Open-gills Wind Alarm System

A Research Paper

Presented to the Faculty of

Science Technology and Engineering Program

Zamboanga del Sur National High School

Pagadian City

In Partial Fulfilment

of the Requirement in

Science Research 4

by:

Biandre Marikar A. Anito

Lehayne Pearl C. Pablo

Renalie Niña C. Bucayong

Edrian Mark D. Sumampong

May 2023
 ii

CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL

The research paper attached hereto, entitled “OPEN-GILLS WIND ALARM

SYSTEM” prepared and submitted by Biandre Marikar A. Anito, Lehayne Pearl C.

Pablo, Renalie Niña C. Bucayong and Edrian Mark D. Sumampong, in partial

fulfillment of the requirements in Science Research 4, is hereby recommended for

approval.

MARILOU J. LIRIO
Adviser

June 2023

This research paper is approved in partial fulfillment of the requirement in Science

Research 4.

KEVIN JOHN A. ARGONES KATHLEEN KRIS P. LOMOLJO

Panel Member Panel Member

JONATHAN R. LINAZA
Panel Member

MATTHEW T. SABASALES
Chairman
 iii

OPEN-GILLS WIND ALARM SYSTEM

Biandre Marikar A. Anito 1, Lehayne Pearl C. Pablo 2, Renalie Niña C. Bucayong 3, Edrian Mark D.
Sumampong 4

Zamboanga del Sur National High School

Pagadian City, Zamboanga del Sur

ABSTRACT

Our region is insusceptible to strong winds and sudden changes in temperature, which leads to
residents becoming oblivious towards potential disasters. As a result, they are ill-prepared to deal with such
situations. To address this issue, this study aims to develop an Open-gills Wind Alarm System that can warn
rural residents about high-speed winds in advance, considering the limited sources for them to be alert.
Single Group Design was employed to evaluate the efficiency of the device on its speed in terms of the time
it takes for the buzzer to alarm and volume in terms of the loudness of the buzzer at wind speeds ranging
from 32-38 mph, 39-46 mph, and 55-63 mph, with fifteen trials. The data was subjected to One-way
Analysis of Variance to determine if wind speeds significantly influenced the tested variables. The results
revealed that wind speeds did not significantly affect the speed in terms of the time it takes for the buzzer to
alarm. This finding is supported by the computed value of 0.154, which is lower than the F-tabular value of
0.858. Electron scattering slows down the buzzer's alarm speed (Alexandria, 2018). However, the results
concerning the volume of the alarm indicated that wind speeds do affect its volume in terms of the loudness
of the buzzer. This was supported by the computed F-value of 197.599, which is greater than the F-tabulated
value of 3.22. This indicates that the faster the wind speed, the louder the buzzer becomes. This can be
explained Bladeless,
Keywords: by the increase
Sensor,inAlarm,
voltage dropspeed,
Wind acrossRural
a resistor withSpeed,
residents, increasing resistance (Chad, 2016). The
Volume
findings highlight the effectiveness of the device as a valuable tool for providing residents with advance and
immediate warnings against high-speed winds. We strongly recommend the utilization of this device to
minimize unnecessary casualties caused by the lack of preparation against high-speed winds.

Keywords: Open-gills, Alarm System, Wind, Wind speed, Rural residents, Speed, Volume
 iv

ABSTRACT

Our region is insusceptible to strong winds and sudden changes in temperature,

which leads to residents becoming oblivious towards potential disasters. As a result, they

are ill-prepared to deal with such situations. To address this issue, this study aims to

develop an Open-gills Wind Alarm System that can warn rural residents about high-speed

winds in advance, considering the limited sources for them to be alert. Single Group

Design was employed to evaluate the efficiency of the device on its speed in terms of the

time it takes for the buzzer to alarm and volume in terms of the loudness of the buzzer at

wind speeds ranging from 32-38 mph, 39-46 mph, and 55-63 mph, with fifteen trials. The

data was subjected to One-way Analysis of Variance to determine if wind speed

significantly influenced the tested variables. The results revealed that wind speed did not

significantly affect the speed in terms of the time it takes for the buzzer to alarm. This

finding is supported by the computed value of 0.154, which is lower than the F-tabular

value of 0.858. Electron scattering slows down the buzzer's alarm speed (Alexandria,

2018). However, the results concerning the volume of the alarm indicated that wind

speed does affect its volume in terms of the loudness of the buzzer. This was supported

by the computed F-value of 197.599, which is greater than the F-tabulated value of 3.22.

