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Part 1: Adverbs

Choose the best answers to complete the following blanks.

Studies have shown that when people read on-screen, they do not understand what they have read as
well as when they read in print. For example, _____ (1), researchers in Spain took a close look at 54
studies comparing digital and print reading. Their 2018 study involved more than 171,000 readers.
Comprehension, they found, was much _____ (2) when people read print rather than digital texts. The
researchers _____ (3) shared the results in the journal Educational Research Review.

Patricia Alexander, a psychologist, studies how we learn. Her research _____ (4) deals with the
differences between reading in print and on-screen. Alexander says students _____ (5) think they
learn more from reading online. When tested, though, it turns out that they _____ (6) learned less
reading online than when reading in print.

Reading is reading, right? Not exactly. Maryanne Wolf _____ (7) works at the University of
California, Los Angeles. This neuroscientist specializes in how the brain reads. Reading is not natural,
she _____ (8) explains. We _____ (9) learn to talk by listening to those around us. It is quite inevitable.
However, learning to read _____ (10) takes hard work. Wolf notes it is because the brain has no
special network of cells just for reading.

1. A. not long ago B. later C. all day

2. A. better B. well C. best

3. A. recently B. yesterday C. tomorrow

4. A. frequently B. more frequently C. most frequently

5. A. often B. better C. well

6. A. actually B. quite C. enough

7. A. currently B. immediately C. soon

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8. A. enthusiastically B. neatly C. beautifully

9. A. automatically B. softly C. generously

10. A. unfortunately B. calmly C. happily

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Part 2: Relative Clause

Choose the best answers to complete the following blanks.

Text 1

Stelios was born in Greece in 1967. He was educated in Athens, and he then studied economics at
the London School of Economics. He drove a Porsche (11)_______ he was only 17. He started his
first business, (12)_____ was a shipping company, when he was 25. He sold it in 2005 for $1.3 billion.
He now has a fortune worth at least $400 million. Stelios, (13)_____ is best-known for creating
EasyJet, has been running this business since 1995. EasyJet is Europe’s largest low-cost airline
(14)_____ has over 100 jets, flying to more than forty destinations. In its lifetime, EasyJet has carried
over 150 million passengers. Over the years, businesses, (15) _____ are all led by Stelios – internet
cafes, travel, leisure, and personal finance have opened many opportunities for him to meet many
people and expand his business empires.

11. A. where B. that C. when

12. A. what B. which C. whose

13. A. who B. whom C. whose

14. A. who B. whose C. that

15. A. who B. where C. which

Text 2

Remember the anchovy and tomato pizza (16)________ you created? For most of us, it takes a long
time to learn how to make something tasty, but not for Remmi Smith. Still a teenager, she has already
created fantastic dishes. She is also becoming well known for her Italian salad dressing, (17)________
is delicious. With her knowledge of social media, she is making sure (18)________ everyone knows
her. Remmi, (19)________ lives in the USA, is just 16. She has already starred in two cookery shows
and has published a book of healthy recipes. From the age of four, Remmi helped in the kitchen by
preparing vegetables. By the age of seven, Remmi was a real foodie who could cook complete meals

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for her family. Remmi’s mother, (20)________ Remmi loves so much, was the one who recorded and
posted Remmi’s touch at the kitchen and made it famous on the social media.

16. A. when B. that C. where

17. A. where B. what C. which

18. A. that B. who C. where

19. A. whom B. who C. which

20. A. whom B. whose C. who

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Part 3: Modals

Choose the best answers to complete the following blanks.

The words "leader" and "leadership" are often used incorrectly to describe people who are actually
managing. These individuals (21) __________ be highly skilled, good at their jobs and valuable to
their organizations, but that just makes them excellent managers, not leaders. A particular danger in
these situations is that people or organizations that are being managed by such an individual or group
think they are being led; but they are not. There (22) __________ actually be no leadership at all, with
no one setting a vision and no one being inspired. This (23) __________ cause serious problems in
the long term.

In business, a vision is a realistic, convincing and attractive depiction of where you want to be in the
future. To create a vision, leaders (24) __________ focus on an organization's strengths by using tools
such as Porter's Five Forces, Core Competence Analysis and SWOT Analysis to analyze their current
situation. They (25) __________ think about how their industry is likely to evolve, and how their
competitors are likely to behave.

Therefore, leadership (26) __________ be proactive; problem solving, looking ahead, and not being
satisfied with things as they are. Once they have developed their visions, leaders (27) _________
make them compelling and convincing. A compelling vision is one that people (28) __________ see,
feel, understand, and embrace. Effective leaders provide a rich picture of what the future will look
like when their visions have been realized. They tell inspiring stories and explain their visions in ways
that everyone can relate to. Leaders (29) __________ ensure that the work needed to deliver the vision
is properly managed either by themselves, or by a dedicated manager or team of managers to whom
the leader delegates this responsibility and they need to ensure that their vision is delivered
successfully. Leaders (30) __________ make sure they manage change effectively. This helps to
ensure that the changes needed to deliver the vision are implemented smoothly and thoroughly.

