FAKULTI PENGAJIAN PERNIAGAAN

KUMPULAN : BA111B

MGT162 : FUNDAMENTALS OF MANAGEMENT

GROUPING ASSIGNMENT
( ZASB Group SDN. BHD. )

DISEDIAKAN OLEH :

NURUL BAZILAH BINTI BAZLI 2023283916

NURUL SYAZANA BINTI SUFHAT DBS2023/060430
NOOR ZAARA BINTI ALI 2023222328
NURARIENA MAISARA BINTI MOHD 2023229152
AFFENDI

SEM OKTOBER – FEBRUARI

NAMA PENSYARAH : DAYANG ZANNARIE AFNAHTON AIDA BINTI AHMAD

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost , praises and thank ALLAH S.W.T. and his messenger ,
Prophet Muhammad S.A.W for showers of blessing throughout my research work to
complete the research successfully and gratitude to Madam Dayang Zannarie Afnahton Aida
Binti Ahmad as our lecturer for this semester also gave us task which is to create a report
based on business management as our first task for this subject. Without her support and
guidance while finishing this assignment we will not able do it alone. Through this
assignment, it is help us improve our knowledge about the function of management for more
detail. Also, I would like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to all of my group
members which is Syazana, Ariena and Zaara. The project would not have been successful
without their cooperation and inputs.

Thank you to all customer of AZ PERFUME for choosing us as your suppliers of perfume
producers. For your information, our company is located in Johor which is one of the states
that famous with many interesting place . That is also one of the reasons why we choose
Johor as a place to sell perfume because Johor Bahru is a tourist area and a border area with
Singapore .

As an agency that thrives upon honesty and openness, we are committed to constantly strive
to share valuable, up-to-date information as well as dynamic input to the public. Any
feedback, suggestions and queries can be e-mailed to
Azperfume23@gmail.com. We will try hard to improve and upgrade the shortcomings and
complaints of customers presented through the platform.

At last , we hope our assignment is complete and will be receive . We had used our effort and
acknowledgement to search information and ideas . hoped our effort was worth it .
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

NO. DETAILS PAGES

1. Acknowledgment 2

2. Introduction to Management 4

3. Planning 5

4. The Nature of Decision Making 7

5. Organizing 10

6. Motivation 12

7. Leading 14

8. Controlling 15

9. References 20

INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT
 i) Company Background

Name of the firm of the business is AZ Perfume which is perfume manufacturing company
located in Jalan Sierra Perdana 3/2 , Taman Sierra Perdana 81750 Masai, Johor. We produce
halal products and our perfume is certified by halal JAKIM . Our business started in the
year of 2022 after seeing a bright opportunity in making perfume products. The primary ideas
to open this business is from Bazilah as a founder of this business. Our business activity
are to create attractive scents, sell them and get good feedback from customers . We supply
we supply good perfume bottles, fragrant and interesting smell, long lasting smell and can be
used by all walks of life regardless of age. We also bring convenience, consistent high
quality, hygienic, flavorous, and high value.

ii) Managerial levels, skills and roles

For AZ Perfume, we are practicing three level of management which are, first line manager,
middle level manager and top level manager. The first-line manager is one that foremost
understands how to motivate their team to focus on objectives and succeed. In addition, first-
line managers may do well in their roles by honing specific skills that help them perform
highly and maintain a growth-oriented mindset. The roles of first-line manager are represents
an entry-level position for management professionals. First-line managers work directly with
non-management employees and project team members. Their overarching role is
to supervise employee productivity and hold employees accountable for achieving company
goals. Next, middle line manager was functioned to supervise first line managers or
staff department. For example,production manager, human resource manager, finance
manager, marketing manager. Middle line manager have a strong understanding of the areas
strategy of the organization and on commitment to ensure that it is implemented well.
The primary objective is to allocate the resource effectively and manage the work group.
Human skills was used to involves the ability to work effectively with members of one’s
work group. Other than that, create a work environment wherein members of the group can
express themselves freely, offer ideas and participatein the planning activities. The role of
middle line manager are interpret plans and set actions.
Besides, top level manager provide the strategic direction for the organization. For
example, Chief Executive Officer. They have vision for the organization and the
leadership skills necessaryto guide the organization toward reaching the vision.
Conceptual skills was used to process a tremendous amount of information about both
the internal and external environment of the organization. Using a well-
developedconceptual skill set, top level business managerhave to be compelled to be able
to verify the corporate as a holistic entityto visualize the interrelation between the divisions,
and to knowhow the firm fits into and affects its overall environment.
Planning
Planning is the process of outlining the activities that are necessary to achieve the goals of the
organization.It is very important for all organization to be one of the most well-structured
company in the market.