This indicates that the faster the wind speed, the louder the buzzer becomes. This can be

explained by the increase in voltage drop across a resistor with increasing resistance

(Chad, 2016). The findings highlight the effectiveness of the device as a valuable tool for

providing residents with advance and immediate warnings against high-speed winds. We

strongly recommend the utilization of this device to minimize unnecessary casualties

caused by the lack of preparation against high-speed winds.

 v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, the researchers would like to begin by praising and thanking

our omnipotent and celestial father for his everlasting grace, guidance, and protection.

The strength, patience, will, and knowledge that he bestowed enabled us to conclude their

work successfully.

We would like to take this opportunity to convey our sincere appreciation to our

alma mater, Zamboanga del Sur National High School, for providing us with a proper

training ground that honed our skills, knowledge, and values, which we will carry

eternally.

Also, we would like to thank and acknowledge our research advisor, Ma'am

Marilou J. Lirio, for her unending guidance, as well as for the patience, encouragement,

and vast knowledge she has lend upon us. It has been a great privilege to learn from an

amazing and wonderful educator.

A special thanks to our electrician, Sir Jayronn Dave A. Chio, who worked very

diligently on our product. He planned and made it possible for us to create this device.

Without his labor and direction, this investigation would be incomplete.

We express gratitude to our parents for their endless financial and moral support,

and especially their consideration when we have to work overnight, which has boosted

our spirits and inspired us to work even harder.

Finally, we owe a gratitude to our fellow students and researchers, who played a

significant role in completing this thesis. We appreciate the support and learning from

you.
 vi

BMAA, LPCP, RNCB, EMDS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARY Page

Cover Page………………………………………………………………….. i

Certificate of Approval……………………………...……………………… ii

Abstract……………………………………………………………………... iii

Acknowledgement…………………………………………………………... v

Table of Contents………………………………………………………….… vi

            List of Tables………………………………………………………………... viii

List of Figures…………………………………………………………...…... ix

List of Appendices…………………………………………………………… x

CHAPTER Page

I. THE PROBLEM

Background of the Study………………………………………….…..  1

Statement of the Problem……………………………………………. 4

Theoretical Framework………………………………………………   5

Conceptual Framework………………………………………………   6

Hypothesis & Scope and Limitations of the Study…………………..   7

Significance of the Study……………………………………………..  8

Definition of Terms…………………………………………………..  9
 vii

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES AND RELATED STUDIES

Related Literature……………………………………………………  11

Related Studies………………………………………………………  22

III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 

Research Design & Research Locale………………………………..  26

Development of Open-gills Wind Alarm System

& Data Gathering……………….…………………………………..   27

Statistical Treatment………………………………………………...  29

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Findings and Analytics of Data……………………………………...  30

V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary…………………………………………………………….  35

