NON MEDICAL REHABILITATION THROUGH SPIRITUAL

THERAPY AND HERBAL FOR DRUGS ADDICT

A. Introduction

The development of human resources becomes the actors and determinants

in the process and in achieving development goals in addition to natural, social
and economic resources. Notoatmodjo, Susanto and Widodo et al. state that the
main and important capital of a nation is human resources and natural resources,
but human resources are more important in determining to utilize other resources
and improve community welfare. Based on the results of the Human Development
Report (HDR) report from the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) on
the 2016/2017 Human Development Index (HDI) or Human Development Index
(IPM), Indonesia ranked 133 out of 188 countries, at the Southeast Asia level.
ranked fifth under Singapore, Brunai Darussalam, Malaysia and Thailand. The
HDI has three indicators, namely the level of poverty and hunger, level of health
and death, and access to basic services such as education
Indicators of HDI are challenges but at the same time barriers to
development if they cannot be overcome, moreover along with other obstacles and
threats in the form of drug abuse that have attacked and entered into extraordinary
crime categories or extraordinary crimes because on average in Indonesia 40-50
people die per day or 15,000 people annually in 2018, even referred to as a crime
of humanity in destroying a nation. According to the 2017 executive summary of
the drug abuse survey in Indonesia that Indonesia is in a serious condition, the
estimated number of drug abusers is 3.8 million to 4.1 million people or around
2.10% to 2.25% of the total population of Indonesia and 3.376.115 people in the
10-59 year age group in 2014-2017. Narcotics have economic and social impacts.
Drug abuse has major implications for the health and social and economic losses
of the country. Then all informants have the desire to stop as with rehabilitation,
but still difficult and reconsume drugs. This is because they are still affected by
the environment in which they live. According to Hawari, Martono and Joewana
and Angraeni, an individual has narcotics dependence, as a result he will
experience a mental disorder and is no longer able to control himself properly in
his life, namely damage to the function of the social soul to interact with the
community normally, loss of work, school, and inability of controlling himself or
frustrating.
Even worse, drug abuse has attacked the generation of children and young
people who are the successors of development, thus becoming a threat in the
weakening of the nation. As according to the Indonesian Child Protection
Commission (KPAI), which revealed that 87 million Indonesian child population,
5.9 million of them became drug addicts due to the influence of the closest people.
According to some results of Fitri and Migunani and Amanda's research, that state
adolescence is a vulnerable age to drug abuse because it is still not stable
mentality that is quickly affected, still unstable, a feeling of wanting to try,
reasons for existence of friendship or life style, frustration or escape from the
problems faced .

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 According to Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics in its
explanation, Narcotics are drugs and substances that are actually needed and
useful in treating certain diseases. But if it is misused with standard rules of
treatment it will be detrimental to individuals and society, especially the younger
generation and threats to the nation's cultural values that can weaken national
security. In its development in the community Narcotics crime shows an
increasing trend both qualitatively and quantitatively as many victims, especially
among young people and students.
It requires prevention as early as possible not only with strict law
enforcement, but also by providing counseling and community empowerment
from the government and civil society to provide motivation, mindset of
understanding and mental attitude for the general public, and addicts or ex-addicts
to jointly counteract the dangers of drug abuse . According to Riyadi and
Bratakusumah, in the development especially in the regions it is impossible to be
carried out individually, but must be able to work together and collaborate as a
team work between the government that must accommodate aspirations and
involve community participation. The Government has issued a serious policy in
preventing drug abuse, namely the Addict Instruction of Republic of Indonesia
No. 12 of 2011 concerning the Implementation of National Policies and Strategies
for the Prevention and Eradication of Drug Abuse and Dark Circulation in 2011-
2015 that in achieving the "Indonesia of Drug-Free Countries" by issuing
Jakstranas P4GN which stands for national policies and strategies for the
Prevention and Eradication of Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking. This is a form
of seriousness and mutual commitment of all elements of society, nation and state
thst focus is on drug prevention so that students have mindset, mental attitude, and
able to resist and prevent drug trafficking. Subsequent actions make and
implement empowerment to create an educational environment and the campus is
free from drug abuse and circulation.
So resolving the danger problems of drug abuse cannot only be solved by
legal enforcement but also require preventive efforts as early as possible both
before and after the event. On one side the former drug addicts as victims who
must be helped or saved, not to be exiled, ostracized, given negative stigma and
become marginalized communities. If this continues to be done, then the former
drug addicts will be further away, trapped and frustrated and become enemies of
the community. Then prevention for ex-drug addicts not only with treatment
therapy with rehabilitation of mental and health psychology, but also need social
and economic rehabilitation in the form of implementation of empowerment
programs and mentoring that can restore the spirit of life, mental attitude, desire
or life expectancy, creativity and productivity to continue a new life better.
The study uses appropriate methods in community development, namely
Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) methods. According to Adi the PLA
method is a form of qualitative research to identify the problems and potential of
the community and get a deep understanding of the situation of a community as a
community worker, then analyze and make decisions from the problems faced as
assessment, learning process, optimizing aspirations and participation of
conditions or problems faced from with and for the community.

