System Analysis and Design: Academic Portal of Falcon College

SYSTEM ANALYSIS
AND DESIGN
ACADEMIC PORTAL OF FALCON COLLEGE
Niraj Yadac
ISMT COLLEGE THIRD SEMESTER | TINKUNE, GAIRIGAU
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SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Contents
Task 1 ..................................................................................................................................................... 4
Introduction: ........................................................................................................................................ 4
WATERFALL MODEL: ................................................................................................................. 5
SPIRAL MODEL: ........................................................................................................................... 8
RAD Models: - .................................................................................................................................. 10
AGILE METHOD: ........................................................................................................................ 12
PROTOTYPE MODEL: ................................................................................................................ 14
DYNAMIC SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT METHOD (DSDM): ...................................................... 15
Conclusion: ....................................................................................................................................... 17
REFERENCES...................................................................................................................................... 17
Task 2 ................................................................................................................................................... 18
Introduction: ...................................................................................................................................... 19
1. Planning:................................................................................................................................ 20
2. Feasibility Study: ................................................................................................................... 21
Feasibility study includes four tests and they are .................................................................................... 21
3. System Analysis ..................................................................................................................... 23
4. System Design ....................................................................................................................... 24
5. Implementation ...................................................................................................................... 26
6. Testing and Review ................................................................................................................ 26
7. Maintenance........................................................................................................................... 26
Conclusion: ....................................................................................................................................... 27
Task 3 ................................................................................................................................................... 27
Introduction: ...................................................................................................................................... 28
Purpose: ............................................................................................................................................ 28
Document Structure: .......................................................................................................................... 28
Intended Audience: ............................................................................................................................ 28
Feasibility Criteria: ............................................................................................................................ 29
Outcomes: ......................................................................................................................................... 32
Possible Solution: .......................................................................................................................... 32
Possible Feasible Solutions: ........................................................................................................... 33
Evaluation Criteria: ........................................................................................................................ 34
Conclusion: ........................................................................................................................................... 34
Task 4 ................................................................................................................................................... 35
Introduction: ...................................................................................................................................... 35
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Fact-finding Techniques ................................................................................................................ 36

a) Interview: ............................................................................................................................... 36
b) Observation:........................................................................................................................... 36
c) Investigation: ......................................................................................................................... 36
d) Questionnaires: ...................................................................................................................... 37
d) Focus group ........................................................................................................................... 37
Importance of Feasibility Criteria ................................................................................................... 37
Feasibility Criteria ......................................................................................................................... 38
Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................ 40
Task 5 ................................................................................................................................................... 40
Introduction: ...................................................................................................................................... 40
Exiting System Investigation: ........................................................................................................ 41
Investigation of the new system and its design: .............................................................................. 41
Quality assurance........................................................................................................................... 45
General limitations ........................................................................................................................ 46
Designing New System .................................................................................................................. 47
Conclusion: ....................................................................................................................................... 48
Task 6 ................................................................................................................................................... 48
Introduction: ...................................................................................................................................... 48
Use Case Diagrams: ....................................................................................................................... 49
Context Diagram: .......................................................................................................................... 50
Data Flow Diagram: ...................................................................................................................... 51
E-R DIAGRAM............................................................................................................................. 53
Conclusion: ....................................................................................................................................... 54
Task 7 ................................................................................................................................................... 54
Introduction: ...................................................................................................................................... 54
Purpose.......................................................................................................................................... 55
System requirements: ..................................................................................................................... 56
Feasibility Analysis: ...................................................................................................................... 57
System Development Life Cycle .................................................................................................... 58
Data collection Process: ................................................................................................................. 62
Constraints .................................................................................................................................... 63
System analysis tools ..................................................................................................................... 64
Gantt chart:.................................................................................................................................... 64
Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 65
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Recommendation ........................................................................................................................... 65
Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 65
REFERENCES...................................................................................................................................... 65
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Task 1
Evaluate different systems lifecycle models [1.1, M1]

Consider: SDLC models: Waterfall, Spiral, Prototyping, RAD, Agile and DSDM models.
In order to achieve M1, your writing need to demonstrate that an effective approach to study
and research has been applied when evaluating different systems lifecycle models.
Introduction:
When detailing about the term system development life cycle, M. Rouse (2009) states that
“System development life cycle (SDLC) is a conceptual model used in project management that
describes the stages involved in an information system development project, from an initial
feasibility study through maintenance of completed application.” M. Rouse (2009) tries to explain
that SDLC (system development life cycle) is a type of model which defines the stages through
which an information system project has to pass to complete the system project. There are several
methods by which the process involved in the SDLC is made easier with its own perks as well as
disadvantages. Some of them, namely waterfall model (the original SDLC method), incremental
model, spiral model, agile method, dynamic system development method (DSDM), etc. M. Rouse
(2009) describes that some or several of the SDLC models are combined together to create a new
and hybrid methodology. Different models are suitable for various types of projects or systems.
But there are basic set of rules that each of these models have to follow which are enlisted below.
1. The existing system is evaluated and deficiency identified. This can be done by
interviewing the users of system.
2. New system requirements are defined and the deficiencies of the existing system must be
addressed with specific proposals.
3. The proposed system is designed. Plans are forwarded concerning hardware, software,
networking, programming, security, etc.
4. The new components and programs must be obtained and installed.
5. The system is up to date.
6. Maintenance must be done with the updating of the system with latest modifications and
procedures.
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WATERFALL MODEL:
Waterfall model is the first and most popular methodology which illustrates the software
development process in a linear sequential flow. It means that in this methodology, the next step
is followed only when the previous and foremost step is completed. These steps are also known as
different phases. The waterfall model has certain number of phases that needs to be completed in
the particular order to complete the methodology for the SDLC. The phases that a waterfall model
has to follow consists of some of the most important steps for the ease of SDLC process of which
some of the points that follows are conception, initiation, design and analysis, maintenance, etc.
Fig – Waterfall model phases
The above figure explains the waterfall model which follows a certain method of progress which
is to complete each step and move on to the next step. Since there is no coming back to the previous
step, waterfall model methodology has to be done carefully.
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Waterfall Model Phases:

1. Conception:
Conception is the first and basic phase of waterfall model which involves the identification of
goals to be achieved and the changes needed to be made for the existing system. This phase
involves the developing of business project.
2. Initiation:
Initiation is the second phase of the waterfall model in which detailed study of the users is done
and finding the alternative solutions to the requirements for the new system. Justification to the
need of new system and the improvements are to be done in this phase.
3. Analysis:
In the analysis part study and expectations on the new system is done and then halted so that the
analyst can perform his task of improved system without further needs and future disturbances.
4. Design:
The design phase involves translating of the identified requirements into logical structure termed
as designs which can be implemented in a programming logic.
5. Construction:
The construction phase of the waterfall model involves the testing of all the modules developed in
the previous phases of the methodology.
6. Integration and Testing:
In the Integration and testing phase of the waterfall model, integration and testing of all the
previous phases and modules are to be checked in the overall new system which is ready to be
launched.
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7. Implementation and maintenance:
Impletation and maintenance phase explains the need of converting the designed system into
operation as a new system. The changes in the hardware, software, security, networking and
programming parts of the new system is to notified to the users and clients.
Advantages of waterfall model:

1. The phases of waterfall model are arranged so that it makes it easy and yet powerful
methodology.
2. Because of such an arranged methodology, it contributes in taking less time and cost to the
project development.
3. The clients are asked to properly define the list of system requirements which cannot be
changed in later time, which makes it easier for the analyst to work better.
Disadvantages of waterfall model:

1. As all the requirements have to be specified in the beginning of the methodology, no error
can be made.
2. Changes are not possible in the waterfall model so particular amount of time should be
given to each phases and ensuring of each phase to be 100% complete.
3. Because technology and equipment’s are every advancing, it is difficult to keep updating
the system to the latest as the waterfall model takes some amount of time to complete.
Strengths:
1. It is easy to use but at the same time is powerful to design required systems.
2. This software process model is less time consuming.
3. Since the designing process cannot be interfered, changes cannot be made in the process
thus making it cost efficient and easy work for the designers.
Weaknesses:
1. A single error can lead to the overall debugging or rebuilding of the system.
2. As previous stages in the designing process cannot be altered, specific time should be
allocated so that the system is delivered on time.
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When to use the waterfall model:

1. This model is used only when the requirements are very well known, clear and fixed.
2. Product definition is stable.
3. Technology is understood.
4. There are no ambiguous requirements
5. Ample resources with required expertise are available freely
6. The project is short
SPIRAL MODEL:
Spiral model of the SDLC is considered to be similar to incremental model where the advantage
is the management of risk management. There are specifically four different phases in the spiral
model where the component of a new system is passed into each of these phases in a circular
method.
Fig: Spiral model diagram.
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Phases of Spiral Model:
Planning:
In the planning phase of the spiral model, plans are laid down on how the requirements of a new
system are to be made. Similar to the other models, requirements are noted and then the planning
phase starts.
Risk analysis:
After planning for the new system requirements, risk analysis phase kicks in where the risks and
limitations of the system is considered and dealt with.
Engineering:
Similar to the other models design and analysis phase, the engineering phase deals with making
logical design and presentation of the new system. Along with it, it also discusses in detail about
the component that are taking part in the engineering phase.
Evaluation:
In the evaluation phase, the new design and system is repeatedly tested and analysis is done in a
more precise format.
Advantages of Spiral Model:

1. As this model is mostly related to the risk analysis, the risks are greatly reduced.
2. This project is good for large project.
3. The software design can be achieved early on in the life cycle.
4. Maintenance can be done easily.
Disadvantages of Spiral Model:

