti tu de t he pe rform ance O f wh i ch norm all y

.

demands for i ts fu ll sa ti s fa ction th e pre sence o f a p e rso n o f th e oppo s i te

s ex . It might be asse rted that there i s n o su ch th ing as an ins tinct for
food th a t i t i s al l imi tat ion etc I n a sen se th is i s tru e b u t the au to
, ,
.
,

m a ti c b as i s re m ai n s A ch i cken from an i n cu b a tor need s no h en to tea ch

.

i t to ea t It see m s to di s c ove r e a ting an d d rinki ng as i t w ere b y ch an ce

. , , ,

a t fi rs t e a t i ng a wkw a rd l y a nd e a ti ng e v e ry th i ng u n t i l i t l e ar n s wh a t W i ll , .

bes t sa ti s fy i ts organi c m e chan i sm Th ere i s no i ns t in ct f o r food i t m ay

.
,

b e b u t th e re i s a n i ns t in ct wh i c h i s o n ly s a t i sfi ed b y f ood
,
It i s th e sa m e .

w i th the se xu al i nst i n ct T h e tenta ti ve and om ni v orou s h ab i ts o f th e

“
.

n e wl y h a tc h ed ch i ck en ma y b e c o mp a re d t o th e u n ce rta i n ty o f t h e se xu a l
i ns tin ct at pu be r ty wh i le t h e se xu al pe rvert i s l i k e a ch i cken th a t sh ou l d
,

carry o n i nt o a d u lt ag e an appe t i te for w ors te d and pa p e r I t m ay be .

a dd e d h e r e th a t t he q u e s t ion o f t he h e r e di t a ry na tu re o f th e se x u a l i n
 TH E TH E O RY OF S EXUAL I NVER S I O N . 1 83

in t o p l ay a p ar t i n d efining th e O b j ect o f th e emo t ion ; th e soi l

is n ow r eady b u t th e v ari et y o f s eeds l i k ely t o th ri v e in i t is l im
,

i t ed . T h at th ere is a gre at er i n d efini ten ess i n the ai m o f th e

s exual imp ul se at th is pe riod w e m ay w ell b el iev e Th is is sh o wn .

no t on l y b y o cc asional t en t at i v e signs o f s exual emo t ion dir ect ed

t o w ard th e sam e sex b u t b y the usu ally v agu e an d non s exual
,
-

ch aract er o f th e no rm al p as sion at pub ert y Bu t th e ch anne l o f .

s exu al emo t ion is no t th er eb y t urn ed in t o an u tt e r l y ab no rm al

p ath Whe n ev er th is p erm an en tl y h app ens w e are I th in k

.
, ,

—
b oun d t o b el i ev e an d w e hav e m any grounds f or b el i ev ing
th at w e are d eal ing w i th an org an ism wh i ch from the b egi n ning
is ab norm al Th e s am e se ed o f sugg es t ion is so wn i n v arious
.

soi l s ; in th e m an y i t di es ou t in th e f ew i t flo u ri sh es T h e
, .

c aus e c an on l y b e a di ff eren c e in th e soi l .

I f th en w e must pos t u l at e a c o n g enit al ab norm al i t y in or

, ,

d er t o acc ou n t sat is fact ori l y f or at l east a l arge p ropor t ion o f

s exual in v ert s wh er ein do e s th at ab n o rm al i ty c onsist ? U l ri ch s
,

exp l ai n ed th e m att er b y s aying th at in s exu al i n v er t s a m al e b ody

c O exis t s w i th a f em al e sou l :
-
an i m a m u li ebri s i n c orp ora v i ri li

i n c lus a Ev en w ri t er s w i th som e p ret ension t o s c i en t i fic pre

.

c i s i on l i k e M agn an an d G l ey h av e adop t e d th i s p h r as e in a mod

, ,

i fied f orm c o n sid ering th at i n in v ersion a f em al e b rain is c om

,

b i n ed w i th a m al e b ody or m al e g l ands T h is is h o w eve r n ot

.
, ,

an exp l an at ion I t m er el y c rys t all iz es i n t o an epigram th e sup er

.

fic i al impr essio n o f th e m att er A s an exp lan ation i t is t o a

.

s c i en t i fic psy ch o l ogis t un th ink abl e We on l y kno w soul as m ani.

f ested th ro u gh b ody ; an d alth ough i f we say th at a p erson seems

,

t o hav e th e b ody o f a m an and th e feel i n gs o f a w om an w e are

saying wh at is O ft en t rue enough i t is qui t e ano th er m att er t o ,

ass ert dogm at i c all y th at a f em al e so u l or ev en a fe m al e b r ain is , ,

expr essi n g i t s elf th rough a m al e b ody Th at i s simp ly u ni ntel

.

l igibl e I say no th ing o f th e fact th at in m al e in v ert s th e f em

.

st i n c t ha s been exh au s t iv el y di s c u s sed an d de c i s i v e l y af firmed by Moll

in his Un ter s u c hu ng en ii ber d i e L i bi d o S ex u a l i s , 1 898 M0 11 ( Kon .

tr ar e S er u a l emp flnd/ung , 4 13 ) a ac esp . u tt h m ch imp t c

o r a n e t o th e i n
h ri t c
e a n e O f the n a a u es orm l p ti t d for x l r ct i
se u a ea o n i n an a n b orm ll y
a
w kd r
ea e
g e e a s a a o i n t h e e f ct r
e e n o f sd v lopm t
e ua x l p rv r io
e e s n s .
1 84 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

inin e psy ch i c t end en c i es m ay be li ttl e i f at al l m ar k ed so th at ,

“ ”
th er e is no f eminin e sou l in th e qu es t ion ; nor o f th e fur th er
im port an t fact th at in a v ery l arg e proport ion o f c as es the b ody
i t s elf pres en t s s ec ond ary se xual ch arac ters th at are di st in ctly
modi fi ed .

We c an prob ably grasp th e nat ure o f th e ab norm al i t y b ett er

i f w e r efl ec t on the d ev el opm en t o f the s exe s an d on the l at en t
organi c b is exual i ty in each sex A t an earl y st ag e o f d ev el op
.

m en t th e sex es are indis t i n guish abl e an d th rough ou t l i f e the

,

t r ac es o f t hi s earl y c ommuni t y o f sex r em ain T h e h en f o wl .

r et ains in a rudim en t ary f orm the spurs wh i ch are so l arg e an d

formid abl e i n her l ord an d som et im es sh e de v el ops a c ap ac i ty t o
,

c ro w or pu t s on m al e p l um age A mong mamm al s th e m al e pos

,
.

s ess es us el ess nipp l es wh i ch o cc asion ally ev en d ev el op in t o

,

b r eas t s an d th e fe m al e pos se sses a cl i t oris wh i ch is m er el y a

, ,

r u dim en t ary p enis an d m ay al so d ev el op T h e s exu all y in v er t e d

,
.

p erson do es no t usuall y poss ess any gross exaggerat ion O f th ese

s igns o f c ommuni t y w i th th e O pposi t e sex But as we h av e s een
.
, ,

th er e are a c onsid erabl e num b er o f more subtl e approxim at ions

t o th e opposit e sex in in v ert ed p ersons b o th o n th e p hysi c al an d
,

th e p sy ch i c sid e .Putt ing the m att er in a pur ely s p ec u l at i v e

sh ap e i t m ay b e s aid th at at c on c ep t ion the organism is pro v id ed
,

w i th ab ou t 5 0 p er c en t O f m al e g erms and ab ou t 5 0 p er c en t o f
. .

fem al e g erms an d that as d ev el opm en t pro c ee ds ei th er th e m al e

, , ,

or th e fem al e g erms ass u m e th e upp er h and ki ll ing ou t th os e o f ,

th e o th e r sex un t i l in th e m at ur e ly d ev e l op e d i n di v i d u al o n l y a
,

f ew ab ort ed g erms o f th e op p osi t e sex are l eft I n th e h omo .

s ex u al p ers on h o w ev er an d i n th e psy ch o se xual he rm ap h rodi t e

, , ,

w e m ay im agin e th at th e pro c ess h as no t pro c ee d e d normall y on ,

acc oun t o f som e p ec u l i ari t y in th e num b er or ch ar act e r o f e i th e r

the origi n al m al e g erms or f em al e g erms or b o th th e r esu lt , ,

b eing t hat w e h av e a p erson wh o is organ i c all y tw is t ed in t o a

sh ap e t hat is mor e fitt ed f or the ex erc is e o f th e i n v ert ed th an o f
th e n orm al s exu al impu l s e or el s e e qu al l y fitt ed f or b o th
,
1
.

1
I do n o t presen t th is Vi ew as more th an a pi ct u re wh i ch h elps u s
t o r ea l ize t h e a ctu al p h enom ena wh i ch w e w i tness i n h omosexu a l i ty ,

a lth o u gh I m ay a d d th a t so a bl e a te ra t o l ogi s t a s D r J W B a ll an ty n e
. . .

c ons ide rs th a t i t see m s a v ery pos sible t he ory

“
.
”
 TH E TH E O RY OF S EXUAL I NVER S I O N . 1 85

The idea that

xu al inv ers ion i s a variat ion perh ap s d u e to i m mr
se ,

feet sexu a l d i fierent i a ti on or reve rs ion of type seem s to have had i ts

‘

, ,

origin i n the S pec u l a tions o f U lri chs F rom the m edi ca l s ide i t appe ars .

t o h av e bee n fi rs t set fo rt h ( in Am e ri c a ) b y K i ernan ( Ame ri c an L anc et ,

1 884 an d Med i ca l S ta nda r d N o v e m be r an d D e c e m b e r

, ,
a nd L y d ,

s t o n ( P hi l ad elp hi a Med i c a l a nd S u rg i ca l R ep or ter S e p te m b er 1 889 and , , ,

A d d resses a nd E ssa ys K i e rna n w ri te s ( i n f u r the r m a in ta ini ng hi s

,

pos i tio n in a p ape r on R espons i b i l i ty i n S ex u al P erv ers ion read be fore

“ ”
,

t h e Ch i c ago Me di ca l S o c i e t y i n The ori gi na l b i sexu a l i t y o f t he

“

a nc est or s o f t h e r a c e s h o w n i n t he r u dim enta ry fem al e organs o f t he

,

ma le c ou l d not fa i l t o occas ion fu nctional i f not o rgani c revers ions

, , , ,

when me ntal or p h ys i ca l m ani fes ta tions w ere i n te rfere d w i th b y di se ase

or congeni ta l d efe ct It see m s ce r ta i n th at a femi ninel y fu nctionating
.

b ra in c an occu py a m ale b ody and vi c e vers a Males m ay be b orn w i th ,

.

female gen i tals and vi c e versa The l owest ani m als are b i sexu al and .
,

t he v a rio u s t yp es o f h e rm a p h rodi t i s m a re more or le s s c omp l e te re ve r s io n s

t o the ances tra l type That the fe min inely fu nctionating b ra in a lone
.

s h o u l d b e d e v e l op e d a t ti m es w i th i t s p sy ch i ca l c o nsequ ences i s t o b e
, ,

e xpec te d An d L yd st o n ( A d d r esses and E ssay s p 24 6 ) re m ar k s : Ju s t

” “
.
, .

a s w e m a y h a v e v a ri a t ions o f p h y s i c a l f orm and o f me nta l a tt ri bu te s i n ,

genera l s o w e m ay ha v e v a ria ti ons and pervers ions o f th at in ta ngi ble

,

e n t i t y s e x u a l a ffin i ty ; a nd ( p 4 6 ) he r e fe r s t o f a i lu re o f d e v e l opm e nt
”
.
,

an d impe r fe ct d i fierent i at i o n o f g ene ra t i v e c en te rs c ompa rabl e t o co n di

‘

t ions l ike h yp os pa dias and epi sp a di as D r G d e L eta m end i Dean of t he . . .

,

F a c u l t y o f Me di c i ne o f Ma drid i n a p a p e r rea d b e fore t h e In te rn a t ional

,

Medi c a l C o ngre s s a t R om e i n 1894 set f or th a pri n c ip l e o f p anhe rm aph ,

r od i t i s m — a he rm a p h rodi t i c b ipo l a ri ty— wh i ch i nv o lv es t he ex i st en ce o f

late n t fem a le germ s i n the m a le latent m a le germ s i n the fem ale wh i ch , ,

late n t germ s m ay s triv e for and so m e time s obta i n t he m as tery I n G er

, , .

man y a pa tient o f K ra ff t E b i ng has w o rke d ou t t he sa me idea c onn ect in g

-

i nve rs io n w i th fe ta l b i s e xu a l i ty ( eighth e di t io n P sychopa thi a S ewu a l i s ,

p K ra fit E b i ng h im s elf s impl y asse r ts t h a t wh e th e r c ongen i ta l or

'
-
.
,

a c qu ir ed th er e m u s t b e B ela s tu ng ; i n v e r s io n i s a degene ra tiv e phenom e

“
,

a fu n ct io na l s ign o f d egener a ti o n ( K r aff t E b i ng

” “
no n ,
Z u r E rk l aru ng -
,

d er S ex u a l em p find u ng J ahr buc h fii r P s yc hi a tri c , 1 894 )

”
c ontraren , In
t he l a te r edi tion s o f P s ychopa thia S ex u a l i s , h o w e ve r, K ra fl t Eb i ng h a s
‘
-

gone farth er adop ti ng a n explana ti on on the l i nes O f an origin a l b i sex u

,

al i ty ( E ngl i sh t ran sl a ti on o f ten th e di t io n pp 3 3 6 I n m u ch t he sa m e , .

lang u age as I h ave u se d ( th ou gh ind ep endentl y ) he a rgu es th at th ere h as

been a stru ggle i n the cente rs h omo se xu ali ty resu lti ng when the c enter ,

a nta go n i s t i c t o th a t re prese n te d b y t h e se x u a l gland c onqu ers and ,

p s y ch o se xu a l h e rm a p h rodi ti s m re su lting when b o th cente rs a re t oo w ea k

t o O bta in v i cto ry i n ei th er case su ch dis tu rban ce b e ing a m an i festat ion
,

o f d egenera tion Moll wh i le ac cep ti ng t he ex p lanation o n em b ryo log i ca l

.
,
1 86 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

l in es as ha ppy th ou ght ( Kontr are S eama lemp flnd u ng p

a , .
p oi n t s

o u t v e ry t ru l y th a t t h e p h enom e na a re t oo c omp l i c a te d t o
, , be en ti re l y

e xp la i ned i n t hi s w a y .

Th us i n s exual in v ersion w e h av e wh at m ay fairl y b e c all ed

”
a sport or v ari at io n on e o f th os e organ i c ab errat i o ns wh i ch
, ,

w e see th roug h ou t l i v ing n at ur e in p l an t s an d in anim al s , .

I t is no t h er e asse r t ed as I w o u l d c arefu ll y poin t ou t th at

, ,

an in v er t e d s exu al ins t in ct or org an f or s u ch ins t in ct is d ev el

, ,

op ed in earl y emb ryoni c l i fe ; su ch a no t ion is rightl y rej ect ed as

ab surd Wh at we m ay reasonably r egard as f orm ed at an ear ly
.

s t age o f de v el opm en t is s t ri ctly a predi sposi t ion ; th at is t o say ,

s u ch a modific at ion o f the organism th at i t b ec om es mor e

ad ap t ed th an th e norm al or av er ag e org an ism t o ex pe ri en c e sex

u al att r act ion t o th e s am e se x T h e s ex u al i n v er t m ay th us be

.

roughly c omp ared t o the c ongeni t al idio t t o th e i n s tin ct i v e ,

c rimi nal t o th e m an o f g eniu s wh o are al l no t st ri ctly c on

, ,

c ord an t w i th th e usual b io l ogi c al v ari at io n ( b ec aus e th is is o f a

l ess subtl e ch aract er) b u t wh o be c om e som ewh at mor e in t el
,

l igi bl e t o us i f we b ear in mind th eir affini t y t o v ari at ions A .

c orre spond en t c omp ar es i n v ersion t o c o l or bl indn ess ; an d su ch a -

c omp arison is r eason abl e Just as the ordi nary c o l or bl ind per.
-

son i s c ongeni t all y i n s en si t i v e t o th os e re d gr een rays wh i ch are -

pr ec i sel y th e mos t impressiv e t o th e normal eye an d gi v es an ,

ex t end e d v al u e t o th e o th er c o l ors — fin d i ng th at bl ood is the ,

s ame c o l or as grass an d a florid c omp l exion bl ue as th e s ky so

,
— ,

th e in v ert f ai l s t o see emo t ion al v al u es p at en t t o norm al p ersons ,

t rans ferring th os e v al u es t o e mo t io n al as so c i at i ons wh i c h f or the ,

r est o f th e w or l d are utt erl y dist in ct Or w e m ay c omp ar e in v er

,
.

sion t o su ch a phe n om enon as c o l or h earing in wh i ch th er e is -

,

no t so mu ch d efect as an ab n orm al i t y o f n e rv o u s t rack s prod u c

,

i ng n ew an d in v o l u n t ary c omb i n at io n s J u s t as the c o l or h ear er .

1 -

“S n ce ith i s ch ap te r w as firs t p u bl i s h ed ( i n t he C entra lbla tt fu r

N ervenhei l k und e F eb ru a ry
/ ,
F é ré has al s o c omp a red c o nge ni ta l i n
,

v e rs ion t o c ol or bl i ndness a nd s imi l ar an om al i es ( F ore L a D e scendan ce

-
,
“

d u n I n v ert i R evu e G enera te d c C l i ni qu e et Théra p eu t i qu e wh i le

’ ”
, ,

R i b o t h a s re fe rre d t o t he a n a l ogy w i th c o l or he a ri ng ( P syc ho l ogy o f the -

E mo ti ons P art II Ch a p t er V I I )
, ,
.
 TH E T H EO RY OF S EXUAL I NVER S I O N . 1 87

ins t i n ct i v ely asso c i at es c o l or s w i th s ounds l i k e the young Japa ,

“
n es e l ady wh o r em ar k e d wh en l ist ening t o singing Th at b oy s ,
’

v oi c e is red ! so th e in ve r t has h is s exu al sensat ions b rought in t o

”

r el at ionsh ip w i th ob j ect s th at are normall y w i th ou t s exual app eal .

A nd in v ersion l i k e c o l or h earing is f oun d mor e c ommon ly in

,
-
,

young s u b j ect s t ending t o b ec om e l ess mar ked or t o d i e ou t

, , ,

aft e r pu b e r t y C o l or h earing wh i l e an ab norm al p h enom enon

.
-

, ,

i t mus t b e add ed c anno t b e c all e d a dis ease d c ondi t ion an d i t is

, ,

pro b ably mu ch l ess fr equ en tly asso c i at ed w i th o th er ab norm al or

d eg en erat i v e s t igm at a th an is in v ersion ; th e r e is o ft en a c on
ge ni t al el em en t sh o wn b y th e t en d en c y t o h er edi t ary t r ans
‘

mission wh i l e th e asso c i at ions are d ev el op ed in v ery ear ly l i fe

, ,

an d are t oo r egu l ar t o b e th e S imp l e r e su lt o f sugg e st ion

1
.

A ll th es e organi c v ari at ions wh i ch I hav e h ere m ent ion ed ,

t o i ll ust rat e s exu al in v ersio n are ab norm al i t i es I t is impo rt an t

,
.

th at we sh ou l d h av e a cl ear id ea as t o what an ab norm al i ty is .

Many p eop l e im agin e th at wh at is ab norm al i s n ec essari l y dis

eas ed . T h at is no t the c as e un l ess w e gi v e th e w ord dis eas e an
,

in c on v eni en tly an d i ll egi t im at ely w id e ex t ension I t i s b o th i n .

c on v eni en t an d in ex ac t t o sp eak o f c o l or b l i n dn ess c rimin al i ty -

, ,

an d g eni u s as dis eas e s in th e s am e s en se as w e sp eak o f s c ar l et

fev er or t ub er c u l osis or g en eral p aral ysis as dis eas es Ev ery c on .

geni t al ab norm al i t y is doub tl ess d u e t o a p ec u li arit y in th e sp erm

or o v al e l em ent s or in th eir mi n gl i ng or t o som e dist u rb an c e in ,

th eir earl y d ev el opm en t Bu t th e sam e m ay doubtl ess b e s aid.

o f the normal dis simi l ari t i es b e tw een b ro th ers an d s is t ers I t is .

qui t e t ru e th at any o f th es e abe rrat ions m ay b e d u e t o an t en at al

dis eas e b ut t o c all th em ab norm al do es n ot b eg th at qu es t ion
,
.

I f i t is th oug ht th at any au th o ri t y is n eed e d t o s u ppor t th is Vi ew ,

w e c an s c ar c el y fin d a w eight i er th an th at o f V ir ch o w wh o h as ,
“
r ep eate d l y insist e d on th e right u se o f th e w ord an om al y an d ,
”

wh o t each es th at th ough an anom al y m ay c ons t i t u t e a pr edis

,

1
S ee , e.
g .l o,
u rF
n o y D es P henom en es
,
d c S y no p si e G en e va 1893 ; , ,

and for a b ri e f disc u ss ion o f t he genera l ph en om ena of syne sth es ia E , .

P a ris h H a ll u c i na ti ons a nd I l l us i ons ( C ont empo ra ry S c i ence S er i es )

, ,

Ch a pter V I I ; and Ble u le r Arti cle S ec onda ry S ensa tions i n T u ke s D i c

,
“
,
” ’

ti onarg f
o P syc ho logi c al Med i ci ne .
1 88 S EXUAL I NVERS I O N .

,
—
posi t io n t o dis eas e th e s t udy o f anom al i es p ath o l ogy as he ,

—
w o ul d call i t t erat o l ogy as we m ay p erhaps pr ef er t o c al l i t is
,

no t the s t udy o f dis eas e wh i ch h e w o ul d te rm noso l ogy ; th e ,

st udy o f the ab norm al is p er fectly dist in ct from th e s t udy o f the

morb id 1
V ir ch o w c onsiders th at the r egion o f the ab normal is
.

the r egion o f p ath o l ogy an d th at th e s t u dy o f dis eas e mus t b e

,

r egard e d dist in ctly as noso l ogy Wh eth er we adop t th is te rmi .

n ol ogy or wh eth e r we c onsid er th e s t udy o f th e ab norm al as p ar t

,

o f t er at o l ogy is a s ec ondary matt er no t aff ect ing the right u n

, ,
“
d erstan d i ng o f the t erm anom aly an d i t s d u e di ff er en t i at ion
”

“
from th e t erm di se as e .
”

A w ord m ay b e said as t o th e c onn ect ion b etw een s exual i n

v ersion an d d eg en erat ion I n Fr an c e esp ec i all y sin c e th e d ays .
,

o f M or el the s t igm ata o f de gen erat ion are mu ch spo k en o f

,
.

S ex u al in v ersion is fr equ en tl y r egard ed as one o f th em : i a . .

,

as an episodi c s yn d r om e o f a h e r e di t ary dis ea s e t ak i ng i t s ,

p l ac e b esid e o th er psy ch i c s t igm at a su ch as kl ep t omani a and ,

pyrom ani a Kraff t Eb ing al so so regar d s in v ersio n S t ri ctly

.
-
.

sp eak ing th e in v ert is d eg en er at e ; h e has f all en away f rom the

,
’
g enus So is a c o l or bl ind p erson Bu t M or el s c on c ep t ion o f
.
-
.

1
T hu s at th e Innsb ru ck m ee ti ng of t h e G e rm an An th rop ol og i ca l
S o c i et y in 1894 V ir ch o w th u s ex pres se d h im se lf :
, ,
I am of O pinion tha t a
transform at ion a m e ta p lasia a change from o ne spe c ies int o an oth er
, , ,

whe th er i n i ndi v id u a l an im al s or p lants or i ndi v id u a l s or their t i ssu es , ,

cann o t ta ke p lac e w i th ou t an om aly for i f no anom al y a pears th i s new , , ,

d ep a rt u re i s impos s ible The p hys i o lo g i c a l norm h i t

. 0 s u b s i s ti ng
i s c ha ng ed an d w e ca nn o t w ell c a ll th a t a ny th in g e l s e b u t an a n om al y
,
.

B u t i n o l d d a y s a n a n om al y w a s c a ll e d w oos a n d i n th i s se n se e v e ry ,

d ep a r tu re from the norm i s for m e a path ol ogi ca l ev en t If w e h a v e a s .

c er ta i ne d s u ch a a t h o l og i c a l e v e n t w e are fu rth e r l e d t o i n v e s t iga t e

,

wha t p a thos w as t e s pe c ia l cau se o f i t Th i s ca u se m ay be for

.
,

e x a mp l e a n e x te rna l f or c e or a ch e mi c a l s u b st an ce or a p h y s i c a l age nt
, , , ,

produ ci ng i n th e n orm a l c ondi tion O f t he b od y a ch a nge an an om al y ,

( m i lle r ) T.h i s c a n b e c om e h e re di ta ry u nd er s om e c ir c u m s ta n ce s a n d ,

th en b e c om e the fou nd a tio n for c erta i n sma ll h eredi ta ry ch ara cters wh i ch

a re prop aga t e d i n a fa mi l y ; i n th e m se lv es th e y b el ong t o p a th ology ,

e v en a lth o u gh th e y prod u c e n o i nj u ry F or I m u s t r e m a r k th a t pa th o
.

l ogi cal does n o t m ea n h arm fu l ; i t doe s no t i ndi cate di seas e ; dis eas e i n
G re ek i s wéa os a nd i t i s n o s o l ogy th a t i s c o n cern e d w i th di se a se
, T he .

p a th ol ogi cal u nde r s ome c ircu m s ta n ces can be a d van tage ou s ( C orrespo n ”

d enz bla tt von D eu tsc h G esel ls c ha f t fi i r Anthrop o logi e

-
P u tti ng ,

as id e t h e qu e s t ion o f t e rm i n o l ogy th e se rem ark s are of i nte re s t when

,

w e a re a tt e m p ti ng t o fin d t h e w id e r b e a ri ngs o f s u ch a n a n om al y a s
se x u a l inv e rs io n .
 TH E TH EO RY OF S EXUAL I NVER S I O N . 1 89

d egen er es c en c e has un fort un at el y b een c o arsen ed an d vu l gariz ed .

1

A s i t no w s tands w e gain l i ttl e or no i n form at ion b y b eing t o l d

,
“
th at a p erson is a d egen erat e Wh en w e fi nd a c omp l exus o f .
”

w ell m ark ed ab norm al i t i es w e are fairl y j us t i fi ed in as s ert ing

-
,

th at w e h av e t o de al w i th a c ondi t ion o f d eg en erat ion I nv ersion .

is fr equ en tly found in su ch a c ondi t ion I hav e ind ee d al ready .

, ,

t ri ed t o sugg es t th at a c ondi t ion o f diff us ed minor ab norm al i t y

m ay b e r eg ard ed as th e b asis o f c ong eni t al in v ersion I n o th er .

w ords in v ersion is b oun d up w i th a modi fic at io n o f th e se c ond ary

,

s exual ch aract ers 2

But l i ttle is gain ed b y c all ing th es e modi
.

“ ”
fic ati o n s s t igm at a o f d eg e n er at io n a t e rm wh i ch th r eat en s t o ,

di sapp ear from s c i en t i fic t ermino l ogy t o b ec om e a m ere t erm O f ,

l i t erary and j ournal is t i c ab us e S O mu ch m ay b e said c on c ern .

ing a c on c ep t ion or a p h ras e o f wh i ch f ar t oo mu ch has b een

m ad e in popul ar l i t erat ur e A t th e b es t i t rem ains v agu e and .

3
l i ttl e fitt ed f or s c i en t ific u se .

S exu al in v ersion th er ef or e r em ains a c ong eni t al ab norm al

, ,

i ty t o b e clas s ed w i th th e o the r c ongeni t al ab norm al i t i es wh i ch

,

It i s th i s fact wh i ch h as cau se d t he Ital i ans t o b e sh y o f u sing the

1

w ord degene rat i on ; th u s Mar ro i n hi s g rea t w ork I C ara tter i d ei

“ ”
, , ,

D eli nqu enti ha s m a d e a no ta bl e a tte mpt to an al yze t h e p hen om e na

,

lu mpe d t ogethe r as degenerate int o t h ree grou ps a typi cal atav i st i c an d : , ,

morb id .

Ku re l l a goes so f ar as t o rega rd th e i nve r t a s a t rans i tional f orm

1

be tw een the co mplete m an or th e c o mp lete w o m an an d t he genu i ne se xu al

, ,

herm aph ro di te ( prefa ce to th e G erman e di t ion of L a u ren t s L es B i s eau és ’ ‘

,

1896 ; an d C entr a l bla tt fiir c nhc i llm nd e May T h is v iew i s , ,

s u pport e d b y wh a t w e se e i n a n im a l s ( see pp 2 et b u t s c a rc e l y .

a c c o u n t s f or a ll t h e fa ct s i n t he h u m a n s u b j e ct M o ll ( l i ontr ti re S eaua l
'
‘
.

emp flnd u ng p 4 1 1 ) w o u l d r ega rd s om e c a se s o f in v er s io n a s t h e d ev el op

, .

m ent o f c o ntr a ry sec o nd a ry se xu al ch a ra cters bu t i s no t i ncl i ned t o ext en d ,

th i s ex plana tion w idel y K ra fl t E b ing ( P sychop athi a S eama li s E ngli s h

.
'
-
,

tran sl at ion pp 336 7 , . wh il e d en yi ng th e po ss ib il i ty of a fe mi nin e

-
,
“

b rai n i n a mascu li ne b od y th ink s w e c an a dm i t a femi ni ne p sy ch o se xu a l

”
,
“

cente r i n a mas cu l i ne b rai n A t t he sam e time he poi nts ou t tha t h er

.
“

m aphrod i t i sm and se xu a l i nv ers ion st and i n n o rel at io n t o ea ch o th e r .

”

T he i n v er te d imp u l se i s s om e t im es ( as b y N ii c k e ) c ons idere d an

1

ob se ss ion deve l op i ng o n a neu ras th eni c or neu ro ti c b as i s Th a t the re i s

, .

an anal og y and ind eed a di s tinct rela tionsh ip b etw ee n ob se ss i ons and
, ,

se x u al p e rv e r s io n s I fu ll y b el i ev e b u t ob se s s ion s a re so v a u e c a pri c io u s
g , , ,

a n d i ll u nd e rs t o od t h a t I am no t in cl i ned to pres s th e an al og y v e ry f ar
, .

We cann o t explain t h e l ittl e know n b y the l ess kn own I w ou l d rather .

exp l a i n O bs ess ion s b y re feren ce t o th e sex u a l impu l s e th a n th e sex u al ,

i mp u l se b y reference t o O b sess i ons .

1 90 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

h av e psy ch i c c on c omi t ant s A t the v ery l eas t su ch c ongeni t al

.

ab norm al i t y usu all y exis t s as a pr e disposi t ion t o in v e rsion I t is .

pro b abl e th at many p ersons go th rough th e w or l d w i th a c on

g eni t al pr edisposi t ion t o in v ersion wh i ch alw ays r emain l at en t
an d unrous ed ; in o the rs the inst in ct i s so s t rong th at i t f or c es

i t s own way in spi t e o f al l ob s t acl es ; in o th ers again th e pre , ,

disposi t ion is w eak er and a po w erfu l ex c i t ing c aus e p l ay s the

,

pr edomin ant p ar t .

We are th us l ed t o the c onsid erat ion o f the c aus es th at e x c i t e

th e l at en t pr edisposit ion A gr eat v ari et y o f c aus es h as b een h el d
.

t o ex c i t e t o s exual i n v ersion I t is o n ly ne c essary t o m en t ion

.

th ose wh i ch I hav e found influ en t i al Th e mos t import an t o f .

th es e is undoubt ed ly ou r s ch oo l sys t em w i th i t s s egregat ion o f

-

b oys an d girl s ap art fro m each o th er during the impor t an t

p eriods o f pub er ty an d ado l es c en c e Man y c ongeni t al inv ert s .

h av e no t b een t o s ch oo l at al l an d m any wh o h av e b een p ass

,

th ro u g h s ch oo l l i fe w i th ou t f ormi n g any p assion at e or s exual

-

r el at ionsh ip ; b u t th er e r em ain a l arg e numb er wh o d at e th e

d ev el opm en t o f h omos exu al it y from the influ en c es an d examp l es
o f s ch oo l l i fe Th e impress ions r ec ei v ed at th e t im e are no t le ss
-
.

po t en t b ec aus e th ey are O ft en pur el y s en t im en t al an d w i th out

any o bv io u s s ensu al admix t ur e Whe th er th ey are suffic i en tl y
.

po t en t t o gen erat e p erm an en t inv ersion al o n e m ay b e doubtf ul ,

b u t i f i t is t ru e t hat in ear l y l i fe the s exu al ins t in cts are l ess

,

d efin i t el y de t ermi n ed th an wh en ado l es c en c e is c omp l et e i t is ,

c on c ei v abl e th o u gh unpro v ed th at a v ery st rong impr ession

, , ,

act ing ev en on a norm al organism m ay c aus e arr es t o f s exu al ,

d ev el opm en t on th e psy ch i c S id e I t is a qu es t ion I am no t in

.

a posi t ion t o s ettl e .

A n o the r import an t ex c i t in g c ause o f in v ersion is sedu ct ion .

By th is I m ean the ini t i at io n o f th e you n g b oy or girl b y som e

O l d e r an d mor e exp eri en c e d p erson in wh om i n v ersion is al ready

d ev el op ed an d wh o is s eek ing the grat i fic at ion o f th e ab normal

,

ins t i n ct Th is appe ars t o b e a n ot un c ommon i n c id en t in the

.

ear l y h is t ory o f s exu al in v ert s —

T h at su ch s edu ct ion som et im es
.

an ab ru p t an d in c onsid er at e ac t o f m er e s ex u al grati fic ati on

c oul d b y i t self produ c e a tas t e for h omos exual i t y is h ighly im

 TH E TH EO RY or S EXUAL I NVER S I O N . 1 91

pro b abl e ; in in di v idu al s not al ready pr ed ispos ed i t is f ar more

l i ke l y t o prod u c e disgu s t as i t did in the c ase o f th e you thfu l
,
“ “
H e on l y c an b e s e d u c ed
”
R o u ss eau . as M o ll p u t s i t wh o i s
, ,

c ap abl e o f b eing s edu c e d N o do u bt i t fr equ en tl y h app en s in

.

“ ”
th ese as so O ft en in mor e no rm al s e d u ct ions th at th e v i ctim
, ,

has O ff er ed a v o l u n t ary or in v o l un t ary in v i t at ion .

A no the r exc i t in g c aus e O f in v ersion t o wh i ch l i ttl e impor ,

t an c e is u su all y att ach ed b u t wh i ch I fi nd t o h av e som e w eight

, ,

is di sappoin t m en t in norm al l o v e I t h app ens th at a m an in .

wh om th e h omos ex u al inst in ct is yet on ly l at en t or at al l ev en t s ,

h el d in a s t ate O f r epr ession t ri e s t o form a r elat ionsh ip w i th a

,

w om an f T h is r el at ions h ip m ay b e ard en t on on e or b o th sid es ,

—
b u t o fte n do u btl ess from th e l at en t h omosexual i t y o f th e l o v er
, ,

— i t c om es t o no th ing S u ch l o v e disappoin t m en t s in a more or

.
-

l ess ac u t e form o cc ur at som e t im e or ano th er t o n earl y ev eryon e

,
.

B u t in the s e p erson s th e di sappoint m en t w i th on e w oman c on

sti tu tes mo t i v e s t rong eno u g h t o di sgus t th e l o v er w i th th e wh o l e

sex an d t o t urn h is att e n t ion t o w ard h i s o w n sex It is evid en t .

th at th e ins t in ct wh i ch c an th u s b e t u rn e d r o u nd c an s c arc el y
be st rong an d i t s ee ms pro b abl e th at in some o f th e s e c as es th e
,

e pisod e O f nor mal l o v e simp l y s er v e s t o b ring h om e t o th e in v er t

th e fact th at h e is no t m ad e for norm al l o v e I n o th e r c as es .

1
,

i t s eems — e sp ec i all y th os e th at are som ewh at feeb l e mind e d

,
-

an d u n b al an c e d — a l o v e disappoin t m en t r eall y do es po ison th e

-
,

norm al inst in ct an d a more or l ess impo t en t l o v e f or w omen

,

b ec om es an equ all y i m po t en t l o v e for m en Th e pre v al en c e o f .

h omosexu al i ty among prost i t u t es must c e rt ainl y be t o a l arg e ,

ex t en t exp l ain e d b y a simi l ar an d be tt er f o u nd ed disgus t w i th

,
-

no rm al s ex u al i t y .

—
T h es e th ree influ en c es th ere for e ex amp l e at s ch oo l sed u c
, , ,

,
—
t ion di sappoin t m en t in norm al l o v e a]l o f th em draw ing th e ,

su b j ect away from the opposi t e sex an d c on c en tr at ing h im on h is

o wn sex are po w erf u l e x c i t ing c au s es o f in v ersion ;
,
b u t th ey
mos tl y requir e a fav orabl e organi c pr edisposi t ion t o ac t on wh i l e ,

th er e are a l arg e numb er o f c as es in wh i ch no ex c i t i n g c ause at

1
S ee , for i n s t a nc e , an i nc ident i n th e ea rl y l i fe o f Ca se XX V .
192 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

al l c an be found b u t in wh i ch from earl i es t ch i l d h ood th e

, , ,

sub j ect s in t eres t seems t o b e t urn ed on h is o w n sex an d c on

’
,

ti nue s t o be so t urn ed th rough ou t l i f e .

A t t hi s poin t I c on cl ud e th e an al ysis o f th e psy ch o l ogy o f

sexual in v ersion as i t pres en t s i t s elf t o m e I h av e sought on l y
.

t o b ring ou t th e mor e sal i en t point s n eg l ect ing minor poin t s

, ,

n eg l ec ting al so th os e groups o f in v ert s wh o m ay b e re gard ed as O f

s ec ond ary import an c e Th e av erag e in v er t mo ving in ordinary
.
,

so c i e ty so f ar as my ev id en c e ex t ends is mos t u su all y a p erson

, ,

o f av erag e ge n eral h ealth th ough v ery f requ ently w i th h er edi

,

t ary r el at ions h ips th at are m ark ed l y n euro t i c H e is usu ally th e

.

s u b j ect o f a c ongeni t al pr edisposing ab normal i t y or c omp l exu s ,

o f minor ab norm al i t i es m ak ing i t di ffic u lt or impossi bl e for h im

,

t o feel s ex u al att ract ion t o th e opposi t e sex an d e asy t o feel ,

s exu al att ract ion t o h is own sex Th is ab norm al i t y ei th er ap

.

p ears spon t an eo u sl y from th e fi rs t b y d ev el opm en t or arr est o f

,

d ev el opm en t or i t is c alle d int o act i v i t y b y som e ac c id en t al c ir

,

c u m stan c e .
 CH A PT ER V II .

C O N C LU S I O N S .