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 The location of the study was determined based on the results of preliminary
observations and recommendations from the District National Narcotics Agency
(BNNK) Purbalingga, namely there were two foundations that were used as an
alternative reference for rehabilitation in addition to the Regional General
Hospital (RSUD) dr. R. Goeteng Taroenadibrata Jl Tentara Pelajar No. 22
Purbalingga for drug addicts namely Islamic Education Foundation (YPI) Nurul
Ichsan Al Islami in Karangsari Village, Kalimanah District and An-Nur
Foundation in Bobotsari in Purbalingga.
The research informants used purposive sampling by selecting informants,
namely the chairman and management of the foundation, the former drug addicts
who were in the rehabilitation process and the facilitators such as social workers
(Social Workers), addiction counselors, and volunteer counselors.
Research data was collected by in-depth interviews, direct observation,
Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Qualitative analysis with an interactive model
consisting of three main things: (1) Reducing data, to choose, categorize, simplify
and classify data obtained from the field during the study. (2) Presenting data, by
collecting information data for drawing conclusions and determining actions. (3)
Make conclusions and verify data, with stages from identifying, recording order
and pattern, explanation, and configuration.
The aim of the study was to analyze social and spiritual rehabilitation for ex-
drug addicts, especially in the foundation of Nurul Ichsan Al Islami institution, so
that they can recover quickly, not drug dependence, have the motivation, mindset
and mental attitude to return to being a faithful, devoted, socializing and
productive human being.

B. The Importance of Social and Spiritual Rehabilitation for Former Drug Addicts

The following is a profile description and the role of the two rehabilitation
foundations based on the results of interviews, observation and documentation
analysis, namely: (1) Yayasan Nurul Ichsan Al-Islami was led by Achmad Ichsan
Maulana as founder, in 2000 initially as a boarding school rehabilitating for
mental retardation. Then in 2007, he became a drug rehabilitation center based on
the deed of establishment number 04/2007 and SIOP 802 / ORSOS / V 2008.
Further developments in 2013 were trusted and appointed to be IPWL or
Reporting Recipient Institution Required as a Drug Rehabilitation Social
Organization from the Ministry of Social Affairs with Minister of Social Affairs
Decree with SK Number 36 / HUK / 2013. Having a vision to realize education
based on Islam (Al-Qur'an and Al-Hadith), realizing the community is free from
the dangers of narcotics, helping neglected children and forming future
generations who have faith and devotion. Then the mission is to keep neglected
children and those who are less able to avoid drugs. Deepening the teachings of
Islam (Al-Quran and Al-Hadith) for narcotics abuse, neglected children,
underprivileged people and society in general.
Nurul Ichsan Al Islami Foundation has a characteristic or uniqueness in
the process of rehabilitation of drug addicts who are non-medical in nature,
namely religious therapy approaches and internal medicine, and not using