1. Regardless of being easy to use, the cost of this model can be very high.
2. The success of the project is dependent on the risk analysis phase.
3. The spiral model is not fit for smaller projects having one of a disadvantage of being costly.
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When to use the waterfall model:
1. When costs and risk evaluation is important  For average to high-risk projects
2. Long-term project commitment unwise because of potential changes to economic priorities
 Users are unsure of their needs
3. Requirements are complex
4. New product line
5. Significant changes are expected (research and exploration)
RAD Models: -
Fast Application Development (RAD) is fundamentally like the incremental model and waterfall
show. It ought to be finished in the particular day and age. It is reasonable for little venture where
all the data is accumulated before beginning undertaking. This procedure runs comparing with co-
operation with customer and designers. Each of the models is conveyed to the customer with
working usefulness and changes made in light of the customer's input (Testingfreak.com, 2015).
The principle objective or RAD Model is to make the reusability of the created parts.
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Phases of RAD Model:

1. Business Modeling:
In this phase the information flow is identified between different business functions.
2. Data Modeling:
Information gathered from business modeling is used to define data objects that are
needed for the business.
3. Process modeling:
Data objects define in data modeling are converted to achieve the business
information flow to achieve some specific business objective. Description are
identified and created for CRUD of data objects.
4. Application generation:
Automated tools are used to convert process model into code and actual system.
5. Testing and turnover:
Test new components and all the interfaces.
Advantages of RAD Models:-

 It reduced the time to develop the system, and fewer people are needs to complete the
cycle.
 In this model, quick initial reviews occur.
 Through this process, it encourages the Consumer’s feedback.
 It uses the modeling concept to capture information about business, data and process.
 This kind of models has the low technical risk.
Disadvantages of RAD Models:-

 Following this process may needs the quick response to the user.
 This model requires a system that can be modularized.
 It is hard to use for the clients for legacy system.
 Developers and customers must be committed to rapid-fire activities in an abbreviated
time frame.
 This approach does not work properly if high performance is a major issue, and
performance is to be achieved through tuning the interface to system components
(technotrice.com , 2015)
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When to use RAD models:

1. RAD should be used when there is a need to create a system that can be modularized in 2-
3 months of time.
2. It should be used if there’s high availability of designers for modeling and the budget is high
enough to afford their cost along with the cost of automated code generating tools.
3. RAD SDLC model should be chosen only if resources with high business knowledge are
available and there is a need to produce the system in a short span of time (2-3 months).
AGILE METHOD:
Agile method of SDLC is supposed to be the combination of two or more models along with
incremental model which focuses more on components of the new system. Agile method argues
that each project of the component pieces needs to be handled differently and the existing system
needs to be properly analyzed.
Fig: Agile method.
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The above figure illustrates the graphical presentation of the agile method. Each of the processes
and task are divided into time boxes and different components are made for them. With each time
box, the components of agile method of SDLC are planning, requirement analysis, designing,
building and testing.
Components of Agile method:

Planning:
Planning is the first and foremost process of the agile method where as the name suggests, plans
regarding the new system and the working method is taken into notes.
Requirement analysis:
In this phase of agile method, the requirements of the new system are taken into notes and then put
into analysis on how to solve the task.
Designing and building:
In designing phase, a logical representation of the new system is designed which can contain bugs.
Whereas in the building phase, logical representation is carefully examined and its components
are further looked upon.
Testing:
In the testing phase, the design is checked for bugs and crashes and then considered to put in real
world works. It is so that the new system can be examined in detail.
Advantages of Agile method:

1. It has a realistic advancement to software development.
2. The resources cost required for this method is very minimum.
3. Agile method of SDLC is very useful for changing environment.
4. Changes can be made easily even with lesser time frame.
Disadvantages of agile method:

1. Agile method of SDLC is not suitable for managing complex reliance.
2. More risks of maintenance are seen when implemented.
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3. This method depends entirely on the user for managing each component.
When to Use Agile Mode:
 When new changes are needed to be implemented. The freedom agile gives to change is very
important. New changes can be implemented at very little cost because of the frequency of new
increments that are produced.
 To implement a new feature the developers need to lose only the work of a few days, or even
only hours, to roll back and implement it.
PROTOTYPE MODEL:
A prototype is defined as something that is similar to the original one. “In software development,
a prototype is a rudimentary working model of a product or information system, usually built for
demonstration purposes or as part of the development process (Rouse, 2005).” In this model, a
prototype is made first and based on this, the final system is developed. A prototype acts as a
sample to test the process of the components.
Fig: Prototype model
Advantages of Prototype Model:

1. Prototype model develops better user involvement for requirements or feedbacks.
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2. Time and cost can be saved as the bugs can be found easily.
3. Any component that is not listed can be easily found.
4. Since the user is involved in this model, he/she can have a better understanding of the work.
Disadvantage of prototype model:

1. There is a risk of insufficient requirement and analysis phases.
2. Client may get confused on difference of a prototype and a new system.
3. Developers and other system analyst may not use the existing prototype to make their new
system.
When to Used Prototyping Model:

1. Prototype model should be used when the desired system needs to have a lot of interaction
with the end users.
2. Typically, online systems, web interfaces have a very high amount of interaction with end
users, are best suited for Prototype model. It might take a while for a to be built that allows
ease of use and needs minimal training for the end user.
DYNAMIC SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT METHOD (DSDM):

Dynamic system development method is a software development process that provides a
framework for building and maintaining system that meets time constraints through use
incremental prototype SDLC for a controlled project management. This method is mostly practiced
for systems that are to be developed in short time where the requirements cannot be frozen after
starting the building process. In dynamic system development method (DSDM), analysis, design
and other development phases may overlap each other.
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Fig: Dynamic system development method.
Phase of DSDM Model:
 Pre -Project:
Include project suggestion and selection of a proposed project candidate.
 Feasibility Study:
Definition of the problem to be addressed, assessments of the likely cost and
technical feasibility of delivering of a computer system to solve the business
problem
 Business Study
This stage examines the influenced business processes, user groups involved and
their respective needs and wishes.
 FIM (Functional Model Iteration):
The focus is on refining and studying the business-based aspects of the computer
system.
 Design and Build Iteration:
The software is designed and developed in iterations. In each iteration a design
model is made of the area being developed, and then that area is coded and
reviewed.
 Implementation:
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Finalized the software, documentation is written and comparing the requirement with
their fulfillments in the software. The user are trained in how to use the system and
the users give approval to the system.
 Post-project:
Measurements on how the deployed system is performing and if any further
enhancement are required.
Advantages of DSDM model:

1. Results of DSDM are directly and promptly visible.
2. The system is delivered on time and on budget.
3. Users have the ability to affect the projects design and direction.
4. Project will give signs of its effectiveness before the completion of system rather than
having a surprise at the end.
Disadvantages of DSDM model:

1. DSDM stresses communication and collaboration between designers and users.
2. Since the user will have to pay for the system design to the designers, active indulgence of
the users will be low.
Conclusion:
The above discussed topics are the main lifecycle options a system designer has to choose
from when dealing with real time work where they have to design, analyse and implement various
systems to work in an environment. Hence, the advantages and disadvantages were also discussed
for each lifecycle. It seems that the most efficient way to work in a real environment while creating
a system is by following the Agile method because this system lifecycle has the least disadvantages
of the rest.
REFERENCES
I. References Task 1:
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1. Alwan, M. What is System Development Life Cycle?. [online] Airbrake.io. Available at:
https://airbrake.io/blog/insight/what-is-systemdevelopment-life-cycle [Accessed 5 May.
2017].
2. Istqbexamcertification.com. What is Waterfall model- advantages, disadvantages and when
to use it?. [online] Available at: http://istqbexamcertification.com/what-is-waterfall-model-
advantagesdisadvantages-and-when-to-use-it/ [Accessed 5 May. 2017].
3. Istqbexamcertification.com. What is Spiral model- advantages, disadvantages and when to
use it?. [online] Available at: http://istqbexamcertification.com/what-is-spiral-model-
advantagesdisadvantages-and-when-to-use-it/ [Accessed 5 May. 2017].
5. Istqbexamcertification.com. What is RAD model- advantages, disadvantages and when to
use it?. [online] Available at: Roshan Shrestha (BSc.IT/Second Semester) 19 Systems Analysis
and Design http://istqbexamcertification.com/what-is-rad-model-advantagesdisadvantages-
and-when-to-use-it/ [Accessed 5 May. 2017].
6. Dsdmofagilemethodology.wikidot.com. Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM) -
AGILE Methods of Software Development. [online] Available at:
http://dsdmofagilemethodology.wikidot.com/ [Accessed 5 May. 2017].
7. Anon [online] Available at: http://www.slideshare.net/mayjoyce89/dynamic-system-
developmentmethod?related=1 [Accessed 5 May. 2017].
II. Figure References Task 1
1. Istqbexamcertification.com [online] Available at: http://istqbexamcertification.com/wp-