Conclusions………………………………………………………….  36

Recommendation…………………………………………………….  37

REFERENCES…………………………………………………….………… 40

APPENDICES……………………………………………………………….. 54
viii
 ix

LIST OF TABLES

Table Title Page

4.1 Production Cost of the Open-gills Wind

Alarm System .……………………………………………………   30

4.2 Comparison on the speed of the Open-gills Wind Alarm System among

different wind speeds in terms of the Time it Takes for

the Buzzer to Alarm …………………………..………………….. 31

4.3 One- Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) on the speed

of the Open-gills Wind Alarm System among different wind speeds in

terms of the Time it Takes for the Buzzer to Alarm …..………...    32

4.4 Comparison on the Volume of the Open-gills Wind Alarm System among

different wind speeds in terms of the Loudness of

the Buzzer ……………………………..…………..…...…..……    33

4.5 One- Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) on the Volume of the Open-

gills Wind Alarm System among different wind speeds in terms of the

Loudness of the Buzzer ……………………………...……..…… 34

 x

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Title Page

Figure 1. Schematic Diagram of the Study……………………………. 6

 xi

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendices Title Page

A Methodology Flow Chart

B1 Statistical Computation on the Speed in terms

of the Time it Takes for the Buzzer to Alarm

B2 Statistical Computation on the Volume in terms

of the Loudness of the Buzzer

C Table of Significance

D1 Documentation of Data Gathering on the Speed in

terms of the Time it Takes for the Buzzer to Alarm

D2 Documentation of Data Gathering on the Volume in

terms of the Loudness of the Buzzer

E Biographical Data
 1

Chapter I

THE PROBLEM

Background of the study:

Our region is insusceptible to strong winds as well as the sudden change of

temperature which leaves residents oblivious. Individuals would typically feel frightened

in these scenarios as they're unanticipated and wouldn't be able to carry out their duties.

Aside from that, they would have to wait for the authorities in these times as we are not

accustomed to it. In the report of ReliefWeb (2022), numerous residences in Dinas,

Zamboanga del Sur were damaged by trees that had fallen owing to strong winds brought

on by a nearby rainstorm. Twelve families or sixty individuals were affected in the

destruction of the municipality.

Another concern is the lack of signal in some rural areas that may or may not be

vulnerable to such disasters. The majority of cell towers are situated in more affluent

cities, leaving almost a million Filipinos without access to digital connectivity (Balinbin,

2021). Residents in such places are therefore unable to reach out to authorities or access

online news and media, making them uninformed of current occurrence. Pablo, (2018)

stated that the Philippines lags behind the rest of the world and its ASEAN neighbors in

internet speed, affordability, and accessibility due to its topography. The unawareness of

individuals during an unanticipated catastrophe is extremely hazardous for themselves

and those around them, as it may result in accidents or, in the worst case, death.
 2

The worst typhoons of 2011 and 2012, respectively were Typhoon Sendong and

Pablo, which both crossed the island of Mindanao. Sendong caused extensive damage,

including 1,500 deaths and damaged infrastructure, agriculture, and school buildings

worthing PhP1.71 million. Pablo caused over 1,200 deaths and PhP73.91 billion in

damage to infrastructure, agriculture, and property mostly in Davao Oriental and

Compostela Valley. Under the report of ABS CBN news, (2014), Joseph Babag's home, a

Typhoon Pablo survivor was located in an area not visited by typhoons, leading to an

outbreak of despair due to improper preparation, delayed information, and heightened

anxiety. This shows the importance of preparation, timely communication, and

management of anxiety in order to prevent disastrous outcomes from occurring. Due to

the Philippines geographic location, the Philippines is vulnerable to tropical cyclones

which frequently results in powerful winds that cause severe damage to crops and

property, as the article of PAGASA, (2022) supported.

Today, the winds and other weather variables are of equal concern and can have

an even greater impact on our modern and high-tech life style. Researchers can design

more effective methods to lessen the impact of future typhoons and other natural disasters

by acquiring a better knowledge of these challenges. The Philippines’ archipelago is

visited by several strong winds every year that’s why most Filipinos consider weather

monitoring as an essential in their daily activities. Therefore, it is crucial for individuals

to diligently monitor all weather-related warnings and take necessary precautionary

measures. In times of calamity, accurate measurements of wind speed are paramount in

 3

providing reliable information to the public. To ensure maximum preparedness, an alarm

system should be put in place to alert residents of impending disasters.

Researchers are exploring new horizons in the field of warning citizens of strong

winds due to their insatiable curiosity. It found various shortcomings in the present

anemometer and monitoring designs. One of the current technologies for addressing this

issue is the wind speed monitoring system, however, it has a limited coverage area and

requires regular maintenance and calibration, which can be costly for rural residents. A

further well-known example would be a mobile application or an online weather forecast,

both of which are internet-dependent surveillance systems that are inaccessible to

individuals with limited digital connectivity, such as those living in rural areas. It is

believed that there is a need for a new and enhanced product that will establish new

benchmarks for efficiency and accuracy. New approaches and concepts are being tested

to create an anemometer that can suit the varying needs of various citizens, and the

researchers are motivated by the prospect of creating a product that can make a real

impact in the field.