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medication or medical drugs. The patients who are rehabilitated are drug addicts
who are required to stay in a minimum of 40 days to participate in the
rehabilitation process and not be exposed to interacte with family members and
anyone. (2) The institution of the An-Nur foundation has been instrumental since
1995 with the notary deed 03-3 August 2003 located in Bungkanel Village, RT 03
RW 02, Karanganyar District, Purbalingga Regency. The foundation was led and
its founder was H. Supono Mustajab, S.Sos. M.Si, known as Pak Pono. The
uniqueness of the An-Nur foundation institution is known as a mental
rehabilitation institution, then a mental hospital health clinic with permission from
the governor number 695 / ORSOS / IV.06 in 2006 with core activities as a
mental rehabilitation center for drugs and bad children, then in 2011 became the
special auxiliary Hospital of Mustajab's soul.
The role of the An-Nur Foundation plays a role in having a vision to
realize services for mental healing with customer satisfaction. Then it has a
mission between providing mental health service facilities in maintaining the
quality of human resources ,providing sincere and professional service.
The An-Nur foundation has a distinctive characteristic as a drug
rehabilitation place using a joint method or approach between non-medical and
spiritual rehabilitation media, then medical rehabilitation through mental health
care, there are medical doctors, psychologists and Emergency Installation
facilities (IGD), outpatient installation for health services for adult mental health
services, elderly mental health services, child and adolescent growth and
development, mental disorders services.
Based on the results of interviews or dialogues, observations and Focus
Group Discussions (FGD) especially with the head of the orphanage foundation,
counselors of social workers, volunteer counselors and addiction counselors that
are important for social and spiritual rehabilitation for ex-Drugs, namely:
(1) All agree and commit that the dangers of drug abuse have become
threats and constraints to development, especially the development of Human
Resources (HR) which will damage mental psychology, common sense
(intellectual), and behavior (morals) or characters, especially the nation's
generation (adolescents ) namely students and college students. So that requires an
active role from the wider community, especially civil society such as institutions
or communities in the community, educational institutions, especially universities
to participate in overcoming the problem of narcotics abuse, not only the
responsibility of the government in this case the BNN or BNNK in the area and
the Police.
(2) Prevention of drug abuse is not only resolved in action and
enforcement of strict legal sanctions, but also must be anticipated preventively
and as early as possible before and after, especially in former drug addicts.
Prevention of ex-drug addicts is not only on the therapy of mental psychology
rehabilitation factors and health or medical treatment, but also requires social,
spiritual and even economic rehabilitation in the form of empowerment and
mentoring programs that can restore motivation and passion, fighting, creation,
appreciation, productivity and life expectancy. Former drug addicts include
marginalized groups who are marginalized and isolated because of the negative

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stigma, so as a victim that must be helped. If there is no such effort, the former
drug addict will be increasingly trapped and socially frustrated and potentially
cause social resistance in the community
(3) The results of studies and research will be able to become a joint
empowerment program between community institutions, educational institutions,
including researchers to be able to work together in this case BNNK Purbalingga
for prevention of former drug addicts. Especially educational institutions from
universities that have Tri Dharma duties in preventing the danger of drug abuse
are conducting research studies to provide scientific contributions academically
and practically for the community, families, schools and stakeholders including
BNN.
(4) The results of the study and research findings strengthen and
recommend the concept of social engineering, rural development and community
empowerment for children, as well as marginal groups to solve problems that
occur due to injustices such as discrimination and negative stigma in society. As
according to Freire, marginal people are the same as poor, marginalized,
disadvantaged and isolated communities, so that to overcome this, there must be
equal rights and opportunities in education to change the fate or the condition of
marginal groups. Marginal groups according to IBRA and Akatiga are
marginalized communities who do not have the ability to be involved in planning
or decision processes, and are powerless in the economy so that they become
targets for prosperity in development. Muttaqin said that the marginal people fight
for the situation and conditions that are discriminated against or marginalized over
the existence of an identity that is considered different and deemed to be deviant
from the views of society in general.
(5) Prevention and rehabilitation of drug abuse using a social, herbal and
spiritual approach will support medical counseling. Because counseling and
religious therapy restores the nature of the task or obligation and purpose of
human life, so the approach taken to rehabilitate effective religion through prayer,
dzikr, recitation, rukyah, spiritual cleansing, natural cultivation, religious tourism
and herbal therapy to prevent drug dependence of physical and mental damage.
Reinforce faith and devotion restore human identity that is always worshiping, do
good, prevent evil and become a blessing for all nature.
(6) Recommending the rehabilitation process of drug abusers can be
carried out medically with hospitalization and outpatient care at the hospital, non-
medical rehabilitation through herbal treatment and religious spiritual approaches,
social and economic rehabilitation.
(7) Empowerment programs as social and economic rehabilitation can be
carried out through counseling, training and mentoring for former drug addicts so
that they can interact, develop their potential for interest in being able to be
economically independent and re-accepted in families and communities by having
economic business capabilities.