content/uploads/2012/01/Spiralmodel.jpg [Accessed 5 May. 2017].
2. Taptaptap.com,[online] Available at: http://taptaptap.com/blog/media/the-design-
session/SketchBookSmall.jpg [Accessed 5 May. 2017].
3. Istqbexamcertification.com [online] Available at: http://istqbexamcertification.com/wp-
content/uploads/2012/01/Prototypemodel.jpg [Accessed 5 May. 2017]
Task 2
Discuss the importance of following a procedural/staged life cycle in a systems investigation.
[1.2, M2]
Consider: Your writing needs to discuss the importance of following Procedural/Staged life cycle
which must include the following: (Planning, Feasibility study, Analysis, Design, Implementation,
Testing and Review, Deployment, Maintenance).
In order to achieve M2, your writing need to demonstrate that a range of information have
been used when discussing the importance of following a procedural/staged lifecycle in system
investigation.
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Introduction:
Software Development Life Cycle or SDLC can be defined as a systematic approach for the
development or design of a reliable high quality information system as the requirement. It’s a
process for the development of software forth taken for the systematic approach. The main idea of
implementing the System Development Life Cycle is to develop the order in which a system is
developed from many of its phases such as prototypes, designs, implementations, reviews, tests,
and performances.
Working as a system analyst, our main work field and study deals with System Analysis and
Design. System analysis and design is a problem solving technique that decomposes and
reassembles a system into component pieces and back for the purpose of studying after the adding,
changing and deleting pieces of original system. The sole purpose of system analysis and design
is to create a new and improved system after all the analysis and reassembling. A system is
anything in the environment which works in a specific set of rules. With a set of nine distinct
characteristics, a system is an interrelated collection of business procedures used with-in one
business unit working together for a singular purpose.
The system development life cycle framework provides a sequence of activities for system
designers and developers to follow. It consists of a set of steps or phases in which each phase of
the SDLC uses the results of the previous one.
The SDLC adheres to important phases that are essential for developers, such
as planning, analysis, design, and implementation, and are explained in the section below. It
includes evaluation of present system, information gathering, feasibility study and request
approval. A number of SDLC models have been created: waterfall, fountain, spiral, build and fix,
rapid prototyping, incremental, synchronize and stabilize. The oldest of these, and the best
known, is the waterfall model: a sequence of stages in which the output of each stage becomes
the input for the next. These stages can be characterized and divided up in different ways,
including the following:
 Planning
 Feasibility Study
 Analysis
 Design
 Implementation
 Testing
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 Review
 Maintenance
1. Planning:
The objective of phase 1 is to conduct a preliminary analysis, propose alternative solutions,

describe costs and benefits and submit a preliminary plan with recommendations.
1. Conduct the preliminary analysis: in this step, we need to find out the
organization's objectives and the nature and scope of the problem under study.
Even if a problem refers only to a small segment of the organization itself, you
need to find out what the objectives of the organization itself are. Then you need
to see how the problem being studied fits in with them.
2. Propose alternative solutions: In digging into the organization's objectives and
specific problems, you may have already covered some solutions. Alternate
proposals may come from interviewing employees, clients, suppliers, and/or
consultants. You can also study what competitors are doing. With this data, you
will have three choices: leave the system as is, improve it, or develop a new
system.
3. Describe the costs and benefits.
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After analyzing this data you will have three choices: develop a new system,
improve the current system or leave the system as it is (Alwan, 2015).
2. Feasibility Study:
Feasibility is the method in which calculations are made to calculate and determine if a
particular system lifecycle is worth doing and if it will bring out the required results. The
process in which the system is determined to test the output before hand for best results
is known as feasibility study. After a proposal for a system is viewed by the system
designer and analyst, it becomes a method that makes way for the actual design and
implementation. This is a crucial decision point in the life cycle because many projects
die here. Although projects which have more promising results continue toward the
implementation phase. Changes in the proposal are made in writing, depending on the
complexity, size, and cost of the project. Some of the advantages of doing a feasibility
study for a system are:
1. Investigates the hardware and software needs for the system.

2. Investigates the cost of developing the system.
3. Tests how the system would work on certain environments.
4. Tests if the new system works with new computer and OS.
5. Time period is also allocated for the system.
Feasibility study includes four tests and they are:
Feasibility study can be done by four basic types which helps us to come up with a pre-procedure
result in making out if the system will be working and its condition as well. In this case, analysis
of the system should first be made which consists of various steps and phases to determine the
needs and requirements. But it can still wait for after the product system is approved to develop
after feasibility analysis. Hence, most designers opt feasibility beforehand the product is made to
prevent resources in case the system making dies. The types of feasibility study are as follows:
1. Operational Feasibility:
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Operational feasibility is the identification of system software specification on how well it

the software provides help to solve the problem. It satisfies the system requirements as well
as it tells how well the opportunities are identified during the scope definition and problem
analysis phase. Most commonly, this feasibility analysis is done in phase 2 or phase 3 when
the system gets its approval after the analysis of time and cost spent on the system. Thus
only then, when the system gets approved and the time to design is allocated, the
specification for software and hardware requirements are then made for the minimum and
maximum performance graph of the system.
2. Technical Feasibility:
Technical feasibility is the test where virtual environment of the system is taken into
consideration of the specific technical solution and to maintain or implement available
technical resources. Technical feasibility looks at what processes are practical and
reasonable. Some of the common questions that arise when addressing technical issue are
 Is the proposed system solution practical?

 Do we currently possess the necessary requirements?
 Do we possess the necessary technical expertise?
3. Economic Feasibility:
Economic feasibility is the key for many projects which analyze the economic factor that
accounts to little more than judging whether the project benefits or loses money after
deploying the system. This feasibility analysis helps to determine the benefits and savings
that are expected from designing system and compares them with the ratio of costs and
Benefits. Most decisions for the system if it is working are then made to Design and
Implement the system.
4. Schedule Feasibility:
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Schedule feasibility is the analysis which shows the amount of time a project is capable to
take. Initially, every project has a specific deadline allocated which is necessary to
determine whether the time specified is enough. For instance, a project to develop a system
to meet a new policy reporting regulation may have deadlines of a week to complete. This
feasibility analysis helps to calculate if the time allocated is enough or too long. It also
gives the designers a better view of when the initialization of the system can take place.
3. System Analysis
The end-user’s requirements should be determined and documented, what their

expectations are for the system, and how it will perform. A feasibility study will be
made for the project as well, involving determining whether it’s organizationally,
economically, socially, technologically feasible. It’s very important to maintain strong
communication level with the clients to make sure you have a clear vision of the
finished product and its function.
The development of a computer-based information system includes a system analysis
phase. This helps produce the data model, a precursor to creating or enhancing
a database. There are a number of different approaches to system analysis. When a
computer-based information system is developed, system analysis (according to
the Waterfall model) would constitute the following steps:
 The development of a feasibility study: determining whether a project is

economically, socially, technologically and organizationally feasible
 Fact-finding measures, designed to ascertain the requirements of the system's
end-users (typically involving interviews, questionnaires, or visual observations
of work on the existing system)
 Gauging how the end-users would operate the system (in terms of general
experience in using computer hardware or software), what the system would be
used for and so on
Another view outlines a phased approach to the process. This approach breaks system
analysis into 5 phases:
 Scope Definition: denoting an instrument for observing, viewing, or

examining
 Problem analysis: analyzing the problem that arises
 Requirements analysis: determining the conditions that need to be met
 Logical design: looking at the logical relationship among the objects
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 Decision analysis: making a final decision

Use cases are widely used system analysis modeling tools for identifying and
expressing the functional requirements of a system. Each use case is a business scenario
or event for which the system must provide a defined response. Use cases evolved from
object-oriented analysis.
4. System Design
After analysis the customer’s requirements the design phase will come. This phase
defines the elements of a system, the components, the security level, modules,
architecture and the different interfaces and type of data that goes through the system.
A general system design can be done with a pen and a piece of paper to determine how
the system will look like and how it will function, and then a detailed and expanded
system design is produced, and it will meet all functional and technical requirements,
logically and physically (Alwan, 2015).
If the broader topic of product development "blends the perspective of marketing, design,
and manufacturing into a single approach to product development," then design is the act
of taking the marketing information and creating the design of the product to be
manufactured. Systems design is therefore the process of defining and
developing systems to satisfy specified requirements of the user.
Until the 1990s, systems design had a crucial and respected role in the data
processing industry. In the 1990s, standardization of hardware and software resulted in
the ability to build modular systems. The increasing importance of software running on
generic platforms has enhanced the discipline of software engineering.
Object-oriented analysis and design methods are becoming the most widely used methods
for computer systems design. The UML has become the standard language in object-
oriented analysis and design. It is widely used for modeling software systems and is
increasingly used for high designing non-software systems and organizations.
 Architectural design:
The architectural design of a system emphasizes the design of the system
architecture that describes the structure, behavior and more views of that
system and analysis.
 Logical design
The logical design of a system pertains to an abstract representation of the
data flows, inputs and outputs of the system. This is often conducted via
modelling, using an over-abstract (and sometimes graphical) model of the
actual system. In the context of systems, designs are included. Logical design
includes entity-relationship diagrams (ER diagrams).
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 Physical design
The physical design relates to the actual input and output processes of
the system. This is explained in terms of how data is input into a system,
how it is verified/authenticated, how it is processed, and how it is
displayed. In physical design, the following requirements about the
system are decided.
 Input requirement,
 Output requirements,
 Storage requirements,
 Processing requirements,
 System control and backup or recovery.

Put another way, the physical portion of system design can generally be
broken down into three sub-tasks:
 User Interface Design
 Data Design
 Process Design
User Interface Design is concerned with how users add information to
the system and with how the system presents information back to them.
Data Design is concerned with how the data is represented and stored
within the system. Finally, Process Design is concerned with how data
moves through the system, and with how and where it is validated,
secured and/or transformed as it flows into, through and out of the
system. At the end of the system design phase, documentation describing
the three sub-tasks is produced and made available for use in the next
phase.
Physical design, in this context, does not refer to the tangible physical
design of an information system. To use an analogy, a personal
computer's physical design involves input via a keyboard, processing
within the CPU, and output via a monitor, printer, etc. It would not
concern the actual layout of the tangible hardware, which for a PC would
be a monitor, CPU, motherboard, hard drive, modems, video/graphics
cards, USB slots, etc. It involves a detailed design of a user and a
product database structure processor and a control processor. The H/S
personal specification is developed for the proposed system.
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5. Implementation
This phase comes after a complete understanding of system requirements and

specifications, it’s the actual construction process after having a complete and
illustrated design for the requested system. In the Software Development Life Cycle,
the actual code is written here, and if the system contains hardware, then the
implementation phase will contain configuration and fine-tuning for the hardware to
meet certain requirements and functions.
6. Testing and Review
Bringing different components and subsystems together to create the whole integrated
system, and then introducing the system to different inputs to obtain and analyze its
outputs and behavior and the way it functions. Testing is becoming more and more
important to ensure customer’s satisfaction, and it requires no knowledge in coding,
hardware configuration or design. Testing can be performed by real users, or by a
team of specialized personnel, it can also be systematic and automated to ensure that
the actual outcomes are compared and equal to the predicted and desired outcomes
(Alwan, 2015).
7. Maintenance
In this phase, periodic maintenance for the system will be carried out to make sure that
the system won’t become obsolete, this will include replacing the old hardware and
continuously evaluating system’s performance, it also includes providing latest updates
for certain components to make sure it meets the right standards and the latest
technologies to face current security threats.
Upkeep is the way toward making enhancements in a framework that is being used.
Support is required for taking after reasons:
 Bugs are found in the product code that has been recognized simply after the
framework is in full utilize.
 The client prerequisites may change after a framework has been in operation for
quite a while and the clients see additionally employments of the information that
the framework produces.
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 Some in-constructed parameters change like VAT rate, and so on.

