Aft1043 Group 4

AFT1043
FUNDAMENTALS
OF ACCOUNTING
SEMESTER 1
2021/2022
NAME OF LECTURER : NADZIRAH BT MOHD SAID
GROUP :4
COMPANY NAME : AL-HIDAYAH SDN. BHD.
DATE OF SUBMISSION : 19/01/2022
LINK : https://youtu.be/IUCY1YmLiUw
Group Group Members

No.
4 KHALIDATUNNUR FARHNAH BINTI ABDUL KADIR
MOHAMAD IMRAN SYAHID BIN SAMIUN
NUR SYAZWANI SYAFIQAH BINTI AB RAHMAN
NUR ADILA BINTI ABD RAZAK
MUHAMAD DANIAL BIN AZMI
NURUL ASYIQIN BINTI ABDUL PATAH
1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
BIL CONTENT PAGE
1 Group details & Table of Contents 1-2
2 Company Logo 3
3 Introduction 4
4 Company Background 5-6
5 Organizational Chart 7-13
6 Products Of Al-Hidayah Sdn. Bhd 14-16
7 Company Accounting Records 17-45
 Business Transcaction
 Journal
 Ledger
 A Trial Balance
 Income Statement
 Balance Sheet
8 46 – 48
Financial Statement Analysis of the Company
9 49 – 50
Suggestion For Business
10 51
Conclusion
52 – 56
Attachment
2
3
AL-HIDAYAH SDN. BHD. LOGO
4
1.0 INTRODUCTIONS
Accounting is the process of systematically recording financial transactions that take

place in a business organization. This includes business performance, financial position,
financial planning, and analysis. Accounting covers a wider field that covers the activities
of collecting, compiling, storing, recording, reporting, analyzing, interpreting, planning,
evaluating, and formulating. Finance is an essential part of every business. Finance is
required because it takes care of the other elements and activities of the business.
Without proper care of the financial aspect, it is not possible to operate the business
efficiently. Financial management involves certain rules and techniques, which are
essential. In this study, the discussion will be made on the financial management at
different case study organizations. The assignment will show how financial management
can be performed from different perspectives like preparation of financial statements,
analysis of the viability of investment using investment appraisal techniques, and the
breakeven point calculation and analysis.
The importance of accounting in business is to includes being able to identify the
financial position of the company. The financial position needs to be identified as it is
very important to avoid making inappropriate expenses on time and avoid cash flow
problems. This is because too many traders are experiencing restrictions on bank
transactions due to the problem of insufficient bank balances to cover the expenses
incurred. However, this complicates business dealings if bank dealings have been
blocked for a certain period of time. to prevent this from happening it is necessary to
update the account more frequently. Being able to identify and avoid irregularities is an
important account for a business. The importance of accounting in business is To get a
loan from a financial institution, you need to provide a financial statement. To make a
financial statement, you need to have a proper accounting system. Various books of
record such as profit, expenses, assets and liabilities, tax paid need to be maintained.
The financial institution will then scrutinize in detail in order to provide a loan to the
organization. Improved Payment Cycles Another reason for preparing and keeping
accounting and accounting systems within a business organization is to enhance the
business payment cycle such as payable and receivable cycles. Investors’ share on
profit needs to be determined, daily wages and monthly salaries need to be calculated
and payment should be made to lenders on a timely basis. The payment cycle can only
be improved if a proper accounting system is implemented within a business
organization.
5
2.0 BACKGROUND OF AL-HIDAYAH SDN. BHD.
On November 1, 2020, we have agreed to form our own corporation. The newly formed
company intends to sell only one product: a women's hijab. We chose that day because
we believe it is ideal for launching a new business focused on women's veils.
We chose Al Hidayah Sdn Bhd as our company name because Hidayah means "guide"
or "gift." That is why we chose the name Hidayah, which has a lovely and meaningful
meaning and can help our company flourish. Our company also sells scarves such as
Bawal, Shawls, and Lazy Sarongs. We customise our hijabs to meet the preferences of
all the women who use them. In order to attract buyers, our veil business produces a
wide range of colours and patterns. For example, wearing a leopard print, plain, or flower
patterned hijab. We also sell a variety of hijab materials, such as Cotton Silk, Bamboo
Jersey Cotton, Pearl Chiffon, and others, to entice customers to purchase from us. In
addition, we sell all of our scarves for a variety of sensible and moderate pricing. For
example, prices range from RM 20.00 to RM 100.00.
We've also decided on a logo that will be utilised as our company's logo. We chose the
logo because it has an implied connotation, such as the soft brown colour, which
represents a nice woman in speech or demeanour. We also used slogans like "Beauty
Hijab Women" since a woman's beauty is enhanced when she wears a well-fitting, high-
quality hijab. We also included a picture of a hijab in our logo because it represents our
company as the first to start a hijab business.Examples of company logos we have
selected :
6
We've also decided where our company will operate. We decided to base our business
at Pengkalan Chepa, Kelantan. This is because we discovered that there is no business
in Pengkalan Chepa that sells women's headscarves like us. Nearby vendors exclusively
sell by setting up small stores or conducting business online. As a result, we want to
open a store in Pengkalan Chepa in order to attract a large number of people interested
in purchasing the numerous varieties of scarves we sell.
7
3.0 ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
Chief Executive Officer (CEO)
MOHAMAD IMRAN SYAHID BIN SAMIUN
Logistik Manager Marketing Finance Manager

