Cell Biology

Theory
Lecture 1
Introduction
A.L Nzar Ibrahim Yousif
 Bio – means life •
logos – to study / the study •

BIOLOGY – is the study of life / •

the study of living things
Biologist – the person who •
studies Biology
 Aristotle – Greek •
philosopher; first
who classified living
things as to air, land,
or water dwellers;
Father of Biology
Galen – Greek •
physician; first to
dissect apes and
pigs; Father of
Anatomy
Andreas Vesalius – •
made the first
dissection on human
anatomy; discovered
Comparative
Anatomy
 William Harvey –
showed conclusively
that the heart pumps
blood and the blood
circulates
Marcello Malphigi – •
Italian physician &
anatomist, founder of
microscopic anatomy
Anton Van •
Leeuwenhoek first
to use microscope;
discovered
microorganisms such
as protozoans called
animalcules
Charles Darwin – •
wrote the book On
the Origin of
Species By Means
of Natural
Selection
2 Major Divisions of
Biology
Botany – the •
study of PLANTS
Zoology – the •
study of
ANIMALS
 Dendrology Study of trees and their
history
Mycology Study of fungi and some
association with plants

Paleontology Study of fossil plants

Phytopathology Study of diseases of

plants

Agriculture Study the principles of botany

in growing food plants

Pomology Study of cultivating fruits

 Paleobotany,
which is the branch of botany dealing
with the recovery and identification of
plant remains from geological
contexts, and their use for the
biological reconstruction of past
environments (paleogeography), and
the evolutionary history of plants, with
a bearing upon the ...
 Study of single class of
Arachnology
invertebrate (scorpions,
spiders, etc.)
Conchology Study of mollusks

Embryology Study of the development

of animal forms

Entomology Study of insects

Herpetology Study of reptiles

Mammalogy Study of mammals

Ornithology Study of birds

Ichthyology
Study of fishes
Anatomy – •
the study of
structures of
entire
organisms and
their parts
Physiology •
– the study of
how the body
and its parts
work
 Ecology –
study of how
organisms interact with
their environment &
with other organisms
Parasitology – the study of •
the organisms that live in or
on other organisms that
caused diseases
Taxonomy – •
the study of the •
classification &
evolutionary
interrelationships among
organisms
– Embryology •
study of the •
development &
growth of
organisms
Cytology – •
the study of the •
structures & functions of
cells
Microbiology – •
the study of microorganisms •
such as bacteria, protozoans,
and viruses
Paleontology – the study of •
fossils, the preserved remains
and traces of organisms from
the past
Genetics – •
the study of how traits are •
inherited & passed on one
generation to the next
Morphology – •
the study of gross structures •
& forms of organisms
Histology – •
study of tissues •