 Hardware is changed in the framework that will be refreshed to exploit new
equipment improvements which could be another info gadget, yield gadget or
specialized gadget.
 The execution needs tuning since a portion of the first code working without
mistake, utilizes some very awkward schedules that are ease back to execute that
can frequently be enhanced by discovering more productive calculations for such
schedules.
 Operating framework is updated since the framework will be adjusted to exploit
the extra capacities of the working framework (Crayer, 2008).
Conclusion:
System analysis and design are keyed to the system development life cycle (SDLC). The
stages are project selection, feasibility, analysis, Design, implementation, and post
implementation stages. Once the problem is verified an initial investigation is conducted
to determine whether change is feasible, a feasibility study is conducted. Analysis is a
detailed study of the various operation performed by a system. System design refer to the
technical specifications that will be applied in implementing the candidate system.
Implementation is concerned with details of the candidate system. After implementation,
maintenance begins includes enhancements, modifications, or any changes from the
original specifications. To ensure the success of the system, careful and often extensive
planning is required. The overall management process is crucial to the successful
completion of system.
Task 3
Discuss the components of a feasibility report. [2.1]
Consider: while discussed consider- Introduction, Purpose; Document Structure; Intended
Audience; Feasibility Criteria and Outcomes (Possible Solutions, Evaluation Criteria, Feasible
Solutions and Conclusion)
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Introduction:
When the organization and the system analyst have agreed the definition of the problem, a decision
must be made about value of continuing to develop the computerized solution. The organization
may be convinced that there is a problem to be solved and that its solution will be worth the effort
and the expense. However, the systems analyst is paid to look at the problem, and its solution,
from another point of view. The analyst is an expert in computer systems and what is possible with
computer systems. This analyst must consider the problem from the point of view of the
computerized part of the solution and make report to the organization saying whether the solution
is possible and sensible. This report is called Feasibility Study because it will report on whether or
not the solution is feasible.
Purpose:
The purpose of conducting a feasibility study is to determine the prospects of success of any
given product or service. The study gives all the advantages and disadvantages of the products.
After the feasibility study, the users will be able to decide whether the new product or service is
beneficial or derogatory. According to scenario the feasibility study is conducted to support the
decision makers in creating the decisions. What will the great importance of the Academic Portal
of Falcon College? Whatever the decision that they take it should improve the quality of
developing system.
Document Structure:
Document is the final report for the feasibility study and it should be in well format and well
documented. The document structure of the feasibility study includes the following components:
 Introduction:
 Feasibility analysis of the given scenario:
 Possible solution:
 Evolution Criteria:
 Propose the most feasible solution:
 Conclusion:
Intended Audience:
In the ideal reporting situation, the audiences for these reports are decision-makers who will read
them because they consider solutions to organizational problems. In this ideal readers’' world,
target readers will approach the report types quite differently. Recommendation reports are
written before a decision is reached (and thus it may seem the writer has more input into decision
making). Feasibility studies, by contrast, seem often written to assure decision-makers that their
initial decisions are workable and sound.
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Feasibility Criteria:
Feasibility is the method in which calculations are made to calculate and determine if a
particular system lifecycle is worth doing and if it will bring out the required results. The process
in which the system is determined to test the output before hand for best results is known as
feasibility study. After a proposal for a system is viewed by the system designer and analyst, it
becomes a method that makes way for the actual design and implementation. This is a crucial
decision point in the life cycle because many projects die here. Although projects which have more
promising results continue toward the implementation phase. Changes in the proposal are made in
writing, depending on the complexity, size, and cost of the project. Some of the advantages of
doing a feasibility study for a system are:
6. Investigates the hardware and software needs for the system.

7. Investigates the cost of developing the system.
8. Tests how the system would work on certain environments.
9. Tests if the new system works with new computer and OS.
10. Time period is also allocated for the system.
There are different types of feasibility that can be done for a system to make sure that our
project can be done smoothly and without any implication of direct or indirect obstacles. This helps
to bring the results in the positive aspects for co-operation which can proceed to develop a business
plan. The following are the major types of feasibility.
 Technical Feasibililty
 Operational Feasibility
 Time Feasibility
 Legal Feasibility
 Economic Feasibility
 Social Feasibility
 Management Feasibility
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1. Technical Feasibility:
Technical feasibility is an analysis test which involves using of practical approach to

maintain and implement available resources to come up with solutions to different technical
problems. Most logical and resonable part of coming up with a solution is taken care of in this
section of analysis. “In feasibility, studies and investment project implementations analyst have
experience and resources in all the main disciplines that are required to make a success of a
project. Together with analysis project management we always work towards the most important
goal of all: to create an efficient, profitable plant on schedule and within the agreed budget
(Karlson, n.d.)”. Defined by the system analyst Karlson (n.d.), all projects are created using an
efficient and profitable approach which is the main goal for most projects.
2. Operational Feasibility:
Operational feasibility deals with the operational stage of process for making a stable
system by analysts and professionals. It is the identification of system specification on how well it
provides help to solve the problem. It helps to test if it satisfies the system requirements along with
telling how well the opportunities are identified during the scope definition and problem analysis
phase. This feasibility is an important phase to determine if working on a system is going to be
smooth as it involves the test of all kinds of operation that takes place during and before a system
is processed forward to analyst to create. Such operation includes programs and softwares, capital
(Accounting term for money to start something), technical assistants, servers, professionals and
internet for communication purposes. The analysis part of this feasibility is done in phase 2 or
phase 3 when the system gets its approval after the analysis of time and cost spent on the system.
3. Time Feasibility:
As the name suggests, this feasibility involves time feature of designing the system. Time
feasibility is perhaps the most important part of all the feasibility because what good is a system
that cannot be implemented to the market of even finalized before the deadline. When a project is
started, all professionals working on it have a specific timeline and schedule for completing the
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work. Since no one professional can complete all the tasks by himself/herself, group projects are
given out where each analyst have their specific part of work to be completed. This in turn helps
when merging the divided work to be turned into a complete project. If one professional is unable
to complete his/her task within the specified time, the overall end of project is delayed as well
which hampers the productivity of the team.
Legal Feasibility:
Legal feasibility is a method of knowing how well a solution can be implemented within
the legal and contractual obligation. Legal feasibility is a process of preparing the system in order
to abide by the laws and rights of government. Many such options rely on the information which
is shared on the internet because of the system. If we take an example of youtube itself, there are
certain countries which has a banishment on certain resources and videos. Similarly legal
feasibility needs to be of major consideration if we were to be working for North Korea which has
strict laws regarding information leak. The main question it deals with is “Does the system follow
the law?” or the clients’ question regarding “Will any legal action be taken by the information we
will be posting?”.
4. Economic Feasibility:
Economic feasibility analysis is the process of determining whether a new venture is worth
the cost and time investment. It is also known as cost benefit analysis. This kind of analysis takes
into consideration the cost of both developing and operating the new venture. The practice is a
way of reducing the risk of trying new ventures. What it mostly deals with is cost efficiency of the
system. Money is an important resource which needs to be controlled efficiently in order to manage
other resources needed for the system. “A study might be conducted to determine whether the costs
of adopting a new technology, building a new facility or otherwise investing in a new physical
property is feasible (Bruning, 2014).” It also can help an organization to decide whether
developing a new program, product or service is worth the start-up costs and time.
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Social Feasibility:
Social feasibility is a detailed study on how one can interact with others within the system
or organization. Feasibility analysis is done mainly in order to make wise investments in the
marketplace experiencing the fluctuation of level of risk. Many companies are focusing more on
feasiblity studies to determine if they should offer new products, services or undertake a new
business endeavor. The social feasibility of the system’s part would determine if the proposed
project will be satisfactory for the people. This assumption in general would examine the
probability that the project would have to be accepted by the group of people that are directly
affected by the proposed system.
5. Management Feasibility:
Basically, Management feasibility is as simple as it sounds. Management feasibility

involves the study and analysis of if the proposed system/project is accepted by the management
faculty. Management is the process of ensuring that an organization or company is able to operate
in both the immediate and near future. It is the organizational process that includes strategic
planning, setting; objectives, managing resources, deploying the human and financial assets
needed to achieve objectives, and measuring results. Management also includes recording and
storing facts and information for later use or for others within the organization. IT is more than
likely that whatever project is being run, has to pass through this phase of the organization in order
to make its way into the market. Or perhaps the project itself was developed under the joint
agreement of the management faculty.
Outcomes:
Possible Solution:
Problems occur at all points in any commodity system and come in all sizes. Small problems
occurring on the farm - e.g., poor pruning and improper harvesting - may become very large
problems in the marketplace when the produce cannot be sold due to poor quality. Someone who
observes a farmer in the marketplace unable to sell his produce might conclude that the problem
is in the market. In fact, the inability to market a product is usually an indicator of problem(s) in
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the commodity system. Unless we know the root problem and its causes, we cannot design
effective solutions.
Any analysis of problems affecting commodity systems must necessarily look for causes in each
component of the respective commodity system.
Problem analysis has been defined [Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit
(GTZ), 1983] as a set of techniques to:
 analyze the existing situation surrounding a given problem condition

