______________________________________________________________________________________

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DESIGN & BUILD WORKS FOR LUSAIL PLAZA TOWERS

Project BP12A / Plot 1 – Contract: 9204
Architectural
088000 GLAZING

Document Reference No. Rev Rev. Date Purpose of Issue

9204-BP12A-MMJV-SPE-FE-T1-000-00045 D00 5-May-2020 Issued for Approval

Prepared by Checked by Reviewed by Approved by

Print Name Bojan Dinic M. Paschalis Koen De Rooy

Project Director OR
Project Manager
Job Title Design Director PD’s Delegated
(ARCADIS)
Authority

Signature

Date 24-Apr-2020

Document Number: 9204-BP12A-MMJV-SPE-FE-T1-000-00045-REV.D00 Page 1 of 22 Date: 5-May-2020

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current version
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Revision History:

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This document has been issued in a controlled manner to the following recipients:
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Document Number: 9204-BP12A-MMJV-SPE-FE-T1-000-00045-REV.D00 Page 2 of 22 Date: 5-May-2020

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DESIGN & BUILD WORKS FOR
LUSAIL PLAZA TOWERS – PLOT 1
(BP12-A)
Architectural Specifications
088000 GLAZING
05-May-2020
APPROVAL
PROJECT NAME: DESIGN & BUILD WORKS FOR LUSAIL PLAZA TOWERS – PLOT 1
(BP12-A)
ARCADIS PROJECT NUMBER: 10039179
REPORT NUMBER: 9204-BP12A-MMJV-SPE-FE-T1-000-00045-Rev.D00

ORIGINATOR ROLE SIGNATURE

AUTHOR John Douglas (Alutec) Pre-Construction Director
CHECKER Even Levelle Associate Principal
APPROVER Milan Petrovic Associate Director
RELEASER Bojan Dinic Project Manager

An Arcadis company.

Arcadis Consulting Middle East Limited, a company registered in Guernsey under registration number 31444, having its registered address at 1st and 2nd Floors,
Elizabeth House, Les Ruettes Braye, St Peter Port, GY1 1EW, Guernsey and operating in Doha through Arcadis Consulting Middle East Limited, a branch registered in
Doha, under commercial license number 14641 and having its registered branch address at Al Jassim Tower – Building No. 8 – 12th Floor, Suhaim Bin Hamad St., P.O. Box
1854, Doha, Qatar.

Copyright © 2019 Arcadis. All rights reserved.  arcadis.com

VERSION CONTROL
PROJECT NAME: DESIGN & BUILD WORKS FOR LUSAIL PLAZA TOWERS – PLOT 1
(BP12-A)
ARCADIS PROJECT NUMBER: 10039179
REPORT NUMBER: 9204-BP12A-MMJV-SPE-FE-T1-000-00045-Rev.D00

Issue Revision No. Date Issued Description of Description of Reviewed by:

Revision: Revision:
Page No. Comment

V
 SECTION 088000 GLAZING

CONTENTS
088000 GLAZING..............................................................................................................................

1 GENERAL...............................................................................................................................