Vision
Our vision for our business is always prioritize the ingredients used in this perfume , contain
no ingredients that can harm the user.

Mission
Meanwhile, our mission is always take care of the quality of the product ingredients used in
making perfumes. Besides, inspecting the products produced so that product quality
continues to be guaranteed.

Strategic planning
Goals of the organization is being well-determined by the top managers of the company.

1) Making AZ Perfume recognize in the market

 Advertise AZ Perfume in commercial, newspaper advertisement,
advertisement board and YouTube advertisement.
 Create social media such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and Whatsapp

2) Expand the range of the marketing sales

 Increase the number of retailers by giving discount on whole purchase item
 Making collaboration with other famous companies and influencer

3) Provide high quality product and service

 Making variety of selection of scents, creating a long-lasting perfume and
bottle of perfume that is easy to carry anywhere
 Open feedback and reviews from the customers so that we can improve and so
on.

Operational plan
Standing plan

Policy
1. The managers and employees of ZASB group need to wear the specific uniform depending
on their department they belongs to.
2.All employees need to be punctual with the operation time of the company.
3. Perform all the tasks professionally

Procedure
1. All employees need to look for fresh ingredients to maintain the quality of the perfume
2. Find good quality container of perfume that is not easily to break
3. Ensure that it is not an unsafe substance or a prohibited substance

Rules
1. The company does not allow its employees to smoke around the workplace or any area in
the company.
2.The employees need to make sure that the hygiene of the environment in the company is
being taken.
3.The company allows their retailers to purchase on credit but only with the specific deals
that have been made among them.

Single use plan

Program
The high demand of variety of perfume scent that the company produce, it is decided that
the company will expand its territory by opening new branch in other state of Malaysia.
Project
The company have some innovation on inventing some new product that can compete
with others companies. One the new invention that will be launch is body mist .
Budget
 Program:
The budget of opening a new branch is including the rental and also the water and
electricity bills of RM4000. The other expenses of this plan is salaries, commissions,
and utilities that worth of RM8500 overall. This budget will only be used when the
company decided to open a new branch.
 Project:
The company needs only a few amount of money to operate such high research
and development to launch a premiere product to the make.

DECISION MAKING
We maintain the decision making at the lower level, such as the department and employee,
which mean we will contribute the decision making. In this term, if any problem happens, we
can refer to people are closest the situation, usually referring to people at the lower level who
could make better and faster decisions. The employees and subordinates are capable to make
decision making. Then, the growing diversity of the working has increased the variability in
decision making.

Programmed decisions
Our programmed decisions is structured. It is a repetitive or routine decision that can be
handled by routine approach. It is also can make fast decision making in our company, ZASB
Group SDN. BHD. are:

• Always be punctual when come to the work, be ready to begin the days work and did
not go back home before the dismissal time.
• Assigned break times are doled out to have meal, use enough break time to release
stress, make sure to continue to work on time.
• Who work late or on extra time must guarantee that all the door, lights and air-
conditioner are closed and stopped when they want to go back home.
• Take reasonable security and safety precautions, report any security or safety hazards
promptly to their supervisor, report accident or injury immediately.
• Every worker must do their work based on the rules, regulations and so forth material
now and again.

Non-programmed decisions
Our non-programmed decisions are made under crisis condition which is involve plenty of
ambiguity for which specific procedures or programmes are not available. As we are
bombarded with the news of COVID-19 situation, even it is not to serious like a few years
ago, our company still take precautions whenever want to do work.

• The worker frequent handwashing they hand before do any work, or disinfection
based hand sanitizer, wearing face masker whenever they feel unhealthy.
• Before doing any work, the worker must make sure a regular environmental cleaning
and disinfection has done.
• Workers should report to their supervisor any situation which may present an
imminent and serious danger to their life or health.

