Q1 a- define the following terms (5)

extractive industry : The Industy in which the pumping out or the extraction of
crude oil and natural gas is done.
primary industry : The Industries which manufacture Raw Materials.
capital: Money
markets: The want/need of something in the area.
tertiary industry: The industry which provides services to the community.

b- name three factors which can make an industry successful, and explain how
they do so. (5)
-Cheap Labour: Easily available Cheap and skilled labour can help the industry earn
more aswell as produce high-quality products.
-Easily Available Raw Materials: Industries that are near raw materials needed by
them can easily be extracted by them and brought to the factory wiithout paying for
transport of raw materials from a further areas.
-Climate: Effecient and clear weather is needed for many industries for instance
the aircraft industry.

Q2 a- describe a tubewell (3)

A tubewell is a type of agricultural equipment used for pumping out groundwater

from feets below the ground , from the tubes conected at the bottom of the well ,
for farming and agriculture.
b- name and describe two government policies (4)
The goverment had let farmers take loans so that they could buy fertilisers for
crops and efficient and modern machinery to help in agriculture i.e tubewells and
tractors.
The government also gave training to un-skilled small scale farmers on how to use
farming machinery like tubewells.
c- why did Dubai decide to build islands? (1)

Dubai decided to build islands to increase its coastline and to attract

tourists.

d- what are the negative effects of tourism in Singapore on the enviroment? (4)
Too much tourism can cause more traffic pollution by having more tourism
busses,cars ,etc roaming around and leaving back harmful petroleum gasses. Tourists
may also pollute areas by throwing trash on roads or streets carelessly and not
going by the rules of keeping areas clean.

Q3 a- what are the consequences of air pollution, and where in Pakistan does it
occur the most? (3)

Pakistan has passed many rules to punish polluters. One making it so far that
polluters had to be pay fees and some industries that would pollute in the area
too much would have to move or shut down.Pollution occurs most in Karachi.
b- other than air pollution, what other types of pollution do industries in
Karachi cause? you must give examples. (4)
Noise pollution by Engineering Factories.
Water pollution by the paper making factory.

c- name three industries forced to close down due to the pollution they caused,
and identify which kind of pollution they caused. (6)
-
 d- name any three natural factors that influence tourism. (3)

Good climate .
Pollution (air/water).
Well mannered citizens.

Q4 a- explain three factors influencing Singapore's Tourist Industry (6)

The strategic destination of Singapore and its efficient and popular airport is a
easy tourist area want for foriegners.
The gorvernment encouraged the Singore Tourism idustry by passing the Singapore
Tourism Promotion Board which increased the number of tourists in Singapore a lot.
Also , the clean and green areas with well built hoterls with upgraded
communication and transport services and well trained staff attracts many tourists
from around the world.

b- name two inputs, two proccesses and two outputs of a Dairy Farm, with a
little bit of detail for each one.(6)
Inputs:
1. A shed for for calves with food troughs on each side.
2.800 female buffaloes , 10 male buffaloes and 15 workers per 100 buffaloes.
Proccesses:
1. The buffaloes are hand-milked twice a day and then are given water to drink from
the water trough in the yard.
2. The dung of the buffaloes is kept and dried.
Outputs:
1.The male buffaloes are sold.
2. 5 liters of milk is made by each milking and after two years the milk supply
runs out, the female calves which were born from the older female buffaloes are
then reared.
c- why does a helicopter fly back and forth between the off shore oil platform
and the mainland? (2)

The helicopter provides necessities for the workers living on the off shore oil
platform such as food and hygeine products that are needed in everyday life.
d- name the top three oil producing countries in the world. (3)
Qatar
USA
Canada/India.
e- what is the capital of Saudi Arabia? What special possessions does Saudi
Arabia have which are the largest in the world? Name two. (3)
-It export Of crude oil.
Its on shore oil terminals at Ghwahar.
Q5- a- how is natural gas distributed? (2)
It is distributed through pipelines which are spread through the country and are
expensive and hard to mantain since they are also in unhabited areas and need to be
rebuilt frequently.

b- describe the process of palm oil extraction? (5)

-The palm tree stems are setrilised by high pressure steam to remove bacteria.
-The palm fruits are then removes from their stalks.
-The palm fruits are boiled to soften.
-The palm oil is extracted from the fruits and purrified.
-The palm oil is then packaged and sent for export or used in factories.
c- how is Iron made? (3)
Iron is made by limestone , ironstone , coke , and air which a fused together in
the blast furnace but before that the coke has to be cleaned in a seperate furnace.
d- how is steel made? (3)
Steel is made by mixing magnese with iron in a furnace. It is then made into other
stuff i.e wires and steel sheets.
e- name the country that is the largest producer of iron steel in the world and
also enlist its importance. (2)
Japan is the largest iron and steel producer even though it itself imports ironeore
from Austrailia
Its biggest Importers are USA,Korea and China.
Q6- a- explain three differences between the formal and informal sectors. (4)
Formal secotrs have more income. It has a ,atleast one week, contract if they
wanted to fire a worker. The working conditions are adjustibal by protests which
goverments take into concern.
Informal sectors have unfair and low incomes .They may be removed from their job on
the spot. No protests are taken into concern by the government or the managers.
b- what are two reasons for small scale tourism in Pakistan (2)

The rude and selfsih attitudes of Pakistans citizens.

The bad and less efficient transport.
c- what is the advantage of islands built in the shape of palms? (2)
The gap between the palms allow the free flow of water so that water can flow in
and out. If there were no spaces in between then the water around the palm islands
would be unhealthy and harmful for marine life and humans aswell.

d- write down the processes of a rubber plantation. (5)

-Coagulation:
Acid is poured on the latex to make it spongy and thick.
-Rolling:
The thick sheets of latex are then rolled into thinner sheets.
Drying: The thin sheets are left to dry.
Smoking: The sheets are then smoked.

e- explain the processes in a thermal power stations.(4)

-Water is pumped into a pipe.
-The water is heated up in the bioler house by coal , oil and gas.
-The water turns into steam.
-The force of the steam turnes the turbines.
-The turbines turn the shaft of the generator.
-The generator produces electricity.

Q7- a- why is there such a large demand for gas? (for what do people want to use
it) (3)
Gas mainly used in chemical factories and is used in Industries and Household uses
such as cooking.It is also used to to fire up Thermal Power stations such as the
one in Guddu.

b.Write down the steps of the blast furnace.