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SECTION 088000 GLAZING

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 TYPES OF GLASS

A. Glazing Generally
1. Glass manufacture shall comply generally with BS EN 572 for float (annealed glass), BS
EN 1096 for coated glass, BS EN 1863 for heat strengthened glass, BS EN ISO 12543
for laminated glass, BS EN 12150 for toughened glass and BS EN 14179: Part 1 for heat
soak tested toughened glass. Visual quality testing for dimensional requirements and
visual defects of the respective glass types shall, as a minimum, be as cited in these
standards, unless specified otherwise.
2. All glass types shall be cut to accurate sizes with clean cut, arrised edges. Damage such
as shark teeth, serration hackle, sharp flare, flake chips, rough chips, feathered edges,
shells or other imperfections shall not be acceptable if outside of the allowable standards
or otherwise stated herein, the more onerous to apply. Glass delivered to Site shall be of
the required size. No cutting or nipping of glass shall be allowed on Site. Variations in
manufacture and performance of the glass shall not affect its colour or appearance, while
all glass of the same type shall be visually consistent in appearance and colour at all
times, having due regard to the direction and angle of view within manufacturing
tolerances and the agreed range of samples or observations of previous installations of
the same type of glass.
3. All glass shall be of the type specified in the relevant BS EN series range, while the
glazing shall be carried out in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
4. All glass panes within frames shall be installed to give the necessary edge cover and
clearance to ensure a permanent and safe installation. Glass panes with damaged
edges, including shelling and impact markings, shall not be fixed into the building under
any circumstances.
5. Provide a statement to confirm the glazing systems comply with the manufacturer's
requirements, and indicates the life expectancy of the glass, interlayers, spacers and
other components.
6. Distortion shall be kept to an absolute minimum with no local defects (such as tong
marks) producing irregular reflections being allowed. All glass shall be manufactured and
processed in accordance with quality control procedures to BS EN ISO 9000 and BS EN
ISO 9001.
7. Stresses in glazing: Ensure that no glass or glazing combination develops stresses that
may lead to damage of glass, glazing materials, components and/ or framing systems:
a. Conduct a thermal stress analysis for each glass type in every position on the
building and make due allowance for any thermally treated or edge working of
annealed glass which may be required.
b. Take into account shading stresses that might occur from adjacent components,
including solar shading devices, signage applications and the like.
8. The method of glazing adopted shall take account of the manufacturing tolerances in the
glass, thus minimising the effects of distortion resulting.
9. All glass shall be capable of replacement without undue difficulty. Provide a method
statement showing the method of removing damaged glass and any associated metal
framework and of installing new components for each different curtain wall type, internal
glazed wall type or other application with glazing, in each and every situation on the
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building.
10. Provide glass with a colour rendering index (Ra) as specified, both for the transmittance
and the reflected spectrum and provide detailed reflected and transmitted spectrum data
for the purpose of identifying/ anticipating the possible problems with colour reflection.
Demonstrate this by provision of full size samples of each glass type, which are to be
viewed under representative lighting conditions and accepted prior to material
manufacture.
11. Provide all glass from a single supplier unless agreed otherwise by the LREDC and
provide certification proving the origin of the glass and manufacturer.
12. Ensure that glass does not contain impurities, which would detract in any way from the
performance of the glazing system.
13. All exposed glass edges shall be polished and arrised, unless specified or indicated
otherwise.
14. The loadbearing edges of glass panes in the vertical or sloping plane shall be polished
flush over the width of the pane to provide even distribution of load to the setting blocks.
Other edges shall be ground smooth.
15. All glass shall be free from bubbles, smoke vanes, air holes, scratches or any other
visible defects unless described as acceptable elsewhere in the specification.
16. Mirror glass is not acceptable unless described as acceptable elsewhere in the
specification.
17. Where combinations of glass types are used in a unit, the least stringent criteria for
viewing shall be used in accordance with the relevant standards.
18. Prior to placing an order for any glazing materials, obtain all necessary confirmation and/
or calculations in writing, on all aspects of the glazing systems for review, as but not
limited to the following:
a. Ventilating and draining provisions of the glazing rebates.
b. Thickness of individual glass panes and of insulating glass units due to
consideration of the wind loadings specified.
c. Snow and access loads for horizontal/ inclined glazing conditions with consideration
of the wind loadings specified.
d. Determination as to whether or not heat strengthening or toughening of glass will be
required.
e. Thickness and number of PVB interlayers (laminated glass).
f. Thermal and shading performance of insulating glass units.
g. Thermal safety of insulating glass units.
h. Hardness, location, shape and dimensions of setting blocks and glazing gaskets.
i. Depth and width of glazing rebates.
j. Expansion, tolerances, glass bite and clearance to meet all specified performance
requirements.
k. Glass shall comply with EN 16612.

B. Safety Glass
1. Select safety glass categories for use in critical locations as defined and recommended in
BS 6262, BS EN ISO 12543: Parts 1-6 and BS EN 1279 as required to comply with the
local Building Code, Local Authority requirements and other relevant Health and Safety
requirements. The selection of the glass type and thickness shall be undertaken to meet
the performance requirements of the specification and to minimise the risk to persons
both during construction and during the service life of the WORK. The risk of failure and
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the consequences of failure shall be documented and prepared by the CONTRACTOR

for review.
2. Safety glass shall be 'Kite', or other internationally recognised standard, marked and
labelled in accordance with the relevant standards and shall meet the requirements of
local Building Codes for safety glass. The marking shall be in a consistent position on the
glass as below, and indicated on the CONTRACTOR's layout drawings for review and
comment from the LREDC.
a. Kite marks shall be set 15mm in from bottom and left hand corner of all glass units
and be in black colour ink.
3. Annealed float glass used as safety glass shall comply with any labelling requirements
and shall only be used in a laminated safety glass condition in accordance with BS EN
12600.
4. Safety glass shall be tested to meet the requirements of BS 6206 and BS EN 12600.
5. Where it is necessary to meet the requirements of BS 6262, the local Building Codes and
any other health and safety requirements, manifestation shall be provided. The type of
manifestation shall be agreed with the LREDC and samples provided for acceptance.
6. Manifestation:
a. Location: As required by local Building Codes, or as indicated on the Lead Details.
b. Application:
1) Factory or Site applied: Ceramic fritting/ screen printed/ acid etched/ vinyl
adhesive backed film/ sand blasting.
c. Colour: As defined in the particular requirements.
d. Setting out: Carefully set out to scan across panels to give a consistent rhythm and
spacing across the length of the façade.

C. Annealed Glass
1. Unless otherwise specified and accepted in advance by the LREDC, all sheet glass shall
be manufactured by the float process. Other sheet glass shall not be acceptable without
the prior written agreement of the LREDC.
2. Untinted glass sheets shall provide a clear, undistorted vision and reflection.
3. The tolerances on thickness shall be as reproduced in BS 952: Part 1.
4. The tolerances on cut sizes for different thicknesses of material shall be as BS EN 572:
Part 8.
5. Visual quality testing of annealed glass for dimensional requirements and visual defects
shall be in accordance with BS EN 572: Part 8.
a. Spot faults shall meet Category C requirements.
b. The allowable number of spot faults shall be in accordance with Table 11 for supplied
sizes.
c. The allowable number of spot faults shall be in accordance with Table 16 for final cut
sizes.