C. The Role of Islamic Foundation in the Rehabilitation of Drug Addicts

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 There are two Islamic foundations in Purbalingga, Central Java, which are
engaged in social and rehabilitation of drug addicts, namely the Nurul Ichsan Al
Islami Foundation and the An-Nur Foundation. The foundations are very helpful,
especially BNNK Purbalingga and the general public at large in the prevention
and rehabilitation of drug addicts, including the designated hospitals responsible
for conducting medical rehabilitation. The uniqueness of the two rehabilitation
institutions is an alternative for the family and drug addicts themselves to find
rehabilitation places that can avoid addiction and the danger of environmental
influences, but can also receive rehabilitation in a non-medical and religious
manner with a religious approach to build good faith and good morality. Many
drug addicts who have been rehabilitated in the two foundations come from
outside the region and outside Java, this is because the drug family and addicts
themselves are more comfortable and protected from negative stigma and social
sanctions in their communities. The two foundations at the beginning were
rehabilitation centers for addicts affected by mental disorders, stress, and
depression.
Prevention and rehabilitation of drug abuse should be carried out by all
parties to play a role and work together, not only the National Narcotics Agency
and the Ministry of Social Affairs or the government, but also the wider
community, social and educational institutions. So that the existence and role of
the An-Nur Foundation and Nurul Ichsan Al Islami which carry out rehabilitation
through counseling and religious therapy for drug addicts are very important and
useful to help the prevention and rehabilitation carried out by the government in
this case the BNN and the Ministry of Social Affairs. According to Arif, Agustin
and Fannani the occurrence of drug abuse that has become a threat to the
community requires concern, participation and cooperation to anticipate it from
various parties, including the government, community institutions, academics and
activists and the private sector.
The difference in rehabilitation of drug addicts at the An-Nur Foundation
and Nurul Ichsan Al Islami, namely the rehabilitation process at An-Nur is a
combination of medical approaches as mental and non-medical or herbal and
spiritual hospitals. While Nurul Ichsan Al Islami uses a counseling and religious
therapy approach as well as spiritual (non-medical) herbs. The second equation is
using counseling and religious therapy, then the An-Nur Foundation was once a
Reporting Obligatory Recipient Institution (IPWL) of Drug Addicts with
permission, funding and escort from the Ministry of Social Affairs in 2012 to
2014, while the Nurul Ichsan Al Islami Foundation from 2015 to 2017.
There are similarities in rehabilitation through counseling and religious
therapy conducted by the An-Nur Foundation and Nurul Ichsan Al Islami with
three Islamic guidance formats for drug addicts according to Kibtyah's research
results that Islamic counseling can support complex drug abuse addicts, because
in addition Rehabilitation or treatment medically, psychologically, socially, and
mentally also requires spiritual rehabilitation. Irfangi emphasized that the Islamic
psychotherapy function is a spiritual rehabilitation for the treatment of mental,
physical, moral and spiritual diseases caused by drug abuse to provide a function