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21. A may B should C can

22. A may B should C will

23. A has to B must C can

24. A should B can C might

25. A should B must C may

26. A may B has to C must

27. A has to B can C must

28. A can B will C have to

29. A can B must C may

30. A will B should C can

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Part 4: Reported Speech

Choose the best answers to complete the following blanks.

Hasan : Hi, how are you Maria?

Maria : I am fine, Hasan. What about you?
Hasan : I am good. Have you attended today’s workshop on ‘Environmental
Pollution’?
Maria : Yes, I was there. (31) I saw you there too.
Hasan : Yeah. What do you think? What’s the biggest reason behind environmental
pollution?
Maria : (32) Maybe plastic pollution is a big reason, but I am not sure about the
biggest reason. For me, it’s a huge threat to the environment.
: I agree with you. Do you know what impact we are having in the world, due
Hasan to too much plastic pollution?
: Yes. The temperature is being high day by day. (33) The ice is melting and
Maria the sea level is going up.
: These are really threatening for the entire world. How can we get rid of this
Hasan problem?
: We need to stop every type of pollution.
Maria : Do you think it’s possible?
Hasan : Yes, it is possible. (34) A lot of countries in the world have taken proper steps
Maria to reduce pollution.
: Yeah. I think we have to do the same. (35) If we do not take fast action, we
Hasan will not be able to save the animals and the sea world. A huge number of
animals are dying due to plastic and other types of pollution.
: Yeah. We need to make people conscious of this.
Maria : Yeah. Thanks for your good conversation, Maria. See you. Bye.
Hasan : Bye, take care.

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31. I saw you there too.

A. She said that she saw you there.

B. She said that she has seen him there too.
C. She said that she had seen him there too.

32. Maybe plastic pollution is a big reason, but I am not sure about the biggest reason.

A. She said that maybe plastic pollution was a big reason, but I am not sure about the biggest
reason.
B. She said that maybe plastic pollution was a big reason, but she was not sure about the
biggest reason.
C. She said that maybe plastic pollution is a big reason, but I am not sure about the biggest
reason.

33. The ice is melting and the sea level is going up.

A. She said that the ice was melting and the sea level was going up.
B. She said that the ice will be melting and the sea level was going up.
C. She said that the ice is melting and the sea level is going up.

34. A lot of countries in the world have taken proper steps to reduce pollution.

A. She said that a lot of countries in the world had taken proper steps to reduce pollution.
B. She said that a lot of countries in the world have taken proper steps to reduce pollution.
C. She said that a lot of countries in the world took proper steps to reduce pollution.

35. If we do not take fast action, we will not be able to save the animals and the sea world.

A. He said that if they did not take fast action then, they would not be able to save the animals
and the sea world.
B. He said that if they do not take fast action, they would not be able to save the animals and the
sea world.
C. He said that if they do not take fast action, they will not be able to save the animals and the
sea world.

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Reporting Verbs

Choose the best answers to complete each of the following blank.

Papert and Harel (2020) (36) __________ constructivism’s connotation of learning as building
knowledge structure. Vygotsky (2019) (37)__________ that students shall maximize learning when
they get into the zone of proximal development (ZPD) where they co-construct knowledge by the
means of sharing information in a social context. Heather (2018) (38)__________ collaborative
learners work on the learning task for knowledge building together. At the same time, in 2019, the
National Education Department (39)__________ that collaborative learning can also help students
to exchange knowledge between peers and lecturers in order to build a new understanding of the
unknown material before the collaboration takes place. In addition, Joseph (2019) (40)__________
in collaborative learning, the role of the lecturer will be more as a facilitator who moderates and guides
discussions, not as the dominator of the whole session as claimed by other researchers,

36. Reporting verb (Neutral)

A. reported
B. claimed
C. pointed out

37. Reporting verb (Tentative)

A. claimed
B. stated
C. suggested

38. Reporting verb (Neutral)

A. reported
B. believed
C. proposed

39. Reporting verb (Neutral)

A. suggested
B. stated
C. challenged

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40. Reporting verb (Strong)
A. argued
B. assumed
C. indicated

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Part 5: Verbs and Passive

Choose the best answer to complete the following blanks.