 identify the major problems and the core problem of a situation
 visualize the cause-effect relationships in a Problem Tree diagram.
The starting point in problem analysis, therefore, should be the identification of as many of the
related problems as possible and their respective causes.
As should be apparent from any analysis of a commodity system, the problems vary in
accordance with the type of participant. Farmers, for example, may have problems related to
land, labor, information, financial resources, cultural practices, management, markets, and many
more. The farmers' problems are likely to cover the full range, from planning all the way through
the system to marketing.
Problems experienced by intermediaries and traders begin at the farm gate, although in many
cases the causes of the problems are linked with preharvest factors. The types of problems
affecting intermediaries are more likely to relate to operating capital, communications with
suppliers, regularity in supplies, quality of produce, infrastructure, packaging materials, and
transportation.
Public sector institutions may have internal constraints caused by local politics, staffing
problems, deficient resources, contradictory sectoral policies, poor leadership, and many more.
Farmers' groups and other private sector organizations may not be achieving their objectives due
to poor organization and management, or problems related to staff, working capital,
infrastructure, equipment and others.
The more in-depth the commodity system analysis carried out, the greater the number of
problems and causes identified. The purpose of the detailed description of a commodity system
is to provide an information base for problem identification. If each member of
the Interdisciplinary Team is experienced and knowledgeable in his/her particular area, and if the
description of the commodity system is carried out in detail, then conditions will be set for a
problem brainstorming session.
Possible Feasible Solutions:
While implementing possible feasible solutions following things should be considered:
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 What are the important parameters that must be satisfied for a solution to the
need/problem identified to be acceptable to the potential users?
 What is the solution that we propose to deliver to users?
 Are there any new or unproven technologies involved in company solution?
 What is the evidence that your proposed solution can be delivered within the given
parameters?
 Is there new or unproven science involved in solution?
 Does this company require production at high volume? Can produce product reliably
and profitably at high volume? Can company produce at positive gross margin at low
volumes? Will overhead remain relatively flat as volume grows?
 What prototype would you propose for your solution?
Evaluation Criteria:
As we begin formulating or evaluating the criteria of feasibility report what we would like to
consider we should realize that usually criteria works around one or more of the following
questions.
 Will your plan or course of action really do what is desired?

 What will it take to implement your course of action?
 Cost of implementation.
 Is your idea/product desirable?
 Does it evaluate the action or alternative in terms of criteria?
 Does it present the facts and evidence that supports each evaluative statement?
Conclusion:
The perfect feasible report consists of following consideration while concluding:
 Does it explain the significance from the reader's viewpoint of your facts?
 Does it state the conclusion plain and simple?
Attainability report contains far reaching, point by point data about any proposed framework. It
addresses where and how the proposed framework or venture will work. They give inside and out
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insights about the venture to decide whether and how it can succeed and fill in as a profitable
instrument for growing best venture. As the extent of the venture develops, it turns out to be more
vital to record the Feasibility Study especially if a lot of cash are included as well as the criticality
of conveyance. Not exclusively ought to the Feasibility Study contain adequate detail to bear on
to the following succeeding stage in the venture, however it ought to likewise be utilized for
relative examination while setting up the last Project Audit which investigations what was
conveyed versus what was proposed in the Feasibility Study.
Achievability Studies speak to a sound judgment way to deal with arranging. To be honest, it is
out and out great business to lead them. In any case, I have perused where a few people in the IT
field, for example, the "Spry" procedure defenders, consider Feasibility Studies to be an enormous
exercise in futility. In the event that this is valid, I have a decent utilized auto I need to offer them.
Task 4
Assess the impact of different feasibility criteria on a systems investigation based on above
scenario. [2.2, M3]
Consider: Fact-finding techniques (Interviews, Observation, Investigation of documentation,
Questionnaires, Focus Groups) and Feasibility criteria (Legal, Social, Economic, Technical,
Timescales; Organizational constraints).
Introduction:
Falcon college is a recognized international college which is located at the mid of the
Kathmandu valley and which aims to provide the quality education to the student of Nepal
coming from the major cities like Pokhara, Biratnagar, Birgunj, Itahari, Chitwan and other
districts of Nepal. The college has various departments like Administrative, Human
Resource, Exam, Account and the Marketing Department. And also has more than 50
faculty members including staffs and teachers working in various department. Falcon
College has a traditional Information System software but with the existing system college is
facing various issues in maintaining and updating the academic needs online. Therefore
Falcon College required a system investigation to overcome the problems that current
system is facing. The college is expecting a new system to be developed in order to
compensate the lack of services and features in the current system so that it has invited
application from interested organizations or individuals. Thus, a system investigation is
required thorough out the system. Feasibility study is one of the most important phase of
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system analysis. It is important to inspect whether the proposed system would be realistic
and achievable when developed or not. The Feasibility study will be done in the standard
format as it has been discussed previously in this report.
Fact-finding Techniques
Fact-Finding techniques is the process of collecting the data and information for the
intended system by communicating with the clients, end users, system users (UKEssays,
2015). There are various ways to discover requirements and facts. The fact-finding
techniques methods are listed below:
In Feasibility study, there are some fact-finding techniques they are:
a) Interview:
Different stakeholders of the Falcon College were interviewed by asking the different
types of question.
 Student
What problem are you facing while submitting your assignment?
 Teacher
How is system of the college in providing the essential study material to
the students?
 Account
How is the account sector doing with the current system?
 Admin Department
How is the system doing in managing the academic records of the
students as well as the faculty member?
Is the student interacting with college and teachers apart from college?
b) Observation:
After taking interview with college member we observed that college is facing
problem in current system they want new software which makes their work easier
then now. I found a traditional system that manages that academic records of student
as well as faculty member.
I also found that in current system academic records has to input manually in the
computer and has to be transfer from on computer by portable devices. Apart from
college is no any system which make good interaction between teachers and
students.
c) Investigation:
Investigation of the document is document checking or document analysis which is

used to elicit requirements by analyzing existing documentation and identifying
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information relevant to the requirements. Different document is seen in the college

such as Business Plans, agreements, requests for proposal, business rules and
business process that will help a lot to elicit relevant requirements.
d) Questionnaires:
We have made some questions for the stakeholders of the college. The sample of the
questionnaire to the member was like this:
i. Current system, form how many years college is using this system?
a) 1 years
b) from the start
c) more than 1 year
ii. Are you satisfied with the current system of this college or you want new
system?
a) Yes we are satisfied with this system
b) No we are not satisfied with this system
c) Sorry, No idea
iii. Are the interaction between teacher and student is enough?
a) Yes
b) No
c) No idea
iv. Any suggestion that you would like to make/order to improve the current
software system of the college?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
________________________________________
d) Focus group
Focus group is a technique where a group of people are asked about their perceptions,
opinions, and attitudes towards a product, service, idea and etc. Questions are asked in
an interactive group setting where participants are free to talk with other group member.
Importance of Feasibility Criteria

A feasibility study is an important stage in the development of business related services
as it helps to define and understand a problem in detail. The Falcon College is not sure
of what kind of solution should be used in the new system to eradicate the problem
faced in the current system though they have a general concept on the proposed system.
Therefore defining the current issues in details and analyzing them will helps in
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producing better requirement specification for the new system. Conducting feasibility
study helps in clarifying how a problem related to one or more requirements. The falcon
college has defined that one problem could be linked to another. Thus, fixing one might
automatically solve another. This needs to be realized Roshan Shrestha (BSc.IT/Second
Semester) 30 Systems Analysis and Design by the system developers so that no
unnecessary entities are added that would occupy unnecessary space. Feasibility study
allows to analyze various responses to the problem. Many responses and solution will
be proposed if any aspect of the system is deemed unfeasible in the system of Falcon
College. It enables to choose the best solution. It ensures that the chosen solution bring
more benefits and outweighs the projected costs. During the cost benefit analysis the
system of The Falcon College should outweigh the cost with harvestable benefits.
Therefore Feasibility study is important in the Falcon College
Feasibility Criteria
Feasibility is the study of the impact which happens on the organization by the development of
the system. The impact can be neither positive nor negative. When the positive nominates the
negative then the system is considered feasible. Here, the feasibility study on Falcon college
system can be considered as:
a) Technical Feasibility:
We can strongly say that the system is technically feasible. Since, there will be much
difficulty in getting required resources for the development of the software as well as the
maintenance of the system is available in the organization. It is feasible to get the
required hardware, software and a person having complete understanding of the
requirements to develop the software package. The main objective of technical feasibility
is to gain an understanding of the organizational ability to construct the proposed system.
The technical analysis of falcon management system includes assessment of the
development groups understanding of the hardware, software and operating components
as well as system size and complexity. For the college technical feasibility we should
study the system requirements. Requirements of hardware and software so as to concern
with technical feasibility in Falcon College Online portal system:
b) Economic Feasibility:
The economic feasibility study can be carried out under following areas:
 Cost of operations of existing systems.
 Cost of operations of the proposed system
 Cost of development of the proposed systems.
 Benefits of the proposed system.
 Cost of operations of the existing system.
Financial records, like annual budget, payrolls, etc. were scrutinized and the falcon and
each section in charge was interviewed to determine the manpower cost, material cost,
operating cost, equipment cost, overhead cost, etc. for calculation of unit cost of each
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operations. Operational feasibility includes justifying the project on the basis of being
consistent with or necessary for accomplishing the information system plan. An analyst
assessments of operational feasibility on falcon management system includes analysis
related to how the system will affect organizational structure and procedures. (vaishnav,
n.d) c)
c) Time Feasibility:
The time is all we concerned about while preparing a project. So, the Falcon
College Online portal system is also based on the duration of time or time
feasibility. The main purpose of accessing time feasibility is to gain
understanding of the likelihood that all potential time frames and completion
date scheduling can be met ad that meeting the dates will be sufficient for
dealing with the requirements of the organization. For Falcon College Online
portal system may operate according to imposed timeline, by a particular point
of organizational cycle. Falcon College Online portal system initiated with
specific deadlines. That particular software should be up to date and project
should be completed on the given time (Dixit and Kumar, 2007).
d) Legal Feasibility:
Legal feasibilities has its own legal issues and structure under which every project is
based and deals with. Accessing legal and contractual issues are related under legal
feasibility. Analyst discovers knowledge of any potential legal ramifications due to the
construction of the system here in online portal for Falcon College. So analyst has to
confirm how much time is given to the readers for a particular book and if not returned
on deadline, what will be the fine? If an organization has historically used as specific
service this is the legal feasibility of the college system which is bigger considerations.
Similarly contractual deal of the software, license agreements also comes under the legal
feasibility of the Falcon College system.
e) Social Feasibility:
Generally computerization brings fear of unemployment amongst the existing staff