Pagadian City has historically had an average wind speed of 8.3 mph (13.3 kph)

in November. January typically experiences the highest average wind speed of 11.9 mph

(19.2 kph), while May experiences the lowest average wind speed of 6.5 mph (10.4 kph).

As a result, the likelihood of strong winds in the area is relatively low, leading to a lack

of concern among locals regarding potential disasters caused by high wind speeds.
 4

To provide reliable information and timely warnings to those in high-risk areas,

an effective wind alarm system is needed. The "Open-gills Wind Alarm System" has

been developed by researchers to address this need. The open-gills are able to harness the

power of the wind from any direction, turning it into electricity that may be used to run

electronic devices. Traditional wind generators with blades can only capture breezes

blowing in one direction, limiting the device's efficiency. The turbine's layout is decided

by the prevailing wind direction. Turbines that are upwind point into the wind, whereas

those that are downwind point away from it. Upwind turbines are the most common type

of utility-scale wind turbine installed on land. The ability of open gills to capture wind

from multiple directions makes it superior to bladed turbines.

Statement of the problem:

This study aims to create an Open-gills Wind Alarm System that helps rural

residents in alarming for both upcoming and present high wind speeds to lessen

individuals be oblivious of the occurrences as they have limited sources to be alert.

Specifically, this study aims to:

1. Determine the overhead cost of the Open-gills Wind Alarm System.

2. Determine the speed of the Open-gills Wind Alarm System among wind speeds

ranging from 32-38 mph, 39-46 mph, and 55-63 mph in terms of the time it takes

for the buzzer to alarm.

3. Determine the volume of the Open-gills Wind Alarm System among wind speeds

ranging from 32-38 mph, 39-46 mph, and 55-63 mph in terms of the loudness of

the buzzer.
 5

4. Is there any significant difference on the speed of the Open-gills Wind Alarm

System among wind speeds ranging from 32-38 mph, 39-46 mph, and 55-63 mph

in terms of the time it takes for the buzzer to alarm?

5. Is there any significant difference on the volume of the Open-gills Wind Alarm

System among wind speeds ranging from 32-38 mph, 39-46 mph, and 55-63 mph

in terms of the loudness of the buzzer?

Theoretical Framework:

The theoretical underpinning of this study is the theoretical and numerical

analysis of vortex bladeless wind turbines by Elsayed & Farghaly (2022). This theory

states vortex bladeless turbine outperforms conventional wind turbines by taking a

completely unique and novel technique to capturing moving wind energy. Another theory

suggests that the vortex bladeless wind turbine was designed to operate efficiently within

the range of low to medium wind speeds. It exhibits exceptional energy efficiency,

capable of generating an equivalent amount of energy while costing 45% less than a

conventional 3-blade wind turbine (Bridgestone Corporation, 2022). Similarly, our open-

gills wind alarm system shares a simple design concept with the vortex bladeless wind

turbines. It comprises a turbine body that responds to air currents, much like the

mechanism employed in the vortex bladeless wind turbines.

According to the theoretical support provided by Taylor (2021) from Maximum

Weather Instruments, the implementation of a wind speed alarm system can effectively
 6

notify personnel about potentially hazardous wind conditions that may jeopardize the

safety of individuals and property. Furthermore, Sokolovsky and Rotkin (2017) have

proposed that by appropriately organizing the mechanical energy removal system, it can

be converted into electrical energy, as they noted. In a similar vein, Akaydin et al. (2004)

emphasize that the Bladeless Vibration-Based Piezoelectric Energy-Harvesting Wind

Turbine design is not only environmentally friendly but also exhibits commendable

reliability. Building upon this theoretical foundation, our study aims to address the

problem by offering a system that alerts rural residents about the imminent arrival of

high-velocity winds.

