TOPIC 1 : PIPE FLOW ANALYSES

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
1. To identify different types of separation losses
2. To solve pipe problems by considering all losses
 TOPIC 1:PIPE FLOW ANALYSES

1. Laminar Flow through Circular Pipes

2. Turbulent Flow in Bounded Conditions
3. Determining Friction Factor, f using Moody Chart
4. Different forms of the Darcy Equation
5. Pipe Problems
6. Separation losses in pipe flow
7. Equivalent Length
 LECTURE 1.6

Losses in pipe fittings, bends and pipe entry

INTRODUCTION

 Pipe fittings generally cause flow separation which

will result in head loss
 General expression for this type of separation loss

where K = loss coefficient (dimensionless)

6

 The value of K with different types of fittings.

entry into the

EXAMPLE 1.11

A
9
SOLUTION FOR EXAMPLE 1.11

1 2
10

Since the Re no. is more than 2000, thus the flow is TURBULENT.
Find f using Moody Chart.
11

6/10/2013
hloses = helbow + hvalve + hfriction
EXERCISE 1

A B
6/10/2013
SOLUTION
hT = 4fLv2 + Kvalvev2 + Kelbowv2
2gd 2g 2g
16
 EXERCISE 2
Figure shows the plan view of a group of horizontal pipes made of galvanized steel
which connected in series. Determine the total head loss between end A and B if the
pipe diameters are 100 mm and 150 mm which conveying water at a rate of 0.008 m3/s.
(Take density, ρ = 1000kg/m3 and viscosity, μ = 1.14 X 10-3 Ns/m2)
*ECW301/FEB2015
(12 marks)
7m
Elbow
Elbow 90o
90o

6m 4m Globe
v alve
Elbow
90o

12 m
Elbow
Globe 8m
90o
valve
8m P

100 mm 150 mm
ANS: hT=0.8839m
 TOPIC 1 :PIPE FLOW ANALYSES

1. Laminar Flow through Circular Pipes

2. Turbulent Flow in Bounded Conditions
3. Determining Friction Factor, f using Moody Chart
4. Different forms of the Darcy Equation
5. Pipe Problems
6. Separation losses in pipe flow
7. Equivalent Length
LECTURE 1.7

Equivalent Length
TOPIC 1 : PIPE FLOW ANALYSES

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
1. To apply the concept of loss coefficient and
equivalent length
INTRODUCTION
 It is sometimes convenient to express separation loss coefficient K in
terms of an equivalent length, Le of the same diameter as that
which includes the fitting.
 Equivalent Length = Length of pipe substituting the fitting that will cause
separation loss due to fitting = frictional head loss
21

 Thus, the total head loss in the pipe is

EXAMPLE 1.12
SOLUTION
Equivalent length of 25 meters means that the globe valve generates the same
head loss as as straight 25-meter long pipe.
EXERCISE