unemployment problems but will create new job positions, like system manager, system
analyst, programmers and program maintenance staff, data entry operators, etc. It will
also relieve the existing, professional staff from their routine clerical activities, so as to
enable them to perform intellectual professional duties which will need reorganization of
staff. The reorganization of professional staff will lead to job improvement as well as job
satisfaction. As computerization will generate the possibility of additional information
services, such as current awareness service, selective dissemination of information,
bibliographic services, and retrospective information services etc.
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f) Management Feasibility:
Management Feasibility is very important so as to manage the every necessary things that
are carried out while developing a project like College system. It is very essential to
Manage the every aspects of project from technical to financial comes under this. It
typically includes making decisions to do with the technical and financial aspects of the
project. It also manages whether the manpower available are sufficient or not? If not then
it add more people to make the project successful. The most skilled manpower is needed
to develop any software. So, to develop the online portal for falcon college system, the
same kind of manpower is need to be engulfed into it for the betterment of system which
comes under the management feasibility.
Conclusion
College Online portal of falcon is one of the greatest deal in the today and next
generation of the world. So, every task should be considered while doing the project
along with the feasibility study. The feasibility study of the system has been described as
per the user’s requirements.
Task 5
Undertake a systems investigation based on above scenario to meet a business need. [3.1, M2]
Consider: you are required to consider the followings: Identify requirements: stakeholders;
requirements identification; requirements specification (eg scope, inputs, outputs, processes and
process descriptors; consideration of alternate solutions; quality assurance); Constraints (costs,
organizational policies, legacy systems, hardware Platforms) and Investigation (upgrading
computer systems, designing new systems)
In order to achieve M2, you will write a few paragraphs which demonstrate that a range of
methords and techniques have been applied while undertaking a system investigation to meet a
business need.
Introduction:
After using the old system by Falcon College from long time they has decide to make new system
in college. Before new system they have to analysis the new system. It will help in point out the
incompetency in the current system and help to suggesting the requirements of the new system.
The goal of new system will be investigated and proper solution to any problem will be concluded
at the end of this report.
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Exiting System Investigation:

In current situation falcon college is using a traditional system. This traditional system manage all
the records of students of college as well as faculty member of college. All the operation of the
college is done by this software:
a) Features of current system:
 Cost of current system is cheap.
 Current system is desktop based system so, no worries of hacking.
 No worries of server down
 Current system is so easy that anyone can handle it.
b) Limitation of the current system:
 No interaction between teacher and student apart from college.
 Data cannot shared from one computer to another computer in case of any damages of
system.
 No automatic system of academic record.
Investigation of the new system and its design:

Falcon College has a traditional Information System software that manage the academic
records of students as well as faculty members but with the existing system college is facing
various issues in maintaining and updating the academic needs online. Current system of
Falcon College is Desktop based software. Recording the information of students and teachers
are manually in a computer which cannot be accessed online. After analysis whole system for
many days they finally decide that they want an academic portal which is an online software
meant to help facilitate electronic classroom management and provide for electronic grading,
assignment submission, discussion and other learning tools to cater the academic needs.
Stakeholder requirements identification

i. Administrator
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Admin or Administrator are head of office. They spend more time in modifying the
system configuration and making appropriate updates. They have authorities to access
the files and maintain the system. So admin panel is required for admin to access in
system.
ii. Students
Another Stakeholder of the college and the system are students. They required
separate login to the system so the separate username and password should provide to
the students. Students should allow to view all information post by the teacher, upload
the assignment and project files and discussing concepts.
iii. Lectures
Lectures or professors are another stakeholder of the college and system. Lecture are
the primary content administer of a system. Therefore they also requires a separate
login to the system with the username and password. The system should allow them
to upload files, assignment question and multimedia and grading the assignment in
addition to creating new places for the students to discuss and collaborate.
iv. Staffs
The system must allow each staff to manipulate his or her own information like the
basic information, grants details, etc. The operations can be add, delete and modifying
the staff data.
Requirements Specification
We know that different organization has their own requirements in their software or system.
Falcon College has also their own requirements in their new system they are given below: a.
Scope
Scope is the process of developing a detailed description of the project or product. Scope of
the project outlines the objectives of the project and the goals that need to be met to achieve
a satisfactory result (project, 2015).
Limitation of old system software:
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The Falcon College has a traditional information system software that manages the academic
records of student as well as faculty members but with this system college is currently facing
various issues in maintaining and updating the academic needs online.
Scope of Project:
College has decide to improve the current system to online software called academic portal.
Academic Portal is a software which is means to help facilitate electronic classroom
management and provide for electronic grading etc.
Justification of Scope:
 New system will be an online academic portal to manage their academic needs
online
 Different users have different login system.
 This System allows administrator to manipulate the data online.
 The system provide features to user for sharing files and documents amongst
different users, have discussion threads, Instant notifications via email/message,
assignment submission, blog etc.
This system reduce the problem and issue which is caused by the old system of college in
which the managing and updating the academic records has been difficult. There is no manual
input of data in new system. Old method of submitting assignment as well as grading them
will also be reduced by the new system.
b. Input, Process descriptors, Process and output
Before access in this system users should entered the username and password for login the
system or accessing. For login user should have his/her password and username. Login name
can be alphanumeric with maximum 8 characters with 1 symbol (Like :!@#$%^”) and
maximum 12 characters of password. In this system user or professors are allowed to input
or upload their files and folder, likes and multimedia. But this types of user will not get
authority to update his her details or delete details. But Administrator can add, update and
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view file to the system. All the data input by the user are processed. Such as while logging
into the system by the user the system will verify the username and password. When the user
upload the assignment it is processed to the group. When the user entered his/her username
password and it is processed a message indicating if Authentication was successful or not
appears that is output. When user are removed from any group of system, a message
indicating that the users have been removed from this group. When the professor upload the
file, link and multimode. Notification will arrived in student home panel.
Flowchart of user login panel:
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Consideration of alternate solution:
The solution proposed can help the college to achieve what they expect in their new system
such as managing the academic records online. But some other solution should also be taken
in mind because system the college asked might not impress them. Other alternative solution
can be a website and an online database management system connected to a main server in
college. In website where they can keep all the details of the organization and in the database
they can maintain all the records of the organization.
Quality assurance
Quality assurance can be defined as the systematic process of checking to see whether a
product or service being developed is meeting specified requirements
(SearchSoftwareQuality, 2015). It is very important to provide the assurance that system
developed will meet all the requirements as required by the falcon college. It is very important
to assure them the system has a quality that any college will require. The system should not
bring any failure to the organizational work. The system failure can question the reputation
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of the organization as well as the college. Quality of the system should be checked before it
is implemented so that problem may not arise in future
General limitations
a. Cost
Certain amount has been set for the new system, so the system cannot go over the budget.
So while making the system it should be duly considered as the cost limitation is set.
Suppose falcon College have allocated 4 lakhs 50 thousands for their new system with
hardware components.
b. Organization Policies
Every organization has its own Organizational policies. Likewise Falcon College has also
its own policy. System design should be design is such a way that it should not violate
any policy or rules of college.
c. Legacy System
Legacy system is a constraint because it may be problematic due to compatibility issues,

lack of security support (Techopedia.com, 2015). Falcon College might be using the
legacy system and they may not want to change it in the new system. Therefore the system
designer has to use the legacy system as a constraint in the new one as legacy system may
create the problem due to its compatibility and security issues.
d. Hardware Platform
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The hardware system is a constraint because the system will work smoothly, if the
hardware supports it. If the hardware crashes, the system will fail as well. Falcon College
may not want to change the hardware system of their college as it will increase their cost
but the hardware used may bring compatibility issue in the new system. Likewise the
smooth work of the system depends upon the hardware used to support them. So the
designer should also duly consider the hardware platform used in the system.
Designing New System

a. External Interface
1. Web Server In this system Apache is used as server. The web server receives
information back from PHP scripts.
2. PHP Application The actual program that will perform the operations is written
in PHP. All data will be stored in a database.
3. MySQL Database First of all MySQL Database is an open source database

which help to store all data which is communicates with the application on the
server.
b. Performance of the new system
Following are the Performance of the new system:
 System should run smoothly with any error
 It should support at least 300 concurrent users at the same time.
 The new system should allow the student to access the information posted by
teachers, uploading assignments and project files.
 The system admin should be able to manipulate the date or information of