Conceptual Framework:

Lack of awareness and preparedness has led to numerous casualties during

disasters, especially high wind speed disasters that can cause significant damage to life

and property. For this issue, the researchers have considered this device as effective in

providing both current and forthcoming high wind speed warnings. This device can play

a crucial role in mitigating the impact of such disasters and ensuring the safety of

communities.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Wind Speed  Speed in terms of
the time it takes for
32 – 38 mph the buzzer to alarm
39 – 46 mph  Volume in terms of
55 – 63 mph the loudness of the
buzzer

Figure 1: Schematic Diagram of the Study

 7

Hypotheses:

The hypothesis of the study was tested at 0.05% level of significance.

H01: There is no significant difference on the speed of the Open-gills Wind Alarm

System among wind speeds ranging from 32-38 mph, 39-46 mph, and 55-63 mph in

terms of the time it takes for the buzzer to alarm.

H02: There is no significant difference on the volume of the Open-gills Wind Alarm

System among wind speeds ranging from 32-38 mph, 39-46 mph, and 55-63 mph in

terms of the loudness of the buzzer.

Scope and Limitations:

This study was conducted at Zamboanga del Sur National High School last

January 13, 2023. The study Open-gills Wind Alarm System focuses on the speed in

terms of the time it takes for the buzzer to alarm rural residents and the volume in terms

of the loudness of the buzzer in alerting.

The limitation of this study is the absence of a digital monitor, which prevents the

user from obtaining precise information about the wind speed and the possibility that the

device could stop functioning because of a large enough solid object, which prevents the

blower wheel from spinning which then renders the device ineffective as a tool for

preventative measures against dangerous winds.

 8

Significance of the Study:

This study is significant to the following in order for them to be forewarned, to be

prepared, and to be capable of minimizing the destruction of necessities due to impending

or present strong winds:

Rural inhabitants. This study can help rural residents who are vulnerable to the effects

of strong winds due to their limited access to reliable communication tools and

information sources. By using this device, residents will be alarmed when there is a

strong wind or approaching strong wind.

Citizens. This study can help citizens who may or may not be vulnerable to strong winds

that can cause destructive damages. By using this device, citizens who are and are not

vulnerable to such disasters will receive timely warnings and take appropriate precautions

in the occurrence of an approaching storm.

Government Officials. This study can help government officials by reducing the number

of fatalities and increasing citizens' preparedness. By using this device, officials will be

able to release less cash in the face of a calamity for which residents are ill-prepared,

since the alert will sound when a certain incoming or current strong wind is detected.

Homeowners. This study can help homeowners in experiencing reduced destruction of

things and deaths within their houses. By using this device, householders will be warned
 9

immediately if a specific impending or present high wind is detected, allowing them to

pack up their essentials and secure their furnishings.

Researchers. This study can help future researchers widen their knowledge. They can

apply the fruits of our study's labour to develop effective solutions to this issue. Through

the application of our study's findings, strategies can be made to mitigate the

consequences of strong winds on the affected individuals and communities. Our study's

insights have the potential to reveal new perspectives on this issue, leading to

transformative solutions that can shape the future of disaster preparedness and response.

Definition of Terms:

For better understanding, the terms are defined operationally:

Alarm. This refers to a device that provides individuals or groups with real-time
warnings. This delivers a visible and auditory alert signal. This is used to alert rural
residents if there is an approaching or present high wind speed.

Anemometer. This refers to an instrument for measuring wind speed. This is used for
measuring wind speed from its standard m/s that is converted into mph for the study's
treatments, such as wind speeds ranging from 32-38 mph, 39-46 mph, and 55-63 mph, in
order to obtain an accurate result in terms of the time it takes for the buzzer to sound.

Blower. This refers to a mechanical device for creating a current of air. This is used in
being the wind source in doing our data gathering.
 10

Frequency. Refers to the rate at which something occurs or is repeated over a particular
period of time. This is a variable that we gathered in our data gathering.