D. Laminated Glass
1. Utilise expertise and experience for the selection of glass in order to comply with the
performance requirements of the specification.
2. Laminated glass shall be in accordance with BS 952 Part 1 and 2, EN 572 and ISO 12543:
Parts 1-6.
3. Laminated glass shall consist of a number of sheets of flat glass with polyvinylbutyral
(PVB) of not less than 0.76mm thick between each layer. The layers can be clear,

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translucent or coloured depending on the design intentions of the glazing. The glass may
be annealed, heat strengthened or heat soak toughened, as required to meet the
performance requirements of the specification.
4. Where the laminated glass includes sheets of glass that may have distortion due to the
manufacturing process, the distortion shall:
a. Be within parameters, as specified for the particular type of glass.
b. Be orientated in the same direction and accurately aligned.
5. The Lead Details shall indicate the visual requirements of the LREDC. Final selection of
glass type and thickness of each layer, together with type, opacity, density and location of
interlayer and coatings shall be accepted by the LREDC prior to ordering materials.
6. All glass shall meet the colour and quality standards set by the Control Samples.
7. The edges of the laminated glass should be left open unless otherwise agreed with the
LREDC. In vertical glazing and sloping glazing exposed top edges of laminated glass
should be polished and chamfered after the assembly of the laminate to avoid residual
water puddles. Any sealing employed shall be with materials compatible with the
interlayer. Delamination of the laminated glass for any reason at time of procurement and
installation is not acceptable. Delamination occurring during the service life of laminated
glass shall not exceed 10mm from the edge of the laminated glass pane and will not be
detrimental to the structural integrity or performance of the glazing units.
8. Visual quality testing:
a. Visual quality testing of laminated glass shall be carried out at a distance of
1000mm from the viewed surface of the glass at a viewing angle which
corresponds to the normal usage of the room and carried out under diffuse daylight
conditions (e.g. overcast sky), without direct sunlight or artificial lighting.
9. The loadbearing edges of glass panes within vertical or sloping double glazed units shall
be polished flush over the width of the pane to provide even distribution of load to the
setting blocks.
10. Laminated glass shall incorporate at least one pane of either annealed or heat
strengthened glass.
11. Evaluation of conformity/product standard shall be in accordance with BS EN 14449.
12. Vents shall not be permitted.
13. Creases and streaks shall not be permitted in the vision area.
14. The edges of individual panes in a laminated sheet supported on setting blocks shall not
be stepped.

E. Toughened Glass
1. The use of toughened glass shall be justified by risk assessment, including calculations,
with the general aim of minimising its use.
2. All toughened glass shall be heat soak tested to BS EN 14179: Part 1 paying particular
attention to temperature and duration of treatment. Demonstrate that the surface
temperature of all glass was maintained at 290°C ±10° for 4 hours holding time. Keep
records of heat soaking for each batch for QA/ QC inspection purposes before dispatch to
Site.
3. The glass shall conform to BS EN 12150 and the following requirements in the horizontal
toughening process:
a. Maximum overall bow: 0.003mm per millimetre measured along the glass edge.
b. Rollerwave: Glass shall be sized to provide for the consistent and horizontally
aligned orientation of ripples throughout the WORK. The maximum deviation for
flatness from peak to trough shall not exceed 0.12mm. In addition, the optical
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distortion from rollerwave shall also be checked using a millidiopter. The variance
in millidiopter measurements shall not deviate between adjacent wavelengths by
more than 50 millidiopters and across the whole pane, the total variance shall not
exceed 150 millidiopters. In any event, state in the Tender submission proposals to
control the extent of rollerwave, if any. Provide full size samples of all specified
heat treated glass to signify the range of rollerwave throughout the WORK, prior to
commencing production of the glass.
c. Edge dip: 0.25mm maximum.
4. Visual Quality Testing:
a. Visual quality testing of toughened glass shall be carried out at a distance of
1000mm from the viewed surface of the glass at a viewing angle which
corresponds to the normal usage of the room and carried out under diffuse daylight
conditions (e.g. overcast sky) without direct sunlight or artificial lighting.
5. Exposed edge working shall be polished smooth with small arris.
6. The residual surface compressive stress shall be demonstrated by non-destructive
testing, to be controlled at the WORK to be not less than 100N/ mm².
7. All glass shall be cut to accurate sizes and delivered to the Site in the required sizes. No
on-Site cutting or nipping shall be allowed. The glass shall be clearly marked to show its
intended final position and orientation.
8. Ensure that glass heat treatment requirements are satisfactory to meet wind, impact,
thermal or other loads anticipated in the WORK. The manufacturer of the toughened
glass shall be made aware of its intended use in the construction. Any drilling and
notching shall be carried out with the agreement of the manufacturer of the toughened
glass and prior to the toughening being carried out. All toughened glass shall be
tempered on a roller hearth furnace eliminating tong marks and shall conform to BS 6206
and BS EN 12600 Class A/ Class 1C1.
9. Ensure that the toughening process does not produce iridescence, distortion, roll marks
or ripples in the glass which are unacceptable to the LREDC. Such anticipated
imperfections shall be demonstrated by the provision of full size samples prior to
commencement of glass production. The LREDC will examine the samples provided and
reasonably advise what is acceptable and what is unacceptable. All glass produced for
the WORK shall comply with the acceptable samples as a minimum standard.
10. Prior to commencement of manufacture, advise the LREDC of the glass supplier and the
premises where fabrication and processing shall be carried out.
11. Prior to installation of the toughened glass, ensure that all documentary evidence is in
place and demonstrate with such evidence that the glass has been heat soaked for the
prescribed periods. Such evidence shall also include, as a minimum, the following:
a. Source of supply and evidence of batching.
b. Dates and records of toughening/ heat soaking of all glass.
c. Certification that the glass shall meet the performance requirements of the
specification.
d. Records to include details of all units that failed during the heat soak test.
12. The LREDC shall be given the opportunity of visiting the glass manufacturer's premises
during fabrication and/ or processing.
13. The toughening process shall not create any stresses in the glass that are visible within
the limits specified.
14. The toughening process shall not affect the appearance of the coating.
15. No cooling jet marks shall be visible on the finished surface of the toughened glass.
16. Any discolouration or distortion caused by the toughening process shall be unacceptable
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outside of roller wave distortion and glass bow specified.

