CHAPTER 3

Study Section 1: Community

Ecology
Guide
In your textbook, read about limiting factors.
Complete the table by checking the correct column(s) for each limiting
factor.
Limiting Factor Abiotic Factor Biotic Factor
1. Temperature
2. Rainfall
3. Predator
4. Soil chemistry
5. Prey
6. Plant nutrients
7. Oxygen
8. Sunlight
9. Climate
10. Producers

In your textbook, read about ecological succession.

Use each of the terms below only once to complete the passage.

abiotic factors climax community ecological succession

ecosystems fire lava flow
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies,

pioneer species primary succession secondary succession

(11) ecosystems are constantly changing. Both (12) abiotic factors

and biotic factors change in every ecosystem. One type of ecosystem change, called
(13) ecological succession , results in one community replacing another over time.
This process might begin on bare rock, such as a(n) (14) lava flow . The process
begins when (15) pioneer species begin living on the rock. This process is called
(16) primary succession . The mature community that eventually forms is called the
(17) climax community . Sometimes that community is destroyed by a(n)
(18) fire . A new community will replace the destroyed one through
the process of (19) secondary succession .

Unit 1 CHAPTER 3 Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems 1

Study Guide, Section 1: Community Ecology continued

In your textbook, read about primary succession.

Number the pictures below in the order in which they occur, showing the changes that take
place during primary succession.

20. 4 22. 2

21. 1 23. 3
Copyright

In your textbook, read about secondary succession.

Respond to each statement. ©
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies,

24. Name the material that is present for secondary succession that is not present for
primary succession.
Secondary succession is different from primary succession because of the
presence of major disturbance like flood, land slide, lava flow, wildfire, or human
activities such as farming, road and building construction etc. that is capable of
wiping away a part of a landscape.

25. Cite two reasons why secondary succession is faster than primary succession.

2 Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems CHAPTER 3 Unit 1

 During the secondary succession, the growth media or soil are already present, which allows the plants to grow. Other
factors, such as the presence of few species, also contribute to the faster rate of growth.
26. Recall the name for the mature community that develops in secondary succession.

Unit 1 CHAPTER 3 Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems 3

 Name GARCIA, JESERENE T. Date OCTOBER 07, 2021Class CRIM 21
CHAPTER 3

Study Guide Section 2: Terrestrial Biomes

In your textbook, read about the effects of latitude and climate.

Complete the table by filling in the missing information.

Term Definition

Weather 1. Weather is defined as conditions of

the atmosphere such as heat, cold, humidity, calmness, storms, clearness and cloudiness, or
any other meteorological phenomena

Climate 2. A climate describes the overall weather patterns in a region over a longer period of time.

A climate description explains things like average temperature, rainfall, and sunshine.

Latitude 3. Distance north and south of the Equator is determined by 180 imaginary lines that form
circles around the Earth east-west, parallel to the Equator. These lines are known as
parallels. A circle of latitude is an imaginary ring joining all points sharing a parallel found
along said line.

In your textbook, read about the major land biomes.

Refer to the figure below and the information in your textbook. Use each of the terms
below only once to complete the passage.
desert less plants precipitation
temperature tropical rain forest tundra

TERRESTRIAL "IOMES

400

4ROPICAL RAIN FOREST

!NNUAL PRECIPITATION

300

4EMPERATE RAIN FOREST

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies,

200 4ROPICAL SEASONAL FOREST

4EMPERATE FOREST

100 4HORN FOREST

3AVANNA 7OODLAND 4AIGA
4HORN SCRUB 'RASSLAND
$ESERT 3HRUBLAND
4UNDRA

30 20 10 0 —10
!NNUAL AVERAGE TEMPERATURE (ƒ#)

The biome that receives the most annual precipitation is the (4) tropical rainforest , and
the biome that receives the least annual precipitation is the (5) desert .
Biomes are classified primarily by the characteristics of their (6) plants .
The graph shows two other characteristics of biomes: (7) temperature and
(8) precipitation . Based on the diagram, the biome that is most likely to have a
permafrost layer is the (9) tundra . Open woodlands have

4 Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems CHAPTER 3 Unit 1

(10) less annual rainfall than temperate forests have.

Unit 1 CHAPTER 3 Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems 5

 Name GARCIA, JESERENE T.Date OCTOBER 07, 2021Class CRIM 21
CHAPTER 3

Study Guide Section 3: Aquatic Ecosystems

In your textbook, read about aquatic ecosystems.

Complete the table by filling in the missing information.

Type of Aquatic Ecosystem Description of Aquatic Ecosystem

Freshwater
2. Transitional Ecosystem
3. Marine Ecosystem
1. A body of freshwater is defined as containing fewer than 1,000
milligrams of dissolved solids per liter, most often
salt. Surface water is mostly a renewable resource,
although it is heavily reliant upon other elements of water cycle.
Wetlands like swamps and marshes, which have no trees but lots of
grasses and reeds, are also freshwater habitats. Rivers, creeks, lakes,
ponds, and streams are all types of freshwater habitats.
where land and water or salt water and freshwater intermingle; includes
wetlands and estuaries; does not look like a stream, a pond, or an ocean
4. A marine ecosystem is the
largest aquatic ecosystem on Earth. It exists in large bodies of water
with a high salt content, in contrast with freshwater ecosystems.