Th e P r e ve ntion o f —
H omo s e x u a l i ty Th e In fl u enc e o f t h e S ch ool C O
e d u c a t io n — —
The Tr ea tm e n t o f S e x u a l I n v e r s io n C ri t i c i s m O f S c h ren c k
N o tz i ng s Me th od s— Men ta l a n d P h y s i c a l Hygi en e— Th e L imi ts t o th e
’

di
R a ca l C u re O f I n v e rs io n— Th e Ch i l dr e n o f I n v e r t s— T he A t t i tu d e o f
—
S oc i e t y O rigi n o f t h e H orror Arou sed b y H omos xu a l i ty Co n ne ct io n
e —
— —
Be tw e en H omos ex u a l i ty and Infan ti c id e J u s t in ia n T he C od e N apo l eon
— Th e S ta te o f th e L a w i n E u rope To d a — G e rm a n y— E nglan d— Wh at
y
-

S h o u l d b e o u r A tti t u d e t o w a rd H om os e x u a l i ty ?

H AV I N G no w c omp l et ed th e psy ch o l ogi c al an al ysis O f th e

s exu al in v ert so f ar as I h av e b een abl e to s tu dy hi m i t on l y
, ,

r em ain s t o sp eak b ri efly o f th e att i t u d e o f so c i ety an d the l aw .

Firs t h o w ev er a f ew w ords as t o th e m edi c al asp ect s o f i n v er

, ,

sion an d i t s pr ev en t ion
, .

T h e q u e s t ion O f th e pr e v en t ion o f h omose x u al i t y is a l arg e

o n e b u t i t is in t oo v ag u e a posi t io n at pr es en t t o b e v ery r fit
, p o

abl y dis c u ss e d S O f ar as th e r eall y c o n g en i t al i n v er t is c on

.

c ern ed pr ev en t ion c an h ave b u t sm all i n fl u en c e ; bu t as i n a

, ,

l arg e propor t ion O f c ases th er e is l i ttl e o bv io u s c o n g eni t al el e

m en t so u nd so c i al h ygi en e sh o u l d r en d er di ffic u lt th e ac q u isi t ion
,

o f h o m os ex u al p er ve rsi t y Wh at w e n eed fi rs t o f al l is a m u ch
.

gr eat er d egree O f sin c eri ty c o n c ern i n g th e act u al fact s T h e .

s ch oo l is u n do u bt e d l y th e gr e at b r ee di n g p l ac e O f ar t i fic i al h o m o
-

s ex u al i t y among th e g ene ral pop u l at ion I t s i n flu en c e in th i s

.

resp ect m ay h av e b een o v er est im at ed bu t i t i s u ndo u bt ed ly l arge

,
.

I t i s v ery u n f ort u n at e th at sch oo l au th ori t i es do th eir b es t t o

-

ign or e an d c on c eal the fact s T h e t im e is c omi n g h o w ev er

.
, ,

wh en m u ch great er att en t io n t o th is m att er w i ll b e i n sist ed on

in p h ysi c i ans an d o th ers w h o h av e th e c ar e o f b oys in l arge
publ i c an d o th er s ch oo l s We c an no t all o w su ch p ersons t o b e
.

m er e inst ru me n t s in th e h ands o f c orpor at io n s an d i n di v id u al s

wh o are prep ared t o s ac ri fic e ev ery th ing to wh at i s c all ed th e
( )
13
1 9 3
1 94 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

s ch oo l or th e pro sp eri ty o f th e s ch oo l b u t wh i ch h as no th ,

ing wh ate v er t o do w i th edu c at ion or w i th th e w elfar e o f th e

s ch o l ar Wh i l e m u ch m ay b e don e b y p h ysi c al h ygi en e an d o th er
.

m ean s t o pr ev en t th e ex t en sion O f h omosexu al i ty in s ch oo l s i t 1

,

is i m po ssibl e ab so l u t el y t o r epr ess the emo t io n al m ani fest at ions

O f se x in ei th er b oys or gir l s wh o h av e r e ach ed th e age o f pub ert y .

I t m u s t always b e r em emb er ed th at pro f o u n d l y roo t ed organi c

impu l s e s c anno t b e effe ct uall y c omb at e d b y dir ect m eth ods .

Wri t ing o f a p eriod tw o c en t u ri es ag o C asan o v a in r el at ing h is

2
, ,

e ar l y l i f e as a s emin aris t t r ain e d t o th e pri esth ood d e s c ri b es th e ,

’
pr ec aut ions t ak e n t o pr ev en t th e youth s en t eri n g each o th er s
b ed an d poi n t s ou t th e f o l l y o f su ch prec au t io n s As th at m as t er
,
.

o f th e h uman h ear t r em ark s su ch pro h ib i t ion s in t ensi fy th e ve ry ,

ev i l th ey are i n t en d e d t o pr ev en t b y in v o k i n g in i t s ai d th e i m

p u l s e t o di so b edi en c e nat u r al t o ev ery ch i l d o f A d am an d E ve ,

an d the O b s er v at ion h as O ft en b ee n r ep eat e d b y t each ers sin c e .

We pro b ably h av e to r ec ogn iz e th at th e on l y way to rend er su ch

m an i fest at ions wh o l esom e as w ell as t o prep are f or th e r el at ion ,

sh ips O f l at e r l i f e is t o in su r e th e adop t ion so f ar as po ssi bl e o f

, , ,

th e m eth ods o f c o e d u c at ion o f th e s ex e s -

T h is h o w ev er is no t .
, ,
3
th e p l ac e to insis t on th e de sirab i l i t y o f c o edu c at ion -
.

Tu rn ing from th e pr ev en t ion O f se xu al i n v ersio n t o i t s m ed

i c al t reat m ent so f ar as I am en t i tl ed t o an y opi n io n I s t rongl y
, ,

1
h i s c onnec tio n I m a re fe r t o th e w ri t i ngs of D r Cl em ent
I n t 7

D u k es p h y s i c i a n t o R u gb y S c y
.

, w h o fu ll y r e c ogn ize s t h e ri s k s o f
s ch oo l l i fe a n d t o t h e d i s c u s io n o n s e x u a l v i c e i n s ch oo l s S ta r t e d b y an
-
,
s ,

a ddr es s b y t h e R ev J M W i l s o n h e a d m a s te r o f Cl i ft o n Co ll ege i n t h e
. . .
,
-

J ou r na l o f E d u ca ti on, 1881 82 -
.

C
1
ov as a n v ol u m e i ( edi tion G a rn i e r ) p 1 60 O f t he
a , Ménw i r es , ,
. . .

rem a rks b y a n exp eri en ce d m a ste r i n o ne O f th e larges t E ngl ish pu bl i c

s ch oo l s wh i ch I h a ve b ro u ght f orw a rd S tu d i es i n the P sy c ho logy o f S ea)
, , ,

v ol u m e ii Au t o e ro ti m 1900
,
“ -
s
”
, .

R e fe ren c e m a y h o w e v e r b e m a d e t o t h e fa ct th a t th o se pe r s on s
‘
, ,

wh o h ave t h m selv es b een c O e du cate d w i th the O p po s i te se x are al m os t

e -

u n a n i m o u s l y i n fa v or o f s u ch ed u c a tion S ee for i n s t an c e W i ll t h .
, ,
“
e

C O e d u c a t e d C o e d u ca te th e ir Ch i l dren ? um Ju ly b y P ro f ”
- -

( F o r , , .

Ma rth a F Cro w wh o s pec i a ll y i nv e s t ig at e d th i s po i n t I n ee d s ca r cel y

.
, .

poi n t o u t th a t c o ed u ca tion doe s no t ne c es sa ri l y inv ol ve ide nti t y O f ed u

-

ca tion for t he tw o sexes An d w i t h regard to t h e importa n ce O f th e

.

s e x u a l e mo t io n s g e n e r a ll y a n d th e ir t r a i n i n g I m a r fe r t o a r e m a r k a bl e
y e ,

b ook b y E d w a rd Carpente r L ove s C om i ng of Ag e ( Man ch es te r ,

’
,
 CO N C LU S I O N S . 1 95

a d vo c at e dis c rimin at ion c au t ion an d s k ep t i c ism

,
I h av e l i ttl e ,
1

“
sym p athy w i th th os e wh o are pr ep ar ed t o c u r e th e i n v er t at
an y pri c e D r v on S c h ren c k N o t zing the b es t k no w n an d mos t
. .
-
,
-

s u cc ess fu l o f th es e op erat ors seems t o m e t o s erv e r ath er as a

,

warning th an as an ex amp l e H e u nd er t ak es ev en th e most pro .

n ou n c e d c as es o f in v ersio n b y c o u rs es o f t r eat m en t l as t ing mor e

th an a y ear an d in v o lv i n g in at l eas t on e c as e n earl y on e hu n

, , ,

dr ed an d fift y h yp n o t i c si tt i ngs ; h e pr esc rib es fr equ en t v isi t s t o

th e b ro th el pr e v ious t o wh i ch th e p at i en t t ak es l arg e dos es o f
,

alc o h o l ; b y pro l onge d m anipu l at io n s a pros t i t u t e en d eav ors t o

ex c i t e er e ct io n a pro c ess att en d e d w i th v aryi n g r esu lt s

,
I t ap .

p ears th at i n som e c as es th is c o u r se o f t r eat m en t h as b een at

t en d e d b y a c er t ain sor t o f su cc ess t o wh i ch an u n l i m i te d good ,

w i ll on th e p ar t o f th e p at i en t i t i s n ee d l ess t o say h as l arg el y , ,

c on tri b u t ed T h e t r eat m en t is h o w ev e r u su all y i n t erru p t ed b y

.
, ,

c on tinu al b ack s l idi n g to h omos ex u al pract i ce s a nd som et im es , ,

n at urally th e c ur e in v o lv es a v en er eal disord er T h e p at i en t is

,
.

en abl e d t o m arry an d t o b eg e t ch i l dr en ; h o w th e ch i l dr en t u rn

out i t i s yet to o earl y t o say 2

D r v on S c h ren c k N o tzing m ay
. .
-

ce r t ai n l y b e c ong rat u l at e d on th e t im e p at i en c e an d en ergy , ,

wh i ch he d ev o t es t o h is p at i en t s Wh eth er h e m ay b e c ongratu .

l at ed on th e t reat m ent i t s elf an d i ts r esu lt s is l ess c ert ain For .

my own p ar t I fran kl y c on fess th at th e r eme dy se ems t o m e

,

w ors e th an th e dis eas e T h e h is t orie s I h av e rec ord ed in pre

.

v io n s ch ap t ers sh o w th at i t is no t un c ommon f or ev en a pro

1
fe ren ce m a y b e m a de t o th e w i s e a nd c omprehe n s ive c o n cl u s ion s
Re
of Moll o n th i s m a tte r i n h i s D i e Kontr ar e S ea ma l emp flnd u ng
'

E v id e nc e o n th i s poin t i s h o w e v e r b e gi n ni ng t o c om e i n
1
,
Fé é , . r

report s th e case of an i nv er t of grea t i ntelle ctu a l ab i l i ty wh o h a d nev er

h a d any s e x u al r e l a t io n s h ips a n d w as no t a v e rse from a ch a ste l i fe ; h e
,

w a s u rge d b y h i s doc tor t o ac qu ire t he pow e r o f n orm a l i n te r c o u r se a nd

t o m arry o n th e grou nd th a t h i s p erv e rsion w as m erely a pe rversion O f
,

t he im agi n at io n H e did so an d th o u gh h e m a rr i e d a p e r fe ctly s t ro n g

.
, ,

an d h ea l t h y w om a n an d w a s h im s elf h ea lth y e x c e p t i n s o f ar a s h i s
, ,

p e rv ers ion w as c on ce rn e d t he off s pring tu rn ed o u t di sa s tro u s ly T he

,
.

el d e s t ch il d w a s a n e pi l e p t i c a l mo s t a n im b e c i l e
,
a n d w i th st ro ngl y ,

m a rk e d h o mose x u a l impu l ses ; t h e sec on d and th ird c h i l dren w ere

a bs o l u te idio ts ; t h e y o u nges t di ed o f c onv u l s i ons i n i n fan c y ( F é re ,

L I ns ti nc t S emnel pp 26 9 et seq ) N O dou bt th i s i s s c a r c e l y an a v erage

’
. .
,

case .
1 96 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

n ou n c ed in v ert t o be abl e som et imes t o eff ect c oi t us I t o ft en ,

b ec om es easy i f at the t im e h e fi x es h is th ought s on im ages c on

n ec t ed w i th h is o w n sex B u t th e p er v ersion r em ains u n aff ect ed ;
.

the su b j ect is m er e ly ( as o ne o f M o ll s in v er t s expresse d i t ) pr s c

’

t i c ing m ast u rb at i on per vagi n am S u ch t r eat m en t is a t rain i ng .

in Vi c e an d as R aff al o vi c h poi n t s out th e in v ert is simp ly p er

, , ,

v er t ed an d b ro u ght do w n t o th e v i c ious l ev el wh i ch n ece ssari l y

acc omp ani e s p erv e rsi t y
1
.

Th e s ex u al in v er t is sp ec i all y l i abl e t o s u ff er fr om a h igh

d eg re e O f n euras th eni a o ft en in v o lv ing mu ch n er v ous w eakness
,

an d irri t ab i l i t y l oss o f s e lf c on t ro l an d g eni t al h yp eraesth esi a

-
2
.
, ,

T h is is a c ondi t ion wh i ch m ay b e am el iorat ed an d i t m ay b e ,

t reat ed in m u ch th e sam e w ay as i f no in v ersion exis t ed b y ph ys ,

i c al an d me n t al t oni c s or i f n ec essary s e d at i v es ; b y r egu l at ed

, , ,

gymn as t i c s an d out O f door ex er c is es ; and b y o cc up at ions wh i ch

- -

emp l oy w i th o u t o v er ex er t ing th e mind

,
V ery great an d p er
,
.

m an en t b en efit m ay b e O bt ain e d b y a pro l onged c o u rse o f su ch

m en t al an d p h ysi c al hygi en e ; th e asso c i at e d n euras th eni c c on
d i ti on s m ay b e l arg ely r emo v ed w i th th e mor b id fears su s , ,

p i c i o n,
s a n d irri t ab i l i t i e s th a t ar e usu al l y p ar t o f n eur as t h eni a ,

an d th e in v er t m ay b e b ro u g ht in t o a f air l y wh o l esom e an d toni c

c ondi t ion o f s elf c on t ro l -

.

T h e in v ers ion is no t th us re mo v ed B efore d ec iding .

wh eth er i t is d esir abl e t o att emp t so radi c al a ch ange in the

s ex u al imp u l se i t is n ec es sary t o h av e fu ll k no wl edge o f th e
,

p at i en t an d h is h ist ory I f h e is st i ll yo u ng an d i f th e pe rv er
.
,

sion do e s no t app ear t o b e d eep l y roo t ed in th e organism i t is ,

—
prob abl e th at pro v id ed h is own good w i ll is aiding gen eral — -

h yg i eni c m easu r es t og eth er w i th r emo v al t o a fav orable en v iron

,

1
R a ff a l o v i c h , Ura n i s me c t Uni s eama l i té, 1 896 , p 16 H e re m a r s . . k
th ta c t l v t
t h e o n g e n i a i n e r w h o h a s n e e r h a d r e a i on s i v
om en, and l t w th w
wh b lt
ose a n orm a i y , t o u s e K ra fl t E b i ng s dis i n ion , i s a per ersion and
’ ‘
-
t ct v
v t
n ot a p e r e r s i y , i s m u ch l t
e s s dan g e ro u s a n d ap t o s e d u e o e r s an th c th
t h e m ore v tl
e r sa i e a n d c t
orru p pe rs on wh k w th
o ha s n o n al l m e od s O f
g r a t i fic a t io n .

1
K r aff t E b i ng c on s ide rs th a t the t empo r a ry or l as ti ng a ss oc i a t ion o f
-

h omo sexu al i ty w i t h ne u rastheni a h av i ng i t s roo t i n c ongen ital c ondi tions

i s a l mos t i nv a ri able
“ ”
.
 CO N C LU S I O N S . 1 97

m en t m ay gr adu ally l ead t o th e d ev el opm en t o f th e norm al sex

,

u al imp u l s e I f i t fai l s t o do so i t b ec om es n ec ess ary t o exe r c is e

.
,

great c au t ion i n r ec omm endi n g s t ro n g er m eth ods A b ro th el .

,

on whi ch S c hren c k N o t zing l argel y r el i es is s c ar c ely a d esirabl e

-
,

m eth od o f t re at m en t f rom any poi n t o f V i ew ; t o say no mor e ,

i t is no t c alc u l at e d t o att ract an i n di v idual wh o is al r eady i n

spir ed wi th disgu s t O f w om en r egard ed as O bj ect s O f desir e T h e .

as sis t an c e o f an h on es t w om an w ou l d b e mu ch b ett er th erap eu

t i c ally b u t i t c an v ery s el dom be rig ht an d feasibl e t o o b tain th e

,
“
h el p o f on e wh o is l i k ely t o b e su cc ess fu l Pu r ely P l at oni c as .

“
so c i at ions w i th th e o th e r sex M o ll poi n ts o u t l eads t o b ett e r
,
”
,

r esu lt s th an any pres c ri b ed att emp t at c oi t u s .

”

Wh i l e th ere is no do u b t a t emp t at io n t o ai d th os e wh o are

, ,

an xio u s f or ai d t o g et rid o f th eir ab n orm al i t y i t is no t possi bl e ,

t o l oo k u pon th e r esu lt s O f s u ch ai d ev en i f su cc ess fu l w i th , ,

m u ch sat is fact ion N o t on ly is th e ac quisit io n o f th e n orm al i n

.

s ti n c t b y an i n v er t v ery m u ch on a l ev e l w i th th e ac q u isi t ion o f

a v i c e bu t pro b abl y i t s el dom su cc ee ds i n er adi c at ing th e ori g i n al

,

in v ert ed i n s t i n ct Wh at u suall y h app en s is th at th e p erson b e

.

c om e s c ap abl e O f exp e ri en c ing b o th imp u l s e s n ot a sp ec i all y ,

sat is fact ory s t at e o f th ings .

M oreo v er i t i s O ft en n ot di ffic u lt pre m at urel y t o p ersuade

,

an in v ert th at h i s c o n di t io n is ch an g ed ; h is h ealth is p er h aps

impro ving an d i f h e exp eri en c es som e s l ight att r act io n t o a p er

,

son o f the opposi t e sex h e h as t i ly ass u m es th at a d ee p an d p er

m an en t ch ange h as o cc u rred T h is m ay b e dis as tro u s esp ec i ally
.
,

i f i t l eads t o m arri ag e as i t m ay do i n an i n v er t ed m an or st i ll
,

more easi l y in an inv er t ed w om an The app ar en t ch ang e do es .

no t t urn out t o b e d eep an d th e i n v er t s posi t ion is mor e u n

,
’

f ort u n at e th an h is origin al posi t ion b o th f or h ims elf an d f or h is

,

w i fe.
1

I h ave re centl y be en tol d by a di sti ngu i s hed p hy s i c ian wh o w as

1
,

consu lted i n t he ca se o f a c ongeni ta l i nvert h ighly p la ce d i n t he E ngl i sh

,

go ve rnme nt se rv i ce wh o lat e l y m a rrie d i n t he h ope O f e s capi ng h i s per

,

version and w as not ev en able to c on su mm ate the m a rri age It i s ne ed

, .

less to ins i st o n th e mi se ry wh i ch i s c re ate d i n su ch ca s es It i s not o f .

,

c o u rse denie d th at su ch m a rri age s m ay no t s om e t im es b e c om e e ven tu all y

,

happy Thu s Ki ernan ( P sy ch i ca l Trea tm en t of Congeni tal S ex u al I n

.
“
198 S EXUA L I NVER S I O N .

N or is i t possi bl e t o v i ew w i th s at is f act ion the prosp ect s O f

in v er t s b eg ett ing or be aring ch i l dren O ft en no doubt the .
, ,

ch i l dr en t u rn out fair ly w ell b ut for th e mo st p ar t th ey b ear , , ,

w i t n ess th at th ey b el ong t o a n eu ro t i c an d fai l ing s t o ck S om e .

t im es ind eed th e t en d en c y t o s ex u al inve rsion in ecc en t ri c an d

, ,

n eu ro t i c fami l i es s eem s m erely t o b e Natu re s mer c i fu l m eth od ’

o f w inding up a c on c ern wh i ch from h er poin t o f Vi ew has , ,

ce as ed t o b e pro fit abl e .

NOdou b t t he p hy s i c ian i s O ften s trongly temp te d to ad v ise ma rriage

a n d to promi s e th a t t h e n orm a l h e te ro s ex u a l imp u l se w i ll a pp ea r T h e re .

i s b u t t oo m u ch e v id en c e d e mons tr at i ng the r a s h ne ss an d fo ll y o f th os e
wh o gi v e su ch a dv i ce and h o l d for th s u ch promi ses w i th ou t d u l y gu arded
, ,

qu al i fica tion a nd w i th no proper exa mina tion o f t h e i n di v idu a l ca se C er .

t a i nl y pro v ide d th a t t he w om an i s i n fu ll pos se ss io n o f al l t he fa ct s an d

, ,

pro v ided al so th a t she h as su ffic ient expe rien ce of li fe t o rea l ize wh a t s he

i s u n d e r ta k i ng to do m arri age m ay n o t b e u nha ppy
, S imi l a r l y i n t h e .

c ase o f an i n ve rte d w om an B u t the i nad vi sab i li ty o f pa ren th ood s ti ll

.

rem a ins and su ch m a rri age s c an nev er b e a bso lu te ly sa t i sfa ct ory

, .

A s a ru l e i nv er t s h a v e no des ire t o b e di ff e ren t f rom wh a t t h e y are

, ,

and , i f th ey h a ve any de s ire for m a rriage i t i s u su a ll y onl y momen ta ry ,

.

V e ry p a th e ti c a pp ea l s for h el p are h o w ev er s om e tim es m a de ,

I m ay , .

qu ote fr om a le tte r addre ssed t o m e b y a gen tlem an wh o desired a d

v i ce ou th i s m a tte r : I n p ar t I w ri te to y ou as a moral i s t and i n
“
, ,

p art a s t o a ph y si ci an D r Q has p u bl i sh ed a b ook i n wh i ch w i th o u t

, . . .
,

disc u ssion h yp no ti c trea tm ent o f su ch c ase s w as reported a s s u ccessfu l

,
.

I am eage r to kn ow i f you r O pi nion remains wh a t i t w as T h is new .

assu ran ce c om es from a m a n wh o se mora l fi rm n e ss a n d del i cac y a re

u nqu e s tiona bl e b u t y o u w i ll ea s i l y im a g i ne h o w o n e mig ht S h ri n k from
,

th e imp l ant a ti o n o f new imp u l s e s i n t h e u n c o n s c iou s se lf s i n c e newl y ,

c reate d i ncl i na tions might di s tu rb t he c ondi tion s O f l i fe A t any ra te .

,

i n my ign o ra n ce o f h ypn o ti s m I fea r th a t t he e ff or t t o gi v e t h e n orm al

ve rs ion R evi ew of I nsa ni ty and N ervou s D i s ea s es J u ne 1894 ) re ports

,
”
, ,

t h e c a se o f a th orou ghl y i nv e rt ed girl w h o m a rri e d th e b ro th e r O f t h e

frie nd t o wh om S he w as prev iou sl y a ttach e d m erel y i n orde r to secu re
hi s s i st e r s c omp a nionsh ip S he w a s a ble t o e nd u re a nd ev e n e nj oy i nter
’
.

c ou rs e b y i m agin ing tha t h er h u sb an d w h o re sem bl ed hi s si s ter w as , ,

a n o th e r s i s te r L i k i ng an d es teem for th e h u s ba nd gra du a ll y i nc rease d

.

a n d a ft e r th e S i s t e r di ed a ch i l d w as b orn wh o m u ch res em bl e d her ;

“
th e
w i fe s e stee m p as se d th rou gh l o ve o f the s i ster t o i ntens e n a tu ra l l o ve
’

O f t h e d au ght e r a s re se m bl i ng t h e S i s t e r ;
,
th rou gh th i s t o n orm al l ove O f
t h e h u s b an d a s t h e fa th e r and b ro t h e r Th e fi n al re su lt m a y h a v e b e en
”
.

s a t i s fa ct ory b u t th i s t ra i n o f c ir c u m s t an c e s c o u l d n o t h av e b een
,

ca lcu l a ted be fore h and .

 CO N C LU S I O N S . 1 99

ins tinct mig h t lead t o m arriage w i th ou t t he assu rance t h a t the norma l

ins tinct w o u ld b e s ta ble I w ri te there fore to exp la in my presen t c o n
.
, ,

di tion a nd crav e y o u r c ou nse l It i s w i th t he grea tes t relu cta nce th a t I

.

reveal t he clos ely gu a rde d sec re t of my l i fe I h a ve no othe r abnorma l i ty .

,

and h av e n o t h i th er t o b e t ra y e d m y a b n orm a l in s ti n ct I h a v e n ev e r .

m a de any p e rson the v i c t im o f pas si o n : mora l and religiou s fee l ings w ere
t o o po w erfu l . I h av e foun d my reve rence for o the r sou l s a p erfe ct safe
gu ard aga ins t a ny approach t o impu ri ty I h ave nev er had sex u al i n .

te res t i n w om en O nce I h a d a grea t fri en d sh ip w i th a b e a u ti fu l a n d

.

n o bl e w om an w i th o u t a ny mix tu re O f se x u a l fe el in g o n my p a r t
,
I w as .

igno ran t o f my c ondit ion and I h av e t he b i tte r regret O f h a v ing cau se d

,

i n h er a h op e l e ss l o v e —pro u dl y an d tragi c a ll y c o n cea le d to h er dea th My .

fri en dsh ip s w i th m en you nge r m en hav e b een c o lored by p as s ion aga i ns t

, , ,

wh i ch I h av e fo u ght con tinu all y The sh am e of th is has m ade l i fe a h e ll

.
,

an d t he h orror o f th i s a b n orm a l i ty s i n c e I c a m e t o k n o w i t a s su ch h a s
, ,

bee n a n enemy t o my re l ig iou s fa i th H ere there c o u l d b e no case o f a

.

di v inel y giv en i ns t i nct wh i ch I w a s t o lea rn t o u s e in a ra tio na l a nd

chas te fash ion u n der th e c on trol of s piri tu al l oy alty T he po w e r wh i ch
,
.

ga ve m e l ife see m ed t o in s i st on my doing th a t for wh i ch t he sa m e power

w ou ld s ti ng m e w i th remorse If there i s no remedy I m u s t e i the r c ry
.

o u t ag a i ns t t h e in j u s ti c e O f th i s l i fe o f t o rme n t b e tw ee n na t u re and c o n

s c i en c e o r s u b mi t t o t h e bl i nd t r u s t o f b a ffl ed ign or a nc e
,
If there i s a .

rem edy l i fe w i ll not se em t o b e su ch a n i nt o lerabl e ordea l I a m no t .

p le adi ng th a t I m u s t su ccu m b t o imp u lse I do no t dou b t tha t a p u re ,

celi ba te l i fe i s po ssibl e so f ar as a ct ion i s c oncerne d B u t I cann ot d i s .

cover th a t fri endsh ip w i th you nger m en c an go o n u n c olore d by a sensu

o us a dm i x t u re wh i ch fills m e w i th s h a me a n d l oa th i n g Th e gra ti fica tio n .

o f p ss io
a n — n a a n a —
or l or b orm l i s repu ls i v e to es th e ti c fee li ng I am
m .

ne a r l y 4 2 a nd I h a v e al w a y s di v er te d my se lf from p e rs o na l i n t e re s ts th a t

th rea te ned to be c om e dangerou s t o m e More th an a yea r ag o h o we ver

.
, ,

a ne w fa te se e m e d t o ope n t o my u n h a ppy a nd l o nel y l i fe I be ca me .

in tima te w i th a youn g m an o f twen ty o f t he rare s t b eau t y O f form ,

and ch a ra c t e r I am c on fi den t tha t h e i s and a lw ays has been p u re H e

. .

l i ves an ex alte d mora l an d rel igi o u s l i fe domi n a te d b y th e idea tha t

h e and al l m e n are pa rtne rs o f t h e di v in e na tu re a nd a bl e i n t h e ,

s t reng th O f th a t na t u re t o b e free from e v i l I b e li eve h im to b e norm al

. .

H e s h o w s p le as u re i n t he s oc i e ty o f a ttra c t i ve y ou ng w om en a n d i n an
inn o cen t l ight h ea rte d w ay re fers t o the time wh en h e m ay b e able t o
-

marry H e i s a ge ne ra l fa v ori te b u t tu rned to m e a s t o a fri en d an d

.
,

teache r H e i s poo r and i t w as po ss ible for m e to gu a rantee h im a goo d

.
,

e d u ca t io n . I b egan t o h elp h im from th e l ong ings o f a l onel y l i fe I .

w ante d a so n and a fri end i n my in w ard des olat ion I c rav e d t he c om .

p a n i o ns hi p O f th i s p u r e a n d h a ppy n a t u r e I f e lt s u ch a r e v
. e re n c e fo r

hi m t h a t I h oped to find t he s ens u o u s el e m e nt i n m e p u rge d a w a y b y

200 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

his p u ri ty I am indee d u tterly i n cap able of doi ng h im harm ; I am not

.
, ,

mora ll y w ea k ; nev e rth eless t he sensu o us elem en t i s t he re an d i t poi s ons ,

my h appiness H e i s ard en tly a fiec t i ona te and de mons tra ti v e H e

.
'

S p end s t he s u mm e r s w i th m e i n E u rop e a n d t h e t e n d e rness h e fee l s f or ,

me h as promp t e d h im at tim e s t o e m b r a c e a n d k i ss m e a s h e a l way s

h a s do ne t o h i s fa th e r O f l a t e I h a v e be gu n o fe a r th a t w i th o u t w i ll or
.

t
des ire I m ay i nj u re the s prings o f fee l i ng i n h im es pec ia l ly i f i t i s t ru e ,

th at the h omose x u al ten dency i s latent i n mos t m en The lo ve h e sh ows .

m e i s my j oy b u t a poi s one d joy It i s t h e b read a nd w ine O f l i fe t o m e ;

,
.

b u t I da re n o t th i nk wh a t h i s arden t a ff ec tion might ripe n i nt o I c a n go .

o n fig ht i ng t h e b a ttl e O f good an d e v i l i n my a ttac h m e n t t o h im but I ,

ca nno t de fine my du ty t o h im To sh u n h im w ou l d b e cru e lty and w ou l d

.

be l i e hi s tru s t i n h u m an fi del i ty W i tho u t my fri endsh ip he w i ll no t ta k e

.

—
my mon y t he condi ti on of a la rge ca reer I might i ndeed exp lai n to
e .
, ,

h im wh a t I expla in to y ou b u t the ordea l a n d sha m e are to o great and I

, ,

ca nno t se e wh a t go od i t w o u l d do I f he h as t he ca pa c i ty O f homose xu al
.
‘

feel ing he might b e v i o len tly s tim u la ted ; i f he i s in cap able o f i t he ,

w o u l d fee l re p u l s ion .

S u pp os e th en th a t I s h o u l d s e e k h yp n o ti c t rea tm en t I s t i ll do
, , ,

n o t kn o w wh a t tri ck s a n a bn orm al n a t u r e mig ht p l a y m e wh en di v e r te d

b y su gges tion I might lo se t he joy o f th i s frien dsh ip w i tho u t any c om

.

p e n s a t i o.n I a m a fr a id ; I a m a f r a id ! M ig ht I no t b e i n fl u e n c e d t o s h u n

t h e o n l y p e r s on s wh o i nspir e u nse lfi s h f ee l i ng ?
“
B ear w i th th is a cc ou n t o f my s to ry Man y v ir tu e s a re eas y for m e .
,

a nd my l i fe i s s p en t i n p u rs u i ts O f c u lt u r e Al as th a t al l the c u ltu re .
,

w i th wh i ch I am c redi ted al l t h e pra yers an d as pira tions all the strong

, ,

w i ll an d h eroi c res olves h ave no t rid my natu re o f th i s ev il ben t Wha t .

I lo ng for is th e right to l ove n o t for th e m ere ph y s i ca l g ra ti fica tion

, ,

for t he right t o ta ke an o th er in to th e arm s o f my h ea rt and pro fess all

t he te n d e rn e s s I fee l t o find my j oy i n p l an n i ng hi s c are er w i th h im
, ,

as o n e wh o i s rig htfu ll y a n d na t u r a ll y e n t i tl e d t o do so I crave th i s .

s i n c e I ca n n o t h av e a s o n I leave t h e m a tter h ere

. .

“
Wh en I read wh a t I h av e w ri tt en I see ho w poi ntl ess i t i s It i s .

po ss ibl e i ndee d tha t broodi ng ov er my pers onal c ala mi ty m agni fies i n my

, ,

mi nd t he sense of danger to th i s fri end th rou gh m e an d th a t I onl y need ,

t o fin d t he right relat ion O f frien d l iness c ou p le d w i th aloo fnes s wh i ch

w i ll se c u re h im aga i ns t any t oo ardent a tta ch m en t Ce rta i n ly I h a ve n o .

fea r th at I shall forget myself Y et tw o th i ngs a rra y th e m se lve s o n th e

.

o th er sid e I reb el in w a rd l y aga i ns t the n e ce ss i ty o f i s ol ati ng my self

:

a s i f I w e re a pe s t i l en c e an d I r e b e l ag a i n s t t h e ta i nt o f s e n s u o u s fee l i n g
,
.

Th e n o rm al m a n c a n fee l th a t h i s i ns ti n ct i s no s h a m e wh en t h e spiri t i s
i n c on trol . I kn ow th a t to the c on s c iou s ness o f o th ers my i nst i nct i ts elf
w ou l d be a sh am e an d a b a sene s s an d I h av e n o tend en cy to c on s tru ct ,

a mor a l s y st e m f or my s e lf I h a ve t o b e su re mom e n ts wh en I d e clare

.
, ,
 CO N C LU S I O N S . 201

to myself tha t I w i ll have my sens u ou s grat ificatio n as w ell as other

m en b u t t he mom en t I th i n k o f t h e w i ck e d ness o f i t t h e r eb e ll ion i s s oo n
, , ,

ove r T he di ses te em o f self t he sense of ta in t t he n e ces s i ty o f w i th

.
, ,

dra w ing from h a ppi ness les t I comm un i ca te my ta in t th a t i s a spiri tu a l ,

m alady wh i ch m akes th e grou n d t one O f my exi sten ce one o f pa in an d -

m elan ch ol y S h ou l d y o u h av e only some mora l c onso lation w i th ou t th e

.

promi se o f m edi ca l a ss i stan ce I sh ou l d fee l gra tefu l

,
.
”

I n s u ch a c a s e a s th i s o ne c a n do l i ttl e more tha n a d v i se t he s u fl erer

'

that h ow ever p ai n fu l hi s l o t m ay b e i t i s not w i th ou t i ts c o nsola tions

, , ,

a n d th a t h e w o u l d b e b es t a d v i se d t o p u r s u e as ch ee rfu ll y a s m a b e t h
y e , ,

p a th tha t he has a lrea dy l ong s in ce m a rke d o u t for h im self T he i nver t .

s om e t im e s fa i l s t o re a l ize th a t for n o m an w i th h igh mo ra l idea l s h o w ev e r ,

n orm al h e m a y b e i s t h e co nd u ct O f l i fe ea s y a n d th a t i f t h e i nv er t
, ,

h as t o b e s a ti s fi e d w i th a fl ec t i o n w i th ou t p as s i on an d t o l i v e a l i fe o f
'

ch astity he i s doing no more than th ou san ds of norm al m en have done

, ,

v o lu ntari ly an d con ten ted ly AS t o h ypn oti s m i n su ch a ca se as th i s

.
,

i t i s altogeth er u nreas onabl e to e xpec t th a t su gges ti on w i ll su ppl ant t h e

de epl y rooted o rgan i c imp u lses tha t ha ve g ro w n u p du ring a li fe time
- -
.

I m ay b e pe rmi tted t o mention he re tha t s in ce the firs t edi t io n ,

o f th i s b oo k a pp ea re d M o ll h a s expre s se d h im self i n a l mo s t identi c a l

,

term s rega rdi ng S c hrenc k N o tz i ng s m eth od o f trea tm en t ( A Moll D i e

-
’
.
,

B eh a nd lu ng d er H om os ex u ali tat J ahr bu c h fii r s ewu c l le Z wi s c hens tu fen

,
”
,

B 2 1900 p 22 C f a l s o the s a m e a u th or s Kontrii rc S ea u a l emp flnd u ng

’
.
, , . . .
, , ,

1899 pp 45 9 c i
, . M oll s opi n ion i s th e more v a lu abl e since h e
’

i s th e au th or O f o ne O f the mos t th oro u gh an d j u di c iou s s tu dies o f

hypn o tis m tha t h ave yet appeared H e be liev es tha t h ypno ti sm m ay .

b e u s e f u l i n c er ta i n c ases o f h omo s ex u al i t y b u t o n ly i n c e rta i n c ases ,

.

H e poi nt s ou t a l s o th a t i t i s b y n o m e a ns easy t o su gge s t no rm a l sex u al

, ,

rel a tionsh ip s to an i nver t du ri ng h yp n osi s and brings fo rw ard a case i n ,

w h i ch t he p a ti en t res i s te d s u ch s u gges tion s ev en w h en i n t he d ee p stag e

of h yp nos i s Moll a ls o expresses h im self as decidedl y opposed to the
.

ma rriage o f i nver ts .

F éré aga i n ha s re centl y expresse d h im se lf c on ce rn in g t he gene ra l

, ,

t rea tm ent o f h om o sexu al i ty i n the sam e se nse as I h av e done and e v en ,

more emph a ti ca ll y ( F eré L I ns ti nc t S amu el 1899 pp 272 ,

’
H e , , .
,

c ons id ers th at all form s o f congeni ta l i n ver sio n res is t trea tm ent and th at , ,

s i n c e a ch ange i n t h e i n ve r t s i n s t i n ct s m u s t b e reg a rd ed r a th e r a s a per

’

version O f t he i nv er t th an a cu re o f t he i nvers ion one m ay b e permi tte d ,

t o dou bt not onl y the u ti l i ty o f the trea tm en t b u t ev en th e leg i tima cy ,

o f a ttemp ting i t The trea tm ent o f se xu al invers i on h e de cl a res i s as

.
, ,

m u ch o u ts id e th e pro vi nc e o f m ed i c i ne as th e r e st ora tio n o f c o l or v i sion i n -

t h e c o l or bl in d Th e ideal wh i ch th e p h y si c i a n an d the te a ch er m u s t p l a c e
-
.

be fore t he in v er t i s th at of chas ti ty ; h e m u s t seek t o h a rness hi s w ago n

t o a st ar .
202 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

We c an s el dom th eref or e safely c o n grat ul at e ours elv es on

, ,
“
th e s u cc ess O f any c u r e o f i n ve rsio n
”
T h e su cc ess is un l i k el y .

t o b e ei th er p erm an en t or c omp l et e in th e c as e o f a d ec id ed ,

in v er t ; an d in the mos t s u cc ess fu l c as es w e h av e simp ly pu t

i n t o the in v er t s h ands a po w er o f r eprod u ct ion wh i ch i t is u n
’

d e sirabl e h e sh o u l d poss ess Th e mos t sat i sfact ory r esu lt is pro b

.

abl y O bt ai n e d i f i t i s possi bl e b y dir ec t an d i n dir ec t m eth ods

t o r ed u c e the se xu al h yp er esth esi a wh i ch u su all y exis t s wh en th e

m edi c al t r eat m en t o f inv ersion c o m es i n t o qu est ion an d b y ,

psy ch i c m eth ods t o r efin e an d spiri t u al iz e th e in v er te d imp u l s e ,

’
S O th at th e in v er t s n at u r al p erv ersion m ay no t b ec om e a c au s e

O f ac quir e d p er v ersi t y in o th ers Th e i n v er t is no t on l y th e v i c

.

t im o f h is ow n ab norm al ob se ssion h e is th e v i ct im o f so c i al ,

h ost i l i ty We mus t s eek t o dis t inguish th e p ar t in h is su ff erings

.

d u e t o th es e tw o c au s es Wh en I r ev i ew th e c as es I h av e b ro u ght
.

f orw ard an d th e m ent al h ist ory O f i n v er t s I h av e kn o w n I am ,

in cl in ed t o say th at i f we c an en abl e an i n v er t t o b e h ealth y s elf ,

r es t rai n ed an d s elf r esp ect ing w e h av e O ft en don e b ett er th an t o

,
-
,

c on v ert h im i n t o th e m er e feebl e sim u l ac rum o f a norm al m an .