17. Take all reasonable measures to control the toughening process so as to reduce the
occurrence of anisotropy at the time of manufacture. Provide full size samples for review
and agreement to set an acceptable range of occurrence of anisotropy, glass shall be
rejected if it does not fall within the range of agreed samples. The orientation of any
anisotropy is to always be in the same direction throughout the WORK.

F. Heat Strengthened Glass

1. Unless otherwise specified, all heat strengthened glass shall comply with the
requirements of BS EN 1863, and the following requirements in the horizontal heat
strengthening process:
a. Maximum overall bow: 0.003mm per millimetre measured along the glass edge.
b. Rollerwave: Glass shall be sized to provide for the consistent and horizontally
aligned orientation of ripples throughout the WORK. The maximum deviation for
flatness from peak to trough shall not exceed 0.12mm. In addition, the optical
distortion from rollerwave shall also be checked using a millidiopter. The variance
in millidiopter measurements shall not deviate between adjacent wavelengths by
more than 50 millidiopters and across the whole pane, the total variance shall not
exceed 150 millidiopters. In any event, state in the Tender submission proposals
to control the extent of rollerwave, if any. Provide full size samples of all specified
heat treated glass to signify the range of rollerwave throughout the WORK, prior to
commencing production of the glass.
c. Edge dip: 0.25mm maximum.
2. Visual quality testing:
a. Visual quality testing of heat strengthened glass shall be carried out at a distance of
1000mm from the viewed surface of the glass at a viewing angle which
corresponds to the normal usage of the room and carried out under diffuse daylight
conditions (e.g. overcast sky), without direct sunlight or artificial lighting.**
3. When subject to a fracture test in accordance with BS 6206 and BS EN 12600, the
fracture characteristics shall be similar to annealed glass and therefore, heat
strengthened glass shall not be considered as a 'safety' glass. If heat strengthened glass
is proposed for use in a situation that requires a safety glazing material, it shall be
laminated.
4. Take all reasonable measures to control the heat strengthening process so as to control
the occurrence of anisotropy at the time of manufacture. Glass shall be rejected if it does
not fall within the range of accepted samples. The orientation of any anisotropy is to
always be in the same direction throughout the WORK.

G. Curved Glass
1. General:
a. Curved glass shall be provided in accordance with the requirements of ISO 11485
Parts 1 and 2 and the recommendations of BF-Bulletin 009/2011 Bundesverband
Flachglas. Where these contradict, the more onerous requirement will apply.
b. Laminated and heat treated curved glass shall comply with the requirements of the
specification for laminated and heat treated glass generally.
2. Cutting and edge working:
a. Glass for bending shall be wheel cut on a digitally controlled cutting table to
dimensions including any allowance for bending. It shall be edge worked on the
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two bending edges to finished size in accordance with the requirements of the
specification.
3. Bending:
a. Annealed glasses for subsequent lamination shall be bent together, separated by a
silica release powder, by sag forming over a steel mould covered by a protective
fibreglass blanket. The mould shall provide a means by marks or telltales to
identify accurately the crown of the bend, and the glass shall be positioned so that
the centre of each bending edge is precisely at the crown of the mould.
b. Weighted beams with fibreglass protection may be used to assist the softened glass
in conforming to the mould, providing that they do not increase the cusp on the
bending edge. Alternatively, panels for laminating may be bent separately by
horizontal forming if the capability to achieve adequate fit between the two layers
can be demonstrated, subject to the acceptance of the LREDC.
c. If bending allowances have been included on the cut edges of annealed glass,
these shall be measured and cut off and edge-working carried out in accordance
with this specification.
4. Bending and heat treating process:
a. The glass shall be bent and heat treated on a machine, in which the hot glass is
kept moving during the quenching stage to avoid hot spots or zones of slow
cooling on its surface.
b. Any process in which the hot glass is supported on local static contact points during
the quenching stage shall not be permitted.
5. Residual stress and quality control for heat strengthened glass:
a. The entire surface, including both faces and edges, of the curved glass panes shall
be in a state of permanent compressive residual stress. The value of the residual
compressive stress on any panel shall be in accordance with the requirements of
ISO 11485 Parts 1 & 2.
b. For verification of bending strength deflection tests shall be carried out according to
EN 1288: Part 3. 1 No. test specimen at the start and 1 No. test specimen at the
end of each toughening
1) / heat strengthening production shall be used. During each production run, the
oven toughening
2) / heat strengthening parameter shall not change. A minimum of 2 No. test
specimen pieces shall be tested per day. In addition, a fragmentation test shall
be carried out according to EN 12150 chapter 8. Records of the measurements
shall be placed in the O & M Manual.
c. The CONTRACTOR shall propose and demonstrate the methods of measurement
and recording of residual stress and quality control to the LREDC for review and
acceptance, prior to commencing production of replacement glass.
6. Residual stress and quality control for toughened glass:
a. The entire surface, including both faces and edges, of the curved glass panes shall
be in a state of permanent compressive residual stress. The typical bending tensile
strength shall be 105 N/mm². The value of the residual compressive stress on any
panel shall be in accordance with the requirements of ISO 11485 Parts 1 & 2.
b. The CONTRACTOR shall propose and demonstrate the methods of measurement
and recording of residual stress and quality control to the LREDC for review and
acceptance, prior to commencing production of replacement glass.
c. For verification of bending strength deflection tests shall be carried out according to
EN 1288: Part 3. 1 No. test specimen at the start and 1 No. test specimen at the
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end of each toughening