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of understanding, controlling, predicting, developing, educating, preventing,
healing and caring for, purifying, and cleansing.
Risdawati explained, Islamic guidance and counseling efforts are to help
individuals realize themselves to be fully human in order to achieve happiness in
the world and the hereafter through a wisdom or wise approach and want to recite
hasanah which is to give advice to multiply the remembrance of Allah like
remembrance and prayer. According to Supriyanto religious or spiritual
rehabilitation consists of (1) classical format through religious lecture activities,
character education, and joint worship. (2) Format groups through group guidance
activities (religious material). (3) Individual format through a consultation process
for addicts and families of addicts.
The uniqueness of the rehabilitation process for drug addicts at the Nurul
Ichsan Al Islami Foundation is non-medical by using herbal media and religious
therapy, so it does not use medical drugs at all. Then drug addicts are required to
stay overnight with a minimum standard of 40 days following the rehabilitation
process and should not be seen by family and friends. The number of drug addicts
is generally around 30 to 60 people in a year, many from outside the city, and
some from Singapore.
Non-medical spiritual rehabilitation according to the results of Diliana et
al, Bakri and Barnawi and Arridwan's research can be used as an alternative and
quite effective in returning patients not to be addicted to drugs, such as
rehabilitation counselors doing da'wah by teaching the knowledge of Islam,
forming Islamic morals, growing again the spirit of faith and devotion provides
practice that awakens drug addicts from the bad habits of consuming drugs and
having the ability to face the challenges of the social environment with a strong.
In this study focused on spiritual non-medical rehabilitation at the Nurul
Ichsan Al Islami foundation, namely (1) spiritual rehabilitation using a friendship
and kinship approach between counselors or companions with drug addicts
conducted at any time by considering the conditions and situation of addicts. This
is to foster closeness, openness, and trust, to want to share stories and can
construct motives underlying the use of drugs, the problems experienced and the
expectations needed. The next stage provides counseling with a religious
approach so that addicts will grow and have strong faith in Islam. (2) Spiritual
rehabilitation with a family approach concept, namely the struggle and great
service of a mother who has been pregnant, gave birth and raised. The concept of
respect to parents and a mother who is glorified, the figure of a father who
struggles to make a living, and a family that loves each other. This approach is to
foster more humanistic traits, to love one another, a peaceful and pleasant life. (3)
Spiritual rehabilitation with herbal remedies such as drinks from the ingredients of
young coconut water, honey wasp, dates Azwa turmeric wulung betel leaves, and
cardamom. The efficacy of herbal drinks is to treat addicts who are still sick, for
immunity, vitality and restore stamina. (4) Spiritual rehabilitation by praying in
congregation and doing dhikr together especially after Maghrib and Isa prayers.
Providing spiritual lectures from the leadership with a dialogue and interactive
approach to question and answer. The goal is that the time addict is diverted, his
thoughts and activities from drug addiction by worshiping and remembering Allah

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more, acknowledging and not repeating all wrong and wrong actions and
reinforcing the human obligation to believe, worship and be able to do good. (5)
Performing rukyah with treatment through boiled water media for narcotics
addicts who enter the feeding place which has a diameter of 120 cm and a height
of 60 cm and the water is given our herb leaves, bay leaves, guava leaves, yeast
and given prayer. Addicts enter the barrel where the boiling water is immersed in
a sitting position and the water soaks the body to a level. The boiling process of
about 10 to 25 minutes was carried out at night after the Isha prayer. Addicts who
have been treated with Godog are not allowed to bathe plain water anymore,
because the therapeutic function is decoction so that toxins in the body caused by
Narcotics will be able to come out through the dryness of the skin pores. If the red
sweat identifies addicts using marijuana and if the white color identifies addicts
using heroin and methamphetamine. (6) Conducting rukyah through night bathing
at the river location where there are meetings of three streams, namely in the
Kaligintung river, Klawing river and Kalibanjaran river in Purbalingga Regency
at midnight on Friday and Tuesday. Bath theraphy in river water fight the
conditions of addicts who are passing through cold river water and providing
oxygen originating in the natural environment around the river. Also as a religious
medium to further enhance faith and solidarity of equality. (7) Conduct
rehabilitation through environmental therapy by visiting tourist sites of rivers,
waterfalls, swimming pools, hill beaches, and mountains. Such therapy as a
medium to further strengthen faith and be grateful for all the greatness of God
with his creation or as a natural leader, can adapt and entertain with the
community environment, thereby reducing feelings of isolation from the
community, can increase cohesiveness, and togetherness.
The similarities and differences in the rehabilitation of drug addicts
between the Al Islami Foundation and the An-Nur Foundation can be illustrated in
Figures 1 and 2 as follows:

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 Similarities of spiritual rehabilitation for
drug addict

Religious counceling Religious theraphy

Humanistic aproach
process and dialogue Praying
Building together,
closeness/intimacy & between drug addict
and councelor dzikir, islamic
openess
lecture

Constructing motive
for using drugs,
negative effect and
commiting sins. The
esscence of human
creation
There is understanding
and comprehending of Medium of water
the strenght and power prayer, herbal drink,
of spiritual :prayer, rukyah by bathing,
and boiled with
doa, dzikir, and read
praing together.
qur’an to worship Tadabbur alam
Allah, solution for life
and theraphy for soul

Strengthen faith: the essence of human creation to worship, help each other, doo
good, prevent evil and become blessing for all the nature

Picture 1. Similarities of rehabilitation for drug addict

Natural process: environment of the

An-Nur Foundation
(Medical & Spiritual)
Difference in Spiritual Rehabilitation
Scientific Process: medical
procedur, health checking and orphanage, nature around the beach
location & natural tourism that is
diagnosing, laboratorium and
medical treatment clean, beautiful / green, fresh air,
cool & calm
Divine process: obligatory prayer and sunnah
in congregation, dhikr after prayer, rukyah,
recitation of spiritual bathing & prayer water

Religious counseling & religious

Process of religious and
religious counseling to create
Nurul Ichsan Al Islami trust, closeness, comfort and
(Herbal & Spritiual) openness
therapy with concoctions of herbal
drinks, obligatory prayers and
sunnah, dhikr after prayer, rukyah
with therapy, godog, bathing in
the river and nature tourism

Figure 2. Differences in spiritual rehabilitation for drug addicts

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 D. Conclusion
Teenagers have characteristics that are susceptible to narcotics, this is
because (1) easily influenced by friends, (2) highly curious, (3)joining friends, (4)
group solidarity, (5) eliminating the feeling of boredom. (6) always wanting to try
new things without thinking about the risks they will cause, (7) smoking habits,
(8) escaping from problems, (9) drugs are life styles, (10) joining friends, and (11)
lacking of information about the dangers of drugs in school.
Drug prevention becomes a shared responsibility including the role of the
world of education that must be able to include the dangers and prevention of
drugs in the lesson curriculum, the formation of anti-drug extension cadres in
schools that are included in extra-curricular organizations, disseminate the
dangers of drugs in the school environment by organizing anti-drug campaign
activities minimum regular every year at the school which is filled with
counseling activities, discussions, training of cadre counselors and competitions
about prevention campaigns of the dangers of drugs among students.
Drug abuse and addiction become development problems and obstacles
because they damage human resources, especially the nation's generation as
development actors, so it needs to be seriously anticipated and involve all parties,
namely the state in this case the BNN, educational institutions and community
institutions including pesantren and families.
Rehabilitation for drug addicts can be carried out with a combination of
various alternatives that can complete or support each other, both in psychological
and medical rehabilitation both outpatient and inpatient care, then non-medical
rehabilitation through herbal, spiritual, social and economic religion in Islamic
Education Foundation ( YPI) Nurul Ichsan Al Islami.
The uniqueness and benefits of religious rehabilitation for drug addicts
while anticipating dependence on medical drug chemistry that damages the tissues
of the body, strengthens human nature so that they always believe in the greatness
of Allah SWT and carry out human obligations to continue to worship, prevent
evil and carry out goodness. They also have to foster a sense of solidarity,
togetherness, and a spirit of life expectancy that must do better.
Empowerment programs and models by conducting counseling, training
and mentoring for drug addicts patients are useful for social and economic
rehabilitation so that they can interact, be economically independent and be re-
accepted in families and communities by having economic business capabilities.

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