A n app eal t o the p ai d eras ti a O f th e b es t Gr eek days an d th e ,

dign i t y t emp eran c e ev en ch ast i t y wh i ch i t in v o lv ed w i ll some

, , , ,

t im es fin d a r eady r espo n s e i n the em o t io n al en th usi as t i c n at ur e ,

o f th e c ong en i tal in v er t Th e m an l y l o ve c el eb rat ed b y Walt

.
”

Wh i t m an i n L ea ves of G rass alth o u gh i t m ay b e O f mor e do u bt

,

f u l v al u e f or g en er al u s e fu r n is h e s a wh o l e som e an d ro b us t
,

id eal t o th e in v e r t wh o is i n s ensi t i v e t o norm al id eal s I t is b y

1
.

som e su ch m eth od o f s elf t r eat m en t as th is th at mo s t o f the mor e

-

h ighly int el l igen t m en an d w om en wh os e h ist ori es I h av e alr eady

b rie fly r ec ord ed h av e at l as t S l o wl y an d ins t i n ct i v ely reach ed a
c o n di t ion o f r el at i v e h ealth an d p eac e b o th p h ysi c al an d moral ; ,

T h e m e th od o f s elf r es t rai n t an d s elf c u lt u r e w i th ou t s elf

- -
,

r epr ession s eems t o b e th e mos t rat ion al m eth od O f deal ing w i th

,

s e x u al i n v e r s io n wh en th at c o n di t io n is r eall y org an i c an d d eep l y

I n th i s c onne ct ion I
m a y m e n io n a t f orthc o m i ng b oo k ent itl e d
I o l au s : a n An tho log y o f F ri end s hi p , e di e d t b y E d w a rd Ca rp e nte r n o t ,

t ch ctl
ou ing dire y o n se x m a er s , b u t d ea ing tt l w i th t he rom a n ce o f frie n d
s h ip
.
 CO N C LU S I O N S . 203

roo t ed I t is b ett er th at a m an sh oul d b e en abl ed t o m ak e th e

.

b es t o f h is own s t rong n at ural ins t in ct s w i th al l th eir d i sad van ,

t ag es th an th at h e s h o u l d be u ns ex e d an d p erv ert e d c rush ed

, ,

in t o a posi t ion wh i ch h e h as no n at u r al ap t i t u de t o o cc u py As .

b o th R aff al ov i c h an d F éré h av e lat ely i n sis t e d i t is th e ideal o f ,

ch as t i ty r ath er th an O f n orm al s exu al i ty wh i ch th e c o n g eni t al

, ,

inv er t sh ou l d h o l d b efor e h is ey es H e m ay no t h av e in h im th e
.

m ak ing o f l hom m e m oyen s ens u el ; h e m ay h av e in h im the

’

m ak ing o f a s ai n t What good w or k i n th e w or l d th e in v ert ed

.

m ay do is s h o w n b y th e h is t ori c al examp l es o f dis t i n g u ish ed

in v er t s ; an d wh i l e i t i s c er t ain l y t ru e th at th es e c on sid er at io n s
,

app l y ch i efly t o th e fin er gr aine d n at u r e s th e h i stori e s I h av e

-

b rought t og eth er su ffic e t o S h o w th at s u ch n at ur es c ons t i t u t e a

c onsid e r ab l e propor t ion o f i n v er t s Th e h el p l e ss l y gross s exu al
.

app et i t e c ann o t th us b e influ en c ed ; b u t th at re m ains t ru e

wh eth er th e app et i t e is h omos exu al or h et eros exu al an d no th i ng ,

is gai n ed b y en abl ing i t t o feed on w om en as w ell as on m e n .

We h av e always t o r em emb er an d th ere is i n d eed no pos

, , ,

si b i l i ty o f f org ett ing th at the q u est ion o f h omos exual i ty is a

,

so c i al qu es t ion W i th in c ert ain l imi t s th e gr at i fic at ion o f the

.
,

no rm al s exu al imp u l s e ev en ou t sid e m arri age arous es no gen

, ,

er al or pro f o u nd indig n at io n ; an d is r eg ard e d as a pri v at e

m att er ; rightl y or wro n gly th e grat ific at ion O f th e h omose xual

,

imp u l s e is regard ed as a p u bl i c m att er T h is att i t u d e is more .

or l ess exactly refl ect e d i n th e l aw T h us i t h app en s th at wh en

.

ev er a m an is op en l y de t ect e d in a h omos ex u al ac t h o w ev er ex ,

em pl ary h is l i f e m ay pr ev io u s l y h av e b een h o w ev er admir abl e ,

i t m ay st i ll b e i n al l o th er r el at ions ev ery ordi n ary n orm al c i t i

,

z e n h o w e v e r l i c en t io u s an d p l eas u r e l o v i n g h is o w n l i f e m ay b e
,
-
,

f eel s i t a mor al dut y t o r egard the O ff end er as h op el ess l y d amn ed

an d t o h el p in h o u n di n g h im ou t O f so c i e t y A t v ery b ri ef i n .

t erval s c ases o cc ur an d w i th ou t r each i n g th e ne w sp ap ers are

.

m o r e or l e ss w id el y k no w n i n wh i ch dis t i ng u ish e d m en i n
,

v ari ou s fi el ds no t s el dom cl e rgym en s u dd en l y dis app ear from

, ,

th e c o u n t ry or c ommi t s u i c id e in c ons e qu en c e o f som e s u ch

e xposur e or th e th r e at o f i t I t is pro b abl e th at many o b s c u r e
.

t rag e di e s c ou l d fi nd th e ir e xp l an at ion in a h omos exu al c au s e .

2 04 SEX UAL I NVE R S I O N .

S om e O va riou s t rag i c way s i n wh i ch h om ose x u a l p as si ons are

f the
rev ea led to s o c i e ty m ay b e i ll u s tr a te d b y the foll o w ing c omm u ni cati on
fr om a corre spo ndent no t h im se lf i nv erte d wh o h e re narrates ca se s th a t
, ,

ca m e u nder hi s O b serv a tion i n v ariou s part s o f th e U n i te d S ta tes T he .

cases re ferred to w i ll be kno w n to m any b u t I have di sgu i se d t he na mes ,

O f p e r so ns an d p l a c es :

A t t h e ag e O f 14 I w a s a ch ori s te r at ch u r ch wh o se ch oir
“
,

m a s te r an E ngl i sh m a n nam e d M W M w a s a n a cc ompl i sh e d m an

,
. . .
, ,

see mi ng l y a pe r fe ct ge n tl e m an an d a d e v o u t ch u r ch m a n
, H e ne v e r .

s ee m e d t o c a re f o r t he s oc i e ty o f la di e s ne v e r mi ngl e d m u ch w i th t he ,

m en b u t so u ght c omp a n i o ns h ip w i th t h e ch ori s t er s of m y age

,
H e f re .

qu ently v i si te d a t the h om es of hi s fav ori tes to te a a nd wh en he a sked , ,

t h e p a re n ts c on se n t f or G e orge s or F ran k s c omp a ny o n an ex c u rs io n or

’ ’ ’

t o t he th ea t e r a n d the n t o s pe nd t h e n ight w i th h im s u ch r equ es t w a s

, ,

i nv ariably gran tc d I s h a l l ev er re m e mb er my firs t n ig ht w i th h im ; he

.

b ega n b y fondl ing and ca ress ing m e qu i e ti ng my ala rm b y as su ran ces o f ,

n o t h u r t i ng m e a n d a fte r i n v o k i ng m e t o s ec re c y an d w i th promi s e s o f
,

m an y fu tu re p l eas u res I c on sen t ed t o hi s des ire or p ass ion wh i ch h e

, ,

see m e d t o sa t i s fy b y a n a tte mp t a t f el l a ti o W a s th i s depra v i ty ? .

I w o u l d say N O ! a fter reading hi s su b sequ en t c onfess ion f ou n d i n h i s

‘ ’
,

room a ft e r hi s d ea th b y s u i c ide T h i s w a s b ro u ght ab ou t b y h i s too i nti

.

m ate rel a tions w i th t he re ct or s so n wh o con tra cte d S t V i tu s s dan ce a nd

’
.
’

i n t h e de l iri u m o f a fe ve r th a t fo ll o w e d from n e r v ou s e x h au st ion t o l d o f

h im and h i s doi ngs A th orou gh i n v est iga tion t oo k p lace and M fl e d a
. .
,

b roke n hear te d and di sgra ced m a n wh o as th e res u lt of remorse relen t

-

, , ,

less persecu tion a nd e xposu re th ro u gh s e veral years ende d h i s l i fe by

, ,

drowni ng h im self I n h i s c onfe ss ion he spoke of h a v i ng bee n ra i sed u n de r

.

a s t ron g mo ral re s t r a i n t a n d h a v i n g l i v e d a n e x e mp l ary l i fe w i th the ,

e x c e p t io n o f th i s s tr an ge d e s ire th a t h i s w i l l po w e r c o u l d n o t c o n t ro l -
.

T h e ne x t ca se i s t h a t O f C H H e c a m e of a n O l d fami l y O f b r a i n y
“
. .

m en wh o h a v e an d do y e t o cc u py promi nen t p l a ce s i n t h e p u l pi t an d t h e
, ,

b ar a nd w a s h i m se lf a gi ft ed you ng a ttor ne y
, I k ne w h im in tima tely .
,

a s for s i x y ea r s h e w a s a cl o se n e ighb o r a n d w e w e re a ss o c i a te d i n l o dge

'

w ork H e w a s an e ff e mi nate l i ttle fell o w h eight 5 fee t 2 i n ch es ; w e ight

. : , ,

105 po u n d s ; v e ry n ea r S ighte d ; an d h a d a l ight v oi c e n o t a t rebl e o r

-

fal setto b u t s ti ll a v oi c e th at d e tra cted m a te ri ally from th e b eau ti fu l

,

rhe t ori c th a t flo w ed fr om h i s l ip s H e h a d se rve d h i s c o u nt ry a s i t s .

repre s en t a ti v e i n t he L egi sl a tu re a nd h a d re ce i ve d t he n omi na t ion f or

s e na t or ov e r a h a rd fo u g ht po l i t i c a l b a ttl e
,
-
Th e l as t c a n v as s an d s p ee ch es .

were m ad e at a t ow n wh i ch w as i n c on se qu e nce crow de d Th a t ni gh t , , .

H h a d to o ccu py a ro om w i th a s trange r nam e d E a t rav e l i ng salesm an

.
, .
,
.

T h e re w ere tw o be d s i n th i s ro om Mr E o n t h e foll ow in g d ay to l d . . .
,

s e v e ra l p e op l e th a t d u ri n g t h e night h e w a s a w a k e n e d b y H wh o h ad .
,

c om e o ve r t o h i s b e d and had hi s mou th o n hi s pe rs o n and th at h e had ‘

,
’
 CO N C LU S I O N S . 2 05

th rea te ne d t o k i ck h im ou t o f t he ro om b u t th a t H p lea de d w i th h im , .

an d fe l l o n hi s k nee s and s w ore th a t h e h a d b ee n o v e r c om e b y a p a s s io n

tha t he h a d here to fore co n tro lle d and b egged O f h im no t t o e xpose h im ,

.

T h ese fac ts coming t o th e n o ti c e o f h i s opponen ts w i th in tw en ty fo u r ,

-

h o u rs th ey h as tene d to tak e adv anta ge of i t b y p lac arding H as a se c ond

,
.

O sc a r Wi l de an d st a t i ng t h e facts as f a r a s de cen c y a n d t he l a w a ll o w e d
,
.

H s fr i e n d s c a m e t o h im an d ga v e h im o ne O f tw o a l te rna ti v es : i f g u i lty
’ ’
.
,

e i th e r to k i l l h im se lf or l e a v e th a t se ctio n fore v e r ; i f n o t g u i lty to sl ay ,

h i s t rad u c e r E H a ffi rm ed hi s i nn o c en c e a nd i n c omp a ny w i th tw o

, . .
,

friends C and J too k th e tra i n for

,
. L e a r ni n g th e re th a t E w a s .

a t a t o w n tw e lv e m i les e as t th e y h ir e d a fas t l i v e ry a n d dro v e o v e rl an d

,
.

Th ey fou n d E a t t h e sta tion a w a i ti n g t h e a rri va l O f a tra in H w i th

.
, . .
,

a pi s t o l s t ro d e for w a rd a n d i n hi s e x c i t e m en t sa id Y o u e xpos e d m e
‘
,
: ,

did yo u ? Be ing nea r S ighte d hi s ai m prov ed w ide of i ts m a rk E

’
-

,
. .

s pra ng for w a rd a n d gr a pp l ed w i th H for poss es s ion O f t he pi s t ol and .

,

w as fi r ed u pon b y C an d J wh o s h o t h im i n t h e ba ck . H e e xpired i n a .

f e w min u t es hi s l as t s ta te m en t b e i n g to t h e e ff e ct th a t H w as g u i l t y
, .

a s a cc u se d H C a nd J
. w ere se n ten ced t o t he p eni te nt i a ry for l i fe
.
, .
, . .

D u ri ng my s ix y ea r s a c qu a in ta n ce w i th H I k ne w O f n o th i ng d e roga to ry
’
.

to hi s ch a r a cte r n o r has an yone e ve r c om e f or w a rd t o sa y tha t o n an y

,

oth e r occasion h e e v er di s pla ye d th i s w ea kne ss I kn o w h i s ea rly li fe .

h a d a p u re a tmo s p h e r e as h e w a s a n o n l y ch i l d a nd th e ido l O f b o th h i s
,

p are n ts w h o bu i lde d h igh their h o pe s o f hi s fu tu re s u cce ss an d wh o

, ,

s u r v i v e th i s di s gra c e b u t ar e b ro k en h ea r t e d ,
-
.

T h e ne x t c as e i s th a t o f t he R ev T W pro fe s so r a t t h e U ni v ers i ty
“
. . .
,

of Mr W i s a sch ol ar ly ge n tl e m an a fl a bl e i n hi s a ddress e l o
'

. .
, ,

qu en t i n h i s ora tory and a fine cla ss i c a l s ch ola r H e w as expose d b y

, .

s om e O f h i s s t u d e n t s wh o t o u se a slang ph rase a ccu sed h im o f b e i ng

, , ,

a h ead w orke r A t hi s exa mi n a tion b y th e fa cu lty h e con fe s se d h i s

‘
-
.
’

w ea kn e ss an d sa id h e c o u l d n ot co n tro l hi s u nh ol y p a s s ion H i s resigna

, .

t ion w as a ccep ted b oth b y th e ch u r ch and t he c ollege and h e le ft , .

I k no w o f a f e w o ther cas e s th a t h ave th e ir pe cu l i a r t ra i ts and

“
,

a m c o n fi d en t th a t th e se p e r s o n s did n o t b e c o m e pos s ess e d o f th i s h a b i t

throu gh t he s o c alle d i ndi s cre tions O f yo u th a s i n every case th eir e arl y

-
‘ ’
,

l i fe w as free r from c ontaminat ion th an th a t O f 90 p er cen t o f t he b oys .

wh o on rea ch i ng m an s e st a te h ave l i ke my self no des ire to dev i ate from

,
’
, , ,

th e O l d fa s h io ne d w ay f orm u la te d b y o u r an c i e nt s ire Ad a m
-

, .

I t c an s c ar c ely b e s aid th at the c o n s c io u sn ess o f th is att i

t ud e o f so c i et y i s fav orab l e t o th e in ve r t s att ai n m en t o f a fairl y ’

s an e and w el l b al an c e d s t at e O f mi n d Th is is ind eed on e o f

-
.
, ,

th e gr e at d i fli c u l ti e s in h is w ay an d o ft en c aus e s h im t o w av e r ,

b etw ee n ex t r em es o f m el an ch ol i a and ego t ist i c ex alt at ion We .

2 06 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

r egard al l h o m os e xu al i t y w i th ab so l ut e and unmi t igat ed disgus t .

We h av e b ee n t aught t o v en e rat e A l ex and e r th e Gr eat E p am ,

inondas S o c r at e s an d o th e r an t iqu e h ero e s ; b u t th ey are

, ,

s af el y b uri e d in th e r emo t e p as t an d do no t aff e ct our s c orn O f ,

h omos exu al i t y in th e pr es en t T h er e is undo u bt e d l y a d eep ly .

f ound ed r e ason f or th is h orror an d disgus t alth ough in ,

E ng l and i t h as on l y ap p ear e d d u ring th e l as t f ew c en t uri e s .

Our mod ern att i t ud e i s som et im e s t r ac ed b ack t o th e J ew is h

l aw an d i ts sur v i v al in S t P au l s opinion on th is m att e r
’
. .

Bu t the J ew is h l aw i t s elf had a f ound at io n Wh er ev er th e .

e n l arg e m e n t o f th e popu l at ion b ec om e s a s t ro n g l y felt so c i al

n e ed — ,
as i t w as among th e J ew s in th eir ex alt at io n o f
fami ly l i f e an d as i t was wh e n th e E urop ean n at ion s w e r e
-
,

—
c ons t i t u t ed th er e h omos ex u al i t y has b een r eg ard e d as a
,

c rim e ev en p u nishabl e w i th d eath T he I n c as o f an c i en t Peru

, .
,

in the f ury o f th eir d evast at ion ev en d est roy ed a wh o l e t o w n ,

wh er e sodomy h ad on c e b een d et ect ed I do n o t k n o w i f i t h as .

b een poin t ed ou t b ef or e that th er e s eems t o b e a c ert ai n r el at io n

sh ip be tw een th e so c i al r eact ion agains t h omos ex u al i ty and
ag ains t in fan t i c id e Wh er e the on e is r egard ed l eni en tl y and
.

fav orabl y th er e gen erall y th e o th er is al so ; wh ere the on e is

,

s t amp ed ou t the o th er is u su all y st amp ed ou t Ev en the for c efu l

,
.

N orm ans c o u l d no t go ag ain st th e st r eam and O bt ain r ec ogni t ion

f or th eir s t rong h omos exu al i n st i n ct s any wh er e in E u rop e ex c ep t ,

app ar en tl y in E n g l and wh ere l eg is l at i on ag ains t s odomy b egin

, ,

n ing und er H en ry V I II has a som ewh at sp ec i al an d re c en t

,

origin .

I t w as in th e f o u r th c en t u ry at R om e th at th e s t rong mod , ,

ern opposi t ion t o h omos exu al i t y w as fi rs t cl ear l y f ormu l at e d in

l aw 1
. The R om an r ac e had l ong b een d ec ayi n g ; s exu al p er v er
sions o f al l k inds flourishe d ; th e pop u l at ion was d w i n d l ing A t .

th e s am e t im e Ch ris t i ani t y w i th i t s J u d ai c P au l i n e an t agonism

, ,
-

t o h omos exu al i t y was rapid l y spr eading Th e st at esm en o f the

,
.

d ay anxio u s t o q u i ck en th e fai l i n g p u l s es o f n at io n al l i fe u t i l
, ,

1
R om an l a w prev iou sl y see m s t o h av e been confined in th i s m atte r
to the prote ction o f b oy s .
 CO N C LU S I O N S . 20 7

i z ed this po w er fu l Ch rist ian f eel i n g C onst an t in e T h eodosi u s .

, ,

an d Vale n t ini an all p ass ed l aw s ag ains t h omo s ex u al i t y th e l as t , ,

at all ev en t s ord ai n i n g as p en alt y th e vi nd i ces flamm ce ; b u t

,

th eir en act m en t s do no t s eem t o h av e b een st ri ctly c arri ed ou t .

I n th e y ear 5 3 8 Jus t inian pro fessi n g t error o f c ert ain famin es

, , ,

ear th qu ake s an d p es t i l e n c e s in wh i ch h e saw th e mys t erio u s

,
“
r ec o m p ens e wh i ch w as m eet prop h esi ed b y S t Paul iss u ed ” 1
.
,
“
h is edi ct c ond emning unn at ural o ff end ers t o th e s w ord l es t as ,

th e r e su lt o f th e s e impio u s act s ( as th e pr e am bl e t o h is N o v ell a

”

“
7 7 h as i t ) wh o l e c i t i e s s h o u l d p e ris h t og e th e r w i th th e ir i n ,

h ab i t an t s ; f or w e are t au ght b y H o l y S c rip t ur e th at th ro u gh

th ese act s c i t i es h av e p erish e d w i th th e m en in th em T h is .

e di ct ( wh i ch Jus t i n i an f o ll o w ed u b y f r s h ordi n n c e t o t h e
p a e a

s am e eff ect ) c onst i t u t ed the fou n d at ion o f l egal en act m en t an d

so c i al opinion c on c erning the m att er in E u rop e f or th ir t een h u n
dred y ears I n Fran c e th e vi n d i ces flam m ce s u rvi v ed t o the last ;
3
.

S t L ouis had h and e d o v e r th e s e s ac ri l egious O ff end e rs t o th e

.

Ch ur ch t o b e b urn ed ; in 1 7 5 0 tw o p ed erast s w ere b urn ed in th e

P l ac e d e Grev e and on l y a f ew y ears b ef or e th e R ev o l u t ion a
,

c ap u ch in mon k n am e d Pas c al was al so b urn ed .

A ft er th e R ev o l u t io n h o w eve r b egan a n ew mo v emen t

, , ,

wh i ch h as c on t inu ed s l o wl y an d st eadi l y ev er sin c e th o u g h i t st i ll ,

di v id es E u rop ean n at ions in t o tw o gro u ps J u st ini an Ch arl e .

,

m agn e an d S t L o u is h ad insis t e d on th e sin and s ac ri l ege o f

,
.

sodomy as th e ground for i t s p u nish m en t I t was doub tl ess .

l arg el y as a re l igi ous O ff ens e th at the C od e N ap oleon omi tt ed t o

’

punish i t Th e Fr en ch l aw m ak es a cl ear an d l ogi c al dis t in ct ion

.

b e tw een c rim e on the on e h and v i c e an d irr el igion on th e ,

1
tl t o the R om ans Ch a pt er 1 ver se s 26 7
E pi s e , ,
-
.

1
I n pra cti ce th i s p e na l ty o f death a ppea r s t o h ave been s ometim e s
c om m u ted t o abla t ion of the sex u al organ s .

1
F o r a fu ll s k e tch o f t he l egal en a ctm e nt s ag a i ns t h omo se xu a l i n te r
c ou rse i n an c i en t a nd mod ern tim es see N u m a P rae tori u s D i e s trafl i c he n
, ,
“

Be stimm u ngen gegen d en gl e i chges chl ec htl i chen V e rk eh r Ja hr bu c h fii r

'

”
,

s ecc u e l l en Z i c i sc he ns tu f en B 1 pp 97 1 5 8
,
. Th i s w ri ter poi nts o u t tha t
, .
-
.

J u s ti ni a n and s t i ll more cl ea r l y P i u s V i n th e s ixt ee n th c en t u ry d i s

. , , ,

t i ng u i s he d b e tw ee n o cc a s iona l h om ose x u al i t y an d d ee p roo te d i n v ers io n -

,

h ab i tu al O ff enders al o ne no t th o se w h o h ad onl y be en gu i lty once or

,

t w i ce be i ng p u n i sh e d
,
.
2 08 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

o th e r on l y c on c erning i t s e lf w i th the f orm e r H omos e xu al

,
.

pract i ce s in pri vat e b etw een tw o c ons en t ing adult p art i es

, ,

wh eth er m en or w om en are ab so l ut el y unpunis h e d b y t he C od e

,

N ap oléon an d b y Fr en ch l aw o f t o d ay Onl y u nd er th ree c on

-
.

d i ti ons do es th e h omosex u al ac t c om e und er th e c ogni z an c e o f

th e l aw as a c rime : ( 1 ) wh en th er e is ou trage p ubli c at la p u d eu r ,

wh en th e ac t is p e rf orm ed in p u bl i c or w i th a possi b i l i t y
o f w i t n ess es ; ( 2) wh en th ere is v io l en c e or ab s en c e o f c ons en t in ,

wh at ev er d egr ee the ac t m ay h av e b een c o n summ at e d ; ( 3 ) wh en

on e o f th e p ar t i e s i s u nd e r age or un abl e t o gi v e v al id c o n s en t ;
,

in som e c ases i t app ears possi bl e t o app ly Art i cl e 3 34 o f th e p en al

c od e direct ed agains t h ab i tu al ex c i t at ion t o d eb au ch o f yo u ng
,

p ers o n s o f ei th er sex und er th e ag e o f

T h is m e th od o f d eal ing w i th un n at u ral O ff en s es h as spread
wid e l y th ro u gh E u rop e in th e e ar l y p ar t o f th e c en t ury b e c au s e
,

o f the po l i t i c al influ en c e o f Fr an c e an d mor e r ec en tl y b e c au se

,

s u ch an att i t u d e h as c omm en d ed i t s elf on i t s m eri t s I n B el gi u m .

an d in H o ll an d th e l aw is simi l ar to th at o f th e C od e N ap oléon ,

as i t is al so in S p ain an d Po rt u g al T h e n ew I t al i an C od e o f 1 889
.

h as al so adop t ed the pro v isions o f th e Fr en ch C od e I n S w i t z er .

l and the l aw is a l i ttl e v agu e and v ari es s l ightl y in th e di ff er en t

c an t o n s b u t i t i s no t s ev er e ; in G en ev a an d som e o th er c an t ons
,

th ere appe ars t o b e no p en alt y ; the g en eral t end en c y is t o i n fli ct

b ri ef imprisonm en t wh en s erious c omp l ai n t s h av e b een l odged ,

”
an d c as e s c an som et im e s b e s ettl ed pri v ate l y b y the m agi s t rat e .

Th e on l y E u r o pe an c o u n t ri es in wh i ch h omos exu al i t y p er s e
r em ain s a p en al offe ns e app ear t o b e G erm any A ust ri a Ru s sia , , ,

an d E ng l and I n s ev er al o f th e G erm an S t at es s u ch as B av ari a

.
,

an d H an o v e r si m p l e h omos ex u al i t y f orm er ly w en t u np u nis h ed

, ,

b u t wh en the l aw s o f Prus si a w er e i n 1 87 1 app l i ed t o th e n ew

1
C v
S e e h e a l i e r , L I nver si on S er u el le, 1 893 , pp 4 3 1 et s eq
’
. .

1
ct
I n t h e proj e e d S i s s w C l tl w
od e a e y dra n u p y a ommi s s ion o b c f
t c
e xpe r s at B e rn t h e i n fl u en e o f t h e F r enc h C
od e i s aga i n e ; o ff en es f lt c
ag a i n s t bl c c c h bl b
p u i de en y a re p u n i s a e y fine or impris on m en , an d an t
adu lt g u i y olt f t
u nn a u r a prl a i es ( w ct c
i d er na tii r l i c he Unz u c h t ) i a w th
h bl b
min or i s p u n i s a e y impri s onm en or at eas s i x mon s
. t f l t omo th . H
l
se x u a pr a ct c t
i e s p er so are n o t m en io ned ( V or entwur f z u ei nem S ehwei s e
ri sc hen S tra fg esetz bu c h, C a p V , .
 CO N C LU S I O N S . 2 09

G erm an E mpire th is c eased t o b e th e c as e an d un n at u ral c arn al ,

i t y b etw een m al es b ec am e an O ff en s e agains t th e l aw T h is art i .

c l e o f th e G erm an C ode S ct i h c us d gr t dis c ussion

( e o n 17 5 ) as a e ea

an d m u ch pr act i c al di ffic u lt y b ec aus e alth o u g h th e t erms o f th e

, ,

l aw m ak e i t n e c essary to u n d ers t and b y wi dern atii r li che Unz u cht

o th er pract i c es b esid es p wdi ca ti o no t ev ery h omos exual pract i c e
,

is i n cl ude d ; i t mus t b e som e pract i c e r esembl i n g norm al c oi t u s .

T h er e is a w id e spread opinio n th at th is ar t i cl e o f th e c od e s h ou l d
-

b e ab o l is h ed ; i t app e ars th at at on e t i m e an au th ori t at i v e c om

—
m i ttee c omprising n am es o f s u ch w e ight as v o n L an g enb eck ,

V irch o w B ard el eb en an d A W H o ff m an n pronoun c ed in

- —
, ,
. .

fav or o f th is st ep an d th eir proposi t ion c am e n ear adop t ion

,
.

T h e A u s t ri an l aw is som ewh at simi l ar t o th e G erm an b u t i t ,

app l i e s t o w om e n as w ell as t o m en ; th is is l ogi c al f or th er e is ,

no reason why h omos exu al i t y sh o u l d b e punis h ed i n m en an d le ft

unp u nish ed in w om en ; b ut the sch em e o f p en al r eform in A us
t ri a propos es t o omi t r ef er en c e t o w om en an d at the sam e t ime
greatl y t o diminish th e m axim u m pun i sh m en t assign ed t o th is
o ff ens e in m e n I n R ussi a th e law ag ains t h omos ex u al pract i c es
.

app ears t o b e ve ry s ev e r e in v o lv ing b anis h m en t t o S i b eri a an d

,

d ep ri vat ion o f c i v i l right s ; b u t i t c an s c ar c el y b e rigorous l y

ex ec u t e d.

Th e exis t ing l aw in E ngl and is s ev er e bu t simp l e C arn al , .

k no wl e d g e p er an u m o f ei th er a m an or a w om an or an anim al
is a f el ony ( u nd er 24 an d 25 Vi c t c 1 00 se c 6 1 ) punish abl e b y
,
.
,
.

p en al s erv i t ud e for l i fe as a m ax imum an d ten y ears as a mini

mum ; th e att emp t at s u ch c arnal k no wl edge is p u nis h abl e b y
ten y ears p en al s er v i t ud e Th e C rimin al L aw A m en dme n t A ct
’
.

o f 1 885 go es b eyond th is and m ak es ev en gro ss ind ec en c y

,
“ ”

b etw een m al es h o w ev er pri v atel y c ommi tt ed a p en al O ff en s e

,
1
, .

T he C ri min al L aw A m endm en t A ct is in m any r esp ect s an ad

mi rab le enact m en t : t o i t we ow e the raising o f th e age at wh i ch
Any m a l e p erso n w h o i n p u bl i c or pri v ate c ommi ts or i s a par ty ,

t o the c ommi ss ion o f or procu re s or atte mp ts t o pro cu re the c omm i ss ion

,

by any m ale p e rs on o f a ny ac t of gro ss ind e cen cy w i th an oth e r m al e

,

pers on sh all b e gu i lty o f a mi sd em ean or and be i ng c onv i c t ed t h ereo f

, , , ,

sh a ll b e l i a bl e at t h e di s c re tio n o f th e c o u rt to b e imp ri s on e d for an v

t erm no t ex cee di ng tw o y ea rs w i th or w i th o u t h ard l ab or
”
.
,
14
21 0 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

i t b ec om es lawful for a w om an t o c ons en t t o s ex u al in t er c o u rs e

from o v er tw elv e t o o v er sixte en Bu t th is A ct app ears t o h av e
.

b een s om ewh at h as t i l y c arri ed th rough an d m any O f i t s pro ,

v isio n s as w ell as i t s omissions h av e be en j u s tly subj ect ed t o

, ,

s eve re c ri t i c ism Th e clause from wh i ch I h av e qu o t ed is spe

.

“
c i al l y op en t o c ri t i c i sm W i th th e omissio n o f the w ords or
.

pri v at e the cl aus e w ou l d b e sound an d in h armony w i th the

,

mos t en l ight ene d E urop ean l egisl at ion ; b u t i t mu s t b e poin t ed

ou t th at an ac t o nl y b ec om es ind ec en t wh en th os e wh o p erf orm
i t or w i t n ess i t r egard i t as ind ec en t T he ac t wh i ch b rought .

each o f us in t o th e w or l d is no t ind e c en t ; i t w o u l d b ec om e so i f

c arrie d on in p u bl i c I f tw o m al e p ersons wh o h av e r each ed

.
,

y ears o f dis c r et io n c ons en t t ogeth er t o p er form som e ac t O f sex

,

u al in t im ac y in pri v at e no ind ec en c y h as b een c ommi tt e d

,
If .

o n e o f the c o n s en t i n g p art i e s s u b s equ en tl y pro cl aims the ac t ,

i n d ec en c y m ay doubtl ess b e c r eat ed as m ay h app en al so in th e ,

c as e o f normal s ex u al in t er c ours e b u t i t s eems c on t rary t o good

,

po l i c y th at s u ch pro cl am at ion sh o u l d c on ve rt th e ac t i t s elf int o a

“
p en al o ff en se M or eo v er gross ind ec en c y b etw een m al es u su
.
,
”

all y m eans S om e f orm o f mu t u al m as t u r b at ion ; no pe n al c od e

r egards m ast urb at ion as an o ff ens e and th ere s eems to b e no su fli

,

c i ent reason wh y m u t u al m as t urb at ion sh ou l d b e so r eg ard ed 1

.

T he m ai n poin t t o b e insur ed is th at no b oy or gir l wh o h as no t

r each ed y ears o f dis c r et ion sh oul d b e s edu c ed or ab us ed b y an
O l de r p erson an d th is poin t is e qu all y w ell gu aran t e ed on th e
,

b asis in t rodu c ed b y the C od e N ap oléon H o w ev er sh am efu l dis .

,

g u s t ing p erson all y immoral an d indir ectl y an t iso c i al i t m ay b e

, ,

f or tw o adu l t p ersons O f th e sam e sex m en or w om en t o c on sen t , ,

t og e th er t o p er f orm an ac t o f s exu al in t im ac y in pri v at e the r e is ,

n o sound or ad e q u at e ground f or c ons t i t u t i n g su ch ac t a p en al

O ff ens e b y l aw .

O n e o f th e most s erious O b j ect ions t o th e l egal r ec ogni t ion

“
o f pri vat e gros s ind ec en c y is the o bv ious fact th at on l y in th e
”

1
T h is po i n tb rou ght for wa rd b y D r L eon d e R od e i n h i s repor t on
is .

L I nv ersi o n G en i ta l e et l a L egi s l a t io n prep a red for t he T h ird ( Bru ssels )

“ ’ ”
,

Congress o f Crimi nal An th ropo l og y in 1892 The s am e poin t i s in sis te d .

on b y s om e O f my c orr e s pon d e n t s .
 CO N C LU S I O N S . 21 1

rares t c ases c an su ch ind ec en c y b ec om e k no w n t o th e po l i c e an d ,

“
w e th us p erp et rat e wh at i s v ery m u ch l i k e a l egal f ar c e The .

b re ak ing o f f ew l aw s as M o ll t r u l y O b s er v es regarding th e G er
,
”
,

m an l aw
“
so o ft en go es unpu n ish ed as o f th is
,
I t is th e s am e .
”

in E ngl and as is amp l y ev id en ce d b y th e fact th at of the sex

, ,

u al in v er t s so m e f o rt y in num b e r wh os e h is t ori es I h av e O b
, ,

tai n ed no t on e so f ar as I am aw ar e h as e v e r app ear e d i n a

, , ,

po l i c e c ou r t on th i s ch arg e T h is imp u n i t y c an on ly l ead to a

-
.

c on t emp t f or l aw g en erall y S u ch an att i t u d e is dis t in c tly

.

o p pos ed t o good so c ial po l i t y .

I t m ay furth er b e poi n t ed ou t th at l egis l at ion agains t h omo

s exu al it y has n o cl ear eff ect ei th er in dimi n ish i n g or i n c re asing
i t s pre val en c e Th is m u s t n ec ess ari l y b e so as r egards th e k ern el
.

o f th e h omos exu al gro u p i f w e are t o re gard a c o n sid erabl e pro

,

por t ion o f c ases as c o ngen i t al I n Fran c e h omos exu al i ty p er s o

.

has b een un t o u ch ed b y th e l aw f or a c en t u ry yet i t ab o u nds , ,

ch i efly i t s eems amo ng th e l o w es t in th e c omm u ni t y ; alth o u gh

, ,

—
the l aw is S i l en t so c i al f eel ing is s t ro n g an d wh en as h as b een
, ,

h —
t e c as e in on e i n s t an c e a m an o f undo u bt ed g eni u s h as h is
n am e asso c i at ed w i th th is p erversion i t b ec om es di ffic u lt or i m
possibl e for the admir ers o f h i s w or k t o asso c i at e w i th hi m p er
so n al l y ; v ery f ew c as es o f h omose xu al i t y h av e b e en r ec ord ed in

Fran c e amon g th e mor e i n t ell ig en t cl ass es ; th e l i t erat u re o f

h omos exu al i t y is th er e l ittl e mor e th an th e l i t erat u r e o f m ale
pros t it ut ion as d es c ri b ed b y po l i c e O ffic i al s an d as c arri ed on
,
-
,

l argel y f or the b en efit o f f orei gn ers 1

I n G erman y an d A u st ri a
.
,

wh ere the l aw agains t h omo sex u al i t y is sev er e i t ab o u nds al so , ,

prob ab l y t o a mu ch gr eat er ex t en t th an in Fran c e ; i t c er t ai nl y

ass e rt s i t s elf mor e v igorous l y ; a f ar gr eat er n um b er o f c as es h av e

1
k bl h fic t f ct th wh l h
I t i s a r em ar a e an d p er a p s s ign i an a at , i e omo
lt b l t -
t c t
se x u a i y i s t o d ay i n a s o u e di sr e p u e i n F r a n e , i w a s n o t s o u nd e r
l t l t f v t th
th e e s s o e ra n l a w o t h e se e n een ht th c t
a n d e ig e en en u ri e s The .

D u e d e G es re s , a s d e s ri ed y B e s e nv a l ( Mém oi r es , i , p
v c b b w as a .

w ll
e -
k v t f t t t bl cl ct
m ar e d i n e r O f emi ni ne yp e , impo en and p u i y a ff e i ng al l ,

w
t he m a n ne rs O f t w th c
om en ; y et h e w a s rea t ed i t o ns id era ion I n 1687 .

Ma da m e , th e mo h e r o th e R eg en , ri es imp y i ng
t f t w t l th t a
“
al l t h e you ng
f l ct ”
t
m en a nd m any o th e o d pra ic e d pe d e ras y : i i n y a qu e l es g ens d a
’

commu n qu i ai m ent l es f em mes k t c t v

Th e m ar e d e n den y o i n e rs ion i n t h e
.

a lf l
c h roy a th t
a mi y a t w ll w
i s im e i s e k n o n .
212 S EXUAL I NVERS I O N .

b een r ec ord ed th an in any o th er c oun t ry an d the G erm an l i t era ,

t u r e o f h omos ex u al i t y is v ery ex t en si v e O ft en iss u ed in popu l ar ,

form an d som et im es enth usi as t i c all y eu l ogist i c

,
1
I n E ngl and .

th e l aw is ex c ep t ion all y se v er e ; yet acc ordi n g t o the ev id en c e o f ,

th os e wh o h av e an in t ern at io nal ac qu ain t an c e w i th th es e m att ers ,

h omos exu al i t y is fu ll y as prev ale n t as on th e C o n t in en t ; som e

w o u l d say th at i t is mor e so I t c an no t th er efore be said th at .
, ,

l egi sl at i v e en actm en t s h av e v ery mu ch influ en c e on th e prev

al en c e o f h omos ex u al i t y Th e ch i ef e ffe ct s eems t o b e th at th e
.

att emp t at suppr e ssion aro u s es th e fi n e r minds among s exu al i n

v er t s t o und ert ak e the en th u si ast i c d efen s e o f h omo sexu al i ty ,

”
wh i l e c o ars er m i n ds are st imu l at ed to c yni c al b ravado .

Th e O c r Wi l d e tri al w i th i ts w ide p u bl i c i ty and t he fu nda men tal

s a , ,

n a tu re o f t h e q u es t ion s i t s u gges t ed a pp ea r s t o h a v e g enera ll y c on tri b u te d

,

t o gi ve d efini t eness an d self c on sc io u sn es s to the m ani fe s ta tions o f h omo

-

se x u a l i ty a n d t o h a ve a ro u se d i n v erts t o ta k e u p a de fi n i te a tt i tu d e
,
.

( F o r an a cc o u n t O f th i s case see R a fl al o v i c h L Urani sme pp 24 1 c l s eq )

'
’
.
, , .

I h av e be en ass u red i n sev eral qu ar te rs tha t th is i s so an d th a t since

th a t ca se the m a n i fes tatio ns o f h omo se xu a l i ty h av e bec om e more pro
n ou n ce d O ne c orres po n den t w ri t es
.

U p to th e t im e o f t h e O s c a r W i l de t ri a l I h a d no t know n wh a t t he
“

n .
—
c o di t ion O f the l aw w as The moral qu es tion i n i ts elf i ts re la tion t o
my o w n l i fe and tha t of my fri en d s—I re ck oned I h ad s olved ; b u t I
no w ha d to a sk my s elf h o w f a r I w a s j u s t i fi e d i n n o t o nl y b r ea k i ng t h e

l aw b u t i n b ei ng th e c au se o f a l i ke b r ee ch i n o th e r s and o th e rs yo u nge r
, ,

th an my self I h av e never a ll o w ed t he d i c tu m o f t he l a w to i n te r fere

.

w i th wh a t I deem ed t o b e a mora l de vel opm en t i n a ny you th for wh om I

am r e s po n s i bl e I cann ot say th a t the tri al m ad e m e alte r my c ou rse
.

o f l i fe o f th e ri ghtness o f wh i ch I w as t oo c onv inc ingl y persu ad ed b u t i t

, ,

m ade m e m u ch m ore ca refu l a n d i t probabl y sharpe ned my s ense o f ,

r es ponsi b il i ty for t h e you ng R ev i ew i ng the resu lts o f the tri al a s a

.

wh o le it do u btle s s did in c alc u l a bl e h a rm and i t i nte ns i fie d ou r na tiona l

, ,

v i ce o f h yp oc ri s y B u t I th i nk i t al so m ay h ave done som e good i n tha t

.

i t m a de th os e wh o l i k e myself h av e th ou ght a nd exp erien ce d d eep ly i n

, ,

K ra ff t Eb i ng P s y c ho p a thi a S ewu a l i s c ann o t fa irl y b e rega rded

1 ’
-
s

as eu l ogi s ti c o r pop u l r form i t a in ; ha s, h o w e v e r h ad a v ery w ide an d

,

u n r e s tri cte d sa le .

1
A m a n w i th h omo s exu al h ab it s I h a ve be e n t o l d de cl a red he w o u l d , ,

be s o rry to see th e E ngl i s h l a w ch a n ge d a s th en h e w ou l d find no p l ea s u re ,

i n h i s pr a ct i ces .
 CO N C LU S I O N S . 213

the ma tte — nd th r mu t
r a e e m a ll s be to s trike a bl ow
no s —
f ew rea dy .
,

wh en the ti m e c ome s for wha t w e deem t o be right h on orable an d clean

, , ,
.
”

F rom Am eri c a a l a dy w ri te s w i th r e fer en ce t o t he mor a l pos i t ion o f

in verts th ou gh w i th ou t allu s ion to t he W i ld e t ri al :
,
“
I nve rts s h ou l d have th e c ou rag e and i n de pendence t o b e them
s e lv e s and t o d em a n d an i nv e s ti ga t io n
,
If one s trives to l i ve h on ora bly
.
,

an d c o ns id er s t he gr e a t e s t good t o t h e gr ea t es t n u m b er i t i s no t a c rim e ,

n or a di s gra c e t o b e a n in v e r t I do no t need th e l aw to defend m e

.
,

ne i t h er do I d e s ir e t o h a v e an y c on ce s s io n s m a d e for m e n o r do I as k my ,

friend s to s acri fice the ir ideals for m e I too h av e ideal s wh i ch I sh all .

a lw a y s h ol d All tha t I d esi e a n d I cla im i t a s m y righ t i s th e free

. r h —
dom t o exerc ise th is di v ine g i ft of l ov ing wh i ch i s no t a m ena ce t o so c i e t y ,

nor a di s g r a c e t o m e L e t i t o n ce he u n d er s to o d th a t t he a ve rage in v e r t
.

i s n o t a mora l d egen e ra t e n o r a m e nta l d e gener a te b u t s imp l y a m a n o r ,

a w o m a n wh o i s l e ss h ighl y s pe c i al iz e d l es s c omp l e t e l y d i fl eren ti a te d th a n

'

, ,

o th er m en an d w om en an d I b el ie ve t h e prej u di ce aga ins t th em w i ll d i s

,

a pp ea r an d i f th ey l i v e u p ri ghtl y th e y w i ll s u re l y w i n t h e e s te e m a n d
,

c ons idera tion O f all th ou ghtfu l pe op le I k no w wha t i t m eans to an .

—
invert wh o feel s h im se lf se t ap ar t from th e res t o f man k ind— to find
o ne h u m a n h ear t wh o t r u s t s h im a n d u n der s tand s h im a nd I k n o w h o w ,

a l mo s t imp os s i bl e th i s i s a n d w i ll b e u nt i l t h e w or l d i s m a de a w a re o f
, ,

these facts .
”

Bu t wh i l e the law has had no mor e infl u en c e in r epress i ng

,

ab norm al s exu al i t y th an whe r ev er i t h as t ri ed t o do so i t has

, ,

h ad in r epr essing th e norm al s ex u al ins t in ct i t has s er v e d t o ,

fost er ano th er O ff ens e Wh at is c all ed bl ack m ai l ing in E n g l and

.
,

c han tage in Fr an c e an d E rp r ess u ng in G erm any

,
— i n o th e r w ords ,

th e ex t or t ion o f mo n ey b y th r eat s o f exposing some r eal or

—
fict i t ious o ff en s e fin d s i t s c hi ef fi el d o f act i v i ty in c o n n ect ion
w i th h omos exu al i t y N O dou bt th e r emo v al o f the p en alt y
.

ag ains t simp l e h omos exu al i t y do e s no t ab o l is h bl ack m ai l ing as ,

th e exis te n c e o f th is k ind o f c han tage in Fr an c e s h o w s b u t i t ,

r end ers i t s su cc ess l es s pro b ab l e .

On all th es e grounds and t aking in t o c onsid erat ion the fact

,

th at th e t end en c y o f mod ern l egi s l at ion gen erall y and the c on ,

s ensus O f au th ori t at i ve opinion in all c oun t ri es are in th is d i rec ,

t ion I am o f O pi ni on th at n ei th er sodomy
,
“
i m m i ss i o
”

“
m embri i n a nu m hom i nis vel m u li eri s ) nor gross ind ec en c y
”

ought t o b e p enal O ff ens es ex c ep t u nd er c ertain sp ec i al c ir c um

,

s t an c e s T h at is t o say th at i f tw o p ersons o f ei th e r or b o th
.
,
2 14 S EXUAL I NV E R S I O N .

s ex es h av ing reach ed y ears o f dis c ret ion pri vately c ons en t t o

, ,
1

pr act i c e som e p erv ert e d mode o f s exu al r el at ionsh ip th e l aw ,

c anno t b e c all ed upon t o in t er fer e I t sh ou l d b e the fu n ct ion o f .

th e l aw in th is m att er t o pre v en t v io l en c e t o pro t ect th e young , ,

an d t o pr es er v e publi c ord e r an d d ec en c y Wh at ev er l aw s are .

l aid do wn b eyond th is mus t b e l eft t o the indi vid u al s th emselves ,

t o the moralis t an d t o so c i al opinion

, .

A t the same t im e and wh i l e su ch a modi fic at ion in the l aw

,

s eems t o b e reasonabl e th e ch ange eff ect ed w o ul d b e l ess c on

,

si d erab l e th an m ay app ear at fi rs t sight I n a v ery larg e propor .

t ion ind eed o f c as es b oys are in v o lv e d I t is i ns t ru ct i v e t o

, ,
.

o b s erv e th at in L eglu d i c s 24 6 c as es ( in cl u ding V i ct ims and

’

aggre sso rs t og eth er ) in Fr an c e 1 2 7 or mor e th an h alf w ere

, , ,

b etw een th e ag es o f 1 0 an d 20 an d 82 or exactl y on e th i rd w ere , ,

-
,

b etw een th e ag es o f 10 and 1 4 A v ery c onsid erabl e fie l d o f .

O p er at ion is th u s s t i ll l ef t f or th e l aw wh at ev er propor t ion o f ,

c ase s m ay m eet w i th n o o th er p enalt y th an so c i al O pi ni on .

—
Th at h o w ev er so c i al opinion law or no l aw wi ll sp eak
, ,
—
w i th no u n c ert ain v oi c e is v ery ev id en t I do no t k no w wh e th er .

i t has b een po i n t ed ou t that in th e ev o l u t io n o f c u lt ure the p O pu

l ar att i t u d e t o w ard h omos ex u al i t y h as p ass ed th roug h th re e di f
f eren t s t ag es roughl y c orr e sponding t o th e s t ag es o f s av agery
, ,

b arb arism an d c i v i l iz at ion A t fi rst i t is prim ari l y an asp ec t o f

,
.

e c onomi c s a qu e s t ion o f und e r or o v e r pop u l at ion an d is f or

, ,

b idd en or all o w e d acc ording l y T h en ( as th ro u gh ou t th e M iddl e

.

Ag e s f rom th e t im e o f Jus t ini an ) i t b ec om e s primari l y a m att e r

o f rel igion an d th us an ac t o f sac ri l ege N o w we h ear l i ttl e
,
.

ei th er o f i t s e c onomi c asp e ct s or o f i t s s ac ri l egiousn e ss ; i t is f or

us p rim ari l y a disgus t ing ab omi n at io n i e a m att er o f t as t e o f ,

. .
, ,

es th et i c s ; an d wh i l e unsp eak abl y u g l y t o th e m aj ori t y i t i s pro

, ,

cl aim e d as be au t i ful b y a sm all minori t y I do no t kno w th at w e .

n eed fi nd fau lt w i th th is e s th et i c m eth od o f j u dging h omos ex

u al i ty Bu t i t s c ar c el y l ends i t s elf t o l egal p u rpos es To indulg e

. .

in V io l en t d enun c i at ion O f the disgust ing n at ure o f h omo sexual

K ra ff t E b i ng w ou l d pl a ce th i s ag e n o t u n de r 16 t he ag e a t wh i ch
1 -
,

i n E ngl an d girl s m ay l e ga ll y c on s ent t o n orm a l se xu a l i n te r c o u r se

( P sy c hop a t hi a S e a u a l i s 1 89 3 p
'
,
It c e r t
,
a i n l.y s h o u l d n o t b e l ow e r .
 CO N C LU S I O N S . 215

i t y an d t o m easure the s en t en c e by the disgus t ar ous ed or t o

, ,

r egr et as on e E ngl is h j udg e is repor t ed t o h av e r egr ett ed wh en

,
“
gi v ing s en t en c e th at gross ind ec en c y is no t punish abl e b y
,

d eath is t o impor t u t te rl y f or eign c ons id er at ions in t o th e matt er

,
.

T h e j udg es w ho yi el d t o th is t emp t at ion w o u l d c er t ain l y n ev er

all o w th ems elv es t o b e c ons c ious l y influ en c e d on th e b en ch b y

th eir p ol i ti c al opinions Y et es the t i c O pinions are quite as f or

.

ei gn t o l aw as po l i t i c al opinio n s A n ac t do es no t b ec om e c rim
.

in al b ec au s e i t is disgus t ing T o eat ex c rem ent as M o ll remar k s

.
, ,

is ex t r em el y disgus t i n g b u t i t is n ot c rimi n al The c on fusion

,
.

wh i ch th us exis t s e v en in th e l egal mind b etw een the disgus t ing

, ,

an d th e c rimin al is addi t ion al ev id en c e o f th e u nd esir ab i l i t y o f

th e l eg al p en alt y f or simp l e h omos exu al i t y A t the s am e t im e .

i t sh o w s that so c i al opin ion is mos t amp l y ad equ at e t o d eal w i th

th e m ani fest at ions o f in ve rt ed s exu al i ty S o m u ch for th e l egal .

asp e ct s o f s exu al in v e rsion .

But wh i l e th ere c an b e no do u bt ab ou t th e amp l y ad equat e

ch aract er o f the exist ing so c i al react ion t o al l mani fe st at ions o f
p erv ert ed se xu al i t y the qu es t ion s t i ll remains h o w f ar no t m er el y
,

the l aw b u t al so th e s t at e o f p u bl i c opinion s h ou l d b e modi fi ed

, ,

in the l ight o f su ch a psy ch o l ogi c al s t udy as w e h av e h er e und er

t ak en I t is cl ear th at th is publ i c O pinion mo l d ed ch i efly or en
.
,

ti rely w i th re f er en c e t o gross v i c e t ends to b e u n du l y v io l en t in

,

i t s r eact ion Wh at th en is th e reason ab l e att i t ud e o f so c i et y

.
, ,

t o w ard th e c o ng en i t al s exu al in v ert ? I t seems t o l i e in th e av oid

an c e o f tw o ex t r em es On the on e h and i t c anno t b e exp ect ed
.
,

t o tol erat e th e i n v ert w h o fl o u ts hi s p erversion in i t s fac e an d

assum e s th at b e c au se h e w o ul d rath er t ak e hi s p l easu re w i th a
,

so l di er or a po l i ce m an th an w i th th eir sis t ers h e is o f fi n er cl ay ,

th an th e v u l gar h erd On the o th er i t might w ell r efr ain f rom

.
,

c rush ing w i th undis c erning ignoran c e b en eath a b u rd en o f s h am e

th e sub j ect o f an ab norm al i ty wh i ch as w e h av e s een h as n ot , ,

b ee n f ound in c ap ab l e o f fin e us es I n v ersion is an ab errat ion .

from the usu al c ourse o f n atur e Bu t the cl as h o f c ont ending .

el em en t s wh i ch m u s t o ft en m ar k th e h is t ory o f su ch a d ev i at ion
—
r es u lt s no w an d again by no m eans in fr equ en tl y i n no bl er —
act i v i t i e s th an th os e yi el de d b y th e v as t m aj ori t y w h o are b orn t o
216 S EXUAL I NVER S I O N .

c onsum e the f rui t s o f th e earth I t b ears f or the mos t p ar t, i t s

.
,

p enalt y in the s t ru ct ure o f i t s o w n organism We are b o u nd t o .

pro t ec t the h el p l ess m emb ers o f so c ie ty agains t the in v ert I f .

w e go f ur th e r an d s eek t o d es t roy th e in v er t h ims elf b ef or e he

,

h as sinn ed agains t so c i et y, w e ex c ee d th e w arran t o f r eason, an d

in so doing w e m ay p erh aps d es t roy al so th ose ch i l dr en O f th e
, ,

spiri t wh i ch possess s omet im es a gr eat er w o rth th an the ch i l dren

o f the fl esh .

H ere we m ay l eav e th is qu es t ion o f sexual in v ersion I n .

d eal ing w i th i t I h av e so u ght t o av oid th at att i t u d e o f moral

sup eriori t y whi ch is so c ommon in the l i t erat u re o f th is sub j ect ,

an d h av e r ef r ai n e d f rom poin t ing ou t h ow l o ath som e th is ph e

n om en on is or h o w hi d eou s th at
,
S u ch an att i t ud e is as mu ch
.

o u t o f p l ac e in s c ie n t i fic i n v es t igat ion as i t is in j udi c i al i nves

t i gati on and m ay w ell b e l eft t o the am at eu r

,
T h e p h ysi c i an .

w h o feel s no th ing b u t disg u s t at th e sig h t o f dis eas e is un l i k el y

t o b ring ei th er s u cc or t o h is p at i ent s or ins t ru ct io n t o h is pupi l s .

T h at th e in v es t igat ion w e h ave h er e p u rsue d is no t on ly

pro fit abl e t o us in s u c c oring the so c i al organism an d it s m em
b ers b u t al so i n b ringing l ight i n t o th e r egion o f s exual p sy
,

c h ol ogy is no w I h op e cl ear t o e v e ry read er wh o h as f o ll o w e d

, , ,

m e t o th is poi n t T h ere are a m u lt i t ud e O f so c i al qu est io n s

.

wh i ch w e c anno t fac e s qu ar el y an d h on es tl y unl ess we poss ess

s u ch p r ec is e kno wl e dg e as h as b e e n h er e b rought t og e th e r c on
c e rning th e p ar t p l ay ed by th e h omos exu al t en d e n c y in h um an
l i fe M ore o v e r th e s t udy o f th is p e rv er t ed t e n d e n c y s t r e tch e s
.
,

b eyond i t s elf ;
O th at art
’
er

Wh i ch y ou s ay a dd s t o N atu re , is a n a rt

T h a t N a tu r e m a k e s .
”

P ath o l ogy is b u t p h ysio l ogy w ork ing un d er n ew c ondi t ions .

T he s t r eam o f Nat ur e s t i ll flo w s i n t o th e b en t ch ann el o f sex u al

in v ersion an d S t i ll runs acc ording to law We h av e no t was t ed
,
.

our t im e in th is t oi l som e ex c ursion Wi th the k no wl edg e h er e .

gain ed w e are th e b ett er equipp ed t o ent er upon th e s t udy o f the

w id er qu est ions o f sex .
 A PP END IX A .

H O M O S E XU A L I TY A M O N G T R A M P S .

BY J O S I AH FL Y N T .

I
AVE m ad e a rath er min u t e s t u dy o f th e t ramp cl ass in
H

th e U ni t e d S tate s E ng l and an d G erm any b u t I k no w i t b est

, , ,

in the S tat es I h av e l i v ed w ith the t ramps th ere f or eight c on

.

sec u ti v e mon th s b esid es p assing n u m erous sh or t er p eriods i n

,

th eir c omp any an d my ac q u ai n t an c e w i th th em is nearl y o f ten

,
’
years st anding My purpose i n goin g among th em h as b een t o
.

l earn ab ou t th eir l i fe in p ar t i c u l ar and ou tc ast l i fe in gen eral .

Th is c an o n l y b e don e by b ec o m ing p ar t an d p ar c el o f i t s m ani

f estati on s .

T h ere are tw o kinds o f t r amps in the U ni t ed S t at es : ou t

“
o f w or k s an d h o b o es T h e ou t of w ork s are n ot g enuin e
”
- - -
.

v agab o n ds ; th ey r eall y w ant w ork an d h av e n o symp ath y w i th

th e h o b o es Th e l att er are th e r eal t ramps
. T h ey m ak e a b usi .

n e ss O f b egging — a ve ry good b usin e ss t oo— an d k eep at i t as a ,

ru l e t o the end o f th eir d ays Wh is ky an d Wan d er lus t or the

,
.
,

l o v e o f w and ering are pro babl y the m ain c au ses o f th eir exis t
,

en c e ; b u t m an y o f th em are dis c o u rag ed c rimin al s m en wh o ,

h ave t ri ed th eir h and at c rim e an d find th at th ey l ack c rimin al

“
wi t . T h ey b ec ome t ramps b ec aus e th ey fi nd th at l i fe on th e
ro ad c om es the n ear es t t o the l i f e th ey h op ed t o l ead T h ey .

h av e enoug h t ale n t t o do v ery w ell as b egg ars b ett er gen erall y , ,

sp eaking th an th e m en wh o h av e r each ed the ro ad simp l y as

,

drunkards ; th ey k no w more aboiI t the t ri ck s o f the t rad e an d are

cl ev er er in th in k ing ou t s ch em es an d st ori e s A ll genuin e .

t ramps in A m eri c a are h o w ev er pr etty mu ch th e sam e as f ar

, , ,

( 21 9)
220 A P P EN D I X A .

as m ann ers an d p h i l osop h y are c on c ern ed and al l are equally ,

“
w elc om e at the h ang ou t 1
T he clas s o f soc i et y f rom wh i ch
-
.
”

th ey are draw n is gen erall y the v ery l o w e st O f all b ut th ere are ,

som e h ob o es wh o h av e c om e from the v ery h igh es t an d th ese ,

l att er are fr equ en tly as v i c ious an d d eprav ed as their l ess well

bo rn b reth r en .

C on c ernin g sexual i n v ersion among t ramps th ere is a gr eat ,

d eal t o be said and I c anno t att empt t o t ell all I h av e heard

,

ab ou t i t b u t m er el y t o g i v e a g en er al acc oun t o f th e m att er

, .

“
Ev ery h o b o in the U ni t ed S tat es k no w s wh at u nnat ural inter
c ours e me ans t alk ing ab ou t i t freel y and ac c ording t o my find
, , ,

ing ev ery t enth m an pract i c es i t and d efends h is c ondu ct Boys

, , .

are th e v i ct ims o f th is p as sion T he t ramps g ain poss ession O f .

th es e b oys in v arious w ays A c ommon m eth od is t o s t op for .

awh i l e in som e t o w n an d g ain ac qu ain t an c e w i th th e s l u m ch i l

,
“
dren T h ey te ll th es e ch i l dren all sort s o f s t ori es ab ou t l i fe on
.

the ro ad h o w th ey c an rid e on th e rai lways f or no th in g sh oo t

”
, ,
“
I ndi ans an d b e perf esh u nn el s ( pro fession al s ) an d th ey ch oos e
”
, ,

som e b oy wh o sp ec i all y p l eas es th em By smi l es and flatt ering .

c are ss es th ey l et h i m kno w th at th e s t ori es are m ean t f or him

al on e an d b ef or e l ong i f th e b oy is a s u i tabl e sub j ect h e smi l es
, , ,

b ack jus t as s l i l y I n t im e h e l earns t o th ink th at h e is th e

.

fav ori t e o f th e t ramp wh o w i ll t ak e h im on h is t rav el s an d h e

, ,

b egins t o p l an s ec re t m eet i ngs w i th the m an The t ramp o f .

,

c o u rs e c on t inu es t o ex c i t e h is imagin at ion w i th s t ori es and

,

c ar esses and som e fin e nig ht th er e is on e b oy l ess in the t o w n

,
.

“
On th e ro ad th e l ad is c all ed a pru shu n an d h is pro t ect or a ,
“j
Th e m ajori t y o f pru shu ns are b etw een ten an d fif t een
”
o cke r .

y ears o f age b u t I h av e k no w n som e und er ten and a f ew o v er

,

fift een E ach is c omp ell ed b y h ob o l aw t o l et h is j o ck er do w i th

.

h im as h e w i ll an d m any I f ear l earn t o enj oy h is t r eat m en t o f

, , ,

th em T h ey are al so exp ect ed t o b eg in ev ery t o w n th ey c om e

.

t o an y l azin ess on th eir p art r ec ei v ing v ery sev ere punish m en t

,
.

T h i s i s the h om e O f the fratern i ty P rac ti cal ly i t i s any c orn er

1
.

wh e re th ey c an l ay th e ir h ead s ; b u t as a ru le i t i s ei ther a lodging h ou se

, ,
-

a fr e ight c ar or a ne s t i n th e gr a s s n ea r t h e r a i lw ay w ateri ng tan k

- -
.
,
 H O M O S EXUAL I T Y AM O N G T RAM P S . 22 1

H o w the ac t o f unnat ural in t erc ours e t ak es p l ac e is no t en

ti rely cl ear ; th e h o b o e s are no t agre ed From wh at I h av e p er .

so n al ly O b s e r v ed I s h ou l d say th at i t is usu all y wh at th ey c all

“
l eg w or k ( in t e r c rur al ) b u t som et im es i m m i ss i o p eni s i n a n u m
”
-

, ,

th e b oy in ei th e r c as e l ying on h is st om ach
, ,
I h ave heard .

t erri bl e s t ori e s o f the p hysi c al r esu lt s t o th e b oy o f an al in t er

c ourse .

O n e ev ening n ear C umb er l an d P e nnsy lv ani a I w as an nu

, , ,

w i ll ing w i t n ess O f on e o f th e w ors t s c en es th at c an b e im agi n ed .

I n c omp any w i th eight h o b o es I w as in a fr eight c ar att ach ed t o

,
-

a s l o wl y m o v ing t r ai n
-
A c o l ored b oy su cce ed ed in s c rambl i n g
.

in t o the c ar an d wh en the t rain w as w ell u nd er w ay ag ain h e

,
“
w as t ripp ed up an d s e du c e d o o o u p h emi sm
) y
”
( t u s e th e h b e b
each o f th e t r amps H e m ad e al mos t no r esis t an c e an d j o ke d
.
,

an d l augh e d ab ou t th e b usin ess as i f h e h ad exp e ct e d i t T h is .

,

ind eed I fi nd t o b e the gen eral fee l ing among th e b oys wh en th ey

,

h av e b een th oro u ghly ini t i at ed A t fi rs t th ey do n ot sub mi t an d

.
,

are in cl in e d t o run aw ay or fi ght b u t the m en f ond l e an d p e t ,

th em an d aft er awh i le th ey do no t s eem to c ar e S om e o f th em

,
.

h av e t o l d m e th at th ey ge t as mu ch p l easure ou t o f th e aff air as

th e j o ck er doe s Ev en l i ttl e fell o w s u n d e r ten h av e t o l d m e th is
.
,

an d I h av e kn o w n th em t o w i llf u ll y t e mp t th e ir j o ck ers t o in t er

c o u rs e Wh at the p l eas ure c o nsist s i n I c an no t say Th e young

. .

st ers th e ms e l v e s d es c ri b e i t as a d el ightf u l t i ckl i n g sens at io n i n

th e p ar t s in v o lv ed an d th is is possi bl y all th at i t amou n t s t o

,

amo n g th e sm all es t l ads T h os e wh o h av e p as se d th e age o f

.
,

pub er t y seem t o b e sat is fi ed in pr ett y mu ch th e s am e way th at

th e m en are A mong the m en th e pract i c e is d ec ide d l y on e o f
.

p assion Th e m ajori ty o f th em pr efer a pru shu n t o a w om an

.
,

an d no th ing is mor e s ev er el y j u dg ed th an rap e O n e O ft en re ads .

in th e n ew spap ers th at a w om an h as b een assau lt ed b y a t ram p ,

b u t th e p ervert ed t ramp is n ev er the gui l ty p ar t y '

.

I b el i ev e h o wev er th at th e re are a f ew h ob oes wh o hav e

, ,
“ ”
t ak en t o b oys b ec aus e w ome n are so s c ar c e on th e ro ad For .

ev ery w om an in h ob ol an d th er e are a h undre d m en T h at th is .

disproport ion has som ethi n g t o do wi th the pop u l ari t y o f b oys

i s m ad e cl ear b y th e fo ll o w ing c as e : I n a gao l , wh er e I was
22 2 A P P END I X A .

c on fin e d f or a month during my l i fe in v agab ond ag e I go t ac ,

“
q u ai n te d w i th a t r amp wh o h ad t h e r e pu t at ion o f b e ing a sod ”

( sodomis t ) O.n e d ay a w om a n c am e to th e g a o l t o s ee h e r h us
b and wh o w as aw ai t ing t ri al O n e of the prison ers s aid h e had
, .

k no w n her b efo re she w as m arrie d an d had l i v ed w i th h er The .

t ramp w as soon t o b e dis ch arg ed an d h e inquir ed wh ere the ,

w om an l i v ed O n l earning th at s he was st i ll appro ach abl e h e

.
,

l oo k e d h er up imm edi at ely afte r h is r el eas e an d s u cc eed ed in ,

s t aying w i th h er f or n early a mo n th H e t o l d m e l at er th at he .

en j oy e d h i s l i f e w i th h er mu ch m o r e th an h is in t er c o u rs e w i th

b oys I as k ed h im wh y h e w en t w i th b oys at al l an d he r ep l i ed :
.
,
“ ’
C aus e th er e ain t w om en e nough I f I c an t get th em I ve go t
’
.
’ ’

t o h av e the o th er .

I t is in gao l s th at on e s ees th e w o rs t sid e o f th is p erversion .

I n th e d ay t im e th e prison ers are l et ou t in t o a l ong hall an d

-
,

c an do mu ch as the y p l eas e ; at n ight th ey are s h u t up tw o an d ,

ev en f o u r in a c ell I f th ere are any b oys in th e c ro w d th ey

.
,

are m ad e u se O f b y al l wh o c ar e to h av e th em I f th ey r efu s e .

to s u b mi t th ey are g agg ed an d he l d do w n
, T h e s h eri ff s el dom .

k n o w s wh at go e s on an d f or th e b oys t o say any th ing t o h im

,

w ou l d be s u i c id al Th er e is a c ri m i n al ign o ran c e all o v er th e

.

S t at es c on c erning th e l i fe o f th es e gao l s an d th i n gs go on th at ,

w ou l d b e impossi bl e in any w ell re gu l ated prison I n on e o f-

.

th ese p l ac es I on c e w i t n essed the fi er c es t fight I h av e ev er seen

among h o b o e s ; a b oy w as th e c au se o f i t T w o me n s aid th ey .

l o v ed hi m an d he s eem ed t o r et u rn th e aff ect ion O f b o th w ith

,

e qu al d e sir e A fi gh t w i th r azors w as su ggest ed t o s ettl e wh o

.

sh ou l d h av e h im 1
Th e m en pr ep are d f or act ion wh i l e the
.
,

c ro w d gath er ed ro u nd to w atch T h ey s l ash ed away for o v er

.

h alf an h o u r c u tt ing each o th er t erri bl y an d the n th eir b ack er s

, ,

s t opp ed th em f or fear o f fat al r esu lt s Th e b oy w as gi v en t o .

th e on e wh o w as h ur t th e l eas t .

J eal o u sy i s on e O f the fi rs t th ings on e no t i c es in c onn ect ion

A ll h ob oes ca rry razors b o th for sh av ing

1
,
for de fen se S trang e
a nd .

to sa y th ey su ccee d i n s m u ggl ing th em i nt o

, ga ol s a s,th e y a re n e v e r

s ear ch e d th orou g hl y .
 H O M O S EXUAL I T Y AM O N G T RAM P S . 22 3

w ith th is p as sion I h av e k no w n th em t o w i th draw en t ire l y

.

from th e h ang ou t l i fe simp ly t o be sur e th at th eir prushu ns

“ -

w ere n ot t o u ch ed b y o th er t ramps S u ch att ach m en t s fr equ en tl y

.

las t f or y ears an d som e b oys r em ain w i th th eir fi rs t j o ck ers un t i l

,
“ ”
th ey are em an c ip at ed .

E m an c ip at io n m eans f r ee dom t o sn ar e som e o th er b oy ,

an d m ak e h im s u b mi t as th e o th e r h ad b ee n o bl ig ed t o sub mi t

wh en yo u n ger A s a ru l e th e pru shu n is f r eed wh en h e is abl e

.
,

t o pro t ect h ims elf I f h e c an de fend h is h on o r from all wh o

.
“ ”

“
c om e h e is acc ep t ed i nt o th e cl ass o f O l d st ag ers an d m ay do
, ,

as h e l i k e s T h is is th e on e r ew ard h el d ou t t o pru shu n s duri n g

.

th eir appren t i c esh ip Th ey are t o l d th at some d ay th ey c an

.

h av e a b oy an d u se h im as th ey h av e b een us ed T h u s h ob olan d .

is alw ays sure o f rec ru i t s .

I t is di ffic u lt t o say h o w m any t ramps are s exu all y in v ert ed .

I t is no t e ven c ert ain ly kn ow n h o w m any v agab o n d s th er e are

in the c oun t ry I h av e st at ed in on e o f my p ap ers on t r amps
.

th at c ou n t ing th e b oys th er e are b etw een fift y an d six t y th ou

, ,

sand g enuin e h o b o es i n the U ni t ed S t ates A v agab ond in T ex as .

w h o saw th is s t at em en t w ro t e m e th at h e c o ns id er e d my es t im ate
t oo l o w T he n ew sp ap ers h av e c ri t i c is ed i t as t oo h igh b u t th ey
.
,

are un abl e t o j u dg e I f my figu r es are as I b el ie v e approxi

.
, ,

m at e ly c orr ect th e s exu all y p er v e rt e d t r amps m ay b e e s t im at e d

,

at b etw ee n five an d six th ous and ; th is i n cl ude s m en an d b oys .

I h av e b een t o l d l at el y b y t r amp s th at th e b oys are l ess

n u m erous th an th ey w er e a f ew y ears ago Th ey say th at i t is .

no w a risky b u sin ess t o b e se en w i th a b oy an d th at i t is mor e ,

pro fit abl e as f ar as b egging is c on c ern ed t o go w i th ou t th em

, ,
.

Wh eth er th is m ean s th at th e p assion is l ess fi er c e th an i t us ed

t o b e or th at the m en fi nd sexual sat is fact ion among th emse lv es
, ,

I c an no t say d efi ni t el y Bu t from wh at I k no w o f th eir dis

.

in cl in at ion t o adop t the l att er alt ern at i v e I am in cl in ed t o th in k

,

th at the passion m ay b e dying ou t som ewh at I am sure that .

“
w om en are n ot more n u me ro u s on the ro ad th an form erl y and ”
,

that th e c hange i f r eal has no t b een c au s e d b y th em S o mu ch

, , .

f or my fi nding in th e U ni t ed S t at es .

In E ngl and wh ere I h ave also l i v ed w i th t ramps for som e

,
224 A P P E ND I X A .

t im e I h ave fo u n d ve ry l i ttl e c o n t rary s exual feel ing I n G er

, .

m an y al so ex c ep t i n g in priso n s an d w or k h ous es i t s eems v e ry

, ,
-

l i ttl e k no w n among v agab onds T h er e are a f ew J ew is h wan .

d erers ( s om et im es p edd l er s) wh o are s aid t o h av e b oys in th ei r

c omp an y an d I am t o l d th at th ey u se th em as th e h o b o es i n the
,

U n i t ed S t at es u se th eir b oys b u t I c anno t pro v e th is f rom p er

,

son al O b s erv at ion In E ngl and I h av e m e t a numb er O f m al e

.

t ramps wh o had no h esi t at ion in d ecl ari n g th eir pr eferen c e f or

th eir o w n sex an d p art i c u l arl y f or b oys b u t I am b o u nd t o say
, ,

th at I h av e s el dom s een th em wi th b oys ; as a ru l e th ey w er e ,

qui te al o n e an d th ey s eem t o l i v e ch i efly b y th ems elv e s

, .

I t is a no t ew or thy fact th at b o th i n E ngl and an d G erm any

th ere are a gr eat m any w om en on th e ro ad or at all ev en t s ,
”
, ,

so n ear i t th at i n t e rc ourse w i th th em is easy an d ch eap I n .

G erm any al mos t ev ery t o w n has i t s quar t er o f S t ad t S c hi ez e : 1 -

”

w om en wh o s ell th eir b odi es f or a v ery sm all sum T h ey s el dom .

as k o v e r th irt y or f or t y p f ennigs f or a nig ht wh i ch is u su all y ,

sp en t i n th e op en ai r I n E ngl and i t is pract i c all y th e sam e

.

thi ng I n al l th e large c i t ie s th er e are w om en wh o are gl ad t o

.

“ ”
do b us i n ess f or th ree or f o u r p en c e an d th ose on th e ro ad f or ,

ev en l ess .

T h e g en er al impression m ad e on m e b y th e s exu all y pe r

v ert ed m en I h av e m et in v agab ond ag e is th at th ey are ab u or
m all y m asc u l i n e I n th eir in t er c ours e w i th b oys the y alw ays
.

t ak e th e act i v e p art T h e b oys h av e i n som e c as es s eem ed t o

.
, ,

m e u n c ommon l y f emini n e b u t n o t as a ru l e I n th e main th ey

,
.
,

are v ery m u ch l i k e o th e r l ad s an d I am un abl e t o say wh e th er

,

th eir l i k ing for th e in v ert ed rel at ionsh ip i s i n b orn or ac q u ir e d .

T h at i t is h o w ev er a g en u in e l i k ing in alt og eth er t oo m any

, , ,

inst an c es I do not i n the l eas t doubt A s su ch an d al l th e

, , ,
.
,

mor e b ec au s e i t is su ch i t d ese rv es t o b e more th oro u ghl y i n

,

v esti gat ed an d more r eason abl y t r eat e d .

1
T h i s w ord is o f Heb rew origi n ,
an d m eans girl ( Mad c hen ) .
 A PP END IX B .

UL R I C H S S
’
V I EW S .

BY

I h ard l y b e s aid th at in v ert ed s ex u al i ty rec ei v ed s erio u s

T c an

an d symp ath e t i c t r eat me n t un t i l a G erm an juris t n am e d K ar l ,

H ei nri ch U lri ch s b egan h i s l ong w arf are agains t wh at h e c on

,

si d ered t o b e pr ej u di c e an d igno ran c e upon a t opi c o f th e gr eat es t

mom en t to h ims elf A n at i v e o f H ano ver an d w ri t ing at fi rst

.
,

u n d er the ass u m ed n am e o f Nu m a Nu m anti u s he k ep t po u ring ,

o u t a s eri es o f po l emi c al an al y t i c al th e or e t i c al an d apo l og e t i c al

, , ,

p amp hl et s b etw een th e y ears 1 864 an d 1 87 0 T h e mos t impor .

t an t o f th es e w ork s is a l eng th y an d c ompreh ensi v e e ss ay en ti tl ed

Mem n on : D i e C es chles chtsna tu r d es m ann li ebend en Urni n gs .

E i n e na tu r wi ss en tsc haf tli che D ars tellu ng S chl e iz 1 86 8 ,

Mem ,
.

n on m ay b e u s e d as th e t e x t b oo k o f i t s au th or s th e ori e s ; b u t
’
-

i t is al so n e c e ss ary to s t udy ear l i er an d l at er t r eat is e s

I n c lu s a, F orm a tri x, V i nd ea , Ara S p ei , C lad i u s F u r ens , I ncu bus ,
'

Argon au ti cu s, P r om etheus , Am azes , K ri ti sc he P fei le —i n ord e r t o

o bt ain a c omp l e t e k no wl edg e o f h is O pinio n s an d t o m as t er th e
,

wh o l e m ass o f in f orm at ion h e has b rought t og eth e r .

T he O bj ect o f U l ri ch s in th es e mis c ell an eous w ri t i n gs is

tw o fo l d H e s ee k s t o es t abl ish a th eory o f sex u al i n ve rsion upon
.

th e b asis o f n at u ral s c i en c e pro v ing th at ab norm al ins t in ct s are

,

inb orn and h ealthy in a c onsid erabl e p er c en t age o f h uman b e

ings ; th at th ey do no t ow e th eir origin t o bad h ab i t s o f any
k ind to h er edi tary di sease or t o w i llfu l de prav i t y ; th at th ey are
,

in c ap abl e in the m ajori ty o f c as es o f b eing ex t irp at ed or c on

v ert ed in t o normal ch ann el s ; an d th at th e m en sub j ect t o th em
are n ei th er p h ysi c all y in t ell ect u all y nor mor ally i n ferior t o
, ,

1“
( 225 )
22 6 A P P E ND I X B .

norm all y c ons t i t u t e d indi v idu al s H av ing d emons t r at ed th es e

.

poin t s t o h is own sat is fact ion an d support ed h is vi ew s w i th a

,

l arg e ind u ct ion o f i n s t an c es an d a r esp ect able s h o w o f erudi t ion ,

h e pro c eeds t o argu e th at th e pres en t s t at e o f the l aw in m any

s t at es of E urop e is fl agran tl y u nj us t t o a cl ass o f inno c en t per
so n s wh o m ay ind eed be re gard ed as un fort u n at e an d i n c on v en
, ,

i en t b u t wh o are g ui lt y o f no th ing wh i ch d e s er v e s r epro b at ion

,

an d punis h m en t . I n th is s ec ond an d po l emi c al b ran ch o f hi s

ex po si t ion U l ri ch s assum es f or h is juris t i c s t art i ng poin t th at
, ,
-
,

each h um an b ei n g i s b orn w i th n at ur al right s wh i ch l egis l at ion ,

o u gh t n ot t o in fringe bu t t o pro t ect H e doe s n ot att emp t t o

,
.

c on fu t e th e u t i l i t ari an th eory o f j u risprud en c e wh i ch regards ,

l aw s as r egu l at ions m ad e b y th e m ajori t y in th e suppos ed i n t er

e st s o f so c i et y
. Y e t a l arg e amoun t o f h i s r easoning is de si gn ed
t o in v al id at e ut i l i t ari an argum en t s in fav or o f r epr ession b y ,

sh o w ing th at no soc i al ev i l ens u es i n th os e c o u nt ri es wh i ch h av e

p l ac ed ab norm al s ex u al i t y u pon the sam e foo t ing as th e normal ,

an d th at the t o l e rat ion o f in v er t e d p assion th r eat ens no d ang er

t o th e w ell b eing o f n at ions

-
.

A ft er th is pr el ud e an ab s tract o f U l ri c hs s th eory and h is

,
’

p l ead i ng m ay b e gi v en d edu c ed from th e c omp arat i v e s t udy o f

,

h is num ero u s essays .

T h e right k ey t o th e so l u t ion o f th e p ro ble m is to b e f ou n d

i n p h ysio l ogy in th at o b sc ur e d ep ar t m ent o f n at u r al s c i e n c e
,

wh i ch d eal s w i th the evo l u t ion o f sex T he em b ryo as w e are .

,

no w aw ar e c o n t ains an u n d et ermine d el em en t o f sex d u ring the

,

fi r st mon th s o f pregn an c y Th is is gradu all y w ork ed up in t o

.

m al e an d fem al e organs o f pro c r eat ion an d th es e wh en th e age , ,

o f pu b ert y arri v es are gen er all y acc omp an i e d b y c orre sponding

,

m al e an d fem al e app et i t es Th at is t o say th e m an in an i m

.
, ,

m ens e m aj ori t y O f c ase s d esires th e w om an an d th e w om an d e

,

sire s th e m an Nat ure so t o sp eak aims at di ff er en t i at ing th e

.
, ,

und ec id ed fet us in t o a h um an b eing o f on e or th e o th er sex th e ,

prop agat ion o f the sp ec i es b ein g the m ain o b j ect o f l i fe S t i ll .

,

as A ris t o tl e p u t s i t an d as w e O b s erve in m an y o f he r o p er ations

, ,
“
Nat u r e wish es b ut has no t always the po w e r
,
.

C ons equ ently in r esp ect o f p h ysi c al st r u ct ure th er e c om e

, ,
 UL R I C H S S
’
V I E WS : 22 7

t o l ight imp er fect indi v idual s so c all ed h erm ap h rodi te s wh os e

,
-

s exu al app ar at u s is so f ar und ete rmin ed th at m an y a r eal m al e

has p ass e d a por t ion o f h is l i f e u n d e r a mist ak e h as w orn f em al e ,

cl o th es and has c o h ab i t ed b y prefere n c e w i th m en L i k ew ise in

,
.
,

resp ect o f spirit u al n at ur e th er e app ear m al es wh o n otw i th

, ,

s t anding th eir m ar k ed m as c ul i n e organiz at ion feel from the ,

ear l i e s t ch i l d h ood a s ex u al pro cl i v i t y t o w ard m e n w i th a c orr e ,

sp o n d i n g indi ff e r e n c e f or w om e n I n som e o f th es e ab norm al

.
,

b u t nat u ral b ei n gs th e app et i t e f o r m en r esembl es th e norm al

, ,

app et i te f or w o m en : i n o th ers i t r es em bl es t h e norm al app et i t e

o f w om en f or m en T h at is t o say som e prefer eff emi n at e m al es

.
, ,

dressed i n f em al e cl o th es an d addi ct ed to fem al e o cc u p at ions .

O th e rs pr ef e r po w e r fu l adu lt s o f an u lt r a m as c u l in e s t amp A -
.

th ird cl ass m an i fes t th eir pre di l ect ion f or h eal th y young m en i n

the bl oo m O f ado l esc en c e b etw een nin et ee n an d tw en t y
, The .

att i t u de o f s u ch p ersons t o w ard w om e n al so v ari e s I n gen u in e .

c ases o f i nb orn s exual i n v ersion a p o si t i v e h orror is felt wh en the

w om an has t o b e c arn all y k no w n ; an d th is h orror is o f th e sam e
sor t as th at wh i ch n o rm al m en exp eri en c e wh en th ey th in k o f
c oh ab i t at ion w i th a m al e I n o th ers the disin cl in at ion doe s no t
.

am o un t to r e p u g n an c e ; b u t th e ab norm al m an fi n ds c o n sid e r

abl e di ffic u lt y i n s t im u l at ing h ims elf t o th e s ex u al ac t w i th f e

m al es an d d eri v es a v ery imp er f ect sat is fact ion f rom th e s am e

,
.

A ce rt ai n t yp e o f m an in the l as t p l ac e s eems t o b e indi ff er en t

, , ,

d esi ring m en at on e t im e an d w om en at an oth er .

I n ord er to gain cl earness in h is exposi t ion U l ri ch s h as

i n ve n t ed n am es for th es e s ev eral sp ec i es Th e so c al l ed h er .
-

m aph ro d i te he dismiss es w i th the G erm an d esign at ion o f z wi tter .

I mp erfect indi v id u als o f th is t yp e are no t t o b e c onsid ered ,

b ec aus e i t is w ell k no w n th at th e m al e an d f em al e org ans are

n ev er d ev el op ed in one an d th e s am e b ody I t is al so as w e .
,

shall presen tly dis c o v er an essen t i al p art o f h is th eory t o r egard

,

th e pro bl em o f in v ersion psy ch o l ogi c all y .

Th e no rm al m an h e c all s D i oni ng th e ab norm al m an ,

Ur ni ng A m ong ur n ings th os e wh o pr e f er eff emin at e m al e s are

.
,

ch ri st en e d b y the n am e o f Md a nl i ng ; th os e wh o p re fer po w e r
ful and m as c ul in e adu lt s r ec ei v e th e nam e o f Wei bli ng ; th e
228 A P P END I X B .

u rn ing wh o c ar e s f or ado l e s c en t s is s t y l e d a Z wi s chen u r nring -

.

Men wh o s eem t o b e indi ff eren tly att ract ed b y b o th s ex es h e ,

c all s u ra no d i oni ngs A g enuin e D i oni ng wh o f rom l ack o f

.
, ,

w om en or und er the influ en c e o f spe c i al c irc umst an c es c onsor t s

, ,

w i th p e rsons o f h is o wn sex is d enominat e d Ura ni as ter A , .

gen u in e urn ing wh o has pu t r es t rai n t u pon h is inb orn impu l s e

, ,

wh o h as f orc e d h imself t o c oh ab i t w i th w om en or h as p erh aps ,

c on t ract e d m arri ag e is s aid t o b e vi ri li si rt a v iri l iz ed u rning

, ,
.

T h es e ou tl andish n am es th o u gh s eemi n gl y p ed ant i c an d

,

s u p erfluo u s h av e th eir t echn i c al v al ue an d are n ec essary t o the

, ,

prop er und ers t anding O f U l ri c h s s syst em H e is d eal ing ex ’

.

e l u si v el y w i th indi v idu al s cl assi fi ed b y c ommon p arl an c e as m al es

w i th ou t dis t in ct ion U l ri ch s b el i ev es th at h e c an es t abl ish a

.

r eal n at ural di v ision b etw een m en prop er wh om h e c all s dion ,

ings an d m al es o f an anom al ous s ex u al de v el opm en t wh om h e

, ,

c all s u rni ngs H av ing pro c eed ed so f ar he finds th e n ec essi t y

.
,

o f dis t i n gu is h i n g th ree b ro ad typ e s o f th e urn i n g an d o f ,

m ak ing ou t th e c ross es b etw een u rn ing an d d i on i ng o f wh i ch ,

h e al so fi n ds th r ee S p e c i e s I t w i ll app ear i n th e s equ el th at

.
,

wh at ev er m ay b e th o u g h t ab ou t h i s psy ch o l ogi c al hypo th esis the ,

nom en cl at u r e h e h as adop t ed is u s ef u l i n dis c u ssion an d c orr e ,

sp o n d s t o w ell d efin ed p h enom en a o f wh i ch w e h av e ab u nd an t

-
,

i n f orm at ion T he f o ll o w i ng t abl e w i ll m ak e h is an al ysis s u ffi

.

c i en tl y p l ai n

1 M n or Di n i n — U n i a te r wh e n h e h a s a c q u ired
a . o ,g ra s ,

t h e tas t e s o f t h e U r ni n g .

Man nli ng .

W eib l i ng .

2 U r n i ng
.

Zw i s ch en u rn i ng -
.

V iri l i z e d U rn i ng .

3 . U ran o d i o n i n g .

4 . Herm a ph rodi te .

Bro ad ly sp eak i n g th e m al e in clu d e s tw o m ain sp e c i e s : dion

,

i n g an d u rni n g m e n w i th norm al an d m en w i th ab norm al

,

i n s t in ct s Wh at th en c ons t i t u t e s th e dis t in ct ion b etw e e n

.
, ,

th em ? H o w ar e w e j us t i fi e d i n r eg arding th e m as radi c all y

di v e rg en t ?
 ’
UL R I C H S S VIE W S . 22 9

U l ri ch s r ep l i e s th at p h enom en a O f s ex u al i n v e rsio n are

t o b e exp lain e d b y p hysio l ogy an d p ar t i c u l ar ly b y the ev o l u t io n ,

O f th e em b ryo T h e no t ion th at hu m an b ei n gs we r e origin all y

.

h erm ap h rodi ti c i s b o th an c i en t an d w id e spread We fi nd i t in -

.

th e Boo k of G en esis un l ess ind eed th er e b e a c on fusion h er e

, , ,

betw een tw o s ep arat e th e ori es o f c r eat ion God is s aid t o h av e .

fi rs t m ad e m an i n h is im age m al e an d f em al e in on e b ody an d , ,

t o hav e b idd en th em m u lt ip ly Lat er on h e c reat e d th e w om an .

ou t o f p ar t o f th is primi ti v e m an Th e my th r el at ed b y A ris .

t oph an es in P l at o s S ym p osi u m h as a c u rio u s b e aring u po n

’

U l ri c h s s spe c u l at ions T h er e w er e origin all y h um an b eings O f

’
.

th re e s ex es : m en th e ch i l dren o f the sun ; w om en th e ch i l dr en

, ,

o f th e earth ; an d h erm ap h r od i t es th e ch i l dr en o f th e moon ,

.

T h ey w ere round w i th tw o fac es f our f eet and tw o s et s o f r epro

, , ,

d u c ti v e o rgan s api ec e I n the c as e o f th e th ird sex on e set w as

.

m al e the o th er fem al e Z eus on acc o u n t o f th eir s t r eng th an d

, .
,

i nso l en ce s l i c ed th em in t o h alv es S in c e th at t im e the halv es

,
.

o f eac h sor t h av e alw ays s t ri v en to uni t e w i th th eir c orr espond

ing h alv es an d h av e found s om e sat is fact ion in c arn al c ongress
,

mal es w i th m al es fem al es w i th fem al e s an d m al es an d fem al es

, ,

w i th e ach o th er :
Th ey wh o are a section O f t he m al e foll o w t h e ma le and wh i l e th ey ,

a re yo u ng b e i ng s l i c e s O f t h e origi na l m an
,
they h ang ab ou t m en a n d ,

e m b r a ce th e m a n d th e y are th e m s e lv e s t he b es t o f b oys an d yo u th s b e
, ,

cau se th ey h ave t he mos t m a nly na tu re A nd wh en they rea ch m anhoo d .

th ey are l ov ers O f you th and are n o t na tu rally i n cl i ne d t o m a rry or

,

bege t ch i l dren wh i ch th ey do i f at al l o nl y i n ob e dien ce t o the l aw

, , , ,

b u t th ey are s at i s fi e d i f th e y m ay b e all ow e d to l i v e w i th one a no th e r

u nw edde d ; a n d s u ch a n at u re i s pro ne t o l o v e a nd r ea dy t o r e tu rn l o v e ,

a lw ay s e m b ra c i n g t h a t wh i ch i s a k i n to h im S m m ”
( y p os i u 19 1 2 .
,
-
,

J o w e tt s tran sl a t io n )
’
.

Th e n g l o w ing d e sc rip t ion o f Gr eek l o v e th e wh o l e

f o ll o w s a ,

r eminding us v ery cl os el y o f th e c on fessions m ad e b y urni ngs in

mod ern t im es an d pr es erv e d by m edi c al or f oren si c w ri te rs on
,

s ex u al in version .

Nat ur e fai l s t o c omp l et e h er w ork r egu l ar ly an d in ev ery

ins t an c e H av ing su cc eed ed in diffe r en t i at ing a m al e w ith f u ll
.
2 30 A P P END I X B .

f orm e d s ex u al organs from th e und ec id ed fet u s sh e do es no t ,

alw ays eff e ct th e prop e r di ff er e n t i ation o f th at por t ion o f th e

psy ch i c al b ei ng i n wh i ch re sid es th e s ex u al app et i t e T h ere re .

m ai n s a f em al e soul in a m al e b ody Ai ni m a m u li ebri s vi r i li

.

c orp or e i n c lu sa is th e f ormu l a ad o p t e d b y U l ri ch s ; an d h e quo t e s

a p a ss ag e f rom th e V es ti ges of C r ea ti on wh i ch s u gg e s t s th at

th e m al e is a m o r e ad v an c e d prod u ct o f s ex u al ev o l u t ion th an
the f e m al e T h e m al e ins t i n ct O f sex is a mor e ad van c e d prod u ct
.

th an th e fem al e i n st in ct C ons equ entl y m en app ear wh os e b ody

.

has b een di ff er en t i at e d as m as c u l i n e b ut wh os e s exu al ins t in ct

,

h as no t progr e ss ed b eyond th e fe minin e s t ag e 1

.

U l ri c h s s ow n w ords ought t o b e c i t e d u pon th is f und a

’

m en t al p art of h is h ypo th esis sin c e h e do es no t adop t th e

,

O pinion th at the ur n ing i s a d i on i ng arr e s t e d at a c er t ain poi n t

o f d e v el opm en t ; b u t r ath er th at th e r e is an el em en t o f u n c er

t ai n ty att endi n g th e S imu lt an eous ev o l u t ion o f p h ysi c al and

psy ch i c al fact ors from th e ind et erm i nat e ground s t u ff -
.

y s he i s o nly a n a fl ai r of dev el opm ent U p t o a ce r ta in

S ex , sa ,
'

s t age o f e m b ryo n i c e xi s t e nc e a ll l i v i n g m a mm a l s a re h e rm a p h ro di t i c A .

1
It i s ri ght to obse rve that i n t he l as t of h i s p u bl i ca tions u pon
se x u a l i n v e r s io n U l ri ch s c o n s id e ra bl y de p a r te d f ro m h i s h ypo th e s i s o f
an i ma m u l i ebri s i n corp ore vi ri l i i nc l u sa ( Kr i ti sc he P f ei l e S tu ttga rt
.
, ,

187 9 . S ee p . H e s ay s th a t th ose wh o w i s h t o s tu dy t h e p h e n om en on
m u s t b egi n w i th th a t s or t o f u rn ing wh om he ca ll s w e i hli ng T h e .

w e ihl ing i s p hy s i ca ll y and s piri tu all y c omp lexion ed afte r the fema le typ e ;
a n d i n s p i t e o f m a l e orga n s i s mor e o f a w om a n th an a m a n
, ,
F rom h im
.
,

th rou gh s e v eral i nterm e di a te s tage s o f t he z w i s ch e n u rn i ng w e arri ve at

-

t h e m a n n l i ng w h o i s p h y s i c all y a n d s piri tu a ll y m a sc u l i ne i n s pi te O f h i s
,

l o v ing p erson s O f hi s o w n s ex Th i s proc es s O f s exu al di ff ere nti at io n i s

.

fu rther e x te n de d from th e m an nl i ng th ro u gh se v e ra l i nt e rm e dia te s ta ges

, ,

o n t o t h e n orm a l m a n wh o l o v es on l y w om e n
,
A s imi l a r sc ale c a n b e
.

O b se r v e d i n t h e a s c e n t from fe m a l e s wh o l o v e th e ir o w n s ex w i th m a s
cu l i ne p ass i o n u p t o those w h o hav e no l ove ex cep t for m en H e poi nts .

o u t t h a t s u c h g ra d u a l t r ans i t i o n i s n o t o b s e rv abl e be tw ee n w e ib l i ng a nd
w om an or b e tw ee n m a n and w om an ; and h e i nsi s ts th a t t he t ra ns i tion
, ,

b y i ts v e ry na tu re ex clu des t he h ypo th es is o f di sease A cc ordi ng t o h im

,
.
,

t h e rea l s o l u t io n o f t h e probl e m i s t o b e f o u nd i n e m b ryo l og y Wh a t t h i s

.

a rgu m en t a mou nt s t o i s th a t w e o u ght t o r ega rd a ll v a ri e t i e s a n d c e ce n

t ri c i t i e s o f i nb orn s e x u a l a pp e t i te a s h e a l th y d e v i a tio n s from wh at m ay

b e t e rm e d t h e n orm al s t a n d a rd Whe n w e com e to cl as si fy th em w e d i s
.
,

c ove r a rh y th m of su btly gra du ate d di ff eren ce s e x t en di ng from the

e x t re m i t y O f s e x u a l i nv e r s io n u p t o t h e m os t po s i ti v e typ e o f ordi n a ry

s e x u a l i ns t i n ct .
 UL R I C H S S
’
VIE W S . 23 1

c er ta i n mbe r of th em a dv an ce t o t he c ondi tion o f wha t I ca ll m an

nu

( d i o n i n g) o th e r s t o,
wh a t I c a ll w om a n ( di o n i n g i n ) a th ird cl a ss b e c o m e ,

wh a t I call u rn ing ( inc l u di ng u rni ng i n ) It ensu es therefrom th a t b e .

twee n thes e th ree sex es there are no p rim ary b u t onl y se c ondary d i fl er , ,
'

en c e s . An d ye t t ru e di ff e r enc es c o ns t i t u t i ng se x u a l s pe c i es exi s t a s
, ,

.
—
fa c t s Memnon S ect ion X I V ,
.

Man w om an , an d u rning— th e th ird b eing

e i th er a m al e or
,

a f em al e in wh om w e ob s er v e a r eal an d i n b orn no t an ac q u ir ed ,

—
or a sp u rio u s in v ersio n o f app et i t e are c ons equ en tly reg ard ed
,

b y h im as the th r ee m ain di v isions o f h um ani t y v ie w ed from th e ,

poin t o f V i ew o f sex T h e emb ryo n i c gro u nd s t u ff in th e c as e

.
-

o f each w as h omo l ogo u s ; b u t wh i l e the tw o form er m an an d , ,

w om an h av e been norm ally di ff er en t i at ed th e urn ing s s exu al

, ,
’

i n st in ct o w i ng to som e imp er f ect io n i n the pro c ess of d ev el op

,

m en t do es no t c orr espo n d t o hi s or h er s ex u al organs

,
.

T he l in e o f di v ision b etw een th e s exe s ev en in adu lt l i f e , ,

is a sub tl e on e ; an d the p h ysi c al st ru ct u re o f m en and w om en

yi el ds indub i t abl e signs of th eir em ergen ce f rom a c ommo n
gro u n d s t u ff Pe rfect m en h av e rudim ent ary b reas t s P erf ec t
-
. .

w om en c arry a ru dim en t ary p enis in th eir cl i t oris T h e rap h e .

O f th e s c ro t u m sh o w s wh e r e th e ap er t u r e c ommon at fi rs t t o ,

m as c u l in e an d femi n in e b ei ngs b u t aft erw ard o n l y r et ain ed in ,

th e f em ale v u lv a w as cl os e d u p to f orm a m al e O th er an a .

tom i c al d et ai l s o f th e sa m e sor t mig ht b e add u c e d T h at grad u al .

d ev el opm en t wh i ch end s in n orm al di ff er ent i at ion go es on v ery

, ,

s l o wl y I t is on l y at th e age o f pub er ty th at a b oy dis t ingui sh es

.

h ims elf ab rup tl y from a girl b y ch an ging h is v oi ce an d gro w ing ,

h air on p ar t s of th e b ody wh er e i t i s no t us u ally f ound in w om en .

T h is b eing so i t is sur el y no t surprising th at th e s exu al app e

,

t i t e s h o u l d s o m et im es fai l t o b e norm ally d et ermi n ed or in , ,

o th er w ords sh ou l d b e i nv er te d
,
.

U l ri chs m ain t ains th at th e b ody o f an urning is m as c u l i n e ,

h is sou l f eminin e so f ar as sex is c on c ern ed ,

A cc ordi n gl y .
,

th oug h p hysi c ally u n fitted for c oi t ion w i th m en h e is imp era ,

ti v e ly draw n t o w ard the m b y a n at ur al impu l s e Oppon ent s .

“
m eet h im w i th th is O b j ect ion : Your posi t ion is unt en abl e .

”
Body an d so u l c ons t i t u t e on e in sep arabl e en t i t y S o th ey do .
,
2 32 A P P E NDI X B .

r ep l i es U l ri chs ; b u t the way i n wh i ch th es e fac tors of th e per

son are c omb in ed in h um an b eings di ff ers ex t r em ely as I c an ,

pr ov e b y indisp u t abl e fact s Th e b ody o f a m al e is v isibl e t o

.

the ey es is m eas urabl e an d pond e rabl e is cl earl y m ark e d in i ts

, ,

sp ec i fic o rgans B u t wh at w e c all his soul h is p assions i n

.
— ,

c l i n ati on s s en si b i l i t i e s emo t i on al ch aract e ris t i c s

, ,
s exu al d esires ,

— el ud e th e O b s erv at ion o f th e s ens es T h is sec on d fact or l i ke

.
,

th e fi rs t, exis te d in th e und et ermin e d s t age s o f th e fet us A nd .

wh en I fin d th at th e so u l th i s el em en t o f in st in ct an d emo t ion
,

an d d esir e exist ing i n a m al e h as b een dir e ct e d in i t s s exu al

, ,

app e t i t e f rom ear l ie s t b oy h ood t ow ard p ers ons o f th e m al e sex ,

I h av e th e rig h t to qu al i fy i t w i th th e att rib ut e o f femi n ei t y .

You assum e th at so u l sex is indisso l u bly c onn ect ed and in ev i

-

t abl y d eri v e d f rom b ody sex T he fact s c on t radi ct you as I c an

-
.
,

pro v e b y r ef erring t o the v er ac i ou s au t ob iograp h i es o f ur nings ,

an d t o k n ow n p h enom en a r eg arding th e m .

Bu t U l ri ch s se ems to cl aim t oo mu ch f or th e posi t ion he

h as w on . H e ignores th e f r equ en c y O f ac quir ed h ab i t s H e .

sh u t s h is ey es t o the f or c e o f f ash ion an d d epr av i t y H e reck ons .

m en l i k e H or ac e an d O vi d an d C at u ll us am o ng th e an c i en ts wh o, ,

w ere cl ear l y indiff er en t in th eir tast es ( as i n di ff er en t as th e mod

ern Tur k s ) t o th e acc o u n t o f th e u ran o d i on i n gs
,
I n one w ord .
,

h e is so en th usi as t i c for h is p h ysio l ogi c al th eo ry th at h e o v er

l oo k s al l o th e r asp ect s o f the qu es t ion .

L e t u s tu rn th en t o th e c o n sid er at io n o f h is argu m en t s in
, ,

fav or o f f r eeing u rnings f rom th e te rribl e l egal p en alt i es to wh i ch

th ey are at pres en t sub j ect an d i f th is w er e pos sibl e from the
, , ,

no l ess t erribl e so c i al c ond emn at ion t o wh i ch th ey are expos ed

b y the r ep u gn an c e th ey engend er in th e n orm al ly c o n st i t u t ed
m aj ori ty D eal ing w i th th es e ex c ep t i on s t o th e k ind ly r ac e o f
.

m en an d w om en th es e un f or t u n at es w h o h av e no fami l y t i e s
,

k ni t ted b y b onds O f m u t u al l o v e no ch i l dr en t o exp ect no r ec i

, ,

pro c i ty O f p assion to e njoy m ank i n d s ays U l ri ch s h as h i th ert o

, , ,

act e d j u s t i n th e s am e way as a h erd o f d ee r act s wh en i t dri v es

th e si ckl y an d th e w eakl y ou t to d i e i n so l i t u d e b u rd en e d w i th ,

c o n t u m el y and c u t O fl f rom c ommo n symp ath y

,
.

From th e poin t o f V i ew o f moral i t y an d l aw h e argu e s i t , ,

 UL R I C H S S
’
V I E WS . 23 3

d oe s no t signi fy wh eth er we r egard th e sexu al in v ersion o f an

urning as morb id or as nat ural H e has b ec om e wh at he is in .

th e daw n an d fi rs t em erg en c e o f e mo t ion al exis t en c e You m ay .

c o n t en d th at h e d eri v es p erv e rt ed inst i n ct s from h is an ce s t ry ,

th at he i s th e s u b j ect o f a psy ch i c disord er th at f rom hi s c rad l e ,

h e is pr ed es t in ed b y at av ism or dis eas e t o mis ery I m ai n t ain .

th at he is one o f Nat ur e s spo rt s a c r eat ur e h ealthy an d w ell

’
,

organiz ed ev o lv ed in h er sup erb indi ff eren c e t o ab errat ions from

,

th e norm al t yp e We n eed no t qu arrel o v er our sol u t i ons o f the

.

pro bl em Th e fact th at he i s th er e amon g u s an d th at h e c on

.
, ,

sti tu tes an ev er pr es en t f act or in our so c i al sys t e m

-
has t o b e ,

fac ed H o w are w e to d eal w ith h im ? H as so c i et y the right

.

t o p u ni s h i n di v idu al s s en t i n t o th e w or l d w i th h omos exu al i n

sti n c ts ? Pu tt ing th e qu es t ion at i t s l o w est poi n t admi tt i n g th at ,

th es e p ers ons are the Vi ct ims o f c o n g en i t al morb idi t y ought ,

th ey t o b e t reat ed as c rimi n al s ? I t is es tabl ish ed th at th eir

app e t i t e s b eing i n n at e are to th e m at l e as t n at u r al an d u n d e
, ,

p r ave d : the c ommon app et i t e s b e i n g ex cl ud e

,
d f rom th eir s ex u al

s ch em e are t o th em unn at ural an d abh orren t Ought no t su ch

,
.

b ei n gs i n s t ead of b eing h un t ed do w n an d p ers ec ut ed b y the l aw

, ,

t o b e r egard ed w i th pi t ying so l i c i t ud e as am ong the mos t u n

f ort u n ate O f h um an b eings doom ed as th ey are t o i n exti n gu i sh
,

able l o n gings an d l i f e l ong d epri v at i o n O f th at wh i ch is th e ch i e f

-

p ri z e o f m an s exi st en c e on th is p l an et a r ec ipro c at ed l o v e ? A s
’
,

yo u r l aw s at pr es e nt s t an d you i n cl ud e al l c ases o f sexu al i h

,

v ersion u nd er th e o ne d enomi n at ion o f c rim e You m ak e e x c ep .

t ions in som e sp ec i al ins t an c es an d t reat th e m en in v o lv ed as

,

l un at i c s Bu t the urn ing is n ei th er c rimin al nor ins an e H e is

. .

o n l y l ess f or t u n ate th an you are th rough an acc id en t o f b ir th

, ,

wh i ch is at pr es en t ob s c ur e t o our imp er fect s c i en c e o f s exual

d et erm i nat ion .

Bu t h ere ari ses a di ffic u lt y wh i ch c an n o t b e ignor ed sin c e

, ,

u o n i t is b as e d t h e o n l y v al id ex c use f or th e po si t ion t ak e n u p
p
b y so c i et y in d eal ing w i th th is m att er N o t all m en an d w om en .

possess ed b y ab n orm al s ex u al d esires c an cl aim th at th es e are

innat e I t is c ert ain th at h ab i ts o f sodomy are frequen tl y
.

ac quir ed un d er c o ndi t ions o f ex cl usion from the c omp any

234 A P P END I X B .

of p ersons o f the o th er —
in publ i c s ch oo l s b arrack s
s ex as , ,

pris ons c on v en t s sh ips I n som e c as es th ey are d el ib erat e l y

, ,
.

adop t e d b y n at ur e s t ir e d o f norm al s exu al p l easur e T h ey m ay .

ev en b e c om e f ash ion abl e an d epide mi c Las t i t is pro b abl e th at

.
,

c uriosi ty an d imi t at ion c ommuni c at e th em t o o th erw is e norm al

indi v id u al s at a sus c ep t i bl e mom en t of d ev el opm en t T h erefor e .
,

so c i et y has the right t o say : T h os e wh o are th e un f or t u n at e sub

j e c t s O f in b orn s ex u al i n v ersion s h a ll no t b e all o w e d t o i n d u l g e

th eir p assions l es t the mis ch i ef sh o u l d spr ead an d a v i c io u s

, ,

h ab it s h o u l d c on t amin at e our you th From the u t i l i t ari an .

poin t o f v i ew s oc i et y is j us t i fi ed in pro t ect ing i t s elf agains t a

,

minori t y o f ex ce p t ion al b e ings wh om i t r eg ards as p erni c ious t o

th e g en er al w elfar e From any poin t O f v i ew the m aj ori ty is
.
,

st rong en o u gh to c o er c e th e inb orn inst in ct s an d t o t ramp l e on ,

the anguis h o f a f ew u n f o rt u n at e s B u t ask s U l ri ch s is th is

.
, ,

c o nsis t en t w i th h um an i t y i s i t c onsis t en t w i th th e augus t id eal

,

o f imp ar t i al e qui ty ? Are p eop l e so u nd in b ody vigorous i n , ,

mind wh o l esom e i n h ab i t c ap abl e o f gen erous aff ect ions goo d

, , ,

s er vant s o f th e S t at e t rus tw or th y in al l th e ordin ary r el at ions

,

o f l i f e t o b e c o nd em n ed at l aw as c riminal s b ec au s e th ey c an n o t
, ,

feel se xu ally as the m aj ori t y feel b ec aus e th ey fi nd som e sat is,

fact io n f or th eir in b orn w an t in w ays wh i ch th e m aj ori ty dis

like ?
S eek ing a s ol u t ion o f on e di ffic u lt y s t at ed i n th e f orego i ng
p ar agrap h U l ri ch s fi n ds i t i n fac t an d h ist ory H i s ans w er is
,
.

th at i f so c i et y l eav e s Nat u r e t o t ak e h er c o u rs e w i th the abn or ,

m al as w i th the norm al s u b j ect s O f s exu al in cl i n at ion so c i et y ,

w il l no t su ff er I n c o u n t ri es wh er e l egal p en alt i es h av e b een

.

r emo v ed from in v er t ed sexu al i ty wh er e th is is p l ac ed upon the

,

s am e foo ting as the n o rm al n o i n c on v eni en c e has h i th er t o

,

aris en . Th er e h as ensu ed no sudd en an d fl agr an t outb urst o f a

d eprav ed h ab i t no diss emin at ion o f a spr eadi n g moral poison
,
.

On th e o th er h an d in c oun t ri es wh ere th es e p en alt i es e xis t an d

,

are en f or c e d — i n E ngl and f or ex am p le an d in th e m et ropol is o f

, ,

,
—
E ngl an d L ondon i n v ert ed s exu al i t y r u ns rio t d espi te o f l egal ,

pro h ib i t ions d espi t e o f th r eat s o f priso n dr ead o f exposur e an d

, , ,

th e in t o l er abl e p est o f organiz ed cha nta ge I n th e ey es o f .

 UL RI C H S S
’
VIE WS . 23 5

U l ri ch s, o c i e ty is engage d in si tt i n g on a safety v alv e whi ch

s -
, ,

i f Nat ure w ere all o w ed t o op er at e u nh i n d ered w oul d do so c i ety ,

no h arm b u t rath er good T he m aj orit y h e th in k s are no t

,
.
, ,

going to b ec om e ur n ing s for th e S imp l e r eas on th at the y h av e

,

no t the unh appy c o n s t i tu t ion o f th e urning C eas e t o p ers ec u t e .

u rni n gs acc ep t th em as i n c o n sid erabl e e t r al f act ors in t h e

, y e , ,

so c ial c ommon w ealth le av e th em t o th ems elv es ; an d you w i ll

,

n o t b e th e w ors e f or i t an d w i ll al s o no t c arry on your c on

,

s c i en c e th e b u rd en o f i n t o l er an t v indi ct i v en ess .

S u b s t an t i at ing th is posi t io n U l ri ch s d emons t r at es th at ac

,

qu ir ed h ab i t s O f s ex u al in v ersion are al mos t i n v ari ably th ro w n

O ff b y norm al n at ur e s Yo u r b oys at publ i c s ch oo l s he s ays
.
, ,

b eh ave as th o u gh th ey w er e u rn i n gs I n the l ack o f w om en at .

,

th e t im e wh en th eir p ass ions are pr edomin an t th ey yi el d th em ,

s elv es u p t og eth er t o mut ual ind u l g en c es wh i ch w oul d b ring

do w n yo u r l aw s upon th em w i th t erribl e effe ct as adult s You .

are aw are o f th is Y et you r em ain un t rou bl ed i n your mi n ds

. .

An d why ? B ec aus e you fe el c o n v in c ed th at th ey w i ll r et u r n t o

th eir c o n g en i t al ins t i n ct s .

Wh en th e s ch oo l the b arr ack th e prison th e sh ip has b een

, , ,

ab an don ed th e m al e r e v ert s t o th e fe m al e
,
T h is is th e t r u th .

ab o u t d i o n i n gs T h e l arg e m aj ori t y O f m en an d w om en r em ain

.

norm al simp l y b ec au s e th ey w ere m ad e n orm al T h ey c ann o t .

fin d th e s at is fact io n o f th eir n at u r e i n th os e i n v er t e d pr act i c es

t o wh i ch th ey yi el d e d f or a t im e th ro u gh w an t o f n orm al o u tl et .

S o c i et y ris k s l i ttl e b y th e o cc asion al c apri c e O f the s ch oo l th e ,

b arrack th e prison an d th e sh ip Som e g en u i n e u rn ings m ay

, ,
.
,

i n d eed d is c o v er th eir inb orn in cl in ation b y m ean s o f th e pro c ess

,

t o wh i ch you sub j ect th em B u t you are qui t e right in su pposing

.

th at a d i on i n g th oug h you h ave for c ed h im t o b ec om e f or a

, ,

t im e a u ran i aster w ill n ev er in the l ong run app ear as an

, , , ,

urni ng T h e ex t ensi v e exp eri en c e wh i ch E ngl ish p eop l e pos se ss

.

r egardi ng su ch m att ers ow ing to th e no t orious c o n di t io n o f the ir

,

p u bl i c s ch oo l s go es t o c o n fi rm U l ri c hs s posit ion H ead m as t ers

,
’
.
-

k n o w h o w m any u ran i as ters th ey h av e d ealt w i th wh at ex c ell en t ,

d i on i ng s th ey b ec om e an d h o w c omp ar at i v el y r ar e and yet h o w

, ,

in c orrigi bl y stead fas t are the genui n e urnings in th eir flo ck

, .
23 6 A P P E ND I X B .

Th e u psh o t of
th is m att er is th at w e are c on t inually f orc ing
o u r young m en in to c ondi t ions und er wh i ch i f s ex u al in v ersion ,

w er e an ac quir ed att ri b u t e i t w o u l d b ec om e st ereo typ ed in th eir

,

n at u r es Y e t i t do es no t do so Pro v isionall y b ecau se th ey are

. .
,

sh ut O ff from gir l s b ec aus e th ey fi nd n o o th er outl et for th eir

,

sex at th e mom en t o f i t s mos t imp erio u s cl ai ms th ey t urn ,

t ow ard m al es and t reat th eir yo u ng er s ch oo lfell o w s in ways

,

wh i ch w ou l d c o n sign an adu lt t o p en al s e rv i t ud e T he y are .

u ran i asters b y n ec essi t y an d i o n i c de m i eu x B u t no soon er are .

th ey l et l oos e upon th e w orl d th an the m aj ori ty r ev er t t o norm al

c h ann el s T h ey pi ck u p w om en in th e st ree t s and f orm c on
.
,

n ec ti on s as th e p h ras e go es
,
Som e undoubt ed ly in th is fi ery
.
,

fu rn ac e th ro u g h wh i ch th ey h av e b een p assed dis c o v e r the ir ,

i n b orn s exual in v ersion T h en wh e n th ey c anno t resis t th eir

.
,

pro cl i v i ty you c ond emn th em as c rimin al s in th eir l at er y ears !

,

I s th at j u s t ? W o u l d i t n ot be b ett er to rev er t fro m our c i v i l iza

—
t ion t o the m ann ers o f th e savag e m an t o i n i t i at e you th s int o
th e mys t eri es o f sex an d t o gi v e each in h is t urn th e ch an c e
, , ,

o f d ev el oping a norm al ins t in c t b y pu tt ing h im during h is t im e ,

o f p u b er t y freel y and fran kl y t o the fem al e ? I f you abh or

,

u rnings as you s u r el y d o you are at l eas t r esponsi bl e f or th eir

, ,

mish ap b y th e ex t r aordin ary w ay in wh i ch you b ring th em up .

A t al l ev ent s wh en th ey d ev el op in t o th e e cc en t ri c b eings wh i ch
,

th ey are you are th e last p eop l e in th e w orl d wh o h av e any right

,

t o p u ni sh th em w i th l egal p en alt i es so c i al obl oquy ,

.

C o n side ri n g th e pr es ent st at e o f th e l aw in mos t c o u n t ri es

t o b e in equ i t abl e t ow ard a r esp ect abl e minori t y O f c i tiz ens ,

U l ri ch s propos es th at u rnings s h ou l d b e p l ac e d upon th e s am e

f oo t ing as o th er m en T h at is t o say s exu al r el at ions b e tw een
.
,

m ale s and m al es sh o u l d no t b e t reat ed as c rimin al unl ess th ey ,

b e att end ed w i th v io l en c e ( as in th e c as e o f rap e) or b e c arri e d ,

on in such a w ay as t o off end th e publ i c s ense of d ec en c y ( in

p l ac es o f g en eral re sort or i n th e publ i c s t reet ) or th ird l y b e , , ,

en t er t ain ed b etw e e n an ad u lt an d a b oy und er age ( th e pro t ect e d

age t o b e d ec id e d as in th e c ase o f gir l s )

,
Wh at h e d emands is .

th at wh en an adult m al e f reel y and O f h is o w n c ons en t c om

, ,

p l i es wi th the propos al s O f an ad ult p erso n of his o w n sex an d ,

 ’
UL R I C H S S VI E W S . 23 7

their in t er c ours e t ak es p l ac e w i th d u e r egard for publ i c d ec en c y ,

n ei th er p ar ty s h al l b e l i abl e t o prosec u t ion an d pu n ish m en t at

l aw.
! H e s e e ms h o w,
ev e r t o h av e gon ,
e f ur th e r th an is he re

st at ed and to h av e ad v o c at ed m arri ages b etw een p ersons o f th e

,

sam e sex ] .

I f so mu ch we re c on c ed ed b y the m aj ori ty o f norm al p eop l e

t o the ab norm al minori ty c on t inu es U l ri ch s an imm en se
, ,

amoun t O f mis ery an d fur t i v e v i c e w ou l d be at on c e ab o l is h ed .

A d efend er O f th e pr es en t l aw s o f Pru ssi a E ngland etc might , ,

.
, ,
“
ind eed re p ly : T h is is op ening a f ree w ay t o the s ed u ct ion an d
,

c orrup t ion of young m en ”

B u t you n g m en are sur el y at l eas t
.

as c ap abl e o f d ef ending th ems elv e s ag ains t s ed u ct ion an d c or

ru p t ion as yo u ng w om en are N ay th ey are f ar mor e able no t

.
, ,

m erel y b ec au se th ey are s t rong e r b u t b ec aus e th ey are n ot u su

,

all y w eak en ed b y an o ve rpo w ering s exu al ins t in ct on wh i ch th e

se du c er p l ays Y e t the s edu ct i o n and c orr u p t ion o f y o u ng

.

w om en is t o l er at e d in spi t e O f th e att en d an t c o n s equ en c es o f

,

i ll egit im at e ch i l db irth and al l wh i ch th at i n v o lv es

,
Th is .

to l er at ion o f th e s edu ct ion o f w ome n b y m en springs from th e

assump t io n th at on l y th e norm al s ex u al app et i t e is n at ur al The .

s educt ion o f m an b y a m al e p ass es for c rimin al b ec ause th e ,

in ver t e d s exual ins t in c t is r egard ed as unn at u ral de prav ed an d , ,

w i llf u ll y p erv ers e On th e h ypo th esis th at indi v id u al s su bj ect

.

t o p erv ert ed ins t in ct s c an suppress th em at p l easure or c on v er t

the m int o no rm al app et i t e i t is argu ed th at th ey m u s t b e pu n
i sh ed. Bu t wh en th e r eal fact s c om e t o b e st u di ed i t w i ll b e
, ,

f o u nd : fi rs t th at th es e ins t in ct s are i nb orn i n urnings and are

, , ,

th er efore in th eir c as e n at ural ; sec ond ly th at the su p pre ssion o f

, ,

th em is t an t amoun t t o l i fe l ong ab s t i n en c e und er th e c ons t an t

-

t or t ur e o f s exual so l i c it at ion ; th ird l y th at th e c on v ersio n o f ,

th em int o norm al ch ann el s is in a l arge p er c en t ag e of c as es

, ,

t o tall y impossibl e in n earl y al l wh ere i t has b een att emp t ed is

,

onl y p art i all y su cc ess fu l ; and wh er e m arri age ensues has generall y
ende d in mis ery f or b o th p art i e s U l ri ch s i t w i ll be no t i c ed
.
, ,

do es no t dist ingu ish b etw een u rni n gs in wh om the in v ersion is ,

admi tt e d t o b e c ong en i t al an d u ran i asters i n wh om i t h as b ee n

, ,

ac quir ed or d el i b erat el y adop t e d A nd i t w oul d be ve ry di ffic ul t

.
23 8 A P P E ND I X B .

t o fram e l aw s wh i ch sh o u l d t ak e s ep arat e c o g niz an c e o f th ese

tw o cl ass es Th e C ode N ap oléon l egal iz es th e posi t ion o f b o th
.
,

th e oret i cally at any rat e T he E ngl is h C od e t r eat s b o th as

, .

c rimin al doing th er eby i t m u st b e admi tt ed m ark e d inj u s t i c e

, , ,

t o rec ogniz ed urn ings wh o at th e w ors t are morb id or insan e

, , , ,

or s ex u ally d ef orm ed th rough no fau lt o f th eir o w n

, .

I n th e pr es en t st ate o f th i n gs adds U l ri ch s th e m en wh o , ,

yi el d th eir b odi es t o ab norm al l o v ers do no t do so m er el y out o f

c omp l i an c e symp ath y or th e d esire for r eason abl e r eward Too
, , .

O ft e n th ey s p ec u l ate upon th e i ll eg al i t y O f th e c onn ect ion an d ,

h av e th eir m ain O bj ect in th e ex t ort ion o f mone y b y th reat s O f

exposur e T h us th e v ery b as est o f al l t r ad es th at o f chan tage
.
, , ,

is en c o u raged b y th e law A lte r th e l aw and ins t ead o f i n

.
, ,

c r easing v i c e you w i ll dimini sh i t f or a m an wh o sh o u l d th en

, ,

m eet the ad v an c es o f an u rning w o u l d do so ou t o f c omp l i an c e ,

or as is th e c as e w i th f em al e pros t i t u t es upon the exp ect at ion

, ,

o f re ason abl e gain T h e t emp t at ion t o p ly a disgrac ef u l pro i es

.

sion w i th th e O b j ect o f ex t or t ing mon ey w ou l d b e av oid ed .

M oreo v e r as r egards indi v idu al s al i k e ab norm all y c ons t i t ut ed

, ,

v o l u n t ary and m u t u all y s at i sfying r el at io n s fre e from d egrading ,

ris k s and possi bl y p erm an en t might b e f orm ed b etw een respon

, ,

si bl e ag en t s .

O n e s erious O b j ect ion t o r ec ogn izi n g and t o l er at ing s ex u al

in v ersion h as alw ays b ee n th at i t t ends t o ch eck th e popu lat ion .

Th is w as a so u nd po l it i c al an d so c i al argu m en t in th e t im e o f
M o ses wh en a sm all an d mi l i t an t t ri b e n eed ed t o mu lt ip l y t o the
,

fu ll ex t en t o f i t s pro c reat i v e c ap ac i ty I t is b y no m eans so .

v al id in ou r age wh en the h ab i t abl e por t ions O f th e gl o b e are

,

r apid l y b ec omi n g o v er c ro w d ed M oreo v er w e mus t b ear in min d

.
,

th at so c i et y und er th e exis t i ng ord er san ct ions fem al e pros t i t u

, ,

t ion wh er eb y m en an d w ome n th e no rm ally pro c r eat i v e are

, , ,

st eri l iz ed t o an ind efi ni te ext en t L o gi c in th es e c ir c umst an c es

.
, ,

r end ers i t in equi t abl e an d ridi c ul ous to d eny a st eri l e e x er c is e o f

sex t o ab norm al m en an d w om en wh o are b y ins t in ct and c on ,

g eni t al di ath esis non pro c reat i v e -

.

A s the result o f th es e c onsid erat ions U l ri ch s c on cl ud es th at ,

th ere is no r eal ground f or th e p ers ec u t ion O f urnings ex c ep t ,

 ’
UL R I C H S S VIE W S . 239

su ch as m ay b e f ound in th e r epugn an c e f el t b y th e vast nu

m eri c al m ajori t y f or an insigni fic an t minori t y T he m aj ori ty .

en c ourag e s m at rimony c ondon e s sedu ct io n san ct io n s pros t i t u

, ,

t ion l egal iz es di v or c e in the in t er est s o f i t s o w n s exu al pro

, ,
‘

c l i v i ti es
. I t m ak es t emporary or p erm an en t unio n s i ll eg al for
th e minori t y wh ose in v ersion o f i n s t in ct i t abh ors A nd th is p er .

sec u ti on in th e popu l ar mind at any rat e is jus t i fi e d l i k e m any

, , , ,

o th er in equi t abl e act s o f prej udi c e or ignor an c e b y th eo l o gi c al ,

ass u mp t ions an d th e so c all ed m an d at es o f r eve l at ion

-
.

I n th e ne x t p l ac e i t is o bj ect e d th at in v er t ed s exu al i ty is
,

d emor al izing t o th e m anh ood o f a n at io n th at i t d egrad es th e ,

dign i t y o f m an an d th at i t is in c ap abl e o f mor al el evat ion

,
.

W i th reg ard t o the dig n i t y O f m an is th ere as k s U l ri ch s any

, , ,

th in g more d egrading t o h um an i ty in s exu al act s p er form ed b e

twe en m al e an d mal e th an in simi l ar act s p erform e d b etw een
m al e and fem al e ? M u ch o f th is talk ab o u t th e dig n i ty o f m an ,

says U l ri ch s pro c eeds from a v u l gar mis c on c ep t io n as t o th e

,

n at ur e o f in v ert ed s exual d esire P eop l e assum e th at urnings

.

s eek the ir p l easur e on l y or m ai n ly in an ac t o f un m en t ion abl e

ind ec en cy The ex act opposi t e h e assur es th em is the t ru th
.
, ,
.

Th e v u l g ar h av e c on f o u nd e d tw o di ff e r e n t cl ass e s ; an d e v e ry
b ody wh o s t u di e s th e psy ch o l ogy O f urnings is aw ar e th at th is
in v o lv e s a gr e at i nj us t i c e t o th e l att e r W i th ou t app eal ing t o
.

an t iqu i t y ,th e r e c ords o f wh i ch c on fu t e th is O bj e ct ion o v e r

wh e l m i ngly o n e might r e f e r t o th e num erous p ass ag e s in
,

U l ri c h s s w ri t ings wh e r e h e r el at e s th e fi d el i t y l oy alt y s e lf
’
, ,

sac ri fic e and rom an t i c e n th usi asm wh i ch f r e qu en tl y acc omp any

,

su ch l o v e s an d rais e th em ab o v e b as en e ss
,
.
 A PP END IX C .

LE TT ER F R O M P R OF E S S O R X .

PR O F E S S O R X the wri t er O f the f o ll o wing l ett er wh i ch has

.
,

c om e in t o my h ands and an A m eri c an o f emin en c e wh o h o l ds

, ,

a s c ie n ti fic pro f essors h ip in o n e o f th e fi rst uni v ersi t i es o f th e

w orl d has c arri ed t o th e furth es t ex t en t the th eory o f th e sex

,

u al indi ff er en c e O f th e g eni t al impu l s e an d th e c ons e qu en tl y

,

norm al n at ure o f h omo sexual i t y H e w ri t es : I h av e c onsidered

.

an d inquir ed in t o th is qu es t ion f or m any y ears ; an d i t h as l ong

b een my s ettl ed c on v i ct ion th at no b r each o f moral i t y is i n v o lv ed

in h omos exual l o v e ; th at l i k e ev ery o th er p assion i t t ends wh en
, , ,

d u l y und ers t ood and c on t ro lle d b y spiri t u al feel ing t o th e p hys ,

i c al an d moral h ealth o f th e indi v idual and th e rac e an d th at i t ,

is o n l y i t s b rut al p erversions wh i ch are immoral I h av e kno w n .

m any p ers ons more or l ess the sub j ect s o f th is p assion and I ,

h av e fou n d th em a p ar t i c ul ar l y h igh mi n d ed upright refi ned

-
, , ,

an d ( I mus t ad d ) pure mind ed cl ass o f m en

-
I n Vi ew o f wh at .

ev ery b ody k n o w s O f th e v i l e infl u en c e on so c i e t y o f th e in t er

s exual p assion as i t act u ally exis t s in the w orl d m ak ing m en an d

, ,

w om en s en s u al l o w mi nd ed fal s e ev ery w ay unpri n c ip le d and

,
-
, ,

gross l y s elfi sh an d th is esp ec i ally in th ose nat ions wh i ch s elf

,

righ teo u s l y r ej ect h omos exual l o v e i t s e ems a trav es ty o f moral

,

i ty t o in ve s t th e on e w i th di v in e attri b u tes a n d d enoun c e th e

o th er as i n famous and unn at ur al .

“
T h ere is an error in th e V i ew th at feminin e l o v e i s th at
wh i ch is d i rect ed t o a m an and m as c u l in e l o v e th at wh i ch is
,

dir ect ed t o a w om an Th at do ct ri n e in v o lv es a b egging o f th e

.

who l e qu es t ion I t is a fat al c on c ession t o v u l gar prej udi c e and a

.
,

c on t radi ct io n t o all wh i ch has b een so fi rm ly addu c e d from Gre ek

m ann ers an d ind eed I m ay say t o al l th e natu ra l ev o l u t ion o f
, , , ,

( 2 4 0)
 LE TT ER F R O M P R O FE S S O R X . 24 1

our r ac e Passion is in i t s elf a bl ind th i n g I t is a furious push

. .

i n g ou t n o t w i th c alc u l at ion or c ompr eh ension o f i t s o bj ect b u t

, ,

t o an y th i ng wh i ch st ri k e s the im agi n at ion as fitt ed to i t s n ee d .

I t is no t ch aract eriz ed or di ff eren t i at ed b y the n at ure o f i t s

O b j ect b u t b y i t s o w n n at ur e
,
It s i n s t in ct i s t o a c e rt ain f orm
.

o f act ion or sub mission Bu t h o w th at in s t in ct is d et ermin ed

.

is l argel y acc id en t al Se xual p assion is draw n b y c er tain qu al i

.

t i es wh i ch app eal t o i t I t m ay see th em or th i n k th at i t s ees

.
,

th em in a m an or a w om an Bu t i t is in ei th er c as e th e s am e
,
.

p erson T he c on t ro ll i n g in fl u en c e is a ce r t ain s piri t u al attrac

.

t io n an d th at m ay l i e in ei th er T he tw o dir ect io n s are e qu ally

,
.

n at u r al t o unp er v er t e d m an an d th e abn or m a l f orm O f l o v e is ,

th at wh i ch h as l os t th e po w er O f ex c i t ab i l i ty in e i th er th e on e
or th e o th er o f th ese dir ect ions I t i s u ni sexu al l o v e ( a l o v e f or .

o n e s ex u al i t y ) wh i ch is a p e r v ersion T h e norm al m en l o v e b o th . .

“
I t is t ru e en o u gh th at in primi t i ve s o c i ety all p assion m u s t
h av e b een wh o ll y or m ain ly an im al an d spiri t u al progr ess mus t ,

h av e b een c ondi t io n e d on sub d u i n g i t Bu t th er e is no r eason .

w hy th is sub jug at ion sh ou l d h av e c onsis t ed in ex t irp at ing or ,

t rying t o ex t irp at e on e o f the tw o m ain f orms o f s exu al p assion

,

an d c u lt i v at i n g th e o th e r T h e act u al r easons w er e I t ak e i t
.
, ,

tw o : ( 1 ) t o rese rv e all s exual en ergy f or th e in c r ease o f the rac e ;

( )
2 t o g e t th e u t mos t m er el y fl eshl y p l e as u r e ou t o f th e ex e r c i se

o f p assi on Wh eth er ei th er o f th ese r eas ons adds t o the S piri t u al

.

ele v at ion o f l o v e m ay b e doubt e d C ert ainl y no t th e s ec ond .

,

wh i ch is no w th e mo v ing influen c e in the m att e r I t is t ru e .

enoug h th at al l p assion n eeds t o b e un c easing l y w atch e d b ec aus e ,

th e w ors t evi l s f or m an k ind l i e h idd en in i t s undis c ip l i ne d i n

d u l g en c e Bu t th is is qu i t e as t rue o f in t ersexual as o f h omo
.

s exu al l o v e I cl ear l y b el i ev e th at th e Gr eek moral i ty on th i s

.

subj e ct was f ar h igh er th an ours an d t ruer t o the spiri t u al ,

n at ure o f m an ; that our c i v i l iz at ion su ff ers f or w an t o f th e pur e

an d no bl e s en t im en t wh i ch th ey th ought so us efu l t o th e s t at e ;

an d th at w e oug ht t o th in k an d sp eak o f h omos exu al l o v e n o t ,

as
‘
in v ert e d or ab norm al as a sort O f c o l or bl i n dn ess o f th e
’ ‘
,
’ -

ge ni t al sense as a l am en t abl e m ar k o f in ferior d ev el opm en t or

, ,
‘ ’
as an u nh appy fau lt a m as c u l in e b ody w i th a f eminin e so u l
, ,

16
24 2 A P P END I X C .

b u t as b eing in i t se lf a n at ural p u r e and sound p assion as

, , ,

w orth y O f the r ever en c e o f all fin e n at u re s as the h o n orabl e

”
d ev o t ion O f husb and and w i fe or the ardor o f b rid e an d groom
,
.

I pr esen t th is s t at em ent O f Pro fessor X s as re pres en t ing

.
’

th e farth es t p oin t t o wh i ch th e d ef ens e O f s ex u al in v ersion h as

gon e or ind eed c ou l d go un l ess anyon e w ere b o l d enough t o
, , , ,

ass ert th at h omosexu al i t y is th e on l y norm al impu l s e an d h et ero

,

s exual l o v e a p er v ersion B u t a b ro ad V i ew O f th e p h enome n a

.

o f sex among anim al s g en erall y or ev en in sav ag e or b arb arous

,

r ac es O f m an do es no t t end t o m ak e out ev en a p ri ma faci e c ase

,

in i t s fav o r
.
 A PP END IX D .

T HE S CH OO L F R I END S H I P S OF G I RL S
-
.

A SC H O OL F R I END S H I P is t erm e d b y I t al ian girl s a flam e

-
“

(fi am m a ) . T h is t e rm as exp l ai
,
n e d b y O b i c i a n d M a r ch esi ni ,

indi c at es, in sch oo l sl ang b o th th e b el o v ed p erson and th e

-
,

frie ndsh ip in th e ab st ract ; b u t i t is a f ri endsh ip wh i ch has th e

no t e o f p assion as fel t and und erst ood in th is en v ironm en t I n .

“
e v ery c o l l eg e th e
”
flam e is regard ed as a n ece ssary ins t i t u t ion .

T h e r el at ionsh ip is usu all y o f a m ar k ed l y Pl at oni c ch aract er an d ,

g en erally exis t s b etw een a b o ard er O n one sid e an d a d ay pupi l -

on the o th e r N o tw i th s t anding h o w ev er i t s app ar en tly no n

.
, ,

s exual n at ur e al l the s exu al m an i f es t at ions o f c o ll eg e y ou th

,

c ir cl e around i t an d in i t s v aryi ng asp ect s o f d i ff e ring in t ensi t y

,

al l th e gr ad at ions o f s e x u al s e n t im e n t m a b e e xpr e ss e d
y .

O b i c i an d Mar ch esini c arri ed on th eir in v est i gat ion ch i efly

among th e pupi l s o f N orm al s ch oo l s th e age o f th e gir l s b eing
,

b etween 1 2 and 1 9 or 2 0 Th er e are b o th b o ard ers and d ay

.

pupi l s at th es e c o ll eges ; th e b oai d ers are mos t infl amm ab l e bu t

'

i t is the d ay pupi l s wh o furnish th e sp ark s

-
.

O b i c i and Mar ch esini rec ei v ed mu ch assis tan c e in th eir

s t udi es from form er pupi l s wh o are no w the mselv es t each ers .

O n e o f th es e a d ay pupi l wh o h ad n ev er h ers elf b een ei th er th e

,
-

O b j ect or th e ag en t i non e o f th e se p ass ions b u t h ad had amp l e ,

oppor t uni ty o f m ak ing p erson al o b s ervat ions w ri t es as f o ll o w s : ,

“
The fl am e pro c eeds ex actl y l i k e a l o v e r el at ion sh ip ; i t O ft en
‘ ’
-

happ ens th at on e o f th e gir l s sh o w s m an l i ke ch aract eris t i c s -

,

e i th er in p h ysi c al t p e or in en ergy an d d e c ision o f ch ar act er ;

y
th e o th er l ets h erself b e l o v ed act ing wi th al l th e o b s t in ac y
—
,

an d one mi ht al mos t say th e s h yne ss o f a gir l w i th h er l o v er

g
.

T he b egi nm ng O f th es e r el at ionsh ips is qui t e di ff er en t f rom the

( 2 43 )
24 4 A P P END I X D .

us u al b egin n ings O i f ri endsh ip I t is no t b y b eing always t o

.

g eth er t alk ing and s t udying t og eth er th at tw o b ec om e flame s ;

, ,
‘ ’

no gen er ally th ey do no t ev en k n o w each o th er ; one sees th e

,

o th er on the s t airs in th e garde n in th e c orridors an d th e

, , ,

emo t io n th at aris es is n ear l y alw ays c all ed f or th b y b eau t y and

p hy si c al gr ac e T h en the on e wh o is fi rs t s t ru ck b egins a r egu

.

l ar c our t sh ip : fr equ en t w alk s in the gard en wh en th e o the r is

l i k ely t o b e at th e w indo w o f h er cl ass room p aus es on th e s t airs -

t o see her p as s ; in Sh ort a mu t e adorat ion m ad e up o f g l an c es

,

an d s i g h s L at e r c om e pre s en t s O f b eaut i fu l flo w ers an d l i ttl e

.
,

m ess ag es c onv ey ed b y c omp l ac en t c omp anions Fin all y i f the .

,
‘
flam e sh o w s si gns o f appr ec i at ing al l th es e proo f s o f aff ect io n
’
,

c om es the l ett er O f d ecl arat ion L ett ers o f de cl arat ion are l ong
.

an d ard e n t t o su ch a d egr e e th at th ey equ al or surp ass r eal

,

l o v e d e cl ar at ions
-
T h e c our t e d on e n e arl y alw ays acc ep t s
.
,

som e t im es w i th e n th u si asm o ft en e s t w i th m any o bj ect ions an d

,

dou bt s as t o th e aff e ct ion d ecl ar e d I t is on ly aft e r m any en .

”
t r e at i es th at sh e yi el ds an d th e r e l at ions h ip b egins .

A no th er c o ll ab orat or wh o has h ers elf alw ays arous ed very

“
num ero u s fl am es gi v es a v ery simi l ar d es c rip t ion t ogeth er
”
,

w i th o th er p art i c u l ars T h us Sh e s t at es : I t m ay b e said th at

.
“

‘ ’
6 0 p er ce n t o f th e gir l s i n a c o ll eg e h av e flam e r el at ions h ips
.
,

an d th at o f th e r em ai n ing 4 0 on l y h alf r ef us e f rom d el i b er at e

rep u l sion t o su ch aff ect io n s ; the o th er 20 are ex cl ud e d ei th er

be c au se th ey are no t s u ffic i en tl y p l easin g in app earan c e or
b ec aus e th eir ch aract ers do no t i n spire symp ath y A nd re .
”
,

gardi n g th e m eth od o f b eginning the r el at ionsh ip sh e w ri t es ,

S om e t im es fl am es aris e b ef or e th e tw o f u t ure fri ends h av e

‘ ’

e v e n s ee n each o th e r m e r el y be c au s e o n e o f th em i s c on
,

si d ere d as b eau t i f u l sym p ath et i c ni c e or el egan t El egan c e

, , ,
.

ex ert s an imm en se f as c i n at ion esp ec i all y on th e b o ard ers

,
wh o ,

are b ou n d do w n b y mo n o t o n ous an d S imp l e h ab i t s A s soon as .

a b o ard er h ears o f a d ay pupi l th at sh e i s ch arming an d el eg an t

-

sh e b egins t o f e e l a l i ve l y symp ath y t o w ard h er r apid l y r each ing ,

an xi et y t o see h er T h e l ong ed f or mor n ing at l eng th arri v e s

.
-
.

T h e b el o v ed un c ons c ious o f th e t umu lt o f p assions sh e has

,

aro u s ed go es i n t o s ch oo l no t k n o w ing th at h er w alk he r mo v e

, , ,
 TH E SC H O O L F R I END S H I P S
-
OF GI RLS . 24 5

m en t s her g arm en t s are b eing ob s erv ed from s tairs or dormi t ory

,

c orridor . For th e b o ard ers th es e ev en t s c ons t i t ut e an

import an t p ar t o f c o ll ege l if e an d o fte n assum e f or s om e th e
-
, , ,

a sp e ct O f a t r ag e dy wh i ch ,
f or t u n at e ly m ay be gradu all y re
, ,
”
so lv e d int o a c om e dy or a far c e .

Many l ett ers are w ri tt en in th e c o u rs e o f th es e r el at ionsh ips ;

O b i c i an d Mar che sini h av e b een abl e t o read o v er 300 s u ch l ett ers
wh i ch had b een c arefu ll y pr es er v ed b y th e r ec ei v ers an d wh i ch ,

ind eed f orm ed th e ch i ef m at eri al f or th is s t udy T h ese l ett ers

,
.

“ ”
cle ar ly S h o w th at th e flam e most usu all y aris e s from a p h ysi c al
symp ath y an admirat ion o f b eau ty and el egan c e T h e l ett ers
, .

“ ”
w ri tt en in th is fl am e rel at ionsh ip are fu ll O f p assion ; th ey
app ear t o b e o ft en w ri tt en d u ring p eriods O f p h ysi c al ex c i t em en t

an d psy ch i c e r e th ism an d m ay b e c onsid er e d O b i c i an d M ar ch e

, ,

sini r em ar k a f orm o f i nt ell ect ual on anism o f wh i ch th e w ri t ers

, ,

aft er w ard f eel r emors e an d s h am e as O f a p h ysi c all y dis h onor

abl e ac t . I n r ef eren c e t o th e und erl ying c onn ect io n o f th ese

feel ings w i th the s exual impu l s e o n e o f th e l ady c o llab orat ors ,

w ri t es : I c an say th at a gi r l who is in l o v e w i th a m an n ev er
“

’ ”
e xp eri en c es fl am e emo t io n s f or a c omp anion
‘
.

O b i c i and M ar ch esini th u s summ ariz e th e diff er en t i al ch ar

“
act e r o f flam es as dis t inguish ed from ordi n ary fri en dsh ips
”

th e ex t raordin ary f r equ en c y w i th wh i ch ev en b y m eans o f ,

subt er fug es th e l o v ers e x ch ange l ett ers ; ( 2 ) th e anxi et y t o see

,

an d t alk t o each o th e r to pr ess ea ch o th er s h ands t o em b r ac e

’
, ,

an d k iss ; ( 3 ) th e l ong c on v e rs at io n s an d th e v ery l ong r ev eri es ;

( )
4 p e rsis t e n t j e al o u sy w i th i t s
,
m a ni f o l d a r t s a n d usu a l r e su lt s ;
( ) x ion f h o d s q i i s i o ri ing
’
5 e a lt a t O t e b el v e u al t e ; ( )
6 t h e h ab t f w t
th e b el o v ed s n am e ev erywh er e ; ( 7 ) ab s en c e o f en v y f or th e l o ve d
’

’
on e s qual i t i es ; ( 8) th e l o v er s ab n egat ion in c onqu ering al l ’

O b s t acl es t o th e m ani fe s t at ions of h er l o v e ; ( 9) th e v ani t y w i th

‘ ’
wh i ch som e r espond t o flam e d ecl ar at ions ; ( 1 0) th e c ons c ious
n e ss o f doing a pro h ib i t ed th ing ; ( 1 1 ) th e p l easur e o f c onqu est ,

o f wh i ch th e t rop h i es ( l ett ers etc ) are pr ese r v ed , . .

”

“
T h e di ff er en c e b e tw een a flam e an d a fri en dsh i p is v ery
”

w ell m ark ed in th e ab so l ute ex cl usi v en ess o f the f orm er wh en c e ,

aris es th e possi b i l i t y o f j eal ousy A t the sam e t im e fri endsh ip

.
24 6 A P P EN D I X D .

and l o v e are h ere w o v en t og eth er T he l ett ers are c has t e ( a f ew

.

ex c ep t ions among so m any l ett ers no t aff e ct ing th i s g en eral ru l e

) ,

an d th e puri t y o f th e fl ame r el at io n s h ip is al so s h o w n b y th e f act

th at i t is usually b etw een b o ard ers and d ay p u pi l s girl s in di f -

,

f eren t cl ass es an d di ff er en t rooms an d s el dom b e tw een t h ose wh o

,
“
are l i v ing in cl os e proximi t y t o each o th e r Ce rtain l y w ri t es ”
.
,
“
o n e o f the l ady c o ll ab orat ors th e fi rs t s ensual m ani fest at ions
,

d ev el op in girl s w i th p hysi c al ex c i t em en t pure and simp l e b u t ,

( at a l l e v e n t s
,
I w ou l d w is h t o b e l i e ve i t ) th e m aj ori t y O f c o ll e g e

gir l s find suffic i en t sat is fact ion in b eing as n ear as possi bl e t o

the be l o v ed p erson ( o f wh i ch ev er sex ) in mu t u al admirat ion ,

and in k iss ing or v e ry f r e qu e n tl y in c on v ersat ion th at is b y n o

, , ,

m eans moral th o u gh usually ve ry m et ap h ori c al Th e O b j ect O f

, .

su ch c on v ers at ion is t o dis c o v er the mos t impor t an t mys t eri es

o f h uman n at ure the why and th e wh er efo re ; i t d eal s w i th
,

n at ur al n e c essi t i es wh i ch th e gir l feel s an d has an in t u i t ion o f

, ,

b u t as yet k n o w s no th ing d efini te ab o u t Su ch c o n v ersat ions .

are th e ord er o f th e d ay in s ch oo l s an d in c o ll eg e s an d sp ec i ally

r ev o lv e around pro c r eat ion th e mos t di ffi c ul t myst ery o f al l

,
.

T h ey are a h eap o f s t upidi t i es T h is l ady had on l y kn own O f

.
”

o n e d efi ni te l y h omos ex u al r el at ion sh ip during th e wh o l e o f h er

c o ll eg e l i fe ; the c oup l e in qu es t ion w er e l i ttl e l i k ed and had

-

“
no o th er fl ames Th e ch i ef g en eral s ex u al m ani fes t at ion thi s
”
.
,

l ady c on cl ude s wh i ch sh e had no t ed among her c omp anions

,

w as a c ons t an t p re o cc u p at ion w i th s exu al mys t eri es an d th e

-

n ec essi ty o f t alking ab o u t th em p erp et u all y .

A n oth er l ady c o ll ab orat or wh o had l i v ed in a Normal s ch oo l

h ad had som ewh at w id er exp eri en c es S h e en te r ed at th e age
.

o f 14 an d exp eri en c ed th e usual l on el in ess and unh appin ess o f

a n ew p u pi l . O n e d ay as sh e was s t anding p ensi ve an d al on e
—
—
in a c orn er o f the room a c omp anion one wh o on her arri val
,

had b een ch arg ed t o sh o w h er o v er th e c o ll eg e ran up t o h er ,

“
em b rac ing m e cl osi n g my mou th w i th a k iss an d so ftl y c ar ess
, ,

ing my h air I gaze d at h er in as t onish m en t b u t exp eri en c ed a

.
,

d el i c ious s en s at io n o f s u prem e c om f ort H ere b egan th e idyll ! .

I was sub j ect ed t o a furio u s t emp es t o f k iss es an d c ar ess es wh i ch

qui t e s t unn ed m e an d m ad e m e ask myse lf th e reason o f su ch
 TH E SC H O O L F R I END S H I P S
-
OF GI RL S . 24 7

a n ew un f or e s een aff ect ion I ing enuo u s l y inquir e d th e

an d .

r easo n an d the rep ly was : I l o v e you you s t ru ck m e imm e

,
‘
,

d i ately I saw you be c aus e you are so b eau t i fu l an d so wh it e

, ,

an d b ec aus e i t m ak es m e h appy an d s oothes m e wh en I c an p as s

my h an ds th ro u gh your h air an d k i ss yo u r p l ump wh i t e fac e ,

.

I n ee d a sou l an d a b ody T h is s eem ed t o m e the l an guage O f

.
’

a sup erior p erson f or I c ou l d no t grasp al l i t s impor t an c e

,
As .

on the o cc asion wh en sh e fi rs t emb rac ed m e I l oo ked at h er in ,

as t onis h m e nt an d c ou l d no t f or th e mom en t r espond t o a n ew

fury O f c ar ess es and k iss es I felt th at th ey w ere not l i k e th e

.

k iss es O f my m amm a my p ap a my b ro th er an d o th er c om
, , ,

p anion s ; th ey gav e m e un kn o w n se ns at ions ; the c on t act o f th os e

mois t an d fl esh y l ips dis t u rb ed m e T h en c am e th e ex ch an ge .

o f l ett ers an d th e usual right s and du t i es o f fl ames Wh en w e ‘

.
’

m et in th e pre s en c e o f o th ers w e w er e onl y t o gr ee t each o th er

simp ly f or fl am es w er e st ri ctl y pro h i b i t e d I ob ey ed b ec aus e
,
‘ ’
.

I l ik ed h er b u t also b ec aus e I was afr aid o f h er O th ell o l i ke

,
-

j eal ousy S he w ou l d suff o c at e me ev en b i t e m e wh en I p l ayed

.
, , ,

j oyo u s ly and th oughtl ess ly w i th o th ers and w o e t o m e i f I

, ,

fai l e d t o c all h er wh en I was c omb ing my h ai r S h e l i k ed t o .

see m e w i th my h air do w n an d w ou l d r es t h er h ead on my

sh ou l der esp ec i all y i f I w ere p ar ti all y undr ess ed I l et her do

, .

as sh e l i k ed an d sh e w o u l d s c o l d m e se v e rel y b ec aus e I was

,

ne v er fi rst in l onging f or h er running t o m eet h er and kissi n g, ,

h er. Bu t at th e s am e t im e th e th ought o f l osing h er th e ,

th o u ght th at p erh aps on e d ay she w ou l d s h o w er her c aress es on

o th ers sec retl y w ound ed my h eart Bu t I n eve r t o l d h er th is !
,
.

O n e d ay h o w ev er wh en w i th th e h ead mis t ress gazing at a b eau

, ,
-

t i fu l l ands c ap e I w as sudd en l y o v er wh el m ed w i th s adn ess an d

,

b urs t ou t c ryi n g The h ead mis t r ess inquired wh at was the

.
-

m att er an d th ro w ing mys elf in her arms I so bb ed : I l o v e her

,
‘
,

an d I s h all d i e i f sh e l eav es off l o v in g m e ! S h e smi l ed an d th e

’
,

smi l e w en t th rough my h ear t I saw at on c e h o w si lly I was .

,

an d wh at a w rong r oad my c omp anion w as on

,
From th at d ay .

I c ou l d no l onger end u re my flam e T he s ep arat ion w as abso ‘

.
’

l u t e ; I c ourag eo u sl y b or e b i t es an d insult s ev en s c ratch es on ,

my fac e f o ll o w ed b y l ong c omp laint s an d c omp l et e prost rat ion

,
.
24 8 A P P END I X D .

I th ought i t w oul d b e m ean t o acc us e h er b u t I in v en t ed a pre ,

te x t f or h av ing th e numb er o f my bed chang ed Th is w as .

b ec aus e she w o u l d dr ess qui etly an d c om e t o p ass h ours b y my

b ed r es t i n g h er h ead on th e pi ll ow
, S he s ai d sh e w ish ed to
.

sm ell th e p er fum e O f my h ealth an d fr esh ne ss T h is c on t inual .

t urb ul en t d esir e had n o w n aus eat e d m e an d I w ish e d t o av oid ,

i t alt og eth er Lat er I h eard th at sh e had form ed a r elationship

.

w h i ch w as no t bl ess e d b y any s ac re d ri t e .

N o tw i th s t an di ng th e P l at oni c ch aract er o f th e c orr espond

en c e s O b i c i an d M ar c h esini r em ar k th er e is r eall y a su b s t r at u m
, ,

o f emo t io n al s exual i ty b en eath i t an d i t is th is wh i ch fi nds i t s

,

e xpr e ss ion in th e ind ec orous c on v ersat ions al re ady r ef er red t o .

“
T h e fl am e is a love fic ti on a p lay of s ex u al love T h is ch arac
”
-
, .

teri sti c c om es ou t in th e f requ e n tl y rom an t i c n am es o f m en an d ,

w om en in v ent ed t o S ign th e l et ters

,
.

Ev e n in th e l ett e rs h o w ev er th e el em e n t o f s exual i m
, ,

p r e ssi o n ab i l i ty m ay cl ear l y b e t r a c e d On Frid ay w.e w e n t t o

a s er v i c e at S an w ri t es on e wh o w as in an insti t ut ion
dire ct ed b y nuns b ut un f ort un at el y I saw M L at a w indo w
,
“
. .

wh en I th ought sh e was at A an d I was in a n erv ous s t at e the

.

wh o l e t im e I m agine th at th at d ear w om an was at th e w indo w

.

w i th b ar e arms an d as i t s eem ed t o m e in h er ch em is e
, ,
No ,
.
”

doubt a simi l ar impr ession might h av e b een m ad e on a girl

l i v ing in h er own fami l y Bu t i t is c ert ain th at th e imaginat i v e
.

c o l ori ng t ends t o b e mor e l i v ely in th os e l i ving in c o ll ege s and

sh u t off from th at v ari ed an d inno c en t O b s er vat ion wh i ch r end ers
th ose ou t sid e c o ll eg es fr eer and more unprej udi c ed On a b oy .

wh o is fr ee t o see as m any w om en as he ch oos es a w om an s fac e ’

c anno t m ak e su ch an impr ession as on a b oy wh o l i v es in a

c o ll ege and wh o is l i abl e t o b e as i t w er e el e ct ri fi ed i f h e sees
, ,

any O b j e ct b el onging t o a w om an e sp ec i all y i f h e s ees i t b y

,

st ealth or duri ng a mood o f ero t ism S u ch an o b j e ct c all s ou t

.

a wh o l e s eri es O f w an t on im agin at ions wh i ch i t c o ul d n ot do

,

in o n e wh o b y h is en v ironm en t was al r eady arm ed agains t an y

, ,

t end en c i es t o ero t i c fet i ch ism T he att ract ion ex ert ed b y th at

.

wh i ch we see bu t s el dom an d around wh i ch fan c y as siduousl y

,

p l ays th e attr act ion O f f orb idd en frui t produ c es t end en c i es and
, ,
 ~
TH E SC H O O L F R I EN D S H I P S
-
OF GI RL S . 24 9

hab i t s wh i ch c o u l d s c ar c el y d ev el op in f r eedom C uriosi ty is .

ac u t e an d is augm en t e d b y th e O b s t acl es wh i ch s t and in th e w ay

,
“
o f i t s sat is fact ion F l am e fet i ch ism is the be gi n ni n g o f such
.

a mor b id f et i ch ism A s en t im en t wh i ch u n d er o th er c ondi t ions

.

w o u l d n ev er h av e gon e b eyond ordinary f ri endsh ip m ay th us b e

“ “ ”
c om e a flam e and ev en a flam e o f m arke dl y sexual ch aract er
”
,
.

U nd e r th ese influ en c es b oys an d gir l s f eel th e p u r est an d sim

p l es t s e n t im e n t s in a h yp e r a
e s th e t i c m ann e r T h e gir l s h er e
.

s t udi ed h av e l ost an ex act c on c ep t ion O f th e simp l e m ani fes t a

t ions O f f ri en ds h ip and th ink th ey are gi v ing ev id en c e o f ex
,

q u i si te s ensi b i l i t y a n d t ru e f ri ends h ip b y l o v ing a c omp anion t o

m ad n ess ; f ri en ds h ip i n th em h as b ec om e a p assion Th at th is .

i n t ens e d esire t o l o v e a c omp anio n p assionat el y is th e r esult o f

th e c o ll eg e en v ironm en t s m ay b e s ee n b y th e f o l l o w ing ex t ract
from a l ett er : You k n o w d ear mu ch b ett er th an I do h o w
“
, ,

ac u t el y gir l s l i v ing aw ay f rom th e ir ow n h om es an d f ar f rom ,

al l th os e wh o are d ear e s t t o th em on e ar th f eel the n ee d o f ,

l o v in g and b eing l o v ed You c an und ers tand h o w h ard i t is t o

.

b e o bl ig ed t o l i v e w i th ou t anyon e t o surround you w i th aff ec

t ion ; and th e wri t er go e s on t o say h o w al l h er l o v e t urns t o
”

her c orr esponde n t .

Wh i l e th er e is an unqu est ion abl e s exual el em en t in th e

“
flam e r el at ionsh ip th is c an n o t b e r eg ard ed as an abs o l u t e
”
,

expr ession o f real c ong en i t al p er v ersion O f th e sex ins t in ct Th e -

.

fr equ en c y O f the p h enom ena as w ell as th e fact th at on l eav in g

, ,

c o ll eg e t o en t e r s oc i al l i fe th e gir l us u all y c eas e s t o f e el th e s e

,

emo t ions are suffic i en t t o s h o w th e ab s en c e o f c ong en i t al ab n or

,
“
Th e es t im at e o f the f r equ en c y o f fl am es in norm al
”
m al i ty .

s ch oo l s gi v en t o O b i c i an d Mar ch esini b y s ev eral l ady c o ll ab ora

,

t ors was ab ou t 60 p er c en t , b u t th er e is no r eason t o suppose

, .

th at w om en t each e rs furnish a l arg e r c on t i n g en t o f p ervert e d

indi v idual s th an o th er w om en T he roo t is organi c b u t th e .
,

m an i fes t ations are id eal and Pl at oni c in c ont ras t w i th th e o th er ,

m ani fes t at ions f ound in c o ll ege l i fe N O inquiry w as made as -

.

t o the d et ai l s O f so l i t ary s exu al m ani fest at ions in th e c o ll eg es ,

th e f act th at th ey exis t t o a mor e or l ess ex t en t b eing s u ffic i en tl y

re c ogniz ed Th e c on v ersat ions al ready ref erred t o are a m easure
.
25 0 A P P END I X D .

of th e x c i t at ions o f s ex u al i t y exis t ing in th es e c o ll ege inm at es

e

an d mu lt ip l i e d in en ergy b y c omm u ni c at i on Su ch dis c ours e .

w as w ro t e on e c o ll ab orat or th e ord er o f th e d ay an d i t t oo k
, , ,

p lac e ch i efly at the t ime wh en l ett er wri t ing al so was eas i es t I t

-
.

m ay w ell b e th at s ensu al ex c i t at ions t rans form e d in t o eth er eal

,

s en t im en t s s er v e t o i n c reas e th e in t ensi ty o f th e flam es

, .
”

T ake n alt ogeth er O b i c i an d M ar ch esini c on cl ud e the flam e

, ,

m ay be r eg ard ed as a p rovi s i ona l syn thesi s We fi nd h ere in .

,

so l u t ion t ogeth er the p hysio l ogi c al el em en t o f i n c ipi en t s ex u al

,

i ty th e psy chi c al el em en t o f th e t ende rn ess nat ural t o th i s age

,

an d se x th e el em en t o f o cc asion o ff er ed b y th e en v iro n m en t and

, ,

th e so c i al el em en t w i th i t s n as ce n t alt r u ism .

T h at th e p h enom en a d es c rib ed in min u t e d et ai l b y O b i c i

an d M ar ch esini cl os el y r es em bl e th e p h enom en a as th ey e xis t

in E ngl ish gir l s s ch oo l s is indi c at ed b y the f o ll o w ing c ommuni

’

c at ion f or w h i ch I am ind ebte d t o a l ady wh o is fami l i ar w i th

,

an E ng l is h gir l s c o ll ege o f v ery m od ern typ e :

’

“
From inquiri es m ad e in v arious quar te rs an d th rough p er
son al O b s erv at ion an d exp eri en c e I h av e c om e t o the c on cl usion
th at the rom an t i c an d emo t io n al att ach m en ts f orm ed b y girl s
f or th eir fem al e fri ends an d c omp anions att ach m en t s wh i ch ,

t ak e a gre at h o l d o f th eir minds f or the t im e b eing are f ar ,

c ommon er th an is g en erall y suppos ed among E ngl ish girl s mor e ,

e sp e c i all y at s ch oo l or c o ll eg e or wh er ev er a n u m b er o f gi r l s or
,

young w om en l i v e t og eth er i n one ins t i t u t ion an d are mu ch ,

se cl u d ed .

“
AS f ar as I h av e b een abl e t o fi nd o u t th es e att ach m en t s ,

— wh i ch h av e th ei r o w n l o c al n am es e g rav es spoons etc

,
. .
,
‘
,
’ ‘
,
’
.

are c omp arat i v el y r ar e in th e sm all e r pri v at e s ch oo l s an d t o t all y ,

ab s e n t amo n g gir l s o f the poor e r cl as s att en ding Bo ard an d

Nat i on al s c h oo l s pe rh aps b ec aus e th ey mix more fr eel y w i th

,

th e opposi t e sex .

“
I c an say from p ersonal expe ri en c e th at in one o f the
l arges t an d b es t E ngl ish c o ll eg es wh er e I sp en t som e y ears
, ,
 TH E SC H O O L F R I END S H I P S
-
OF GI RL S . 25 1

‘ ’
rav ing is esp ec i all y c ommon in spi t e o f arrang em en t s wh i ch one
w oul d h av e th ought w ou l d h av e ab o l ish ed mos t unhe alth y feel
’
ings The arrang em en t s th ere are Very simi lar t o a larg e b oys
.

c o ll ege T here are num erous b o ar d ing h ous es wh i ch h av e on

‘

-
.
, ,

an av er age f or ty t o fifty s t ud en t s E ach h ous e is und er th e

,
.

m an ag em en t o f a w ell edu cated h ouse mis t r ess ass isted b y h ous e

- -

go vern esses ( qui te sep arat e fr om c o ll ege t eac h ers ) E ach h ous e -
.

has a larg e g ar d en w i th t ennis c o ur t s etc ; and c ri ck et h oc k ey

-
,
.
, ,

an d o the r g am es are c arri e d on t o a l arg e ex t en t g am e s b e ing ,

no t on l y mu ch en c ourag ed b u t mu ch enj oyed Each gir l has a

, .

s ep arat e c ub i cl e or b edroom an d n o junior ( und er 1 7 y ears o f

, ,

ag e ) is all o w ed to en t e r t h e c u b i cl e or b e dro o m o f ano th e r w i th

, ,

ou t as k ing p e rmission o r t o g o t o th e b e d rooms during the d ay

,
. .

I n fac t ev ery th ing i s don e t o dis c ourage any morb id f eel ings
,
.

Bu t al l the sam e as f ar as my exp eri en c e go es th e fri endsh ips

, ,

th ere s ee m more v i ol en t an d more em ot i onal than in mos t p l ac es ,

an d sex su b j e ct s f orm on e o f th e ch i ef t opi c s o f c o n v ers at ion .

“ ‘ ’
I n su ch l arg e s ch oo l s an d c o ll eges th es e r av es are n ot
on ly nume rous b u t s eem t o b e p er enni al among th e gir l s o f all
,

ag e s from t hi rt een y ears up w ard

,
Gir l s und er th at age m ay b e
.

f ond o f som e o th er s t ud en t or t each er b u t in quit e a diff eren t ,

‘ ’
way . T h ese r av es are no t m ere f ri end sh ips in th e ordin ary
s ens e o f the w ord nor are th ey in c omp at i bl e w i th ord inary
,

f ri endsh ips A gir l w i th a rav e O ft en has s ev eral in t im at e

.
‘ ’

fri ends f or wh om aff ect ion is f elt w i th out the emo t io n al feel ings
’
an d p l easur abl e ex c i t em en t wh i ch ch aract eriz e a r av e
‘
.

“
From wh at I h av e b een t o l d b y th ose wh o h av e exp eri en c ed
,

the s e rav es an d hav e sin c e b een in l o v e w i th m en th e emo t ions

‘ ’
,

c all e d f or th in b o th c as es w er e si mi l ar alth ough in the c as e o f ,

the rav e thi s fact was no t rec ogniz ed at th e t im e

‘ ’
T h is app ears .

t o poi n t t o a s exu al b asis b u t on th e o th er h and th ere are m any

, , ,

c as es whe r e th e feel ing s eems t o b e mor e spiri t ual a sor t O f u p ,

l i fti n g of the wh o l e sou l w i th an in t ense desir e t o l ead a very

—
good l i fe th e f eel in g b eing on e o f r ev er en c e mor e th an an y
th ing e l s e f or th e l o v e d one w i th no d esir e t o b ec om e t oo i n
,

t im at e an d no d esire f or p h ysi c al c on t act .

as a rul e b egin qui t e sudd en l y

,
Th ey m ay b e .
2 52 A P P END I X D .

mut u l on
a or allid e In the c as e O f s ch oo l gir l s the mut u al
on e s .
-

‘
rav e is gen erally f ound b etw ee n tw o c omp an ions or the gi r l s
’
,

m ay h av e a rav e f or on e o f th eir t eac h ers or som e gro w n u p

‘ ’
-

ac qu ain t an c e wh o do es no t n ec essari l y en t er in t o the s ch oo l

,

l i f e I n th is c ase th er e m ay or m ay no t b e a f eel ing o f aff ect ion

.

f or th e gir l by her rav e th ough minus al l th e emo t ion al f eel

‘
,
’

ings .

’
O cc asion ally a s enior s t ud en t w i ll h ave a rav e on a li ttl e ‘

girl b u t th es e c as es are rare an d not v ery act i v e in t he ir sym p

,

t oms gir l s o ver 1 8 hav ing few er rav es and gen erally c ond em n
,
‘ ’

i ng t h em .

I n the l arg e s ch oo l al r eady r e ferre d t o o f wh i c h I h av e

“
,
‘ ’
p ersonal k no wl edg e rav ing was v ery g en eral h ard ly anyon e
, ,

b eing fr ee fro m i t A ny f resh s t ud en t w ou l d soon fall a Vi ct im

.

t o the fas h io n wh i ch rath er poin t s t o the fact th at i t is i nfe c

,

t ious S om et im es th er e might b e a l u ll in th e gen eral rav ing

.
,

o nl y to r eapp ear aft er an int er val in mor e or l ess o f an epid emi c

f orm S om et ime s n early al l th e rav es w ere felt b y s t ud en t s f or
.
‘ ’

th eir t each ers at o th er t im es i t was mor e app ar en t b etw een the

,

girl s th ems elv es .

S om et im es on e t eac her was rav ed on b y s ev eral girl s In

‘
.

many c ases the gir l s rav ing on a t each er w ou l d h av e a v ery great

,

—
f rie nds hi p w i th on e o f t h ei r c omp anions t alk i n g w i th each
o th er c onst an tl y o f th eir r esp ect i v e rav es d es c ri b ing th eir feel ‘ ’
,

ings and gen erall y l ett ing O ff s t eam t o on e ano th er indul ging ,

som et im es in th e act i v e de mons t rat ions o f aff ect ion wh i ch th ey

w er e d eb arred fro m sh o w ing the t each er h er s elf and in som e ,

c as es h aving no d esire t o do so ev en i f th ey c ou l d .

“
A s f ar as I h av e b ee n ab l e t o judg e th ere is no t n ec essari ly ,

an y att r act ion f or p h ysi c al ch ar act e ris t i c s as b eau t y el eg an c e , , ,

etc ; th e tw o p ar t i c ip an t s are pro b abl y b o th o f s t rong ch ar act e r

.

or a w eak ch aract er rav es on a st ronger b u t rar el y vi ce versd ,

.

“
I h av e O ft en no t i c ed th at th e same p erson m ay b e rav ed
on at diff er en t t im es b y s ev eral p eop l e o f d i ff erent ch arac t ers
an d o f all ag es : say up t o th irt y y ears o f age ,
I t is h ard t o say .

wh y som e p erson s mo re th an oth ers sh oul d inspire th is feel ing .

O ft en th ey are r es erv ed w i th ou t any p art i c ul ar p hysi c al att rae

,
 TH E SC H O O L -
ER I E N D S H I P S or GI RL S . 253

t ion an d O ft en d espising rav i n g an d emo t ion al fri endsh ips an d

, ,
‘ ’
gi ve no en c o u r ag em en t t o th em T h at th e m aj ori t y o f rav es .

h ave a s exu al b asis m ay b e t ru e b u t I am sur e th at i n the m a ,

j ori ty o f c as es wh er e young gi rl s are c o n c er n ed th is is no t in th e

l eas t r ec ogniz ed and no impuri t y is in du l g ed in or w ish ed f or
,
.

T h e m aj ori ty o f th e girl s are en t ir el y ignoran t o f all s exu al

m att ers an d und ers t and n o th ing wh ate v er ab ou t th em Bu t
,
.

th ey do w ond er ab ou t th em an d t alk ab o u t th em c ons t an tl y ,

’
more esp ec i all y wh en th ey h av e a r av e wh i ch s eems t o point ‘
,

t o som e subtl e c o n n ect ion b etw een th e tw o T h at th is ignoran c e .

exis t s is l arg el y t o b e d ep l or e d T h e sub j ect i f on c e th o u gh t o f

.
, ,

is alw ays th ought o f an d t alk e d O f an d in f ormat ion is at l ength ,

g en eral ly g ain ed in a regrett able m ann er From p erso n al exp eri .

en c e I k no w th e ev i l r e su lt s th at th is ignor an c e an d c ons t an t

e nd eav o ring t o fin d ou t ev ery th ing h as o n th e mi n d an d b odi e s

O f sch oo l gir l s I f ch i l dren h ad the n at ur al an d simp l e l aw s o f

-
.

c re at ion c ar efu ll y exp l aine d t o th em b y th eir p ar en t s m u ch ,

h arm w ou l d b e prev en t ed an d th e c on v ersat ion w ou l d no t al ,

w ays t urn on s ex u al m att ers T he Bibl e is o ft en c onsult ed f or .

th e dis c o v ery o f h idd en mys t eri es .

‘
R av es on t each ers are f ar c ommon er th an b etw een tw o
’

g ir l s. I n th is c a s e th e gir l m ak e s no s e c r e t o f h er att ach m en t ,

c onst an tl y t alk ing o f i t an d d es c rib ing h er f eel ings t o any wh o

c ar e t o l ist en an d w ri t ing l ong l ett ers t o her f ri en ds ab o u t the
s am e I n the c as e o f tw o girl s th ere is mor e l ik el y t o b e a s exu al
.

el em en t g r eat p l easure b eing t ak en in cl os e c on t act w i th on e

,

ano th e r an d f r equ en t k issi n g an d h u gging Wh en p ar t ed l ong .

,

l ett ers are w ri tt en o ft en d ai l y ; th ey are full o f aff ect ion at e ex

,

pre ssions o f l o v e etc b u t th er e is al so a fr equ ent referen c e t o

,
.
,

th e h appin ess an d d esir e t o do w ell th at th eir l o v e h as inspir ed

th em wi th wh i l e O ft en v ery d eep l y r el i gious feel i n gs app ear t o
,

b e g ene rat e d an d m any good r eso l u t ions are m ad e T h eir v arious .

emo t ion al f eel ings are d es c rib e d in ev ery minu t e d et ai l t o each

o th er .

“ ‘ ’
Th e d u rat ion o f rav es v ari es I h av e k no w n th em t o l as t .

th ree or f our years mor e o ft en on l y a f ew mon th s O cc asion all y

, .

wh at b egan as a rave w i ll t urn in t o a s ensib l e fi rm fri endshi p

‘ ’
.
 A P P END I X D .

I im agin e th at th er e is s el dom any act u al in v ersion an d on gro w ,

ing up th e r av e s g en erall y c eas e T h at th e rav ers fee l an d

‘ ’
.
‘ ’

ac t l i k e a p ai r o f l o v ers th er e is no dou bt an d th e m aj ori t y ut

p ,

do w n th es e rom an t i c fri endsh ips for th eir o wn sex as d u e in a ,

gre at ex t en t i n the c as e o f girl s at sch oo l s t o b eing w i th ou t th e

, ,

so c i et y o f the O pposi t e sex T h is m ay be t ru e in som e c as es b ut

.
,

p ersonally I th in k th e qu es t io n op en t o di s c u s sion T h ese .

fri endsh ips are o ft en found among girl s wh o h av e l eft s ch oo l

an d h av e ev ery l ib ert y ev en among g irl s w h o h av e had n u m e rous
,

fl i rtati ons w i th the opposi t e se x wh o c an n o t b e acc us e d o f i n ,

v ersion an d wh o h av e all the f em i nin e an d dom es t i c ch arac

,

teri sti c s .

I n i ll u s tr at ion o f th ese poin t s I m ay b ring forw ard the f o l

“

l o w ing c as e : A an d B w ere tw o gi rl s at th e sam e c o ll eg e Th ey

. . .

be l ong ed t o di ff er en t cl iqu es or s et s ; o cc u pi ed di ff er en t b ed
,

rooms ; n ev er m et in th eir s ch oo l w ork an d w er e pract i c ally -

on l y k no w n t o one an o th er b y n am e O n e d ay th ey ch an c ed t o .

si t n ex t t o on e an o th er at som e m eal T h ey b o th al r eady h ad .

‘
rav es A on an act or she h ad l at el y s een B on a m arri ed
’
,
.
,
.

w om an at h er h om e Th e c on v ersat ion h app en e d to turn on

.

‘ ’
rav es an d mut u al at tr act ion was s u dd en ly f elt From th at mo
, .

m en t a n ew in t er es t c am e in t o th eir l i v es T h ey l i v ed f or on e .

ano th e r A t the t im e A w as 1 4 B a y ear o l d er Bo th w ere

. .
,
. .

som ewh at pr ec o c ious for th eir age w er e pract i c al w i th p l en t y , ,

O f c ommon s ens e v e ry k een on g am es in t er es t e d i n th e ir l e ssons

-

, , ,

an d v ery i n d ep end en t b u t at th e s am e t im e w i th m ar k ed femi

,

nin e ch aracte ris t i c s an d p op u l ar w i th th e o p p osi t e sex A fte r the .

firs t f eel i n g o f in t er est th er e was a subtl e ex c it em en t an d d esir e

t o me et ag ain A ll th eir th ought s w er e o cc u pi ed w i th th e sub
.

j ec t
. E a ch d ay th ey m an ag e d as m any p ri v at e m eet ings as pos
sibl e Th ey m et in th e p assag es i n ord er t o say good n ight wi th
.
-

m any em b rac es AS f ar as possi bl e th ey h id th eir feel ings f rom

.

th e re s t o f th eir w orl d Th ey b ec am e ins ep ar abl e an d a v ery

.

l ast ing an d real b u t som ewh at emo t ion al aff ect io n in wh i ch the , ,

s exual el em en t w as c er t ain l y m ark e d sprang u p b etw een th em ,

.

A lth o u gh at th e t im e th ey w ere b o th qu i t e ign oran t o f s exu al

m att ers yet th ey ind u l ged th eir s exual inst in ct s t o som e ex t en t
,
.
 TH E —
S C H O O L F R I END S H I P S OF GI RLS . 25 5

T h ey f elt sur ch arged w i th h i th ert o un exp eri en ce d f eel ings an d

emo t ions inst in ct u rged th em t o l et th es e h av e p l ay b u t i n
, ,

sti n c ti v el y th ey al so h ad a f ee l ing th at t o do so w ou l d b e wrong .

T h is feel ing th ey end eav or ed t o argu e ou t an d fi nd reasons for .

Wh en p ar t ed f or any l ength o f t im e th ey felt v ery mis erabl e an d

w ro t e p ag es t o on e ano th er ev ery d ay pouring for th in wri t ing ,

th ei r feel ings f or on e ano the r I n th is t im e O f act i v e att ract ion

.

th ey b o th b ec am e d eep l y r el igious for a t im e The act i v e p ar t .

o f the aff ect ion c on t inu ed f or th r ee or four years an d no w aft er , ,

an in te r v al o f te n y ears th ey are b o th ex c eeding l y f ond o f o n e

,

ano th er alth oug h th eir p ath s in l i f e are di v id ed an d each h as

,

sin c e exp eri en c ed l o v e f or a m an Bo th l oo k b ack upon th e .

s exu al el em en t in th eir fri en dsh ip w i th som e in te rest I t m ay .

b e r em ark ed in p assing th at A an d B are b o th att r act i v e girl s. .

t o m en an d w om en an d B esp ec i all y app ears alw ays t o h av e

,
.

rous ed r av e feel i n gs in h er o w n sex w i th ou t th e s l ight es t en

‘ ’
,
’
c ou ragem en t on h er p ar t T he d u rat ion o f th is r av e w as exc ep
‘
.

ti onall y l ong th e m ajo ri t y o n l y l as t ing a f ew mon th s wh il e so m e

, ,
’
gir l s h av e on e rav e aft er ano th er or two or th r ee t oge th er
‘
.

I m ay m en t ion on e o th er c as e wh er e I b el i ev e th at i f i t
“
,

had a s exu al b asis th is w as no t r e c ogniz e d b y the p ar t ie s c on

c ern ed or th eir fri en ds T w o girl s o v er 20 y ears o f age p ass ed
.
, ,

in a c orridor A f ew w ords w ere ex ch an g ed : th e b eginning o f

.

a v ery w arm an d f as t frie nds h ip

’
T h ey said i t w as n ot a r av e
.
‘
.

Th ey w er e ab so l ut el y d ev o t ed t o on e ano th er b u t f rom wh at I ,

kn o w o f th em an d wh at th ey h av e sin c e t o l d m e th ei r feel ings ,

w er e qui t e free from any s ex u al d esires th o u gh th eir l o v e for on e ,

ano th er w as great Wh en p art ed th ey ex ch an g ed l ett ers d ai l y

.
,

b u t w ere alw ays en d eav oring to urge on e an o th er on in al l th e

v irt u es an d as f ar as I c an g ath e r th ey n e v er g av e w ay t o any
,

fee l ing th ey th ou ght w as n ot f or th e good of th eir sou l s .

“
L ett ers an d pres en t s are ex ch anged v o w s o f et ern al l o v e ,

are mad e qu arr el s are eng ag e d in f o r th e m er e p l eas u r e o f r ec on

,

c i l i at ion an d j eal ousy is easi l y m an i fes t ed A lth o u gh rav es are

, .
‘ ’

ch i efly found among th e s ch oo l girl s th ey are b y no m eans c on -

fin ed t o th em b u t are c ommon am ong any c ommun i t y o f w om en

,

o f any age say u nd er th ir t y and are no t un k no wn amo n g m ar

, , ,
25 6 A P P EN D I X D .

ri ed w om en wh ere th er e is no in v ersion I n th ese c as es th er e

, .

is u su all y O f c ours e no ignor an c e o f sexu al m att ers

, , .

“
Wh e th er th ere is any dir ect h arm in th es e fri endsh ips I
h av e no t b een abl e t o m ak e u p my min d I n the c as e o f s ch oo l .

g ir l s i f th e r e is n o t t oo mu ch e mo t ion g e n e r at e d an d i f th e se xu al
feel ings are no t indu l ged i n I th in k th ey m ay do more good,

than h arm Lat er on in l i fe whe n al l on e s d esir es and feel ings

.
’

are at th eir s t rong es t i t is mor e dou btfu l

”
.

II I .

T h at th e p h en om en a as f ound in the girl s c oll eges o f Am er ’

i c a are ex actl y simi l ar t o th os e in I t al y an d E ngl and is sh o w n ,

amon g o th er ev id en c e b y some c ommuni c at ions s en t t o M r E

, . .

G L an c as t er o f Cl ark U ni v ersi ty Wor c est er Mas s a f ew y ears

.
, , , ,

ag o .

M r E G L an c as t er s ent ou t a qu esti onnai re t o o v er 800

. . .

t each ers an d o l d er pupi l s d eal i n g wi th various point s c onn ect e d

w i th ado l es ce n c e and r ec ei v ed ans w er from 9 1 p ersons c on tain
,

ing in f orm at i on wh i ch b or e on th e pres en t qu est ion 1

O f th is .

numb er 2 8 mal e an d 4 1 fem al e h ad b een in l o v e b ef ore th e

,

age o f 2 5 wh i l e 1 1 o f each sex had h ad no l o ve exp eri en c e s th is

, ,

indi c at ing sin c e th e w om en w ere in a m aj ori t y, th at th e ab s en c e

,

o f l o v e exp eri en c e is m or e c ommon in w om en th an in m en .

Th es e answ ers w ere from yo u ng pe op l e b etw een 1 6 an d 2 5 y ears

o f age T w o mal es and 7 f em al es h av e l o v ed imaginary ch ar
.

ac ters, wh i l e 3 m al es an d no t l ess th an 4 6 f em al e s sp eak o f p as

si on ate l o v e f or th e s am e sex L o v e o f th e same sex Lan c as t er

.
,

r emark s th o u gh no t g en erall y kn o w n is v ery c ommon ; i t is

, ,

no t m ere fri en dsh ip ; th e l o v e is s t rong r eal an d p assion at e , ,

.

I t m ay b e r em arke d th at th es e 4 9 c as es w er e r eport ed w i th ou t
so l i c i t at ion sin c e th er e w as no refer en c e t o h omos exu al l o v e in
,

the qu es ti onnai re Many o f th e answ ers to th e S yll ab us are so

.

b eau t i ful L an c as t er O b s er v es th at i f the y c ou l d b e prin t ed in

, ,

fu ll no c omm en t w ou l d b e n ec ess ary H e quo t es a f ew o f the .

E G L a n ca s ter, Th e P s y ch o l ogy P e dagogy o f Adolescence

“
and
1
. .
,

P eda gogi ca l S emi na ry , Ju l y , 1 897 , p 88 . .

 TH E SC H O O L F R I END S H I P S
-
OF GI RLS . 257

an s w ers Th us a w oman o f 33 w ri t es : A t 1 4 I had my fi rs t

.

c ase o f l o v e b u t i t w as w i th a gir l
,
I t w as insan e i n t ens e l o ve
.
, ,

b u t h ad the s am e qu al i t y and s ensat ions as my fi rs t l o v e w i th a

m an at 1 8 I n n ei th er c as e w as the O b j e ct id eal iz ed
. I was .

p er fectly awar e o f th eir fault s ; n ev er the l ess my wh o l e b eing

w as l os t imm ers e d i n th eir exi st en c e
, Th e fi rs t l ast ed tw o y ears
.
,

the s e c ond s ev en y ears N O l o ve h as sin c e b een so int ens e b u t

.
,

n o w th e s e p e rs ons th o u g h l i v i n g are no mor e t o m e th an th e

, ,

v eri est st ranger A no th er w om an o f 3 5 w ri t es : Girl s b etw een

.
” “

the ag e s O f 1 4 an d 1 8 at c o l l eg e or girl s sch oo l s O ft en fall i n

’

l o v e w i th th e s am e sex Th is is n o t frie nd sh ip T h e l o v ed o n e
. .

is O l d er mor e ad v an c ed mo re ch arming or beauti fu l Wh en I

, ,
.

w as a f r e s h m an i n c o ll e g e I k n ew at l east th irt y gir l s wh o w er e

in l o v e w i th a s enior Som e so u ght h er b ec aus e i t was th e
.

fash io n b u t I k n ew th at my o wn h om age an d th at O f m any

,

o t hers w as s i n c ere an d p assio n at e I l o v ed he r b ec ause she was

.

bri ll i an t an d u tt er l y indi ff er en t t o th e l o v e s h o w n h er S h e w as .

n o t pr ett y th o u g h at the t im e w e th o u g ht her b eau t i f u l

, O ne .

O f h er adore rs on b e i n g s l ig ht e d w as i ll f or tw o w eek s
, , O n h er .

ret u rn she w as sp eak ing t o m e wh en th e o b j ect o f our admira

t io n c am e int o th e room The sh o ck w as t oo gr eat an d she
.

fain t ed Wh en I r each e d th e s enior y ear I w as the rec ipi en t o f

.

l angu i sh i n g g l an c es origi n al v erses ros es an d p assio n at e l ett ers

, , ,

wri tt en at midn i ght an d th r ee in the morn i n g N O su ch simi l ar .

c on fession s are re c ord ed from m en .

17
 A PP END I X E .

C O U N T E SS S A R O L T A V .

O N th e 4 tho f No v emb e r 1 889 th e fath er i n law o f a c er

, ,
- -

t ain C o u n t S an dor V g av e i n f orm at ion t o th e au th ori t i es th at

.
,

h e h ad b een ch eat ed o f 800 fl o ri n s b y fal s e pret en c es and f u r ,

the r st at ed th at in the spri n g o f th at y ear a fict i t ious m arri age

had t ak en p l ac e b et ween hi s d au ght e r an d C o u n t S andor ; al so
he all eg ed t h at C o u nt S andor w as n ot a m an at all b u t a w om an ,

goi ng ab o u t in m an s cl o th e s and r eally c all ed S aro lta ( Ch ar

’
,

l o tt e) C o u n t ess V .

S h e w as arr es t e d On h er fi rs t examin at io n she ac k n ow l

.

e dg e d th at sh e w as b orn on th e 6 th O f D ec em b er 1 86 6 an d w as , ,

r eall y o f th e f em al e sex a C ath o l i c u nm arri e d an d th at she was

, , ,

eng ag e d as a j o u r n al is t an d au th or u nd er th e n am e o f C oun t

S andor V .

From an au t ob iograp h y w ri tt en b y th i s m an w om an the -

f o ll o w i n g fact s h av e b een asc ert ain ed an d are c on fi rm ed b y ,

in form at ion from o th er sour c es :

S he b el ongs t o an an c i en t aris t o c r at i c an d h i ghl y re sp e ct
, ,

abl e H ung ari an fami l y wh i ch h as alw ays b e en r em ark abl e f or

e cc en t ri c i t y . A s i st er o f her m at ern al grandmo th er was h ys t er

i c al and som n amb u l is t i c and on acc oun t o f an im agin ary p ar al
,

y si s k e p t h e r b e d f or s ev en t e en y e ars A no th e r gr e at a un. t l ay
-

i n b ed f or s ev en y ears on acc ou n t o f an im agin ary f at al i ll n ess ,

b u t at the s am e t im e gav e b all s A th ird had th e id ea th at a

c onso l e in h er draw ing room w as b ew i tch ed I f an yone p l ac ed
-
.

any th ing o n th is c onso l e sh e b ec am e ex t r em el y e x c i t ed c all e d ,

“
ou t B ew i tch ed b ew i tch ed an d h ast en ed w i th the ob j ect in t o
, ,
”

a room wh i ch sh e c all ed th e B l ack Ch am b e r th e k ey o f wh i ch ,

she n ev er all o w ed t o
g o in t o anyon e el s e s h ands A ft er the
’
.

( 2 5 8 )
 CO UN T E S S S AR O LT A V .

d eath O f
th is l ady a c o ll ect ion O f sh awl s orn am en t s b an k no t es , ,
-
,

et c.
,w as f ound in th e B l ack Ch am b e r A f ourth gr eat au nt for .
-

tw o years w o u l d no t all o w h er room t o be cl eane d an d w o u l d n ot ,

w as h o r c om b h ers elf ; at th e en d O f the tw o y ears s he again

mad e her app earan c e A ll th es e l adi es wer e h o we v er i nt el
.
, ,

l ect u al c u lt i v at ed an d ami abl e

, ,
.

’
S arol ta s mo th er w as n er v o u s an d c o u l d n ot b ear th e moon ,

sh in e .

H er fath er s fami l y w ere g en e rall y r eg ard ed as rath er c r ack

’

b rain ed O n e l in e o f the fami l y o cc u pi e d i t s elf al mos t ex cl u

.

si v e ly w i th spiri t u al ism T w o bl ood r el at io n s on the fath er s ’

-
.

sid e sh o t th ems elv e s T h e m aj ori t y o f th e m en are extraor

.

d i n ari l y t al en t ed T h e w om en are v ery h om e ly an d c ommon

.

p l ac e p eop le S arol ta s fath er o cc u pi ed a h igh p os t wh i ch h ow

.
’
, ,

e v e r h e h ad t o gi v e up on acc o u n t O f h is e cc en t ri c i t y an d sp end
,

th ri ft h ab i t s .

I t was a wh im o f the fath er s t o ed u c at e S aro lt a as a b oy ’

,

t o t each h er t o rid e dri v e an d h u n t ; h e adm ir e d h er m as

, ,

c u l in e e n e rgy an d c al l e d h er S an dor O n th e o th e r h an d h e
,
.
,

e d u c at e d h i s tw o s o n s as gir l s an d u t th e m i n w o m an s cl o th i n g
’
p
u
p t o t h e a
g e o f fift ee n .

S aro lt a S an dor r emaine d u n d e r th e i n fl u en c e o f h er fath er

-

u n t i l h er tw elfth y ear wh e n sh e w en t t o h e r e cc en t ri c m at e r n al
,

gran dmo th er at D r esd en an d w as b y h er wh en th is fict i t io u s

, ,

m an l i n ess b ec am e t oo o bt ru si v e se n t t o a b o arding s ch oo l an d ,
-

dres sed as a gir l A t the age of th irt ee n she w en t away w i th an

.

E ngl ish girl w i th wh om she form ed a l o v e rel at ionsh ip an d

,
-

d ecl ared th at sh e w as a b oy S aro lt a r et urn ed t o h er mo th e r .

,

wh o h o w ev er c o u l d no t m ak e ou t h o w i t was th at her d aught er

, ,

had agai n b ec om e S andor w ore b oy s cl o th es an d at le as t o n c e

’
, ,

e v ery y ear p l ay e d at l o v e r el at ions h ips w i th p ers o n s o f h er o w n

-

sex . A t the sam e t im e sh e was rec ei v ing a c arefu l e d u c at ion ,

l ear ned t o sp eak b esid es H u n gari an an d G erm an Fr en ch Eng

, , ,

l i sh an d t o som e ext en t It al i an m ad e l o ng j o u rn eys w i th he r

, ,

fath er in E ngl and an d Fran c e o f c ou rse alw ays as a young m an ; , ,

em an c ip at e d h ers elf ear l y v isi t ed c afés an d ev en p l ac es o f doubt

,

f ul r epu tat ion and b o ast ed th at o n e d ay in a b ro the l she h ad a

,
260 A P P END I X E .

girl s eat ed on each k n ee S aro lt a was O ft en i nt oxi c at ed ; she

.

w as a p assion at e l o v e r o f m an l y spo rts an d a v ery s ki llful f en c er , .

S h e f elt h ers elf ve ry att r act ed t o act r e ss es or o th er i n d ep end en t

ladi es wh o w er e no t alw ays v ery you n g an d t o wh om she gave
, ,

pr es en t s and b ou q u et s S h e d ecl ares sh e h as n ev er f elt any i n

.

c l i nat i o n t o a m an an d f rom ye ar t o y ear has f elt a gro w ing dis

,

l i k e f or m en “
I preferred t o go i n t o the so c i et y O f w om en in
.

th e c omp an y o f p l ain i n sig n i fic ant m e n so th at I might no t b e ,

l eft i n the sh ad e I f I o bs er v e d th at o ne of th em arou sed sym

.

p athy in the l adie s I b ec am e j eal o u s I pr ef erred in t ell ect ual .

t o p hysi c ally b e au t i f u l w om e n b u t I c ou l d no t s t an d th os e wh o
,

w e r e c o ars e or for w ard I l i k e d a w om an s p assio n t o b e re

.
’

v e al e d be n e ath a po e t i c v ei l ; any th ing immod e s t i n a w om an

w as disg u s t i n g t o m e I h ad an u n sp e ak abl e disl i k e t o fe m al e
.

cl o th i ng an d t o e v e ry th i ng e l s e O f a fe m al e ch aract e r b u t o n ly ,

in mys elf f or I w as an e n th u si as t i c l o v e r o f th e fair s e x

,
.
”

For abo u t ten y ears S aro lt a has l i v e d al mos t c o n s t an tly as

a m an an d aw ay f r o m h e r r e l at i ve s S h e has form ed a n u m b er .

O f li a is on s w i th w om en t r av el e d w i th th em s p en t m u c h mon ey
, , ,

an d go t in t o d ebt .

A t the sam e t im e she d isp l ay ed l it erary act iv i t y an d was ,

a v al u e d c on t ri bu t or t o tw o h igh class j o u rn al s in V i en n a o n e
-

o f S emi t i c the o the r o f ant i S emi t i c t en d en c y

,
-

,
.

H er p assion f or w om en w as v ery v ari abl e S h e n ev er .

s h o w e d c o n st an c y O f l o v e O n ly on c e a r el at ionsh ip l ast ed f or
.

th r ee years T h is w as at S chl o s s Gyon S aro lt a h er e m ad e ac

. .

qu aint an ce w ith E mm a E te n y ears O l d er th an h ers elf S h e fell

.
,
.

in l o v e w i th th is l ady m ad e a m arri age c o n t ract w i th her an d

, ,

l i v e d w i th h er th r ee y ears as m an an d w i f e in P e s th .