1) / heat strengthening production shall be used. During each production run the
oven toughening
2) / heat strengthening parameter shall not change. A minimum of 2 No. test
specimen pieces shall be tested per day. In addition, a fragmentation test shall
be carried out according to EN 12150 chapter 8.
7. Laminating:
a. Clamps shall not be used to hold the sheets of glass together during the lamination
process, which may lead to local de-lamination of the interlayer. Vacuum bag or
vacuum ring lamination are preferred.
8. Visual quality of bent glass:
a. Visual quality of bent glass shall be as per item 4.6 of ISO 11485 Part 2 and item
8.0 of the BF-Bulletin 009/2011 Bundesverband Flachglas which also refers to the
'Guideline to Assess the Visible Quality of Glass in Buildings'. In addition to the
allowable discrepancies named in Section 3 of this Guideline there are also
allowable, in the case of curved glass: burn marks coating defects, surface marks
and impressions. For these criteria worst case samples shall be prepared for
review considering maximum radius and maximum thickness.
b. Tests of visual quality shall be conducted by diffuse daylight (e.g. during times of
overcast sky), without direct solar radiation or artificial lighting, and from a distance
of at least 2m, looking from the inward side to the outward, and adopting an angle
of observation which corresponds to the normal use of the room or space in
question.
9. Climatic loads on curved insulating glazed units:
a. Where annealed glass, including laminated annealed glass, is used in curved
insulating glass units, calculations shall be provided by the CONTRACTOR stating
the internal loads that are expected and demonstrating the capacity of the glazing
to withstand the climatic loads.
10. Installed Tolerances:
a. The maximum variation in curved form shall be ±3mm from the theoretical form.
Absolute values min. 2mm and max. 4mm.
b. The maximum variation in adjacent glass edges when installed shall be 1mm.
c. The maximum difference between curved adjacent glass edges when installed shall
be 3mm.
d. The maximum difference between curved adjacent glass edges when installed shall
be 4mm variation for laminated glass 2 x 10mm and 2 x 12mm, and 6mm for
laminated glass 2 x 15mm.
e. All annealed curved glass panels shall be continuously curved from edge to edge
for the full radius with no straight returns. All fully toughened and heat
strengthened curved glass panels will have straight returns within allowed
tolerances parameters.
f. The maximum allowed deviation of the height and arc of the curved glass below
2000mm is for t=10 or 12mm +/- 2mm/m and for t=15 +/- 3mm/m. Arc to be as
defined in the BF-Bulletin 009/2011 Bundesverband Flachglas
g. The maximum allowed twist deviation of curved glass is +/- 3mm/m. Twist to be as
defined in the BF-Bulletin 009/2011 Bundesverband Flachglas.

1.2 COLD BENT GLASS

A. General

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1. The system shall be capable of withstanding structural and serviceability demands due to
cold bending. Unique demands include, but are not limited to:
a. Long term stresses and strains due to the permanent pre-stress of the unit.
b. Long term effects due to the relaxation of glass interlayer lamination products.
c. Medium term stresses due to climatic effects (e.g. expansion/contraction of the IGU
cavity).
d. Fatigue and related effects due to cycles of environmental effects.
e. Short term stresses (wind load, live load, maintenance load).
f. Design shall account for the superposition of these effects as appropriate.

B. Insulated Glass Units

1. In addition to performance criteria stated herein, Insulating Glazing Units shall also meet
the following criteria, especially subject to effects listed above:
a. Secondary seal shall maintain air and water tightness, and structural integrity
throughout warranty period, and account for long, medium and short term
demands as listed above.
2. Primary seal shall be design to accommodate the above effects without compromise.
3. Spacer and primary seal solutions may include, but are not limited to, the following,
pending demonstration of resilience to above effects as well as all other required
performance criteria, including but not limited to thermal, structural, etc:
a. Spacer colour shall be black, silver will not be accepted.
b. Rigid spacer with PIB seal.
c. Flexible warm edge spacer such as, but not limited to, thermoset polymer spacers
such as but not limited to, those provided by Quanex, with a PIB seal.
d. Elastic warm edge spacer such, but not limited to, thermoplastic materials with
integrated desiccant and primary seal, such as but not limited to Kodispace 4SG
product by Kommerling.

C. Structural Glazing
1. Silicone shall be demonstrated to withstand the demands listed above, by one of the
following pathways:
a. SIlicone shall be designed to not exceed 20 psi for short term and medium term
stresses, and not exceed 1 psi for long term stresses.
b. Silicone design is approved by manufacturer, and supported by appropriate
calculations and simulations as necessary.
c. And/or testing of glazing system subject to design loads.