students, teachers and staff as well as updating data online.
c. Availability
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The system should be available all the times. Meaning the user access it using a web
browser, only restricted by the down time of the server on which the system runs.
d. Security
It should be secured because it is an online software which could be hack any time. So
developer used different security methods is applied in the new system of college to
have secure login and accessing the data.
Conclusion:
The system investigation has been performed according to a standard format and the proper
requirement specification as well as requirements of stakeholder are identified. Different
constraints has been defined along with the plan on that features the new system would have and
how it would achieve it. It concluded that the new system would more efficient and would much
benefits to the falcon college. Definition of problems, proposal and selection of solution has been
lead to system investigation. Although new system will help the users to work easily and update
date in online.
Task 6
Use appropriate systems analysis tools and techniques to carry out a systems investigation [3.2,
M3]
Consider: Context Diagram, Use Case Diagram for each Interface, DFD, ER diagram, and
Process representations.
In order to achieve M3, your writing need to demonstrate that a range of methods, tools
and techniques have been applied to undertake a system investigation to meet a business
need.
Introduction:
As per our studies and requirements as a junior system analyst in a falcon system, we are obliged
to make system investigation such as analyzing the overall management and administration and
designing something that is both unique and easy for everyone to understand and use. And as such
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system analysts are supposed to work with various kind of tools and techniques in this process
which will clarify the system to make it easier and be able to work without interruption. Hence,
we shall be working with the above-mentioned tools to work on the system analysis of our falcon
management system.
Use Case Diagrams:
A use case diagram is a methodology used in system analysis to identify, clarify, and
organize system requirements. In such we can define a use case diagrams a way in which
requirements are dealt with in details so that a better system can be formed and designed. Use case
diagrams are employed in UML (Unified Modeling Language), a standard notation for the
modeling of real-world objects and systems. A use case diagram at its simplest is a representation
of a user's interaction with the system that shows the relationship between the user and the
different use cases in which the user is involved. A use case diagram can identify the different
types of users of a system and the different use cases and will often be accompanied by other types
of diagrams as well. A use case diagram is graphical representation of the interaction among the
elements of a system (WhtaIS, 2015). It define the interaction between external action and the
system to attain particular goal. There are three basic elements that make up a case:
I. Actors: Actors are the type of users that interact with system.
II. System: Use cases capture functional requirements that specify the intended behavior
of the system.
III. Goals: Use case are typically initial by a user to fulfill goals describing the activities
and variants involved in attaining the goal.
In Falcon College, use case diagram helps to carry out the system analysis of the college as it
shows the interactions between external actors and the system.
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Fig: Use Case Diagram.
Context Diagram:
A System Context Diagram (SCD) in software engineering and systems engineering is
a diagram that defines the boundary between the system, or part of a system, and its environment,
showing the entities that interact with it. This diagram is a high level view of a system. It is similar
to a block diagram. System Context Diagrams are used early in a project to get agreement on the
scope under investigation. These diagrams must be read by all project stakeholders and thus should
be written in plain language, so the stakeholders can understand items within the document.
Another name for a Context Diagram is a Context-Level Data-Flow Diagram or a Level-0 Data
Flow Diagram. Since a Context Diagram is a specialized version of Data-Flow Diagram,
understanding a bit about Data-Flow Diagrams can be helpful.
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Fig: Context diagram.
Data Flow Diagram:

A Data Flow Diagram (DFD) is a graphical representation of the flow of data through
an information system. A DFD is often used as a preliminary step to create an overview of the
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system, which can later be elaborated. A DFD shows what kind of information will be input to and
output from the system, where the data will come from and go to, and where the data will be stored.
It does not show information about the timing of process or information about whether processes
will operate in sequence. In simple words a DFD consists of the way in which data inside a system
is transferred from one section to another.
Fig: Data Flow Diagram (DFD).

The attached figure in the previous page will help remind us about the working and usage
of data flow diagram as discussed previously. This figure provides a graphical representation of
the flow of data or resources from one section to another. It also shows the kind of information
which will be input and output from the system, where the data will come from and go to, and
where the data will be stored. It shows logically what kind of actions will be exchanged by the
system processes with the external interfaces or data stores.
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E-R DIAGRAM
E-R Diagram stands for Entity-relationship Diagram. It shows the relationships of entity sets
stored in a database. An entity in this context is a component of data. In other words, ER diagrams
illustrate the logical structure of databases (Smartdraw.com, 2015).
Advantages of ER-Diagram are as follow:

 Straightforward relation representation: Designing an E-R diagram for a database application,
the relational representation of the database model becomes relatively straightforward.
 Easy conversion for E-R to other data model: Conversion from E-R diagram to a network or
hierarchical data model can· easily be achieved.
 Graphical representation for better understanding: An E-R model gives graphical and
diagrammatical representation of various entities, its attributes and relationships between entities.
This is turn helps in the clear understanding of the data structure and in minimizing redundancy
and other problems. This are the advantages of the E-R diagram (Ecomputernotes.com, n.d.).
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Conclusion:
All the diagrams that we described above may be used as guideline to create the database and
system of the Falcon College. These diagrams may be used as guidelines to create database and
the system itself. It can be concluded that all the entities in the system and the data flow of the
system has been identified. This all the tools will play an important role in the system development.
Task 7
Create documentation to support a systems Investigation and evaluate how user and systems
requirements have been addressed. [3.3, 3.4]
Consider: You are required to consider the following Report documentation structure
(Background information, Problem statements (Scope of Work), Data Collection Process and
Summary, Recommendations, Appendices and other necessary information).
Introduction:
Documentation is a form of information which is defined by a process in which collective

research on the tools and technique used to describe any project is managed and compiled into one
single research paper. This form of research and information collection can be collected both in
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electronic data or written by hand on paper which is usually the case when talking about the case
of how documentation works for projects in Nepal. In computer industry, documentation is the
information provided to a customer or other users about a product or process taken to prepare for
that service (Rouse, 2005). But it is actually much more than that to project leaders and managers
because it is a complete file which defines the system and information of the project including the
advantages and disadvantages which were taken as a change by the use of various types of tools
and techniques.
Purpose
The purpose of presenting a documentation type in a project is hence what we call defining
the limitations and fixing it in terms of system analysis and design. Whilst creating a system and
designing it, we must also analyze the situation of the system so that we can create a kind of
environment for the system in which it can run smoothly by the means of various tools and methods
available to us. Given below is a general overview of how our current system looked like before
the use of proper system analysis and design.
Past Overview:
1. No proper database handling application or software.
2. Computers running in Windows XP operating system when being delivered.
3. No recording system
4. Unmanaged book placement system
5. Membership authentication kept crashing and not working properly.
6. Unmanaged networking to share information to various workstations throughout the
college.
Current Overview:
1. Installed barcodes and laser tags.
2. Student and record management.
3. Installed SQL for database management.
4. Installed Windows 7 operating system in all workstations for smoother functions.
5. Database backup and restoring feature added.
6. Surveillance system was added.
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7. Grading and assignment tracking system managed.

8. Members and memberships authentication managed.
9. Search system included in the workstation to locate the desired assignment.
Scope of project:
Talking about the scopes of the project, scopes are the project aspects of each business
processes are identified. This definition will help us to identify and recognize all processes and
future actions that need to be taken. The scopes of our current falcon management system as a part
of our system analysis and design are given below.
1. Understanding the theme of the system.

2. Deciding the quick and easy yet profiting type of system designing tools.
3. Deciding the SDLC to be used in this project.
4. Information collection.
5. Analyzing of cost efficiency and management.
6. Skills and human resources management.
7. Feasibility study.
System requirements:
External Interface Requirement
The system as proposed for the falcon management system has been newly installed and
needed to be managed for which we worked in installing new hardware/external modification for
the system in order for the falcon to function smoothly. In such the specification of the newly
managed system is shown below.
System Specification:
Processor: Intel core 2 duo 64-bit micro-architecture 2.70 Ghz.
RAM: 1 GB DDR-3
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Hard disk: 250 GB HDD
Monitor: 17” LED (Philips)
Operating system: Windows 7 64-bit.
Database: MS-Access 2007
Functional Requirement
For the system to run smoothly different types of functional and utility software and
hardware had to be installed which has been listed below as such.
Antivirus: Avast free antivirus.
Cleaner and maintenance: Piriform CCleaner.
Laser identification: TagIt Laser marker.
Surveillance: Multiple CCTV installed at several places around the college. Along with installing
the software to maintain, record and observe the place.
Network cables: For internal and external network management.
Routers: Wifi and wireless network access in and around the college.
Feasibility Analysis:
The process in which the system is determined to test the output before hand for best
results is known as feasibility study. Feasibility Studies are very important because the information
gathered and presented helps to make a list of all the needed details which would make any
business work and to label every logistical and other business-related problems and solutions. As
such the most important types of feasibility that any new system must follow are time and money
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and thus this documentation includes the information to the type of feasibility analysis done by the
system analysts to create a falcon management system.
Economic Feasibility:
Economic feasibility analysis is the process of determining whether a new venture is worth
the cost and time investment. It is also known as cost benefit analysis. This kind of analysis takes
into consideration the cost of both developing and operating the new venture. The practice is a
way of reducing the risk of trying new ventures. What it mostly deals with is cost efficiency of the
system. Money is an important resource which needs to be controlled efficiently in order to manage
other resources needed for the system. “A study might be conducted to determine whether the costs
of adopting a new technology, building a new facility or otherwise investing in a new physical
property are feasible (Bruning, 2014).” It also can help an organization to decide whether
developing a new program, product or service is worth the start-up costs and time.
Time Feasibility:
As the name suggests, this feasibility involves time feature of designing the system. Time
feasibility is perhaps the most important part of all the feasibility because what good is a system
that cannot be implemented to the market of even finalized before the deadline. When a project is
started, all professionals working on it have a specific timeline and schedule for completing the
work. Since no one professional can complete all the tasks by himself/herself, group projects are
given out where each analyst have their specific part of work to be completed. This in turn helps
when merging the divided work to be turned into a complete project. If one professional is unable
to complete his/her task within the specified time, the overall end of project is delayed as well
which hampers the productivity of the team.
System Development Life Cycle