Human Resource Production
Manager
Manager Manager KHALIDATUNNUR
NUR SYAZWANI
SYAFIQAH BINTI NURUL ASYIQIN FARHANAH BINTI
NUR ADILA BINTI MUHAMAD
BINTI ABDUL ABDUL KADIR
AB RAHMAN ABD RAZAK DANIAL BIN AZMI
PATAH
8
The Chief Executive Officer, sometimes known as the CEO, is the highest-ranking individual
in a corporation. A corporation is a legal body formed by an individual, a shareholder, or a
group of shareholders with the intent of making a profit. The CEO is in charge of a
company's or organization's overall success and makes high-level management decisions.
The CEO is responsible for guiding the formulation and implementation of long-term
initiatives, in addition to the overall success of the organisation or company. Corporate
Planning In contrast to gaining competitive advantage in business strategy shares, corporate
strategy focuses on resource management, risk, and return in a corporation. Investing Value
The overall value of a firm that may be attributed to shareholders is known as equity value.
Follow this advice from Finance to figure out how much equity you have.
The CEO's job is to effectively communicate on behalf of the company to shareholders,

government agencies, and the general public. The CEO and members of the company's
board of directors, for example, individually contribute their thoughts.
The CEO's job is to guide the company's short- and long-term strategies. Set a company's
short term to less than one year, for example.
The CEO will develop and implement the company's or organization's vision and mission.
This is because the company will be more developed if it has a strategic vision and mission.
Other senior executives in the organisation, such as directors, vice presidents, and
presidents, will be evaluated by the CEO. This is because he will assess employee
performance and highlight issues that his company's top management will face.
The CEO will be informed about the competitive market landscape, expansion possibilities,
and industry trends.
Wherever he or she conducts business, the CEO will remain informed of the competitive
market landscape, expansion opportunities, and industry advances, and he or she will
ensure that the company maintains a high level of social responsibility.
Finally, the CEO will evaluate the company's risks and ensure that they are monitored and
mitigated, as well as define strategic goals that are measurable and descriptive. For
instance, short, medium, and long-term strategies.
9
Finance Manager
The Financial Manager's Function
In a business, a financial manager is responsible for ensuring that the company's targets
and objectives are met as a whole. Financial managers, on the other hand, have huge duties
in a corporation. As a result, the actual role of a financial manager is as follows. Making and
preparing the company's financial strategy based on the needs of the firm to run is one of
them.
As a result, the finance manager must determine if the organisation has adequate financial
resources to complete the project. If that isn't enough, the finance manager must choose
whether the company should raise funds through loans or shares to fund the project.
Financial managers must guarantee that every plan they create maximises revenues while
also controlling contingent expenses to avoid waste.
Furthermore, financial managers should evaluate and select the best sources of finance with
caution. In brief, a finance manager must determine the most effective financing approach
for maximising the company's profitability.
Financial planning and forecasting are other responsibilities of the financial management,
with the goal of ensuring that the organisation has a sufficient supply of finances in the
future. As a result, finance managers require the assistance and collaboration of all other
managers in the organisation in order to offer reliable information on anticipated future
operating expenses.
The financial manager's next task is to maintain control and coordination over the company's
money. This level of management and coordination is critical, particularly in a corporation
with multiple divisions or departments.
Financial managers must communicate with all other managers in the organisation to ensure
that financial control and coordination are carried out efficiently and effectively.
Finally, the financial manager serves as a consultant to management. This level of

management is in charge of making numerous decisions inside the organisation, including
financial decisions like investments, product prices, dividend policies, employee policies, and
cost control.
10
Human Resource Manager
The role of human resource managers
Human resource management is necessary, recruiting employees, and providing job

descriptions. It is also,
use recruiting techniques and selection processes that can attract qualified candidates to
join a business and clearly describe the scope of work so that employees perform tasks
efficiently and achieve targets.
Managers also need to develop teams to achieve targets. This is because, creating a team
spirit. For example, each worker strives to achieve team targets or KPIs as an indicator of
achievement on the job
In addition managers also need to measure team performance. This is because, team
performance will affect the quantity and quality of production and improve team performance
and motivation through training and courses.
Next provide training and improve skills. It is also, providing a variety of training and
development programs are given on an ongoing basis, training and development programs
conducted can enhance specialized skills and knowledge.
Managers also need to create a positive and harmonious work environment. This is because
a comfortable work environment can increase productivity, motivation and job satisfaction
and a harmonious work environment can provide space to generate new ideas for the
company.
Next, managers also need to create a professional culture. This is because, ethical work
practices, integrity and emphasis on excellence can create a professional culture and
professional culture can guarantee the best service to customers.
In addition managers need to encourage creativity and innovation. this is because,

managers need to encourage the development of employee talent to add expertise. For
example, Creative and innovative Employees are rewarded and appreciated as their work
motivation
Managers also need to, give reasonable incentives in this regard because rewarding
employees is to improve employee performance, motivation and loyalty. For example,
appropriate rewards can create a harmonious environment.
Finally, managers have the power to lay off employees. This is because, in a company there
should be a systematic retrenchment system so that there is no wastage of human
11
resources and employees who terminate their services or are retrenched should be given
appropriate rewards or compensation as a sign of appreciation for their service contributions
Marketing Manager
The best marketing managers are able to balance creative thinking with well -planned
planning to develop innovative and effective marketing strategies and initiatives that help
their companies grow. To be a marketing manager, you must manage a variety of tasks,
work well with a variety of people, and be comfortable with many responsibilities and high
visibility positions.
A good marketing manager is a good people manager. They know how to motivate
employees to do their best and they know when to provide additional training opportunities to
encourage employee growth. Staff sizes can vary, so managers must be effective whether
they have only two or three employees or large groups broken down into areas of
responsibility.
The role of the marketing manager is to plan. This is because every marketing department
needs a plan so that it knows what it wants to achieve and how to get there. In a large
company, the plan may be set by a director or vice president, but managers often have input
and, in a small company, may be responsible for all aspects from planning through
execution. He needs to assess the company’s strengths, weaknesses and audience, set
marketing goals, and identify strategies to achieve those goals
Next, the role of the marketing manager is to create a budget. This is because a marketing
manager must develop a budget that is reasonable, meetable and approved by top
management or the board of directors. Budgets are usually broken down into line items or
various types of expenses such as ad placement, event expenses, promotional gifts and
market research. A manager must also fund the salaries and benefits of all department
employees as well as new positions he or she may wish to add. In some companies, he also
has to consider operating expenses, such as office supplies or bottled water.
Finally, marketing managers are so-called “job managers,” which means that they have
actual day-to-day work assignments in addition to supervisory responsibilities. Depending on
the size of the department and company, this may include a combination of graphic design,
still and motion photography, and writing text for ads, brochures or websites. Managers may
need to plan media purchases and place entry orders, maintain the company’s social media
sites and plan special events such as trade shows. In some companies, marketing
managers also coordinate proposal development.
12
Production Manager
The production manager oversees operations at the manufacturing plant. This is because As
an industrial production manager, you are responsible for coordinating operations in the
manufacturing plant. Your role is to balance quality, cost and production efficiency while
meeting the customer’s delivery schedule. To achieve that, you need to use the most
productive employees and equipment by investing in training and automation.
Production managers need to recruit, train and manage teams of operators, production
assistants, supervisors and inspectors. You keep team numbers in line with production
requirements, using overtime to close peak periods or immediate delivery. To maintain a
safe work environment, you must ensure that your operations comply with health and safety
regulations.
Managers also need quality control is an important aspect of the job. In a large
manufacturing company, you can work with a quality manager and a team of quality control
inspectors who give you reports on quality issues on the production line. In a smaller
company, you may take responsibility for quality. Production managers or quality team
members establish quality standards based on industry standards, such as ISO 9000, or
standards required by customers.
In addition, managers also need to control costs. This is because to help companies
compete, managers are responsible for controlling costs. He also needs to establish
standard operating procedures for all manufacturing processes and monitor the time taken
by operators to complete their work. If necessary, managers organize training to increase
operator productivity, and monitor quality to identify opportunities that will reduce waste or
rework costs.
Managers also need to constantly improve. This is because, production managers conduct
regular assessments of production performance to identify quality issues or congestion in the
production process that affect productivity or cause delivery delays. You work with
production engineers and training specialists to develop solutions to improve performance.
13
Logistik Manager
Logistics managers need to interact with customs, tax inspectors and other government
agencies. This is because, managers need to process incoming information about orders,
existing customers, delivery points, as well as rethinking to optimize the movement of goods;
stocks of raw materials, as one of the tasks faced by logistics is the timely and uninterrupted
supply of products to customers, which requires control over its emissions.
Managers need to make strong and strategic decisions. This is because, work in logistics
requires a large number of operations. This is the flexibility of this activity, which is
necessary for the following namely the conclusion and control of execution of contracts with
customers and suppliers, transport organization (sometimes and delivery of necessary
materials), control of company stock management, resolve issues with customs authorities,
analysis of current market needs and the development and conclusion of contracts with
clients, which take into account legal and regulatory aspects.
The logistics manager needs to be the liaison with the marketing services. This is because,
the work of specialists in the movement of goods, as well as those involved in its sale,
especially in relation to the level of sales of the product produced. At the same time, the
main goal of the activities of the logistics and marketing department is to increase sales
volume while arranging the highest quality implementation process.
The manager also needs to manage the movement of goods, He, consisting of the services
of the enterprise organization, does the following which is to develop an optimal route that
allows delivery of goods by fully loading the transport, in the shortest possible time and with
the preservation of the quality of goods required and carry out calculations required to
reduce transportation costs, which can be done using a single vehicle delivering several
consignments in one direction at once.
Finally, responsible for the safety of goods during its transportation, guaranteed by route
safety, fast loading and unloading of products, as well as calculation of humidity and
temperature conditions of transport and effectively interact with other structural parts of the
company, allowing to increase profits, reduce costs and increase profits.
14
4.0 PRODUCTS OF AL-HIDAYAH SDN. BHD.
4.1 STRATEGY
a) Product Strategy
Our team has deliberated and decided on the name Al-Hidayah for our company.
The word Al-Hidayah implies light or direction, which is why we named our product
after it. Not only that, but we also believe that by introducing the product, it would be
able to encourage women to wear the hijab. Aside from that, the firm designs our
product's logo or symbol, which will be employed as a sticker. The logo we designed
for our business's product stickers represents women's beauty and elegance when it
comes to protecting their genitals. Moreover, the Al-Hidayah hijab product that we
manufacture comes in a variety of styles, including bawal hijab, shawl hijab, and
sarong hijab. As a result, we create distinct stickers for each type of lid so that buyers
can distinguish between them. The purpose of this product strategy is to attract
customers by providing a wide choice of lids that are of good quality.
b) Distribution Strategy
Our Al-Hidayah hijab business also provides direct commerce services to clients. Our
approach is to make it easier for our clients to buy things from us and to feel at ease
with the services we give. In addition, we will neither charge or charge for shipping to
customers in order to make this plan successful. So, if they're interested in our
product, all they have to do is contact one of our groups, and we'll get back to them
as soon as possible. For us to organize delivery to the consumer, the customer must
supply an address to one of our group members.
c) Adversiting
15
To market our items, we use advertising tactics such as Instagram, Facebook, and
WhatsApp. This will increase awareness of our products and increase their
availability. the reason why our organization uses social media to advertise its hijab
Al Hidayah products Furthermore, the number of people using social media sites is
growing all the time. We continually promote our items on the internet so that internet
users are aware of their presence.
Social media Al-hidayah
4.2 BENEFIT PRODUCT
a) Easy To Style
One of the benefits of our hjab Al Hidayah product is that it is simple to form.
Most modern lids do not offer the same benefits as our company' shawl. Our
organization benefits greatly from the easy-to-shape lid. Furthermore, clients,
particularly ladies, are in desperate need of easy-to-shape veils. The easy-to-
shape veil also makes it simple for our female clientele to get out and about
without fear of shame. Not only that, the lids manufactured in our company are
16
also anti-wrinkle. This means that our company's lids are of the same high quality
as the fabric used in the production process.
b) Easy To Wear And Not Rare
The advantage of the second company shawl is that it is not uncommon. For
shawl which is not uncommon is an advantage for hijab users out there. The veil
is not infrequently a requirement in religion to cover the aurat. This is good news
for Muslim women out there. Moreover this hijab also does not require a hijab
inner covering the neck. It adds convenience to its users.
c) Non -Stick And Sticky
Not only that, but unlike other companies' lid fabrics, our company's hijab do not
stick and stick. The company's hijab is properly placed on the head and neat
when on the head at all times. It's preferable if it doesn't stick to your body when
you're wearing it. Not only that, but it can perfectly cover the chest area in
accordance with the intention to conceal the aurat.
d) Can Be Washed By Hand
Hijab manufactured by wood companies can also be washed by hand. This is

because the fabric used is easy to dry and does not require sunlight. Quite
suitable to be dried at room temperature. Moreover, it will make it easier for the
women out there in the event of an emergency, they can use this hijab. This
provides convenience for the women out there as it can be used at any time.
e) The Hijab Is Not Hot
Most of the hoods out there if worn will feel hot and steamy. But not for the hijab
of Al Hidayah. The hood is created with a cool fabric. This cover also absorbs
sweat, making the scalp feel more comfortable. A hijab with a cool advantage
when worn is an advantage that is awaited and appreciated by all users of the
hijab. Moreover, Malaysia is a hot country. Therefore, this cool drop of Al Hidayah
hijab is the best and most useful feature for Muslims out there.
17
5.0 COMPANY ACCOUNTING RECORDS
BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS JANUARY
DATE DETAILS
2021 JAN Opening stock of RM 80,000 by cheque
2 We commenced a business, Al-Hidayah Sdn Bhd investing RM14,580

cash
4 Bought goods RM 500 by cash
Paid salaries RM 500 by cash
5 Sold goods RM 5,500 by cash
Paid advertising by RM 50 by cash
6 Sold goods to Syarikat Satyns, RM 1,000 on credit
7 Bought goods RM 850 by cheque
Paid rent RM 500 by cash
Bought goods from Syarikat Nylon and doubtful debts RM 300
10 Sold goods RM 5,700 by cheque
11 Paid electricity bill RM 1,000 by cash
Bought goods RM 1,000 by cheque
12 Bought office equipment RM 30,000 by cheque
Bought goods from Syarikat Hjab Girls RM 12,000 on credit
18
Sold goods to Syarikat Satyns, RM 1,000 and received cash
17 Bought office furniture, RM 10,000 by cash
Sold goods to Syarikat Nylon RM 2,000 on credit
Deposited cash into bank RM 2,000
20 Sold goods to Syarikat Satyns RM 500 on credit
23 Bought goods RM 2,500 by cheque
24 Bought goods RM 500 by cash
25 Sold goods to Syarikat Nylon RM 500 on credit
27 Received electricity bill RM 500
Received rent bill RM 51,210
19
BUSINESS TRANSACTION FEBRUARY
DATE DETAILS
2021 FEB Bought vehicle RM 100,000 by cheque
Sold goods RM 5,070 by cash
3 Bought goods from Syarikat Anggun RM 2,500 on credit
Received salary, RM 9,000
Bought office furniture RM 10,000 by cash
5 Paid rent RM 500 by cash
6 Sold goods RM 590 by cash
Paid advertising RM 100 by cash
8 Bought goods RM 1,000 by cash
Paid electricity bill RM 770 by cash
9 Bought goods 500 by cash
12 Sold goods to Syarikat Wiramas RM 1,250 on credit
14 Paid advertising RM 50 by cash
20
Bought goods from Syarikat Anggun RM 3,450 on credit
15 Paid loan RM 20,000 by cheque
Sold goods to Syarikat Satyns RM 7,000 on credit
Sold goods to Syarikat Nylon and received cash RM 780
16 Paid loan RM 4,000 by cheque
17 Bought goods from syarikat Cottonese RM 3,500 on credit
Returns damaged goods to Syarikat Anggun RM 2,000
22 Sales goods RM 35,080 by cheque
Received goods from Syarikat Satyns RM 4,900 because damage
23 Mortgage of RM 16,000
25 Sold goods to Syarikat Nylon RM 6,200 on credit
Returns damaged goods to Syarikat Cottonese RM 2,500
Received goods from Syarikat Nylon RM 2,700 because damage
Bought goods from Syarikat Anggun and paid cash RM 450
26 Sold goods to Syarikat Satyns and received cash RM 100
Sold goods to Syarikat Satyns RM 2,250 on credit
Bought goods from Syarikat Cottonese RM 2,040 on credit
Bought goods from Syarikat Cottonese and paid cash RM 200
Received electricity bill RM 730
28 Received rent bill RM 2,000
21
Provision for depreciation of vehicle, 50% on cost
Provision for depreciation of office equipment, 50% on cost
Provision for depreciation of office furniture, 50% on cost
JOURNAL
GENERAL JOURNAL
DATE DETAILS FOLIO DEBIT CREDIT

(RM)
(RM)
2021 Jan Cash 14,850

2
Capital 14,850
(Cash investment by owner
SALES JOURNAL
DATE DETAILS FOLIO NO.DOCUMENT RM
2021 JAN Syarikat Satyns 1,000
17 Syarikat Nylon 2.000
20 Syarikat Satyns 500
25 Syarikat Nylon 500
4,000
2021 FEB Syarikat Nylon 7,280

5
12 Syarikat Satyns 1,250
16 Syarikat Nylon 6,500
22
30,480
SALES RETURNS JOURNAL

FEB 22
7,600
PURCHASES JOURNAL
2021 Syarikat Hijab Girls 12,000

JAN 12
12,000
2021 Syarikat Anggun 2,500

FEB 3
17 Syarikat Cottonese 3,500
11,490
PURCHASES RETURN JOURNAL
23
FEB 20
4,500
CASH RECEIPTS JOURNAL
2021 Syarikat Satyns 1.000

JAN 6
15 Sales (cash sales) 1,000
20 Syarikat Satyns 500
25 Syarikat Nylon 500
5,000

FEB 5
Sales (cash sales) 780
26 Sales (cash sales) 100
Syarikat Satyns 2. 250
31,360
24
CASH PAYMENTS JOURNAL

JAN 12
12,000

FEB 3
25 Purchases (Cash paid) 450
27 Purchases (cash paid) 200
12,140
25
LEDGER
RM RM
Jan 1 Bank 80,000 Jan 31 Balance c/d 80,000
80,000 80,000
Feb 1 Balance b/d 80,000 Feb 28 Balance c/d 80,000
80,000 80,000
Opening Stock Account
26
Bank Account
RM RM
Jan 10 Sales 5,700 Jan 1 Opening Stock 80,000
15 Sales 30,000 7 Purchases 850
16 Sales 75,000 11 Purchases 1,000
21 Sales 7,500 12 Office Equipment 30,000
30 Sales 2,000 31 Balance c/d 13,850
128,20 128,200
0
Feb 1 Balance b/d Feb 2 Vehicle
13,850 100,000
2 Sales 5,070 9 Purchases 500
13 Sales 6,500 28 Balance c/d 3,600
22 Sales 35,080
15 Loan 20,000
16 Loan 4,000
23 Mortgage 16,000
102,50 102,500
0
27
Capital Account
RM RM
Jan 31 Balance c/d 14,580 Jan 2 Cash 14,580
14,580 14,580
Feb 28 Balance c/d 14,580 Feb 1 Balance b/d 14,580
14,580 14,580
Cash Account
RM RM
Jan 2 Capital 14,580 Jan 4 Purchases 500
5 Sales 5,500 Salaries 500
8 Sales 3,000 5 Advertising 50
9 Sales 1,500 7 Rent 500
15 Syarikat Satyns 1,000 11 Electricity 1,000
22 Sales 5,000 17 Furniture 10,000
Deposits 2,000
24 Purchases 500
31 Balance c/d 15,530
28
30,580 30,580
Feb 1 Balance b/d 17,760 Feb 2 Salaries 500
6 Sales 590 4 Office Furniture 10,000
7 Sales 200
10 Sales 300
15 Syarikat Nylon 780 5 Rent 500
20 Sales 2,168 6 Advertising 100
26 Syarikat Satyns 100 8 Purchases 1,000
27 Sales 302 14 Advertising 50
25 Syarikat Anggun 450
27 Syarikat Cottonese 200
22,200 22,200
29
Purchases Account
RM RM
Jan 4 Cash 500 Jan 31 Balance c/d 17,350
7 Bank 850
11 Bank 1,000
23 Bank 2,500
24 Cash 500 Feb 28 Balance c/d
17,350 17,350
30
Feb 1 Balance b/d 17,350 32,340
8 Cash 1,000
9 Bank 500
18 Bank 1,000
21 Bank 1,000
32,340 32,340
Salaries Account
RM RM
Jan 4 Cash 500 Jan 31 Balance c/d 500
500 500
Feb 1 Balance b/d 500 Feb 28 Balance c/d 10,000
2 Cash 500
3 Accrued Salary 9,000
10,000 10,000
31
Office Furniture Account
RM RM
Jan 17 Cash 10,000 Jan 31 Balance c/d 10,000
10,000 10,000
4 Cash 10,000
20,000 20,000
Sales Account
RM RM
Jan 31 Balance c/d 50,000 Jan 5 Cash 5,500
8 Cash 3,000
9 Cash 1,500
10 Bank 5,700
15 Bank 20,000
16 Bank 75,000
32
21 Bank 2,000
22 Cash 5,000
25 Syarikat Jati 500
29 Bank 5,000
30 Bank 2,000
129,700 129,700
2 Bank 5,070
4 Bank 9,000
6 Cash 590
7 Cash 200
10 Cash 300
11 Bank 5,000
13 Bank 6,500
20 Cash 2,168
22 Bank 35,080
33
27 Cash 302
224,390 224,390
Advertising Account
RM RM
Jan 5 Cash 50 Jan 31 Balance c/d 50
50 50
Feb 1 Balance b/d 50 Feb 28 Balance c/d 200
6 Cash 100
14 Cash 50
200 200
Vehicle Account
RM RM
Jan 5 Balance b/d 100,000 Jan 31 Balance c/d 100,000
100,000 100,000
Feb 2 Bank 100,000
100,000 100,000
34
Syarikat Satyns Account
RM RM
Jan 6 Sales 1,000 Jan 15 Cash 1,000
20 Sales 1,500 31 Balance c/d 1,500
2,500 2,500
Feb 1 Balance b/d 1,500 Feb 22 Sales Return 4,900
12 Sales 1,250 26 Cash 100
15 Sales 7,000 28 Balance c/d 13,500
16 Sales 6,500
26 Sales 2,250
18,500 18,500
Rent Account
RM RM
Jan 7 Cash 500 Jan 31 Balance c/d 51,710
Jan 29 Accrued Rent 51,210
51,710 51,710
Feb 1 Balance b/d

51,170 Feb 28 Balance c/d 54,210
5 Cash 500
28 Accrued Rent 2,000
35
54,210 54,210
Syarikat Nylon Account
RM RM
Jan 17 Sales 2,000 Jan 9 Doubtful Debts 300
25 Sales 500 31 Balance c/d 2,200
2,500 2,500
Feb 1 Balance b/d 2,200 Feb 15 Cash 780
5 Sales 7,280 25 Sales Return 2,700
25 Sales 6,200 28 Balance c/d 12,200
15,680 15,680
Doubtful Debts Account
RM RM
Jan 9 Syarikat Jati 300 Jan 31 Balance c/d 300
300 300
Feb 1 Balance b/d 300 Feb 28 Balance c/d 300
300 300
Electricity Account
36
RM RM
27 Accrued Electric 500
1,500 1,500
Feb 1 Balance b/d

1,500 Feb 28 Balance c/d 3,000
8 Cash 770
27 Accrued Electric 730
3,000 3,000
Syarikat Hijab Girls Account
RM RM
Jan 31 Balance c/d 12,000 Jan 12 Purchases 12,000
12,000 12,000
12,000 12,000
Office Equipment Account
RM RM
Jan 12 Bank 30,000 Jan 31 Balance c/d 30,000
30,000 30,000
30,000 30,000
Deposits Account
37
RM RM
2,000 2,000
Feb 1 Balance b/d 2.000 Feb 28 Balance c/d 2,000
2,000 2,000
Accrued Electric Account
RM RM
Jan 31 Balance c/d 500 Jan 27 Electricity 500
500 500
Feb 28 Balance c/d 1,23 Feb 1 Balance b/d 500

0
27 Electricity 730
1,23 1,230
0
Accrued Rent Account
RM RM
Jan 31 Balance c/d 51,210 Jan 29 Rent 51,210
51,210 51,210
Feb 28 Rent 2,000
53,210 53,210
38
Accrued Salary Account
RM RM
Feb 28 Balance c/d 9,000 Feb 3 Salaries 9,000
9,000 9,000
Syarikat Anggun Account
RM RM
Feb 20 Purchases Return 2,000 Feb 3 Purchases 2,500
25 Cash 450 14 Purchases 3,450
5,950 5,950
Loan Account
RM RM
Feb 28 Balance c/d 24,000 Feb 15 Bank 20,000
16 Bank 4,000
24,000 24,000
39
Syarikat Cottonese Account
RM RM
Feb 25 Purchases Return 2,500 Feb 17 Purchases 3,500
27 Cash 200 26 Purchases 2,040
5,540 5,540
Purchases return Account
RM RM
Feb 28 Balance c/d 4,500 Feb 20 Syarikat Anggun 2,000
25 Syarikat Jaya 2,500
4,500 4,500
Sales Return Account
RM RM
Feb 22 Syarikat Wiramas 4,900 Feb 28 Balance c/d 7,600
25 Syarikat Jati 2,700
7,600 7,600
40
Mortgage Account
RM RM
Feb 28 Balance c/d 16,000 Feb 23 Bank 16,000
16,000 16,000
Provision for Depreciation of Vehicle Account
RM RM
Feb 28 Balance c/d 50,000 Feb 28 P&L 50,000
Provision for Depreciation of Office Equipment Account
RM RM
Provision for Depreciation of Office Furniture Account
RM RM
41
TRIAL BALANCE
SRI CEMERLANG ENTERPRISE
A Trial Balance as at 28 February 2021
Details Debit Kredit

(RM) (RM)
Opening Stock 80,000

Bank 3,600
42
Capital 14,580
Cash 9,400
Purchases 20,000
Salaries 5,000
Office Furniture 20,000
Sales 123,940
Advertising 200
Vehicle 100,000
Syarikat Wiramas 13,500
Rent 54,210
Syarikat Jati 12,200
Doubtful Debts 300
Electricity 3,000
Syarikat Teguh 47,550
Office Equipment 30,000
Deposits 2,000
Accrued Electric 1,230
Accrued Rent 53,210
Accrued Salary 9,000
Syarikat Anggun 1,500
Loan 17,000
Syarikat Jaya 2,500
Purchases Return 4,500
Sales Return 6,700
Mortgage 15,100
Provision for Depreciation of Vehicle 50,000
Provision for Depreciation of Office Equipment 15,000
Provision for Depreciation of Office Furniture 10,000
365,110 365,110
43
INCOME STATEMENT
Income Statement for the year ended 28 Februuary 2021
RM RM
Sales
123,940
Less: Sales return

(7,600)
44
Net Sales
116,340
Less : COGS
Opening stock 80,000
Purchases 20,000
Purchases return (4,500)
95,500
(-) Closing stock (54,300)
(41,200)
GROSS PROFIT 75,140
Less : Expenses
Rent 49,210
Salaries 5,000
Doubtful Debts 300
Advertising 200
Electric 3,000
(62,710)
NET PROFIT 12,430
BALANCE SHEET
Balance Sheet as at 28 February 2021
RM RM RM
Fixed Assets
45
Office Equipment 30,000
Less:Provision for Depreciation (15,000)
15,000
Office Furniture 20,000
10,000
Vehicle 100,000
50,000
75,000
Current Assets
Stock 54,300
Cash 9,400
Bank 3,600
Syarikat Nylon 12,200
Syarikat Satyns 13,500
Deposits 2,000
95,000
Less : Current Liabilities
Syarikat Cottonese 2,840
Syarikat Anggun 3,500
Syarikat Hijab Girls 12,000
Accrued Electric 1,230
46
Accrued Salary 4,000
Accrued Rent 4,000
(27,570)
Working Capital 67,430
142,430
Financed by :
Capital, 1 January 2021 90,000
Add : Net Profit 12,430
102,430
Non-Current Liabilities :
Loan 24,000
Mortgage 16,000
40,000
142,430
FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS OF THE COMPANY
Purpose for financial statement analysis :
 Assist management in evaluating business performance and subsequently making

business financial decisions.
47
 Assist outsiders in deciding on credit facilities.
 Help investors make investment -related decisions.
Profit Ratio
 Measure the ability of a business to make a profit.
Ratio Calculation Interpretation

Gross Profit Percentage on Gross Profit / Cost of Sales X 100% For every RM 1 cost of
Cost of Sales (Incremental) 75,140 / 41,200 X 100% sales, the gross profit
= 182.38% earned is RM 1,82 cent
Gross Profit Percentage on Gross Profit / Net Sales X 100% For every RM1 of net
Sales (Gross Profit Margin) 75,140 / 116,340 X 100% sales, the gross profit
= 64.59% earned is RM 0.65 cent
Net Profit Percentage on Net Profit / Net Sales X 100% For every RM1 of net
Sales (Net Profit Margin) 12,430 / 116,340 X 100% sales, the net profit earned
= 10.68% is RM 0.11 cent
Return on Capital Net Profit / Initial Capital X 100% For every RM1 invested,
12,430 / 90,000 X 100% the net profit earned is RM
= 13.81% 0.14 cent
Efficiency Ratio
 Measure the efficiency of a business managing inventory

 Measure a business’s ability to collect and pay off debt
48
Inventory Turnover Average Inventory:
Rate Initial Inventory + Final Inventory / 2
80,000 + 54,300 / 2
= 67,150
(number of times) In one accounting period,

Cost of Sales / Average Inventory the business replaced or
41,200 / 67,150 purchased new inventory
= 0.61 0.61 times.
(number of days) In one accounting period,

Average Inventory / Cost of Sales X 365 days the business has
67,150 / 41,200 X 365 replaced or purchased
= 594.90 new inventory every 595
days
Debt Collection Period Accounts Receivable / Credit Sales X 365 days Businesses take 143.7
5,700 / 14,480 X 365 days to collect debts
= 143.66 from customers.
Debt Payment Period Accounts Payable / Credit Purchases X 365 days The average payment of
6,000 / 11,150 X 365 debts to suppliers by
= 196.41 businesses takes 196
days
Liquidity Ratio
 Measure the ability of a business to make various types of payments to external

parties.
 This ratio indicates the affordability of a business.
49
Current Ratio Current Assets / Current Liabilities For every RM1 of current
95,000 / 27,570 liabilities, the business has
= 3.44 : 1 RM 3.44 cent current assets
to settle.
Acid Test Ratio Current Assets - Final Inventory / Current Liabilities For every RM1 of current
95,000 – 54,300 / 27,570 liabilities, the business has
= 1.48 : 1 current assets (excluding
final inventory) of RM 1.48
cent to settle at an
immediate rate.
6.0 SUGGESTION FOR THE BUSINESS
AL HIDAYAH SDN BHD's profit growth advice is to take action to improve product quality
to reduce the rate of return of products by consumers. Companies can choose to sell
branded and well -known goods as well as have high quality man -made materials. From
50
here, the firm must focus on customer demand. The end user should consider when
determining the items required by the customer. As a result, the body must take
protection by supplying high quality goods. Consumers can guarantee their comfort if
high quality goods are used.
Furthermore, avoiding returns entails ensuring that consumers have consistent

access to stock. As a result, firms must keep a monthly eye on the entry and exit of
adequate stock. The goal is to guarantee that the supply of lids given will help to boost
and streamline the operations of customers that utilise this company's services.
Businesses must persuade customers that the services they supply are flawless in order
to satisfy customer satisfaction levels and preserve customer service relationships.
Customers will utilise AL HIDAYAH SDN BHD's services because of its constant stock
management.
Following that, selecting responsible suppliers and having outstanding management

is suggested as a way to boost the company's profitability and minimise the rate of
purchase return. As a result, companies must conduct extensive study into the quality
and brand of products that would be warmly appreciated by customers. where
businesses must verify that their suppliers can provide comfy, attractive, and high-quality
lid materials.
The proposal for enhancing the company's profitability and reducing the company's
questionable debts. Risk scoring is one of the most widely employed methodologies by
corporations. They examine each of their customers. The company then assigns them a
ranking based on how convenient they are. Customers with a higher credit score are
added, and the result is the amount of allowance the company makes for bad debt. This
strategy might not be the most dependable or efficient for the company. Historical
percentages are another prominent instrument utilised by businesses. The company
examines previous performance using this form. They look at prior statistics to see what
percentage of bad debts occurred in the preceding year. For the entire year, they have
received the same proportion.
For the entire year, they have received the same proportion. It may appear to be a
straightforward task, but if consistency is sought, it is not an effective strategy. The
strategy for reducing bad debts is to ensure that consumers' financial stability is intact.
To solve the issue of bad debts, the firm agrees to grant credit to the consumer only if
the customer can guarantee repayment within the set period. When defining buy terms,
51
the corporation must also decrease the amount of instalment payments received from
customers and decide that only full payment is agreed upon for each purchasing
procedure.
7.0 CONCLUSIONS
52
Finally, the hijab Al Hidayah company of our group is the most famous wear company in
Malaysia. A system of selling and buying goods is buying and selling products to increase
income. Our business company is also considering improving our products. A hijab that is
friendly for wuduk and easy to bring for prayer is one of the plans that our company will
make. The hijab can be used to take wuduk and prayer, that is what our mean. This is due
to the fact that women take a long time to prepare wudu and prayer. Our company therefore
plans to produce a usable hijab for prayer time. In addition, we also plan to remove the lid
with a long field. This is because, we also received a request to remove the leg lid. This lines
up with the first idea, which is appropriate for prayer. This is because in Islam, women are
required to cover their aurat while praying. Not only that, but women say wearing a hid with
more legs is more comfortable and can change their body shape from other men's view. To
expand our business, we are also planning to open branches in other regions. Expanding
the business so that many people know about our business is one of the reasons why we
want to open another branch. The second reason is to expand the revenue of our company.
Other items, such as goods delivery services, can be increased when income is increased.
For the benefit of our customers and their convenience, we try to select a better delivery
service. We also intend to advertise our products on other websites, such as Shopee and
Lazada. This is because these two locations are where people travel to acquire items after
contracting PKP as a result of the Covid Virus 19. Shopee and Lazada are companies that
act as middlemen, selling goods from other businesses. Not only that, but these two
platforms are a veritable swarm of foot shoppers. We hope that all the planning that will be
made can be carried out smoothly. We will try our best to make our company a success. We
will also work together to increase the productivity of our company.
8.0 8.0.ATTACHMENT
53
COPY CREDIT NOTE No.CN00709
Syarikat Jati Date : 25 February 2021
Block 1, Lorong 3, Taman Bunga
16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan Darul Naim
To :
Sri Cemerlang Enterprise,
Lot 1211, Jalan Long Yunus,
15200, Kota Bharu, Kelantan Darul Naim.
Bill Details Quantity Price Amount
(RM) (RM)
1 Paint 10 70 700
2 Wooden Planks 20 100 2,000
2,700
Ringgit Malaysia : Two thousand seven hundred
Qistina
Manager
54
ORIGIN CREDIT NOTE No.CN00103
Sri Cemerlang Enterprise Date : 25 February 2021
To :
Syarikat Jaya
No.2, Block 23, Taman Cahaya,
16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan.
(RM) (RM)
1 Sink 25 100 2,500
2,500
Ringgit Malaysia : Two thousand five hundred
Shaza
Manager
55
COPY CREDIT NOTE No.CN007097
Syarikat Wiramas Date : 22 February 2021
Lot 13, Jalan 5, Taman Sinar Daya,
16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan Darul Naim
To :
(RM) (RM)
1 Cement 50 30 1,500
2 Brick 1,000 2.50 2,500
4,000
Ringgit Malaysia : Four thousand
Izzat
Manager
56
ORIGIN CREDIT NOTE No.CN00102
Sri Cemerlang Enterprise Date : 20 February 2021
To :
Syarikat Anggun
Lot 411, Block 14, Taman Bunga,
(RM) (RM)
1 Steel Inch Tape 100 20 2,000
2,000
Ringgit Malaysia : Two thousand
Shaza
Manager
57
ORIGIN INVOICE No.IN00986
Syarikat Jaya Date : 17 February 2021
No.2, Block 23, Taman Cahaya,
To :
(RM) (RM)
1 Toilet Bowl 20 160 3,200
3,200
Ringgit Malaysia : Three thousand two hundred
Izzati
Manager
58

Aft1043 Group 4

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Aft1043 Group 4

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

AFT1043

NAME OF LECTURER : NADZIRAH BT MOHD SAID

COMPANY NAME : AL-HIDAYAH SDN. BHD.

DATE OF SUBMISSION : 19/01/2022

Group Group Members

MOHAMAD IMRAN SYAHID BIN SAMIUN

NUR SYAZWANI SYAFIQAH BINTI AB RAHMAN

NUR ADILA BINTI ABD RAZAK

MUHAMAD DANIAL BIN AZMI

NURUL ASYIQIN BINTI ABDUL PATAH

BIL CONTENT PAGE

1 Group details & Table of Contents 1-2

4 Company Background 5-6

5 Organizational Chart 7-13

6 Products Of Al-Hidayah Sdn. Bhd 14-16

7 Company Accounting Records 17-45

Accounting is the process of systematically recording financial transactions that take

Chief Executive Officer (CEO)

MOHAMAD IMRAN SYAHID BIN SAMIUN

Logistik Manager Marketing Finance Manager

Chief Executive Officer (CEO)

The CEO's job is to effectively communicate on behalf of the company to shareholders,

The Financial Manager's Function

Finally, the financial manager serves as a consultant to management. This level of

The role of human resource managers

Human resource management is necessary, recruiting employees, and providing job

In addition managers need to encourage creativity and innovation. this is because,

Social media Al-hidayah

4.2 BENEFIT PRODUCT

b) Easy To Wear And Not Rare

c) Non -Stick And Sticky

d) Can Be Washed By Hand

Hijab manufactured by wood companies can also be washed by hand. This is

e) The Hijab Is Not Hot

BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS JANUARY

2021 JAN Opening stock of RM 80,000 by cheque

2 We commenced a business, Al-Hidayah Sdn Bhd investing RM14,580

4 Bought goods RM 500 by cash

Paid salaries RM 500 by cash

5 Sold goods RM 5,500 by cash

Paid advertising by RM 50 by cash

6 Sold goods to Syarikat Satyns, RM 1,000 on credit

7 Bought goods RM 850 by cheque

Paid rent RM 500 by cash

8 Sold goods RM 3,000 by cash

9 Sold goods RM 1,500 by cash

Bought goods from Syarikat Nylon and doubtful debts RM 300

10 Sold goods RM 5,700 by cheque

11 Paid electricity bill RM 1,000 by cash

Bought goods RM 1,000 by cheque

12 Bought office equipment RM 30,000 by cheque

Bought goods from Syarikat Hjab Girls RM 12,000 on credit

Sold goods to Syarikat Satyns, RM 1,000 and received cash

16 Sold goods RM 75,000 by cheque

17 Bought office furniture, RM 10,000 by cash

Sold goods to Syarikat Nylon RM 2,000 on credit

Deposited cash into bank RM 2,000

20 Sold goods to Syarikat Satyns RM 500 on credit

21 Sold goods RM 2,000 by cheque

22 Sold goods RM 5,000 by cash

23 Bought goods RM 2,500 by cheque

24 Bought goods RM 500 by cash

25 Sold goods to Syarikat Nylon RM 500 on credit