1.3 COATINGS AND TINTING

A. Glass Coatings Generally

1. Submit to the LREDC detailed proposals in respect of coatings.
2. Surface coatings: A highly uniform, low reflection and durable quality is required of any
surface modified glass. Such coatings shall be consistent in colour, durable and
sufficiently hard on exposed surfaces to avoid damage.
3. Visual quality testing of coated glass for dimensional requirements and visual defects
shall be in accordance with BS EN 1096: Part 1.
4. Ceramic frit coatings:
a. Tolerances for positioning and sizes of prints shall comply with optical quality
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determined viewing from a distance of 3000mm using daylight without direct

sunlight or direct spotlight, perpendicularly to the glass, for no more than 20
seconds.
b. Apply smoothly and consistently over the whole, or part, of each glazed area as
indicated on the Lead Details. Use a screen printing application method unless
otherwise agreed.
c. Fuse into the surface of the glass, thus providing a permanent layer (with the
exception of the exposed internal surface).
d. The coatings shall have similar sheen, chromaticity and luminosity, to give non-
discernible colour difference when viewed by eye and illuminated by a standard
light source and shall colour match. All ceramic fritting shall be opaque and to a
colour to be agreed with the LREDC.
e. Extent: Unless noted otherwise, the frit pattern shall extend to the glass edges.
There shall be no clear border.
f. Alignment of perimeter frit relative to the edge of the glass panels shall be within +/-
2mm.
g. Alignment of frit between adjacent panels shall be no greater than 1mm.
h. Ceramic frit shall be applied in patterns, densities and locations of the glazed
facades and rooflights of heat treated glass as indicated on the Lead Details or
otherwise as agreed, using the silk screen process.
i. The ceramic ink shall be fused to the surface of the glass during the heat treatment
process, as described in BS EN 12150 and BS EN 1863. It shall be permanent and
durable and shall be resistant for the specified service life of the glass to:
1) Mechanical damage or abrasion when subjected to the normal use and
maintenance specified.
2) Weathering, fading, chalking or discolouration due to attack from the specified
environmental conditions.
j. Any run-off from the fritted areas onto clear vision glass or other surfaces below
shall not affect the visual quality or surface of these areas.
1) Where frit is applied to the outermost face of the finished installation (surface
1), the frit applicator shall provide test certificates and warranties that verify that
the application of the frit does not compromise the product warranty.
2) The guideline prepared by the Federal Association for Wholesale Architectural
Glazing, Insulating Glass Manufacture, High Performance Glazing and the
Professional Association for Architectural Glazing, 2002, titled "Guideline for
Visual Assessment of the Visible Quality of Enamelled and Screen-printed
Glass" shall be used to assess the visual quality of fritted glass installed in the
WORK.
5. Requirements for coatings/ surface modified glass:
a. A highly uniform, low reflection and durable quality is required of any surface
modified glass. Such coatings shall be neutral in colour, durable and sufficiently
hard on exposed surfaces to avoid damage. For the purposes of the specification,
neutral shall be defined as a colour having no unacceptable hue quantified by
range of samples and being capable of refracting light without chromatic aberration
when viewed from any direction.
b. All high performance and low E glass shall be produced from a single source on a
single process.
c. All glass coatings shall be provided from a single manufacturer/ supplier unless

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agreed otherwise by the LREDC.

6. Coatings/ Treatments/ Interlayers shall not crack, disintegrate or corrode in any way
under the extremes of conditions outlined in the specification.
7. Advise the LREDC, prior to commencement of the glass coating, the name of the supplier
and applicator, together with the location of the premises where this work shall be carried
out.

B. High Performance Glass Coatings

1. Coated glass shall comply with BS EN 1096 as relevant.
2. Panes of glass with coatings shall be examined for defects in accordance with BS EN
1096: Part 1, viewed from a distance of 3000mm from the outside face of the glazing, for
both the main area and the edge area of the glass panes.
3. Acceptance criteria of coated glass defects for uniformity, stain, spots/ pinholes, clusters
and scratches shall be in accordance with BS EN 1096: Part 1.
4. Where soft coatings are used in double glazed units the glass shall be edge stripped on
the coating side to a width corresponding to the width of the spacer bar (tolerance
0+1mm) (complete with butyl strip) such that when the panes are sealed together no
discolouration to the coating by the butyl strip occurs around the perimeter of the double
glazed unit. The occurrence of a red or blue line around the perimeter of the glass panes
shall be deemed unacceptable.
5. Where soft coatings are applied to glass panes they shall be suitably protected up until
time of installation with the double glazed unit and all handling of glass shall be carried
out using protective cotton or surgical gloves so as not to damage the surface of the
coating with fingerprints. After protection is removed from the coated glass panes the
panes shall be installed into the double glazed units and sealed within the recommended
time by the coating manufacturer, to avoid any atmospheric deformation of the surface.
6. Provide samples minimum 1200mm x 1200mm in size of any coated glass types for
review by the LREDC.

C. Glass Body Tints

1. Provide evidence from the glass manufacturer that the correct body tinting has been
incorporated at the appropriate stage into the materials used by the glass manufacturer
when this has been specified on the Lead Details.
2. Provide evidence that the correct surface modified tinting has been applied by the glass
manufacturer, where this has been specified on the Lead Details.

1.4 UNITISED SYSTEMS

A. Double Glazed Units

1. Unless otherwise specified, double glazed units shall be hermetically sealed units
complying with BS 5713 or BS EN 1279. Double glazed units shall utilise panes of
unequal thickness, unless otherwise specified. The outer panes shall be thicker to
minimise the effects of pillowing.
2. Where the double glazed units include multiple layers of glass that may have distortion
due to the manufacturing process, the distortion shall:
a. Be within parameters, as specified for the particular type of glass.
b. Be orientated in the same direction and accurately aligned within the same double
glazed unit and with adjacent double glazed units.
3. Spacers shall be of adequate rigidity for their purpose, be continuous, with bent corners
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and shall have welded joints sealed to ensure the integrity of the seal and to provide a
consistent moisture seal around the entire perimeter of the unit. They shall accommodate
the seal and contain desiccant, allowing both to operate at maximum efficiency.
4. The positional tolerance on the spacer bar is important and should not overlap the
coating. The spacer shall maintain a 2mm to a maximum of 4mm of visible uncoated
glass, with a maximum local rate of change no greater than 1mm in 1000mm at any point.
5. Joints in edge spacers shall be limited to a minimum practicable number in any one
assembly and shall comply with the manufacturer's test certificates.
6. Spacers shall separate glass panes and the units shall have a mechanically applied
primary polyisobutylene seal between glass and spacer. This shall provide a continuous
vapour-proof barrier to a minimum width of 2mm and a secondary two-part silicone seal
to the perimeter of the units to carry wind loads.
7. Unless otherwise agreed with the LREDC the colour of the spacer shall be Black.
8. Drainage of water along edge seals shall not be permitted.
9. All double glazed units shall be assembled in controlled temperature and humidity
conditions. Breather tubes shall be used, if necessary, during manufacture and
transportation. These shall be thereafter removed, and the units sealed prior to
manufacture.
10. With regard to mechanically restrained glazing systems, the manufacturer shall confirm
the maximum compression allowable on the edge of the units.
11. State the maximum concavity and convexity that will occur under the ambient climatic
conditions and barometer pressure differentials anticipated by the requirements of the
specification. Ensure that the double glazed units are flat (with a maximum deviation of 1/
1000 at the centre of the glass pane when measured diagonally) when finally installed.
Also, provide calculations to show the effects through the temperature range.
12. The bottom supported edges of glass panes within vertical or sloping double glazed
units shall be polished flush over the width of the pane to provide even distribution of load
to the setting blocks.
13. Load transfer/ spacers blocks under double glazed units shall be positioned to fully
support both internal and external panes so that neither pane is cantilevered on an edge
seal.
14. Double glazed units shall carry a test certificate/ report carried out by an independent
authority, showing compliance with BS EN 1279: Part 2.

B. Visual Quality Testing

C. Visual quality testing of insulated glass units of float glass shall be carried out at a distance of
1000mm from the viewed surface of the glass at a viewing angle which corresponds to the
normal usage of the room and the following discrepancies, or better, shall be allowed per unit:
1. Rebate zone (width 18mm - no limit on discrepancies, with the exception of mechanical
damage to the edges):
a. External shallow damage to the edge or conchoidal fractures, which do not affect
the glass strength, and which do not project beyond the width of the edge seal.
b. Internal conchoidal fractures without loose shards, which are filled by the sealant.
c. Unlimited spots or patches of residue, or scratches.
2. Edge zone - area around edge with width (w)/ 10 or height (h)/ 10 respectively:
a. Inclusions, bubbles, spots, stains:
1) Pane area less than or equal to 1m²: Maximum 4 cases, each less than or
equal to 3mm diameter.
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2) Pane area greater than 1m²: Maximum 1 case, each less than or equal to 3mm
diameter per metre of perimeter.
b. Residues (spots) in the gas-filled cavity:
1) Pane area less than or equal to 1m²: Maximum 4 cases, each less than or
equal to 3mm diameter.
2) Pane area greater than 1m²: Maximum 1 case, each less than or equal to 3mm
diameter per metre of perimeter.
c. Residues (patches) in the gas-filled cavity: Whitish grey or transparent - maximum 1
case less than or equal to 3cm².
d. Scratches: Total of individual lengths: maximum 90mm. Individual length: Maximum
30mm.
e. Hair-line scratches: Not allowed in higher concentration.
3. Main zone (remainder of unit inside the edge zone):
a. Inclusions, bubbles, spots, stains:
1) Pane area less than or equal to 1m²: Maximum 2 cases, each less than or
equal to 2mm diameter.
2) Pane area greater than 1m² but less than or equal to 2m²: Maximum 3 cases,
each less than or equal to 2mm diameter.
3) Pane area greater than 2m²: Maximum 5 cases, each less than or equal to 2mm
diameter.
b. Scratches: Total of individual lengths: Maximum 45mm. Individual length: Maximum
15mm.
c. Hairline scratches: Not allowed in higher concentration.
4. Main and edge zone combined:
a. Maximum number of allowable discrepancies as in edge zone.
b. Inclusions, bubbles, spots, stains, of dimensions 0.5-1.0mm are allowable without
any area- related limitation, except when they appear in higher concentration.
'Higher concentration' means that at least 4 No. inclusions, bubbles, points,
patches are located within a circle with a diameter of less than or equal to 20cm.
5. Visual inspection of the glass edges, edge seals and spacers shall be unhindered, prior to
glazing.