A n ew l o v e wh i ch was t o b e fat efu l f or S aro lt a c aus ed h er

, ,
“
t o di sso l v e h er m arri ag e w i th E T he l att e r did no t w is h t o
”
.

l eav e her I t w as o n l y w i th d i fli c u l ty th at S aro lta b ought her

.

fr eedom from E wh o i t app ears st i ll c onsid ers h erself a

.
, , ,

di v orc ed w o m an an d c all s h ers elf C o u n t ess V T h at S aro lt a

,
.

w as al so abl e t o c all o u t p assion in o th er w om en appe ars f rom

the fact th at b e for e th e m arri ag e w i th E sh e had b ec om e t ired .

of a c er t ain F raii l ei n D aft er h av ing squ and er ed mu ch m on ey

.
,
 CO UN T E S S S AR O LT A v . 26 1

w i th her an d Fr au l ei n D h ad th re at en ed t o sh oo t h er i f sh e
, .

did no t r em ain t ru e .

I n the summ er o f 1887 wh i l e st ayi ng at a w at ering p l ac e

,
-
,

S aro lt a b ec am e ac qu ain t ed w i th th e fami ly o f a r es pe ct abl e offi

c i al
. S h e at on c e fell in l o v e w i th th e daug ht er M ari e and her , ,

l o v e w as ret urn ed Th e l att er s mo th er an d c ousi n t ri ed t o

.
’

th ro w h indran c es i n the w ay o f an engag em ent b u t i n v ain ,

.

T he tw o l o ver s c arri ed o n an ard en t c orr espo n d en c e th ro u gh ou t

the w in t er Wh en a fri en d sou ght t o diss u ad e Mari e from m ar
.

ri age ,
sayi n g that S an dor was no t abl e t o marry sh e d eclar ed ,

th at i f sh e c o u l d no t m arry sh e w o u l d be h is m aid s erv an t I n -

.

A pri l 1 888 C o u n t S an dor c am e on a v isit wh en th e l o v ers O n

, , ,

s ev eral o ccas ions s l ep t t oge th er an d in May 1889 S aro lt a , , ,

r each ed the go al o f h er d esires and Mari e wh o in the m ean wh i le , ,

had gi v en u p the posi t io n sh e o cc u pi ed as t each er in the pr es ,

en c e O f a f r i e n d o f he r b e l o v ed S an dor w as m arri ed i n a sum ,

m er h o u s e i n H u ngary b y a pr et end ed pri es t a yo u n g m an i n a

-

ch oir s u rp l i c e S aro lt a had go t u p the m arri ag e w i th h er fri end

-
. .

The p air l i ved t og eth er v ery h appi l y Mari e be ing qui t e ig n orant ,

o f c o nj u gal du t i es an d i f i t had no t b een for the i n form at ion

,

gi v en b y th e fath er i n law th is app ar en t m arri age m i ght h av e

- -

l ast e d f or an ind efi n i t e p eriod I t i s re m ark abl e th at d u ri n g the

.

t o l er ably l ong eng ag em en t S aro lt a w as abl e t o d ec ei ve her b rid e s ’

fami ly c omp l et el y r egard i ng her sex .

S aro lt a w as a p assio n at e sm oke r an d h ad a th oro u ghl y m as ,

c u l in e c arri ag e an d h ab i t s H er l ett ers w er e alw ay s address ed t o

.

C o u n t S an dor an d sh e o ft en O b serv ed th at she w o u l d soo n b e

,

“
c all ed t o mi l i t ary d u t i e s S h ort ly b ef o re the marri age she
.
”

w ro t e tw o p amp hl et s on e o n th e l and q u e st io n i n H u ngary the

, ,

o th er on the au t onomy o f the C ath o l i c Ch u r ch

,
.

From th e in f orm at io n gi v en b y the fath er i n l aw i t app ears - -

,

th at S aro lt a ( as she aft erw ard c on fe ss ed ) u s ed t o s tu ff h and

k er ch i efs or g l o v e s i nt o h er t ro u s er s p o ck et s t o pro d u c e th e ap ’

ran c e o f s ex u al org an s T h f th r i n l w l o n c b s r v d
p e a e a e a a s o e O e e - -
.

som e th ing l i k e an e r e ct m emb er i n h i s f u t u r e so n i n l aw wh o - -

,

al so l et fall t he re m ar k t h at in r i di n g h e had t o w ear a s u s p e n sory

b and age As a m att er o f fact S aro lt a w or e a b an d ag e rou n d

.
,
262 A P P END I X E .

her b ody t o s u ppor t an art i fic i al organ Mari e s fami ly f rs .

’

qu en tl y O bs erv ed S andor d u ri ng walk s ret ire up t o a t re e ap ,

p a re n t l y f or th e purpo s e o f u rin a t ing l i k e a m an ; in th e pri v y

s h e c o n t ri v e d t o w e t t h e b ack o f th e seat an d f or th is w as ,

s c o l d ed b y the mo th er i n l aw A lth ough S aro lt a freque n tly

- -
.

s h av ed f or app earan c e sak e th e p eop l e at the h o t el w er e c on

,

v i n c ed sh e w as a w om an b e c au se th e ch am b e r m ai d h ad f o u n d -

t rac es o f m en s t r u al b l ood on the w ash i ng ( S aro lt a exp l ai n ed th is

as d u e t o pi l e s ) ,an d on c e wh e n S aro l t a was tak i n g a bath the

m aid l oo k e d th ro u gh the k ey h o l e an d c on vin c ed he rself th at

-

S aro lt a was a w oman .

C on c ern i n g S aro l ta s in t e ll e ct u al indi v idu al i t y a l arge n u m

’

b er O f m an u s c rip t s gi v e u s i n f orm at ion T he h an d w ri t i n g is

.

fi rm an d assur ed ; i t has a genu i nely m as c u l i ne ch aract er T he .

—
c on t en t s eve ry wh er e c o n t ai n th e sam e ch aract erist i c s w i l d n u ,

r es t rain ed p assi o n h at red an d opposi t ion t o ev ery th i ng wh i ch

,

o ppo se s i t s elf t o h eart s th irs t i ng f o r l o v e an d i ts r etu rn a po e t ,

i c al l o v e in wh i ch th er e w as n o t rac e o f any th i n g igno bl e bu t ,

en th us i asm f or eve ry th ing f air and l o v e l y t og eth e r w i th an i n ,

tell i gent p er c ep t ion O f s c i en c e an d th e fin e art s H er w ri t i n gs .

b et ray u n u s u all y w id e r eadi n g i n the classi c s o f all lang u ag es .

Evid en c e has b een c alle d t o Sh o w th at h er l i t erary prod u ct ions

are no t insig n i fic an t .

Th e l ett ers an d w ri t ings c on c e rni n g th e r el at io nsh ip t o

Mari e are p sy ch o l ogi c all y in t er es t i n g S aro lt a sp eak s O f the bl iss
.

sh e had exp erie n c ed at M ari e s si d e an d o f th e b ound l ess d e sir e

’
,

sh e h ad t o see th e ador ed w om an ag ai n i f on l y f or a mom en t ,

.

A ft er the o u t rage t o wh i ch she had b een s u b j ect ed she on l y ,

w ish ed n ow t o ex ch an ge the c ell f or the grav e T he b i tt eres t .

p ai n w as the c o n s c i ousn ess t hat n ow M ari e al so m u s t h at e h er .

H o t t ears so m any th at sh e c o u l d dro w n h ers elf in th em had

, ,

sh e w ep t o v e r h er l os t h appi n ess Wh o l e p ag es w ere c o n c erned

.

w i th the apo th eosis o f th is aff ect ion an d w i th rec o ll ect ions o f

th e d ays o f ear l y l o v e an d ac qu ai n t an c e S aro lt a mo u rns o v er
.

her h eart wh i ch w i ll not be dom i n at e d b y r eason

, T h en agai n .
, ,

sh e b r eak s ou t in t o m ad p assion an d d e cl ar e s sh e c an no t l i v e
,

w i th ou t M ari e .
 CO UN T E SS S ARO LT A v . 26 3

T hetones o f you r dear l ovely v oi ce a v oi ce wh i ch might even m ake

, ,

m e rise f rom m y gra ve h a ve a l w ay s b een t o m e a p romi se o f P a radi se

,
.

Y o u r m ere pre se n ce w a s e no u gh t o s ooth e my p h y s i c al an d m o ra l gri e fs .

It w as a m ag net i c strea m a p e cu l ia r pow e r wh i ch you r be ing e xer ci se d

,

ov er mi ne a nd wh i ch I h ave neve r bee n qu i te able t o d e fine t o my self

,
.

S o I h a v e t o c o nt en t my se lf w i th t h e ev er l as ti ng l y t r u e de fi ni tio n I :

lo ve yo u becau se I l o ve you I n t he co m fortless night I had onl y one .

sta r , t h e sta r o f Marie s l o v e —

T he s ta r i s n o w gone ou t th ere i s n o w
’
.

onl y t he reflect i on o f i t the s wee t m elanch oly rec olle ction wh i ch lighte ns
, ,

u p t he t e rri bl e ni g ht o f d e a th w i th a p a l e g l imm e r o f h ope .

S he b r eak s ou t ag ai n in t o th is app eal

tle men w i se la w ye rs and m e di cal pa th o l ogi s ts j u dge m e ! E ve ry
G en , , ,

s te p th a t I t o o k w as l ed b y l o ve e ac h o f my a ct s w a s c au se d b y l o v e
: .

G od p u t i t i n to m y h ea rt If H e crea te d m e so and no t ot h e rw ise am I

.
, ,

gu i lty or i s i t t he everlas ting and u n fa th oma ble w ay s o f fate ? I h a ve

,

t ru sted i n G o d tha t o ne d ay redemp tion w ou ld com e for my fa u lt w a s ,

o nl y love i ts elf wh i ch i s t he prin c ip le a nd fo u nd a tion o f H i s l a w s— H i s

v e ry k i ngd o m i ts e lf ! 0 G od ! T h o u m e r c i f u l a n d a l l p o w e r fu l T h o u -

see s t my t orm e n t T h o u k n o w e s t wh a t I su ff e r
, Be nd t o m e and rea ch t o .

m e T h y h el pi ng h a nd no w th a t al l t he w or l d has forsa k en m e O n l y G od .

i s j u st H o w beau ti fu lly V i cto r Hu go descri bes t h i s i n hi s L eg end s d es

.

S i éc l es !

A lth o u gh S aro lt a k n ew th at n on e o f h er w ri t ings reach ed

her b el o v e d she was n ev er w eary o f p e nn i ng l o n g o u tb urs t s o f
,
’
ado rat ion o f M ari e s p e rso n f u ll o f th e j oy an d p ain o f l o v e , ,

in order t o beg for one b right glea mi ng tea r w ep t on a s ti ll b right , ,

s u mm e r e v en i ng wh en t h e se a gl o w s i n t h e e v e ni ng l ight l i k e m o lt en g o l d
, ,

a nd t he b e ll s mi ngl ing i n h a rm o nio u s m el an ch ol y pro cl a im re s t a nd

, ,

a e —
p c for th i s poo r sou l for th i s poor h ea rt ! tha t to i t s las t b re ath i s
e ,

bea ti ng f or thee .
”

Th e
fi rs t m eet i ng b etw een the do ct ors an d S aro lt a was in
som e d egr ee em b arrass i n g on b o th sid es for th e fi rs t on acc ou n t ,

o f S aro l ta s p erh aps som ewh at f orc ed m as c u l in e airs f or her b e

’
,

c au se she th o u ght t hat she w as ab o u t t o r ec ei v e the b rand o f

m o ral in san i t y S he posse ss es an i nt ell igent n ot u nb eau t i fu l
.
,

fac e wh i ch i n spi t e o f a c er t ai n d el i c ac y o f feat u re an d sm all n ess

, ,

o f all the p ar t s has a v ery d e c i d e d m asc u l in e c har act er I t was

, .

di ffi c ult f or th e do ct ors t o real iz e i n spi t e o f the prese n c e o f ,

264 AP P E N D I X E .

f em al e c l o th ing th at th ey h ad a w om an b efor e th em i n t er c ourse

, ,

w i th the m an S andor s eeming mu ch more n at u r al T h e acc used .

al so fe lt th is . S he b ec am e more fr ee and c ommuni c at i v e as soon

as sh e w as t r eat ed as a m an .

N otw i th s tandi n g the in cl i n ation t o ward the fem al e sex ,

wh i ch sh e had sh o w n f rom her ear l i est y ears i t was o n ly in her ,

th irt een th y ear wh en she ran aw ay w i th the red h air ed E ngl is h

,
-

girl from th e D resd en inst i t ut e th at the fi rs t t rac es o f the sexual

,

inst in ct app ear ed an d m ani fest ed th emselv es in k isses c ar ess es

, , ,

an d c o n t act acc omp ani ed b y v o l u p t uous emo t ions Ev en at th is .

t im e h er dreams w er e e x cl usi v el y c on c erne d w i th fem al e f orms ,

an d the n an d ev er sin c e in ero t i c dr eams sh e alw ays f e lt h ers elf

in th e si tu at ion o f a m an S h e k n ew n o th ing o f so l i t ary or

.

mut u al mas t urb at ion T h is app eared t o her v ery di sgu st ing an d
.

unw or thy o f mas c u l i n e digni ty S he has n ev er all o w e d anyon e

.

t o t ou ch h er g eni t al organs p ar tl y f or th is reason p ar tly b ec aus e

, ,

i t w ou l d h av e r eve al ed her great s ec ret T h e m ens es fi rs t ap .

p e a red a t th e ag e o f s e v en t e en b u t,
w e r e alw ays s l ig ht i n amoun t
an d W i th ou t p ain . S aro lt a v isi bl y d et es t s the m ent ion o f m en
stru al p h e nom en a as r epu l si ve t o h er m as c u l in e c ons c iousn ess

an d f eel ings . Sh e r ec ogniz es th e morb idi ty o f h er s ex u al i n

c l i n ati o ns b u t do es n o t w is h t o b e di ff er en t b ec aus e w i th th es e
, ,

emo t ions she f eel s h e rs elf p e r fectl y well and h appy .

T he id ea o f s ex u al in t er c ourse w i th m en is disgus t ing t o

!

h er an d sh e reg ards i t as impo ssi bl e

,
H er mod est y go es so f ar
.

th at i t is easi er for her t o s l eep w i th m en th an w i th w ome n For .

th is r eason wh en sh e w is h es t o s at is fy a n eed or t o ch ang e h er ,

l in en she b egs h er c ell c omp an ion t o t u rn to the W indo w so

, ,

th at she m ay no t see h er Wh en S aro lt a b y ch an c e c am e in cl ose

.

c on t act w i th th is c ell c omp an io n a w om an b el onging t o the

,

dregs o f th e p eop l e she e xp eri en c ed v o l u p t u o u s ex c i t em en t at

,

wh i ch she bl ush ed S h e t ell s u n ask ed o f the misery sh e felt on

.

b eing p l ac ed in the c ell in u n acc u st om ed fem al e garm en t s H er .

on l y c o n so l at ion was th at she h ad at l eas t b een l eft her sh irt .

S me ll p l ays a c o n sid erabl e p ar t in h er s exu al l i fe an d she ,

m en t ion ed th at on th e o cc asion o f an ab sen c e o f h er Mari e sh e

’
sou ght ou t and sm ell e d th os e p art s o f th e so fa on wh i ch M ari e s
 CO UN T E S S S ARO LT A v . 2 65

h ead had b een acc us t om ed t o l i e in ord er t o inh al e w i th del ight ,

the arom a l eft b y th e h air T h e w om en wh o in t er es t ed S aro lt a

.

w er e no t ex actly b eau t i fu l or v o l up t u o u s or v ery young S he , , .

alw ays p l ac e s th e p h ysi c al ch arms o f a w om an in th e s ec ond

“
ran k She feel s h ers elf draw n w i th a magn et i c att ract ion t o
.
”

w om en o f ab ou t tw en t y f o u r t o th ir t y H er s exual s at is fact io n
-
.

she fi nds ex cl u si v el y i n the b ody o f h er f ri end n ev er in h er o w n ,

b ody us u ally in th e form o f m ast u rb at ion o f the b el o v ed w om an

, ,

or el s e o f cu n ni li ngu s O cc asion all y sh e us es a st o ck ing s t u ff ed

.

w ith t o w as a pri apu s S aro lt a m ad e th es e c on fess ions u n w i ll

.

i n g ly and w i th v isi bl e s h am e ; in h er w ri t i n gs al so th er e are

, , ,

n eve r any signs o f im m od es ty S h e is r el igio u s t ak es a l i v el y .

,

in t eres t in ev ery th ing fair and no bl e an d is v ery s ensi t i v e t o ,

the moral appr ec i at ion o f o th ers S h e d eep l y r egret s th at she .

has m ad e M ari e u n h appy i n he r p assion S he regards her s ex u al .

inst in ct as p erv erse an d su ch l o v e o f on e w om an t o ano th er in

,

n orm al p eop l e as mor all y o b j ect ion abl e S he is no t on l y h ighl y .

t al en t ed in l i t erary resp ect s b u t possesses a re m ar kabl e m emory ,

.

H er o n l y w eak n es s is c apri c iousn e ss an d th e impossi b i l i ty o f ,

b eh av ing s ensi bly ab o u t mon ey S he is h o w ev er c ons c io u s o f .

, ,

th is w eak n ess an d be gs th at n o th i n g more b e said o f i t

, .

S aro lt a is 1 5 3 c in h ei gh t the b o n y sys t em is d el i c at e ;

.
,
,

she is s l end er an d r em ark abl y m u s c u l ar in the ch es t an d

,

th igh s H er w alk in w om an s cl o th ing is awkw ard ; her mo v e

.
’

m en t s are en erge t i c no t unb eau t i fu l al th o u gh w i th a c ert ain

, ,

m as c u l i n e rigidi ty an d l ack o f grac e S he gr eet s you w i th a .

h earty h andsh ak e H er w h o l e b earing is d ec id ed s t i ff som e

.
, ,

wh at s elf c on sc io u s H er expre ss i on is int ell igen t her b earing

-
.
,
’
rath er grav e F eet an d h ands are s t ri k ingl y sm all l i ke a ch i l d s
.
1
,
.

T h e ex t en sor sid e o f the ex t r emi t i es is rem ark abl y c o v e red w i t h

h air alth o u gh th ere is n ot the s l ight est t rac e o f a b eard in
, ,

1
pers ona l appe arance i t m ay be sa id w a s th u s b rie fly su mm ed
H er , ,

u p by a n i n te r v ie w e r : T h e c o u ntes s i s o f m i ddl e h e ight w i th a good

“
,

chest hea vy sh o u lder s a nd w ell d ev el ope d a rm s and legs S he has sh ort

, ,
-
.
,

cu rly da rk h air h azel e yes a sau cy no se and a Cu pid s b ow mou th

, , ,
’
.

Alth ou gh t he l i nes o f her fa ce h a v e be en s om ewh a t dee pe ned and h a rdened

b y her fast l i fe she st i ll l oo k s l ike a h a nd s om e dash i ng you ng fell o w o f
, ,

twe nty y ea rs .
”
26 6 A P P END I X E .

spi t e o f al l eff ort s w i th the r azor The b ody is no t at all o f .

feminin e b ui l d an d th er e is no w ai s t T he p elv is is so s l end er

,
.

an d so l i ttl e promin en t th at a l i ne d r aw n f rom the armpi t t o

the k n ee is s t raight no t draw n in at the w ais t nor proj ect ing

,

at th e h ips . T he s k u ll is s l ightl y oxy c ep h al i c an d at l eas t 1 ,

c m b el o w the fem al e av erage T he c ir c u m fere n c e o f th e s ku ll

. .

amo u n t s to 5 2 ; t h e pos t erior c irc u m fe r en c e is 2 4 st ar t ing from ,

the ear . T he p ari et al is 2 3 th e f ron t al ,

l ong di am e t er 1 7 ,

gre at es t b r ead th 1 3 dis t an c e b etw een audi t ory m eat u s 1 2 be

, ,

tw een m al ar pro c ess es c m T he upp er j aw proj ect s ; posi

.

t ion o f t eeth no t qui t e norm al ; the rig ht upp er c anin e has

n ev er d ev el o pe d Th e mou th is r em ark ably sm all ; the ears
.

s tand ou t ; th e l o b ul e is ad h eren t t o the cheek T he h ard .

p al at e is sm all an d s t eep ; th e v oi c e is ro u g h an d de ep T he .

b reas t s are su ffic i en tly d ev el op ed so ft w ith ou t s ec ret ion T he

, , .

mons v en eris is c o v er ed b y th i ck d ar k h air T he s exual organs .

are o f c omp l e t el y f eminin e t yp e w i th o u t any t r ac e o f h e rm ap h

,

rod i ti c p h enom en a b u t th ey h av e r em ain e d at th e sam e in f an t i l e

,

s t age as th os e o f a gir l o f ten T he l ab i a maj ora m eet al mos t

.

c omp l et el y ; the l ab i a minora are o f c o ck s c o m b sh ap e an d pro

j ec t b e yond th e gr eat e r l ips T h e .cl i t oris is sm all an d v e ry s e n

s i ti v e . T h e fr enu l u m is d el i c ate th e p e rin eum v ery sm all th e

, ,

en t ran c e t o th e v ag in a n arro w an d th e mu c ous m e m b ran e nor

,

m al . T he h ym en is ab s en t app ar en tl y from b i rth ; the r e are no

,

c ar u n c u l ae myr t i form es T he v agin a is so narro w that the en

.

t ran c e o f the m em bru m vi ri le w o u l d b e impossibl e or at l eas t , , ,

ex t r em el y p ain f u l . C oi t us h as c ert ain l y no t t ak en p l ac e T he .

u te ru s w as felt th rough the r ect um ab o u t the s iz e o f a wal nu t ,

immo vabl e and retrofiec ted .

T h e p elv is is sm all in al l dir ect ions ( d w ar f p e lv is ) an d is o f ,

d ec id ed l y m as c ul i n e typ e T he di st an c e b etw een th e an t erior

.

s pinou s pro c e ss e s is ( ins t e a d o f b etw e e n i l i ac c r e s t s

in t d o f t ro ch n t r h x t ern al c on
( s e a a e s t e e

j u gat e is ( 1 9 so t h e in t e rn al is pro b abl y

On acc oun t o f the d efect i v e b read th o f th e pe lv is th e th igh s are ,

no t c on v ergent as is n orm all y the c as e in w om en b u t s t raight

, ,
.

Th is ex amin at io n in th e opi n io n o f the exp er t s c onsult ed

, ,
 CO UN T E S S S AR O LT A v . 26 7

r ev eal ed in S aro lt a a c ongeni t al morb id p er v ersion o f the sexual

i n st in ct expr essi n g i t s elf ev en in anom al ie s o f p hysi c al d ev el op
,

m en t on a f o u n d at ion o f h er edi tary d egen erat io n ; an d th ey h el d

,

th at the in c rimin at ed act ions o f S aro lt a w e re d u e t o her morb id '

an d irr e sis t i bl e se xu al impu l s e I n so f ar h e r o w n expr ession

.
,

is fu ll y j u s t i fi e d : I f God so c r e at ed m e an d n o t o th e rw is e i s
“
, ,
”
i t my fau lt ?
Th is v i ew o f th e c ase w as t ak en b y th e c ourt T he C oun t .

as the n ew sp ap ers c alle d h er r et urn ed t o

’ ”
ess in M en s Cl o th e s , ,

“
th e c api t al o f her o w n c o u n t ry an d ag ain b or e h ers elf as C ou n t
,

S andor S he had so w n her w i l d o at s sh e s aid an d h ad s u f

”
.
, ,

f ered f or i t . H er on l y gri e f is th e l oss o f th e h appi ne ss she

e nj oy e d w i th her ard e n tl y l o v e d M ari e wh om she dreams o f
,

ev e ry night .Th e l att er i t m ay b e add ed re t ai n s h er l o v e f or

, ,

th e c oun t ess wh om sh e c all s th e grand es t o f w om en an d sh e

, ,

l ongs t o b e her c omp anion th ro u gh l i fe .

 I NDE X OF A U T H O R S .

Arios to 119 , . G a lt o n173 , .

Ari s to tle 5 , , 29 . G a n d av o , 122 .

G auti re , 119 .

Ba i lly Ma i t re -
, 3 . G ly
e , 183 .

Ba llan ty ne 84 , . G od rd
a ,
44 , 12 3 .

Ba lz a c 17 1 19 , , .

Ba r te ls 122 144 , , . H a ddo

n, C , 5 A . . .

Ba u m a n n 1 1 1 2 3 , ,
. h
H a n, 5 .

Bea rdmo re 5 , . H a mm d
on , 4 1 .

B es e nv a l , 2 11 . H a mon, 14 .

i t
B n e , 18 1 . H a rri i t
s L s o n , 14 4
-
.

B i rnb a c h e r , 14 0 . o h
H c e , 46 .

l l r
B e u e , 187 . li
E 6 se , 3 3 .

ch rd
Bo u a , 17 , 44 . ld r
H o e , 9, 122 .

B oss e , 14
r i r . H o lm b rg
e ,
9 .

ch
Bu a na n , 124 .

J a c o b s , 12 2
'

B u fl on, 2 . .

Bu r to
n, 4, 27 . Jii g er, 17 4 .

J a mes , 4 8 .

C mpa ne lla 4 4
a , . J a s tro w , 17 7 .

C a rl i e r 1 17 , ,
. Ju sti , 2 1 .

Carpe nte r E 4 2 194 202 ,

.
, , , .

Casan ova 125 194 , ,

. K a rs c b , 3 .

C a s pe r 3 3 ,
. K i e rna n, 4 1, 120, 145 , 14 7 , 1 74 , 185
Cha ddoc k 36 ,
. 197 .

C h e v a l i e r 2 16 40 148 17 7 , , , , , ,
K oc h e r, 123 , 14 8, 170 .

C ael i u s A u re l i a n u s 29 K ra fit E b i ng , 1 7 , 3 6 , 50 , 153 , 16 1, 17 1
'
-
.
,

C o rre 123 ,
. 18 1 , 185 , 186 , 189, 196 , 2 14 .

Cro w Marth a 196, ,

. K u rell a 189 .

D a n e , 17 t . c
L a a s sag ne, 2, 35 .

D e s c av es , 14 . L a nc a st er, E G , 2 56 . . .

D e ss o i r , 4 7 L a ng sd orfi , 8
'

. .

D i a z, B , 9 . . L as n et , 10 .

D ide ro , 1 19 t . L a u p ts , 4 0, 17 6 .

D o s t o i e fi s k y , 17
'

. t
L au ren , 17 0 .

h
D u ren, 129 . L ay o c ck , 127 .

L e g l u d i c , 35 , 2 14 .

E c k h o u d , 20 . L e p p m a n n , 15 7 .

ll
E i s , H , 4 6 , 122 , 12 8, 16 3 , 17 7 , 194
. . L e ta m e n d i , 185 .

l
E nge m a n n , 120 . L i s i an sk y , 8 .

L o m a c c o , 122 .

F éré , 4 1, 50, 159, 16 5 , 18 1, 186 , 195 , b

L om ros o , 35, 150 .

20 1 . L orio n , 124 , 170 .

F e rre ro , 150 . L y d s to n, 4 1 , 159, 185 .

F l a to u , 144 .

l
F o u rn o y , 187 . Ma c dona ld A , .
, 120 .

l
F o ey, 5 . Mag nan 183 , .
270 I NDEX .

Ma n tegaz z a 17 ,
. c l
R e n u re , 10 .

Ma r ch es i n i 4 8 13 1 24 3 et , , ,
s eq . b t
R i o , 186 .

Mar ro 4 6 189 , ,
. tt
R i i , 35 .

Ma r t i u s 9 , . R od e , L e o n d e, 2 10 .

Ma tign o n 7 124 , ,
. Ro wl
e y , 14 0 .

Me ige 1 7 1 ,
. th f
R u e r o rd , 4 .

Mey ne r t 182 ,
.

Midd leto n 14 0 , . t l
S a i n P a u , 2 07 .

Mo erenh o u t 122 ,
. Sa in e t Cl a ir e D e v i e , 2
-
ll .

M oll 2 3 16 2 1 29 3 5
, , , , , , , 38, 4 8, 50 , l ll
S a i a s , 125 .

v
S a a ge , 3 3 .

1 7 4 , 181 , 183 , 185 , 189 , 19 1 , 19 5 , 197 , S c h e ffl e r , 19 .

20 1 . S c h re n c k N o t zi ng , 15 7 ,
-

Mo n d iere , 7 . 19 7 , 20 1 .

M n ta n e 1 18
o ig , . c tt C l
S o , o i n , 16 5 .

M ora ch e 7 , . t
S ei z, 2 .

Mo rea u 4 3 , ,
16 1 . l
S e igm a n n 1 1 , .

M orel 188 ,
. é
S ri e u x , 35 .

Mu c c io l i ,
3 . S ymo n d s , 18, 19, 24 .

M ulle r F ,
. C .
, 1 18 .

T a lb ot 107 ,
.

Na ck e , 16 5 1 82 , 189 ,
. T a m a ss i a , 3 5 .

N i c e f o ro , 12 7 . T a rde , 4 4 .

Ni ckl i n, 22 . T a rdi eu , 17 7 .

C
N orm a n , o n o y , 3 5 , 4 8, 16 1 ll . T a rno w sk y , 15 , 36 .

N u m a P rae o ri u s, 19, 207 t . ll

Ti y , 12 1 .

O bi ci ,
48, 13 1, 24 3 et s eq . U lri ch s ,
14 , 33 , 1 7 7 , 185 , 225 ci seq .

P a r e n t D u c h a te l e t
-
,
14 8 . V irch o w ,
187 .

P ari s h 187 ,
.

P arl agrec o , 19 . We s tph a l 32 17 9 , , .

P a u th i e r, 7 . W ey H D 16 17 0
,
. .
, ,
.

t
P e n a , 18 1 . W a lt 202 ,
.

l t
P a o , 229 . 1V i l s on J M 4 6 194 . . .
, ,
.

P 10 8 8 , 122 . W i s e 14 1 ,
.

R a ff a l o v i c h , 14 , 17 , 2 1 , 22 , 42 , 15 5 , 196 , Z ol a , 1 19 .

2 12 . Zu cca rell i ,
14 3 .
 I NDE X OF S U BJ EC TS .

A bn orma l i ti es ph ys i ca l 17 0 , ,
. Eg yp , t h o m ose x u al i ty i n 123 , .

Abnorm a l i ty and di s eas e di ff eren ce ,

E ng i s l h la w and h omosexu al i ty ,
209 .

be twee n 187 , . E ro i t c drea ms 165 , .

A cqu i re d i nv e rs io n 50 181 , ,
.

Afri ca h omose x u a l i ty i n 11
, ,
. F a ctori e s e tc h omos e x u a l ity a mong
,
.
,

A lba ni ans h o mose x u a l i ty a mong

, , 5 . w o men i n 127 128 129 , , , .

Aleu ts h omosex u a l i ty a mong 8

, ,
. F el l a ti o , 16 6 .

An im a l s h om ose x u a l i ty a mong
, ,
2 et F e mi ni ne ch a ra cteri sti cs o f i nv e rts ,

s eq . 16 6 .

Ant in ou s 16 ,
. F eti ch i s m eroti c , , 18 1 .

Ara bs h omose x u a l i ty a mo ng
, ,
12 3 , 14 8 . F ri th Ma ry 14 0
, , .

Artist i c a p ti tu d es o f i nv erts ,
17 3 .

Au t o ero ti s m 128
-
,
. G i
en u s, h omose xu al i ty among men of ,

17 .

Bac on L ord 2 3 , ,
. G e rm a n s ch oo ls and h omos e x u a l i ty ,

Ba l i h o mos e x u a l i ty
,
a mo ng w om en i n, 46 .

122 . G rm an y la w i n rela tion t o h o mo

e ,

Ba r l d 23
n fi e ,
. se x u a l i ty i n 208 , .

Bea rd e d w o m e n 144 , . G oe th e 24 , .

B la ck m a i l i ng 2 13 ,
. G ree c e h omose x u a l i ty i n 6 29
, , , .

Born eo h omo se x u a l i ty i n
, , 12 . G ree n a mo ng i n v e r ts pre fe re n ce for , ,

B oté the 9, , . 17 7 .

B ra zi l h om os ex u a l i ty i n
, , 9, 122 . G d a l u pe h omosex u a l i ty
ua , a mong
Bu rd ash , 9 . w o me n i n 1 2 3 ,
.

B yro n, 23 . G y nec om a s ty 1 7 0 , .

Ch a rks C h arl o tte 14 0

, ,
. Ha dria n 16 ,
.

Ch ina h o m os e x u a l i ty i n 6 124
, , ,
. Ha ir on b od y 17 1 , .

Cli to ri s i n i n ve rt e d w o m e n 14 1 14 5 , ,
. H e a lth o f i nv e rts ge ne ra l 15 4 , , .

Clo th es inve rte d w om en i n m en s 14 1

,
’
, H e re di ty i n i n v e r s ion 1 5 2 182 , , .

et s eq . H o ba r t Mi s s 14 7, , .

H om ose x u a l i ty defi n i tion o f term

“
C od e N ap o l eon , 207 .
,
”
,
-
c t
C o ed u a i o n , 194 . 1, 35 .

Color bl in dness compa red

-

,
to i nv ersion ,
H orr or f em i naz 164 ,
.

186 . Ho va s h omosex u al i ty a mo ng 10
, , .

Conge ni ta l i nver sio n 50 181 , ,

. Hype res th es ia o f inv er ts sex u a l 15 5 , ,
.

Creo les h omosexu a l i ty among 123

, ,
. Hypn o ti s m i n trea tm en t o f i nver ts ,

C rimi n a ls h omos ex u a l i ty a m o ng 16
, ,
. 195 , 198, 20 1 .

G u d i na s , 9 .

C u nni li ng us , 145 . I ndi a h omose xu al i ty

,
a mong w om en
i n , 124 .

De genera ion t an d i n ve rs ion 188 ,

. Indians h omose xu al i ty among Ameri
,

D i s e ase an d a b n orm a l i ty di ff e ren ce , c an , 9, 122 .

be tw ee n 187 ,
. In fa n tili m i n v e rt s 1 7 1
s in .
, .

D r a m a ti c a p ti tu d e and i nve rs ion ,

1 30 ,
“
Inversion defin it ion o f te rm 1 35 , , ,
.

17 4 . Ita l y h omosexu al i ty am o ng w om en
,

D rea m s , ero i , 16 5 tc . i n, 12 7 .

D u qu esno y , 20 . law reg ardi ng h omosex ua l i ty i n , 208 .

( 2 7 1 )
272 I NDEX .

J a me s I, 22 . h
S a pp i s m , 14 5 .

J u l i u s Caesa r, 16 . S a ri m ba v y , th e, 10 .

J u s ti n i a n s en a ct m e nt s, 207 lt C
S a ro a , V , o u n e ss , 14 0, 25 8 et seq t
’
. . .

S ch l h
oo s and omose x u a i y , 4 4 et seq , lt
K o ny ag as , h o m osexu a li ty a mong , 8 . 126 , 13 1, 190, 193 , 243 et s eq .

S c h o pan s , 8 .

L arynx in in vert ed wo me n 144 , . S e c a t ra, t h e, 10 .

L aw in re la tion t o h om ose x u a l i ty , c o d ry x l ch r ct r
Se n a se u a a a e s, 4 .

2 06 et s eq . Se u d ctio n an di v r io
n e s n , 16 1, 190 .

L i nc k e n , Cath e ri na ,
1 18 . S en e i l h mo x li ty
o se ua , 15 6 .

Se uax l pr c o i ty o f i v t
e c n e r s , 1 5 5 , 1 72 .

Ma dagas ca r h omosex u al i ty i n , ,
h k p r
S a es e a e , 22 .

Marl ow e 22 ,
. S od m
o a , 20.
.

Ma rri age o f i nve rt s 19 7 et s eq ,

. S o ldi r h omo x l i ty mo g
e s, se u a a n , 13 .

Ma s oc h i s m 105 , . t ic o
S o ad
”
rt o
Z ne , B u n s, 27
’
.

ini nv erte d w om en 14 5 ,
. S u o th Am ri c i v r io
e a, n e s n i n , 1 22 .

Mas t u rba t ion 128 16 1 , ,

. p i
S a n, h omo x l i ty mo g w om
se u a a n en
Mi ch e lange lo 19 ,
. i n, 125, 129 .

Mora l a tt i tu d e o f i nv er ts ,
17 8 . Su i c id
e a nd n e s n , 120 i v r io .

Mu r e t 1 8 , . Su gg t i
es on as an e n a u se x ci ti g c
ia of
e sv r io
n , 1 5 6 et s eq , 18 1 . .

th
N eu ras en i a a n d i n e r s io n , 196 v .

N ew C l
a e don i a , omo s ex u a i y i n , 5 h lt . T e n ny s o n , 24 .

N e w G u i nea , o m ose x u a i y i n , 1 1 h lt . T h ea ter s h omo sex u al i ty

, a mo ng
N e w Z ea a n d , l
o mo s e x u a i y a mo ng h lt w o me n i n 1 3 0 , .

w
om e n i n, 122 . Tra m ps h om osex u al i t y a mong 2 19
, ,

e t s eq .

P wd i ca t i o, 166 . Trea tm e nt o f in ve r s ion ,

1 94 et s eq .

h ll f t fic l
P a u s , u se o a r i i a , 1 18, 124 . T ri b a di s m 12 3 125 , ,
.

h c l b lt
P y si a a n orm a i i es , 170 .

h lt
P i ge o n s , omos e x u a i y a m o ng , 3 . ll
U da , 23 .

l
P a te n , 2 1 . l c
U ri h s , 3 4 .

c ct v t
P re o i y o f i n e r s , 1 5 5 , 1 7 2 . te d sexu a l imp u lse
U n di ff e re nt i a in
v l c f h
P re a e n e o lt
omos ex u a i y , 29 . you th a lle g d 4 7 ,
e , .

v t fh
P re e n i o n o lt
omos e x u a i y , 193 . U r n i ng t h e te rm 22 7 et s eq
”
, ,
.

h
P ri s o n s , lt
omose x u a i y i n , 16 , 125 ,
22 2 . V an i ty of in verts , 17 6 .

tt
P ros i u te s , o mo s ex u a i y , 14 8 h lt . V e r l a i ne 2 6, .

tt t
P r os i u io n , m a e , 1 3 l .

P s e u do se x u a a ra ion, 1 66
-
l tt ct . W ar h omos ex u al i ty 5
a nd ,
.

P sy ch
ose x u a l h
e rm a p rodi i s m , h
1 12 , t Wh i s tle i nab i l i ty o f i nv erts to 17 7
, ,
.

16 4 . Wh i tm an Walt 24 et seq
,
.
, .

W i l d e O s ca r 2 12
, , .

c
R a e a nd i nv ers ion 152 ,
. Wi nk elm ann 2 1 ,
.

R e na i ssa n ce a nd inve rsi on ,

th e , 18 . Worki ng classes h omo s ex u a l i ty ,

a mo ng 13 15 , , .

S adi s m i n i nve rte d w omen 14 5 ,

.

S a k a l av e s , h omo sex u ali ty a mong ,

10 . Z a nzi b a r h o mo sexu al i ty
,
i n , 1 1 , 12 3
‘