TYPES OF CONDITION UNDER MAKING

1) Certainty:
- Our manager has perfect knowledge of what will happen of the company in future and
what is the information that the manager needed to make a best decision to make sure that
their company still developing in future. This condition is ideal for problem solving.

2) Risk:
- When we talk about certainty, we are really talking about weighing risk. It is not easy
for anyone to making a decision including the manager, because it is causes a decision
difficult to make. But the more the manager try go through it, the better they get at
understanding it. The result may noy be perfect but it still works.

DECISION MAKING PROCESS

1) Identifying oppurtinities and diagnosing problems:
-The manager must know the problem that needed to solve in the organization. This is the
first step that is very important to making the best decision.

2) Generating alternatives:
-As the manager (decision maker) collect the information of the problem, at the same time
they will probably identify several possible paths of action, or alternatives. The alternatives
can be construct by using imagination or additional information.

3) Reaching decisions:
-After the alternatives was be generated, they are ready to select the alternative that seems to
be the best one to be used in the organization.

4) Choosing implementation strategies:

-The manager now ready to take some positive action by beginning to implement the
alternatives that has been choosen. A good organization comes from effectively and
efficiently strategy.

5) Monitoring and evaluating:

-In this step, the manager must consider the results of the decision and evaluate whether or
not it has resolved the need in the first step. If the decision has not met the identified need,
the manager may want to repeat certain steps of the process to make a new decision. For
example, the manager might want to gather more detailed or explore additional alternatives.
 ORGANIZING

ORGANIZATION CHART OF ZASB Group SDN.BHD COMPANY

FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE

CEO
( NURUL BAZILAH BINTI BAZLI )

MANAGER OF MANAGER OF MANAGER OF

MARKETING FINANCIAL HUMAN
RESOURCES

(NURUL SYAZANA (NURARIENA

BINTI SUFHAT) MAISARA BINTI (NOOR ZAARA
MOHD AFFENDI) BINTI ALI)

 WORKER 1  WORKER 1  WORKER 1

 WORKER 2  WORKER 2  WORKER 2
 THE ORGANIZING PROCESS

1) Aligning with company’s mission and vision:

- Our manager ensure their team is aligned with their company mission and values
is by clearly articulating the mission and values. So that everyone understands the
overarching purpose of the organization and the principles that guide its decisions.
When teams know how to their goals align with company’s mission, they will be
more motivated to work towards the mission.

2) Determining task, duties & responsibilities:

- Every worker including the manager has their own role. Role has key
responsibilities that fit with that position. It is important to understand the
meaning of the terms when considering the importance of roles and
responsibilities. This will ensure that everyone can perfom their job efficiently.

3) Coordinating resources:
- Coordinating helps in the early stages of strategizing in planning. Management
then determines what resources are needed. Once the plan is put in place,
managers coordinate by organizing and directing employees to execute their
functions and follow through on the project throughout the process lifecycle.

4) Monitoring & Feedback:

- This is to review and improve your feedback and progress monitoring culture. The
worker need to improve it by asking for and giving feedback to the manager if got
any problems in the organization, the manager need to identifying strengths and
weakness of the organization, and implementing best practices.
 Motivation

Motivation is a set of forces that causes people to behave in certain ways. It is a

psychological process that gives purpose and direction to behavior. Other than that,
motivation is a management process of influencing people behavior based on this knowledge
of “What makes people act.”

Here in ZASB Group, we motivate our employees and staff by using the Maslow’s Hierarchy
of Needs. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a motivational theory in psychology comprising a
five-tier model of human needs, often depicted as hierarchical levels within a pyramid. There
are 5 levels of needs that is introduced in this theory which is physiological needs, safety or
security needs, social needs, esteem needs and self-actualization needs.

The first one on the chart, physiological needs, is the most basic needs in our life. It includes
food, water and shelter. On the other hand, base salary is one of the basic needs in an
organization. All humans need those things to survive in their daily lives. Our most basic
need is for physical survival, and this will be the first thing that motivates our behavior. Once
that level is fulfilled, the next level up is what motivates us, and so on. For ZASB Group’s
employees, we provide break time for them to eat and take rest in between of their work time.
We pay our employees’ salaries by hour per week, meaning by how many hours they worked
in the span of one week.