For this system we have used the most reliable type of SDLC (System development life
cycle) which is very common but widely used due to its higher efficiency. This system can also
prove to be of help to properly manage the falcon management system.
Waterfall Model:
Waterfall model is the first and most popular methodology which illustrates the software
development process in a linear sequential flow. It means that in this methodology, the next step
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is followed only when the previous and foremost step is completed. These steps are also known as
different phases. The waterfall model has certain number of phases that needs to be completed in
the particular order to complete the methodology for the SDLC. The phases that a waterfall model
has to follow consists of some of the most important steps for the ease of SDLC process of which
some of the points that follows are conception, initiation, design and analysis, maintenance, etc.
Fig – Waterfall model phase
The above figure explains the waterfall model which follows a certain method of progress which
is to complete each step and move on to the next step. Since there is no coming back to the previous
step, waterfall model methodology has to be done carefully.
Waterfall Model Phases:
8. Conception:
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Conception is the first and basic phase of waterfall model which involves the identification of
goals to be achieved and the changes needed to be made for the existing system. This phase
involves the developing of business project.
9. Initiation:
Initiation is the second phase of the waterfall model in which detailed study of the users is done
and finding the alternative solutions to the requirements for the new system. Justification to the
need of new system and the improvements are to be done in this phase.
10. Analysis:
In the analysis part study and expectations on the new system is done and then halted so that the
analyst can perform his task of improved system without further needs and future disturbances.
11. Design:
The design phase involves translating of the identified requirements into logical structure termed
as designs which can be implemented in a programming logic.
12. Construction:
The construction phase of the waterfall model involves the testing of all the modules developed in
the previous phases of the methodology.
13. Integration and Testing:
In the Integration and testing phase of the waterfall model, integration and testing of all the
previous phases and modules are to be checked in the overall new system which is ready to be
launched.
14. Implementation and maintenance:
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Impletation and maintenance phase explains the need of converting the designed system into
operation as a new system. The changes in the hardware, software, security, networking and
programming parts of the new system is to notified to the users and clients.
Advantages of waterfall model:
4. The phases of waterfall model are arranged so that it makes it easy and yet powerful
methodology.
5. Because of such an arranged methodology, it contributes in taking less time and cost to the
project development.
6. The clients are asked to properly define the list of system requirements which cannot be
changed in later time, which makes it easier for the analyst to work better.
Disadvantages of waterfall model:
4. As all the requirements have to be specified in the beginning of the methodology, no error
can be made.
5. Changes are not possible in the waterfall model so particular amount of time should be
given to each phases and ensuring of each phase to be 100% complete.
6. Because technology and equipments are every advancing, it is difficult to keep updating
the system to the latest as the waterfall model takes some amount of time to complete.
Strengths:
4. It is easy to use but at the same time is powerful to design required systems.
5. This software process model is less time consuming.
6. Since the designing process cannot be interfered, changes cannot be made in the process
thus making it cost efficient and easy work for the designers.
Weaknesses:
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3. A single error can lead to the overall debugging or rebuilding of the system.
4. As previous stages in the designing process cannot be altered, specific time should be
allocated so that the system is delivered on time.
Data collection Process:

Different data collection process is used to find out the detail about the system used and the new
system they want in their organization such as interviews, observation, questionnaires, and
investigation of documents.
a) Interview:
Different stakeholders of the Falcon College were interviewed by asking the different
types of question.
 Student
What problem are you facing while submitting your assignment?
 Teacher
How is system of the college in providing the essential study material to the
students?
 Account
How is the account sector doing with the current system?
 Admin Department
How is the system doing in managing the academic records of the students
as well as the faculty member?
Are the student interacting with college and teachers apart from college?
b) Observation:
After taking interview with college member we observed that college is facing problem
in current system they want new software which makes their work easier then now. I
found a traditional system that manages that academic records of student as well as
faculty member.
I also found that in current system academic records has to input manually in the
computer and has to be transfer from on computer by portable devices. Apart from
college is no any system which make good interaction between teachers and students.
c) Investigation:
Investigation of the document is document checking or document analysis which is used
to elicit requirements by analyzing existing documentation and identifying information
relevant to the requirements. Different document is seen in the college such as Business
Plans, agreements, requests for proposal, business rules and business process that will
help a lot to elicit relevant requirements.
d) Questionnaires:
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we have made some questions for the stakeholders of the college. The sample of the
questionnaire to the member was like this:
v. Current system, form how many years college is using this system?
d) 1 years
e) from the start
f) more than 1 year
vi. Are you satisfied with the current system of this college or you want new
system?
d) Yes we are satisfied with this system
e) No we are not satisfied with this system
f) Sorry, No idea
vii. Are the interaction between teacher and student is enough?
e) Yes
f) No
g) No idea
viii. Any suggestion that you would like to make/order to improve the current
software system of the college?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
________________________
Constraints
The constraints that must be consider while making the system are as follows:
a. Organizational Policies:
The organizational policies is a constraint because it disable the user to use the system
in their own way as the organizational policies may restrict them. Falcon College has
its own organizational policy as every other organization have.
b. Hardware limitations:
The purchased hardware system is a constraint because the system will work smoothly,
if the hardware supports it. It the hardware crashes, the system will fail as well.
c. Legacy System:
Legacy system is a constraint because it may be problematic due to compatibility
issues, lack of security support.
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d. Cost:
The cost is a constraint because a specific amount has been set and the system cannot
go over the budget.
System analysis tools

System analysis tools helps in properly carrying out and documenting the actual system
analysis. Different system analysis tools and technique use to demonstrate the system analysis
of the Falcon College. The system analysis tools used to carry out the system investigation are
a. Context diagram
b. Use Case diagram
c. DFD
d. Entity relationship diagram
e. Process representation
Gantt chart:
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Summary
This documentation includes all the factors that should be included while designing the system
for the college. It includes all the process, purpose and scope for making the system. Likewise,
it also provides the limitations that should be kept in mind while designing the system.
Likewise, it also includes the different system analysis tools and technique used for making
the system. This system will provide user a friendly environment to conduct different types of
work. The propose new system will allow the professors to share file, links and grade the
assignment and the students to access the information provided by the teachers, upload
assignments and project files. This facility was not present in the traditional system software
due to which it was creating the different kind of issues but the new system will eradicate the
problems and issue and helps to meet the college and user requirements.
Recommendation
The new system is a user-friendly system. The proposed new system should be maintained
properly in the college. Maintenance should be done time to time so that no issues will be
found in the system. A user manual should be provided to the client so that they can explore
each and every function of the system in a short period of time.
Conclusion
The evaluation of the proposed new system has been take place and the advantages of the
new system has been identified. All the issues in the current system were identified and
defined and the new system is built to overcome these problems. The specific requirements
have been defined in details. This report also provides a documentation that will aid in the
maintenance process of the system as well as recommendation. Thus in this documentation
user and systems requirements has been clearly addressed.
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System Analysis and Design: Academic Portal of Falcon College

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SYSTEM ANALYSIS

Fact-finding Techniques ................................................................................................................ 36

Evaluate different systems lifecycle models [1.1, M1]

Fig – Waterfall model phases

Waterfall Model Phases:

6. Integration and Testing:

7. Implementation and maintenance:

Advantages of waterfall model:

Disadvantages of waterfall model:

When to use the waterfall model:

Fig: Spiral model diagram.

Phases of Spiral Model:

Advantages of Spiral Model:

Disadvantages of Spiral Model:

When to use the waterfall model:

Phases of RAD Model:

Advantages of RAD Models:-

Disadvantages of RAD Models:-

When to use RAD models:

Fig: Agile method.

Components of Agile method:

Designing and building:

Advantages of Agile method:

Disadvantages of agile method:

When to Use Agile Mode:

Fig: Prototype model

Advantages of Prototype Model:

Disadvantage of prototype model:

When to Used Prototyping Model:

DYNAMIC SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT METHOD (DSDM):

Fig: Dynamic system development method.

Phase of DSDM Model:

Advantages of DSDM model:

Disadvantages of DSDM model:

II. Figure References Task 1

1. Istqbexamcertification.com [online] Available at: http://istqbexamcertification.com/wp-

The objective of phase 1 is to conduct a preliminary analysis, propose alternative solutions,

1. Investigates the hardware and software needs for the system.

Feasibility study includes four tests and they are:

Operational feasibility is the identification of system software specification on how well it

 Is the proposed system solution practical?

The end-user’s requirements should be determined and documented, what their

 The development of a feasibility study: determining whether a project is

 Scope Definition: denoting an instrument for observing, viewing, or

 Logical design: looking at the logical relationship among the objects

 Decision analysis: making a final decision

 System control and backup or recovery.

 User Interface Design

This phase comes after a complete understanding of system requirements and

6. Testing and Review

 Some in-constructed parameters change like VAT rate, and so on.

6. Investigates the hardware and software needs for the system.

Technical feasibility is an analysis test which involves using of practical approach to

Basically, Management feasibility is as simple as it sounds. Management feasibility

 analyze the existing situation surrounding a given problem condition

Possible Feasible Solutions:

While implementing possible feasible solutions following things should be considered:

 Will your plan or course of action really do what is desired?

Investigation of the document is document checking or document analysis which is

information relevant to the requirements. Different document is seen in the college

Importance of Feasibility Criteria

Generally computerization brings fear of unemployment amongst the existing staff

Exiting System Investigation: