ANALYSIS OF SENTENCES

SENTENCE PATTERNS
ELEMENTS OF A SENTENCE

• A sentence has two basic elements: the subject and the predicate. The subject is always a noun, a
pronoun, or a group of words acting as a noun. It is what the entire sentence is about. Meanwhile, the
predicate contains a verb that describes the subject.
• A sentence is a group of words that usually contain a subject (S) and a verb (V) and expresses a
complete idea.
• The subject is a noun, noun phrases, or pronoun that usually comes before the main verb. It also
represents the person or thing that acts as the verb, or about which something is stated.

• Verb, on the other hand, is a word or group of words that describes an action or state.
 A transitive verb has an object.

 An intransitive verb does not have an object.

• Other than subject and verb, the other elements are object, complement, adjunct.
OBJECTS

• We have two kinds of objects in English grammar: Direct and Indirect object.
• A Direct Object refers to the person or thing affected by the action of the verb. (He bought a ball.)

• An Indirect Object usually refers to the person who ‘benefits’ from the action of the verb. (He bought
her a ball.)

• A direct object takes or receives the action of the verb. In other words, the subject of the sentence acts
on the direct object.
▪ The direct object in our sample sentence “Matt eats pizza” is pizza. Matt eats what? Pizza.
• An indirect object tells us to whom or for whom an action is done. To understand this concept, we need
to come up with a longer sentence.
• Our new sample sentence will be, “Matt cuts the pizza for Nate.” In this sentence, our subject is Matt,
our verb is cuts, the direct object is the pizza, and our indirect object is Nate. The pizza is cut for whom?
Nate because Matt cuts the pizza for him.
COMPLEMENT

• A complement tells us something about the nature of the Subject or Object. There are two types of
complements: Subject Complement and Object Complement.
• Subject Complement = Karnan is sad.
➔ the element ‘sad’ tells us the nature of the subject Karnan.
➔S=C
• Object Complement = Vikram made Karnan happy.
➔ the group ‘made noun happy’ tells us the nature of the object Karnan.
➔ O=C
5 BASIC SENTENCE PATTERNS IN ENGLISH

1. Subject + Linking Verb + Complement (S – LV – C)

2. Subject + Intransitive Verb ( S – IV)

3. Subject + Transitive Verb + Direct Object ( S – TV – DO)

4. Subject + Transitive Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object ( S – TV – IO – DO)

5. Subject + Transitive Verb + Direct Object + Object Complement ( S – TV – DO – OC)