Next comes the safety or security needs. These needs will often emphasize rules, job security
and fringe benefits. In our company, we provide insurance for our employees that will cover
hospital bill and other necessary costs if any accidents ever occur during their working time.
We also hired multiple security guards to observe visitors and people coming in and out of
our company. Also, there are CCTVs installed to monitor everything that happened inside the
company.
Third in line comes the social needs, where individuals value their work as an opportunity for
finding and establishing friendly interpersonal relationships. Working in groups and being a
part of a team makes employees have social interaction with others. In our company, we
often organize a lot of social events in a year. For example, company annual dinner, Hari
Raya Open House, making Kolam together for Deepavali celebration and so much more. This
helps to make employee interact and get to know with the staff from other department and
strengthen bonds between them.

The next one will be esteem needs which Maslow classified into two categories: (i) esteem
for oneself and (ii) the desire for reputation or respect from others. Esteem presents the
typical human desire to be accepted and valued by others. People often engage in a profession
or hobby to gain recognition. These activities give the person a sense of contribution or value.
ZASB Group, we will give a reward to one best employee for their performance at work
every month. This is our one of our way to motivate our employee to do their best in their
perspective jobs. In addition, we also provide opportunities for our employees to highlight
their talents and skills through the events we organized.

Last on the pyramid, self-actualization needs are the highest level in Maslow’s hierarchy, and
referring to the realization of a person’s potential, seeking personal growth, and peak
experiences. ZASB Group’s managers who emphasize self-actualization will involve
employees in designing jobs or make special assignments that capitalize on their unique
skills. Our managers will give them a job that sometime may be out of their comfort zone.
This helps to build up our employee’s skills and let them to learn new things so that they
won’t be bored of their usual task.
 Leading

Leading is the ability to motivate and direct the members of the organization so that they
contribute to the achievement of the goals of the organization. Leadership, on the other hand,
is the process of directing the behaviour of others toward the accomplishment of some
objective or causing individuals to act in a certain way or to follow a particular course.
Meanwhile a leader is people who can influence the behaviour of others without having to
rely on force or those accepted by others. Here at ZASB Group, we appointed a few
managers in each department to lead the others and make sure everything goes according to
the procedures we have.

Power is the ability to marshal human, information or material resources to get something
done. It can also be defined as an individual’s capacity to influence decisions. There multiple
sources of power including information, coercive, legitimate, reward, referent and expert.
ZASB Group gives the power of reward and uses the power of expert. Reward power is
derived from control over tangible benefits. We gave this power specifically to the HR
manager as they are the ones that schedule our employees’ working shift. Meanwhile for
expert power, we hired a Fragrance Chemist who’s job is to create perfume composition and
flavouring. They develop formulas to produce various kinds of different smells according to
our request.
CONTROLLING (The controlling process)
Controlling is the last step of management . Controlling has been defined as “ the regulation
of organuzational activities of the type of control system an organization needs , there are
four fundamental steps in controlling process which are :

Step 1 : Establishing standards

Standard for product controlling to maintain its quality that our organization has established .

Ingredients Selection:
Choose high-quality essential oils, aroma chemicals, and other ingredients . Ensure they
meet safety and regulatory standards .

Formulation:
Develop a precise formula, specifying the exact quantities of each ingredient . This
includes the top, middle, and base notes to create a balanced fragrance .

Packaging:
Establish standards for packaging , ensuring it meets safety regulations and maintains the
fragrance’s integrity .

Labeling:
Clearly label the perfume with accurate information about ingredients , usage
instructions , and safety warnings .

Documentation:
Maintain detailed records of the entire manufacturing process , including ingredient
sourcing , formulation changes , and quality control checks .
Step 2 : Measure Actual Performance

Sillage (Projection):
Evaluate the trail or projection of the scent how far it extends from the person wearing it
. This is crucial for understanding how noticeable the fragrance is .

Top, Middle, and Base Notes:

Examine how well the fragrance transitions through its different notes . The top notes
are initially perceived , followed by the middle notes , and finally , the base notes. A well-
balanced progression is a sign of quality .

Skin Interaction:
Consider how the perfume interacts with different skin types . Some fragrances may
evolve differently on various individuals due to differences in body chemistry .

Step 3 : Compare Performance Against Standards

Longevity:
Evaluate the actual longevity of the fragrance on the skin against the expected duration
outlined in the standards . If there are discrepancies , investigate potential reasons such as
ingredient quality or formulation adjustments .