Text 1

A flood can happen in a multitude of ways. Excessive rain, a ruptured dam, rapid melting of snow or
ice, or even an unfortunately placed beaver dam can overwhelm a river, spreading over the adjacent
land, called a floodplain. Coastal flooding (41) __________ when a large storm or tsunami causes the
sea to surge inland.
Most floods take hours or even days to develop, giving residents time to prepare or evacuate. Others,
however, (42) __________ quickly and with little warning. So-called flash floods can be extremely
dangerous, instantly turning a dry wash into rushing rapids that sweep everything in their path
downstream.
The increase in temperatures that accompanies global warming can contribute to hurricanes that move
more slowly and drop more rain, that (43) __________ to heavy rains and flooding in California in
early 2019.
Meanwhile, melting glaciers and other factors are contributing to a rise in sea levels that (44)
_________ long-term, chronic flooding risks for places ranging from Venice, Italy to the Marshall
Islands since the year 2000. Flooding, particularly in river floodplains, is as natural as rain and (45)
__________ for millions of years. Famously fertile floodplains such as the Mississippi Valley, the
Nile River Valley in Egypt, and the Tigris-Euphrates in the Middle East (46) __________ agriculture
for millennia because annual flooding has left tons of nutrient-rich silt deposits behind. Humans (47)
__________ the risk of death and damage by increasingly building homes, businesses, and
infrastructure in vulnerable floodplains.
In order to mitigate the risk, many governments (48) __________ that residents of flood-prone areas
(49) __________ flood insurance and set construction requirements aimed at making buildings more
flood resistant with varying degrees of success. Massive efforts to mitigate and redirect inevitable
floods (50) __________ in some of the most ambitious engineering efforts ever seen, including New
Orleans's extensive levee system and dams in the Netherlands, completed in 2015.

41. A. has been occured B. occured C. occurs

42. A. generate B. has been generated C. generated

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43. A. lead B. had led C. led
44. A. has been created B. has created C. created
45. A. occured B. has occured C. occurs
46. A. supported B. have supported C. has been supported
47. A. increased B. have increased C. has increased
48. A. mandate B. has mandated C. mandated
49. A. purchase B. purchased C. was purchased
50. A. have resulted B. has resulted C. resulted

Text 2

Processing coffee involves a lot of careful steps to ensure that the quality stays high. Cocoa beans (51)
___________ in silos or warehouses in their original sacks. Imported raw cocoa (52) ___________
to strict quality control. Silos, measuring from 40 to 120 feet in height can store up to 1000 tons or
more. The raw cocoa (53) ___________ by powerful vacuums and fed into the silos.
The storage area (54) must ___________ from the rest of the building to protect the sensitive beans
from strong odours that might be absorbed. The process of making chocolate starts with the cocoa
beans being passed through a machine that removes dried cocoa pulp, pieces of pod and other
extraneous material. The beans (55) ___________ and blended according to specifications. Finally,
the last vestiges of wood, jute fibres, sand, and even the finest dust (56) ___________ by powerful
vacuum equipment. The separated cocoa bean husks (57) ___________ to the chemical industry
which extracts valuable compounds. To bring out the characteristic chocolate aroma, the beans (58)
___________ in large rotary cylinders. Although all steps are important, proper roasting is one of
the keys to good flavor. The cocoa beans (59) ___________ quickly and their thin shells, which have
become brittle by roasting, are removed. A giant winnowing machine that passes the beans between
serrated cones so they (60) ___________ rather than crushed.

51. A. are stored B. are being stored C. have been stored

52. A. is subjected B. is being subjected C. has been subjected
53. A. is sucked up B. is being sucked up C. has been sucked up
54. A. be isolated B. have been isolated C. are being isolated
55. A. are weighed B. are being weighed C. have been weighed
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56. A. are extracted B. have been extracted C. are being extracted
57. A. are passed on B. have been passed C. are being passed
58. A. are roasted B. are being roasted C. have been roasted
59. A. are cooled B. have been cooled C. are being cooled
60. A. are cracked B. are being cracked C. have been cracked

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Part 6: Subordinating Conjunction

Choose the best answers to complete the following blanks.

According to a study, boys who regularly play video games are less likely to develop depressive
symptoms __________ (61) girls who spend more time on social media appear to develop more
depressive symptoms __________ (62) those who spend lesser. This suggests that less active boys
could derive more enjoyment and social interaction from video games __________ (63) the girls are
more likely to be affected emotionally from the social media.

The study was conducted by a group of researchers from Sweden Institute __________ (64) many
studies in Clinical Child Psychology have been actively conducted. The findings demonstrate how
different types of screen time can positively or negatively influence young people's mental health.
__________ (65) their study cannot confirm __________ (66) there is a causal relationship between
screen time and mental health, it is evident that there are some positive aspects of video games which
could support mental health such as problem-solving and cooperative elements.

There may also be other explanations for the link between social media and depression, such as
differences in social contact or parenting styles, __________ (67) the researchers did not have data
for. They also did not have data on hours of screen time per day, __________ (68) they could not
confirm whether multiple hours of screen time each day could impact depression risks.

__________ (69) the relationship between screen time and mental health is complex, we need more
research to help us understand it. As such, guidelines and recommendations about screen time should
be based on our understanding of how these different activities might influence mental health.
Evaluation should also be made to determine ___________(70) that influence is meaningful.

Adapted from: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/02/210218201158.htm

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61. A as B that C while

62. A if B as C than

63. A whereas B which C whenever

64. A so that B where C until

65. A Even though B While C After

66. A even though B if C unless

67. A although B that C while

68. A so B as if C since

69. A As soon as B Since C Until

70. A whether B as C because

-TAMAT-

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