1.5 STRUCTURAL SILICONE GLAZING

A. Type and Method

1. General:
a. Be responsible for the structural silicone glazing based upon the Lead Details and
the requirements of the specification.
b. Be responsible for the final selection of materials, testing, fabrication, transportation
and installation of the structural silicone glazing, all in accordance with BS EN ISO
11600 and/ or other standards specified and detailed in the specification and
submit samples for review by the LREDC prior to manufacture.
c. The structural silicone glazing shall be carried out in such a manner that will not
compromise the integrity of the double glazed units' edge seals and the specified
warranties.
d. Structural silicone glazing application shall only be carried out in an appropriate
working environment. The environment shall be strictly controlled in accordance
with the manufacturer's written instructions to maintain temperature, humidity, dust
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and dirt free conditions, in the working environment.

2. Materials:
a. Provide structural silicone adhesive, which shall be obtained from a single source
manufacturer and applied strictly in accordance with the manufacturer's written
recommendations.
b. For marine, or similar environments, the structural silicone shall be resistant to
damage from algae.
3. Installation/ Fabrication:
a. Structural silicone glazing application shall not be carried out on Site unless agreed
otherwise with the LREDC.
b. Provide documentation of the sealant manufacturer's requirements for the particular
substrate of the construction including joint sizes, limitations and requirements for
mixing, cleaning, surface preparation, priming and application.
c. Provide evidence that the sealant has been selected taking into account the sealant
manufacturer's recommendations as to use and compatibility with the contact
surfaces.
d. Joint design shall be in accordance with the sealant manufacturer's written
recommendations for glue-line and bite to glue-line ratio, taking into consideration
the design wind pressures and panel sizes.
e. Provide details of tensometer and any other testing equipment as required.
f. Glazing procedures shall include frame assembly, cleaning, priming (if necessary),
gunning, tooling and frame handling after glazing and curing. Sealants shall not be
applied when the temperature is below 4°C and units shall not be moved until the
silicone has achieved a level of cure recommended by the silicone supplier.
g. Adopt silicone batching logging procedures to record all batches used, including
batch manufacture date and arrival date of each batch at the fabrication WORK.
The location of each structural silicone glazed panel shall be individually located
on As-Built-Drawings of the building, recording date and batch of structural
silicone, with details of tests carried out to ensure that the highest quality of
silicone is being used.
h. The structural silicone glazing shall be recorded at the time of assembly and shall
include identification marks of every panel by a unique number, readable from the
inside of the building for the life of the building. Provide glazing records with
information on each panel including silicone type, batch, date of application,
glazier's name and temperature and humidity measured inside the factory on the
day of assembly.
i. Recommend a periodical maintenance regime for agreement with the LREDC. This
shall be incorporated in the O&M manuals. Acceptance criteria shall be consistent
with the requirements of the testing criteria, which as a minimum shall be:
1) A standard 'peel test' on any broken panels that require replacement. A close
visual inspection, to be carried out externally from the cleaning apparatus,
including application of hand pressure to verify continued adhesion. This
exercise shall be carried out for 1% of the cladding, at a yearly frequency for
the first 3 years, then at a frequency of 5 years following. The panels shall be
randomly selected around the elevations at varying heights.
2) The tests shall be carried out by the sealant supplier, or other qualified body.
j. The structural silicone glazing shall be carried out by the same specialist applicator
for the duration of the WORK. The specialist applicator shall operate a quality
assurance system based on EN ISO 9001. Where structural silicone glazing
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includes glazed units, the same sealant manufacturer shall provide the structural
sealant and the sealant for the glazed unit vapour seals and weather seals.

1.6 ROOFLIGHTS/ HORIZONTAL AND INCLINED GLAZING

A. Type and Method

1. Horizontal glazing shall be designed to satisfy the requirements of CWCT Technical Note
No. 66 in addition to the 'Health and Safety in Roof Work' guidance book (G)33, Appendix
4, the HSE and CDM regulations and shall be manufactured only by a company
registered to BS EN ISO 9001 or carrying European Technical Approval (ETA).
2. Glazing shall be designed to satisfy the following criteria:
a. Performance: Roof glazing shall meet the requirements of a Class 1 roof as
described in CWCT Technical Note 66 when tested at 40°C.
b. Testing: 3 No identical horizontal glazing specimens for each horizontal glazing type
shall be tested in accordance with the requirements of CWCT Technical Note 67,
for a Class 1 roof, except that the specimen shall be impacted by a single impact
of 1060J; Impact positions shall be as follows:
1) Centre of pane.
2) Within 300mm and not more than 150mm from a support.
3. Glazing for rooflights or horizontal and inclined situations shall be capable of
accommodating the following live loads without any reduction in its performance:
a. All defined loads resulting from specified movements of the main structural frame
during building use.
b. Wind loads as defined by BS EN 1991: Parts 1-4 and BS 5516: Parts 1 and 2 or
from the Wind test report, the more onerous requirements to apply.
c. Loads imposed by snow as determined by BS EN 1991: Parts 1-3 and BS 5516:
Parts 1 and 2.
d. Minimum working pressures on infill panels for hand cleaning operations as defined
in BS 5516: Parts 1 and 2.
e. The impact load of two persons falling on it during maintenance, cleaning and
inspection operations in accordance with the requirements of the specification. The
glazing system to maintain its structural integrity and the glass and edge covering
to have adequate thickness so that units do not 'pop out' of the frame under such
impact. Should the outer layer of glass break, then the inner sheet glass shall stay
in place and support the operatives.
4. When calculating loads on the glazing and structure, the worst combination of the above
shall be considered, taking into account the fact that the pressure coefficients at various
locations may determine more than one design criterion.

END OF SECTION

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