Stability:
Verify that the perfume maintains stability over time , meeting the standards for color ,
scent , and overall quality . Address any issues related to degradation or undesirable changes .

Compliance with Specifications:

Ensure that the perfume adheres to the specifications outlined in the standards ,including
ingredient concentrations , safety regulations , and any other relevant criteria .

Quality Control Checks:

Review records of quality control checks performed during manufacturing to confirm
that each batch aligns with the established standards .
Step 4 : Determine Need for Corrective Action

Consumer Feedback:
Pay close attention to consumer feedback . If there is a consistent pattern of
dissatisfaction or specific complaints , it indicates potential areas that require corrective
action .

Compliance Checks:
Ensure that the perfume complies with regulatory standards and specifications . Identify
any deviations and take corrective actions to align with safety and quality requirements .

Benchmarking :
Compare the perfume against industry benchmarks and competitors . If your product
falls short in terms of performance or quality , consider adjustments to remain competitive .

Continuous Improvement :
Implement a continuous improvement process to address identified issues systematically .
This may involve refining formulations , enhancing quality control measures , or adjusting
manufacturing protocols .

Step 5 : Determine Need for Corrective Action

Root Cause Analysis:

Investigate the root causes of the deviations . This involves examining the entire
production process , including ingredient selection , formulation , manufacturing , and quality
control . Identify the factors contributing to the discrepancies .

Communication:
If deviations affect product batches already in circulation , communicate transparently
with relevant stakeholders . This includes distributors , retailers , and , if necessary , end
consumers . Provide clear information about the issue , the steps taken to address it , and any
recommended actions .
Training and Skill Development:
If human error is identified as a contributing factor , provide additional training and
skill development opportunities for personnel involved in the perfume manufacturing process
. Ensure that everyone understands the importance of adhering to established standards .

CONTROLLING ( Types of control )

Type 1 : Pre-action Control

Controlling is done at the input level of production which concentrates on the resources of
our product . For example , action that we focusing on are :

i . Financial - Cost of sales for our resources are need to be affordable and profitable for our
company to decrease company's liability .

ii . Material - Product material must be durability and long term so that our perfume product
are longer .

iii . Human - Labours work are assigned with their level of skill , experience , and new
workers .

Type 2 : Steering Control

Focuses meeting standards that company establish for product or service quality or
quantity and what occurs during the work process or the transformation process . Hence ,
steering control is to spot problems and the managers will develop and take corrective action
before final results are achieved .

Type 3 : Screening Control

Screening control relies heavily on feedback processes . It is done through specify

check points that must be successfully passed before an activity proceeds further . Before
proceeding to the next sequence , an activity , product or service must be approved to meet
specific conditions .
Type 4 : Post Action Control

Its focuses on the outputs of the organization of ZASB Group after the process to
measure the result of certain actions . If there are problems , corrective action is undertaken
and applied to future activities .

CONCLUSION

For the whole topics, concluded that our business, ZASB Group are running a production of
AZ perfume to supply and selling it to our customers. This business are running smoothly
with the basic five fundamental of management which are planning, organizing, leading,
motivating and controlling. The five strategic management that we use will keep us on track
and taking risk will not be a problem. First and foremost, our business has the best planning
that include our business vision, mission statement, goals and objectives for our
organization’s existence that are made by top level managers. Besides, standing and single
use plan been created to overcome our company problems that may occur frequently or
unfrequently. Next, our organizing has been structured by our responsible manager to
strength our business performance. All nature of managerial decision making is
predetermined that can be applied or not been decide to whom will be in charge. Thirdly,
motivation approach were decided to help how the employees will be motivated. Last but not
least, leading approach are determined by which our business use. Finally, the control method
adopted are post action control that are action taken from corrective action. This control are
establish by using 5 step in controlling process. By doing all these management function, our
business kindly hope it will make our business performance are way a more better and
became the successful industry in AZ perfume .
 References

1. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-mcc-supervision/chapter/types-of-managers-
and-their-roles/

2. https://www.coursesidekick.com/business/study-guides/introbusinesswmopen/
reading-a-five-step-control-process

3. https://bokastutor.com/types-of-controlling/?amp=1