PAINT, VARNISH

&
DISTEMPER
By: Dushyant Sir

28-04-2023
At : 10:00PM
 PAINT
❖ Paints are coatings of fluid materials which
are applied as a final finish to surfaces like
walls, ceiling, wood and metal works
Paints are classified as
1. Oil Pints 5.Special Paints
2. water Paints (i) Fire Proof Paints
3. Cement Paints (ii) Luminas Paints.
4. Bituminous Paints (iii) Chlorinated Rubber
Paint.
1. Oil Pints 2. water Paints
3. Cement Paints

4. Bituminous Paints
5.Special Paints

(i) Fire Proof Paints

(ii) Luminas Paints

(iii) Chlorinated Rubber Paint.

Oil Pints:
# Composition of Oil Paint

(i) Base
(ii) Filler or Extenders
(iii) Pigment
(iv) Vehicles
(v) Solvent or thinner
(vi) Drier
(i) Base
➢The base, usually a metallic oxide, and it is the
principal constituent of paint.
➢It provide the body of the oil paint.
➢It possess binding property which reduces shrinkage
crack in the film of paint on drying.

Paint consists of following type of base material:-

(i) Red lead
(ii) White lead
(iii) Iron oxide
(iv) Zinc oxide
(v) Titanium White
(vi) Aluminum powder
 (i) Red lead
➢If the paint is be used for iron structure
then red lead is used as the base of the paint.

➢This base have High corrosion Resistance

capacity
(ii) White lead;-
➢If the paint is be used for wood structure
then white lead is used as the base of the
paint.
➢This Paint does not have any corrosion
resisting property.

➢It is dense
permanent and water
proof
(iii) Iron oxide

➢If the paint is be used for primer coat

over iron structure then Iron oxide is used
as the base of the paint.
➢Its cheap and durable.
(iv) Zinc oxide

➢If the paint is to be used for structure

where sulpher effect is high then zinc oxide
is used as the base of the paint.
➢It is smooth, transparent and non-
poisonous, costly.
➢It is not discolored when exposed sulpher
vapours.
(v) Titanium White

When ENAMAL paint is used over the

structure the titanium white is used as base of
this paint.
This materials possesses intense OPACITY
(impervious to the rays of light)
(vi) Aluminum powder

➢If the paint is be used for primer coat over

wood structure then Aluminum powder is used
as the base of the paint.
➢It keeps moisture content of the wood surface
practically the same.
(ii) Filler or Extenders

➢Those substance which are added in the paint

to increase mass or volume of the paint to
reduce the cost of the paint are termed as Filler
or Extenders.
Commonly used extenders are-
silica, magnesium, silicate, Alumina,
gypsum, coal, barium, sulphate.
(iii) Pigment
➢These are used to hide the surface imperfection and to
impart the desired colour.
➢They protect the paint films by reflecting the
destructive UV rays (which acts as a catalyst for
oxidation of film).
➢They also improve the impermeability of the paint and
enhance the resistance do weathering.
➢Pigment can either be natural or artificial.
 Graphite Indigo Burnt umber

Copper sulphate Caremine

Zinc chrome

Zinc oxide
(iv) Vehicles
➢Vehicles are used as the liquid substance in the
paint.
➢It holds the constituents of paints in
suspension and helps to spread it over the
surface of painted parts.
➢It imparts durability toughness and water
proofness to the paint film and resistance to
weathering.
➢Linseed oil is used as a vehicle in oil paints.
Pigment value Concentration number(P.V.C.N.) :-
It is the concentration by volume of the pigments
expressed as percentage of total volume of non
volatile constituents (pigments + vehicle) of the
paint.

PVCN =

P.V.C.N for
different
paints
(v) Solvent or thinner:-
These are the volatile liquid used to reduce
the viscosity of the paint and to increase its
spread over the painted surface.
➢They make the paint of workable consistency.
➢They evaporate during drying of the films.
➢The common thinning agents in oil paint are-

petroleum spirits naphthalene turpentine oil

(vi) Drier:-
➢It is also known as plasticizers, which are added to
paint to accelerate the drying of paint.
➢In oil paints it should not be more then
8%(sometimes also taken as 10%) of total volume of
the paint.
➢If in excess , effects the elasticity of paint.
➢Commonly used drier in oil paint are-

Manganese
cobalt Litharge lead Oxide