In your textbook, read about lakes and ponds.

Complete the graphic organizer about the zones of lakes and ponds. Use these choices:

limnetic zone littoral zone profundal zone

Zone of lakes and ponds

Copyright
©

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies,

Littoral zone 7. Profundal Zone :

5. :
the deepest area of a
the area closest to
large lake; cold; low in oxygen
the shore

6. Limnetic Zone :
the open water areas
that are well lit and dominated by plankton

6 Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems CHAPTER 3 Unit 1

Name GARCIA, JESERENE T. Date OCTOBER 07, 2021 Class CRIM 21

Chapter Test B CONTINUED

Completion Write the correct term in the blank to complete each sentence below.

7. Wolves preying on and reducing the deer population in a forest is an example

of a(n) LIMITING FACTOR .
8. The climates of Earth’s tropical, temperate, and polar zones are primarily
determined by LATITUDE .

9. Biomes are primarily classified by their PLANTS .

10. The percentage of Earth’s water that is considered freshwater is approximately

2.5% .

Part C: Interpreting Graphs !NNUAL 0RECIPITATION V.

4EMPERATURE FOR 6ARIOUS "IOME
Write your response to each statement in the space provided.
1. Study the graph to the right. Interpret the range of

!NNUAL PRECIPITATION
400
annual precipitation and the temperature range for a
4ROPICAL RAIN
tundra biome. 4EMPERATE FOREST RAIN FOREST
300 4ROPICAL
The annual precipitation of Tundra will most likey to be up 4EMPERATE SEASONAL
to 100 cm while its average temperature is (negative) -10 0C.
200 FOREST
FOREST
2. Biologists are surveying a biome with an average "OREAL FOREST
7OODLAND 4ROPICAL
precipitation of 188 cm and an average temperature 100 'RASSLANDSAVANNA
above 18°C. Identify the biome they are surveying. 4UNDRA 3HRUBLAND $ESERT

0
The Biome that the Biologists are surveying in the —10 0 10 20 30
given situation is Temperate Forest.
AVERAGE TEMPERATURE (ª#)

Copyright
TOLERANCE OF STEELHEAD TROUT ©
9Ž# 13Ž# 21Ž# 25Ž#

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies,

3TEELHEAD
3TEELHEAD
TROUT ABSENT
TROUT INFREQUENT
'REATEST NUMBER OF STEELHEAD
3TEELHEAD TROUT
3TEELHEAD
INFREQUENT
TROUT ABSENT

#
.UMBER OF STEELHEAD

! " $ %

/PTIMUM ZONE

3. Study the graph above. Identify the zones labeled A–E.

A. ZONE OF INTOLERANCE

B. ZONE OF PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS

 Chapter Test B CONTINUED

C. OPTIMUM ZONE

D. ZONE OF PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS

E. ZONE OF INTOLERANCE

Part D: Short Answer

Write your response to each statement in the space provided.
1. Summarize all the components that would be found in a typical
biological community within a temperate forest biome.
The components that can be found in a temperate forest biome are
classified in three levels namely: Lichens,  mosses, ferns, wildflowers,  and
other small plants cover the forest floor; Shrubs are abundant in the middle;
and hardwood trees such as maple, oak, birch, magnolia, sweet gums fills
the uppermost level.

2. Contrast weather and climate.

Climate describes the average daily weather conditions over a long period of time at a certain location, while

weather is short-term condition, reflecting the atmosphere at a specific location.

Part E: Concept Application

Write your response to each statement in the space provided.
1. Several backpackers hiking up the tallest mountains in the Adirondack
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies,

Mountains in New York plan to fish for trout in the high mountain lakes, but a
local ranger informs them that trout do not live in the high peaks’ lakes.
Hypothesize why these mountain lakes have no trout. Include the term
oligotrophic lake in your discussion.
I certainly think that the reason why the local ranger said that there is no trout in high
peak lakes because the lakes that can be found in the Adirondack Mountains are
oligotrophic lake, or lakes that cannot support any kinds of life because it is low in
nutrients.

2. Infer why an association of duck and geese hunters living in Pennsylvania would
be interested in donating money to help the restoration process of the Florida
Everglades.

In my opinion, the reason why the association of duck and geese hunters are in
favor of Florida Everglades restoration is for them to catch a good quality ducks
and geese in the area. Since the reason for restoration is for the area to access a
more natural flow of water, it means that clean water will be delivered that will
also cause for the restoration of ecological health of the entire everglades
ecosystem including the ducks and geese.

Unit 1 CHAPTER 3 Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems 101