Loudness. Refers to an attribute of a sound that determines the magnitude of the auditory
sensation produced by the device. This is a variable that we gathered in our data
gathering.

Rural residents. Refers to individuals who dwell in rural areas and are very susceptible
to unpreparedness-related calamities. They are fewer in number, and their homes and
places of work are far apart. These individuals will then be alerted by the product in the
event of impending or present strong winds, allowing them to prepare or evacuate
instantly.

Volume. It refers to the amount or strength of sound produced by the device. This is used
to determine the noise level of a sound or the measurement of a sound's quantity or
power; the volume in terms of the loudness of the buzzer to alert residents.

Wind Speed. Refers to a basic atmospheric quantity caused by the movement of air from
high to low pressure. This aids in indicating a change in weather patterns, such as a storm
that is approaching.

Open-gills. Refer to a novel approach in turbine design that involves features resembling
open gills. Our device is an open-gills device for having an open-gills resemblance.
 11

Chapter II
REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the related literature and related studies used in the study.

Related Literature

Natural disasters are typical phenomena that have a natural cause and are linked

to extreme weather changes or geological catastrophes. These catastrophes can occur

anywhere in the world (BooksForTopics, 2015). Also, a natural disaster is an

unanticipated occurrence according to Toppr, (2013), that has a detrimental effect on

civilization. Many natural disasters obliterate the environment and the inhabitants. It

consists of tsunamis, earthquakes, cyclones, hurricanes, and volcanic eruptions.

Tornadoes are natural disasters that are small vortex-like storms and can contain winds

above 100ms−1 stated by Simiu & Yeo, (2019).

Due to the financial losses, infrastructure damage, and human lives lost, disasters

frequently have serious effects on societies and communities and can cause development

to lag for years (Uitto, 2016). As said by Stawicki, et al. (2013) said wind disasters

(WDs) cause significant property damage and financial loss. There are indications that

the frequency of severe wind events has risen recently. In addition, wind-related disasters

significantly increase the likelihood of fatalities, injuries, and economic losses stated by,

Marchigiani et al., (2013). According to Bray, et al. (2020), windy circumstances can

cause mayhem. Homes may sustain damage or be destroyed by high winds during severe

thunderstorms and hurricanes, according to the Texas Extension Disaster Education

Network, (2014). Vehicles, buildings, bridges, and other outside structures can all be
 12

damaged or destroyed by strong winds, which can also turn loose material into deadly

projectiles.

Frequently, tens or hundreds of thousands of people lose power as a result of

tropical cyclones, preventing vital communication and hindering rescue efforts disclosed

to Manila Typhoon Center, (2013). These major adverse events can potentially cause

catastrophic loss of life and property damage. They are frequently unexpected and can

shock entire communities according to Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services

Administration (SAMHSA), (2022).

Geographically, the Philippines is highly susceptible to natural disasters. The

majority of the land area and nearly three-quarters of the population of the Philippines are

susceptible to multiple hazards, such as typhoons (World Bank, 2022). As stated by

Bollettino et al., (2018), the Philippines ranks among the top three nations for population

exposure and vulnerability to hazards. Yet, despite the Philippines experiencing

approximately 20 typhoons annually, only 36% of the population feels prepared. It is

indicative of the lack of preparedness in the disaster-prone country that nearly half of the

respondents did nothing to prepare for a natural disaster in the previous five years an

article by Olano, (2019) stated. Additionally, despite being one of the most disaster-prone

nations in the world, the majority of Filipino households reported feeling unprepared for

catastrophes and natural hazards due to a lack of resources as stated by Enano, (2019).
 13

An additional issue is the lack of news and internet access, especially in rural

areas. Information on the internet can help people advance personally, socially, and

economically (Broadband, 2020) supported. Through the media and social media, people

can get crucial meteorological information during an emergency. Local news can be

found via newspapers and broadcast television (Miller et al., 2012). One of the best ways

to solve this issue is through emergency risk communication (ERC), which involves

informing the public before, during, and after a natural disaster (Ulvi et al., 2019). Rural

areas typically have fewer resources to support the catastrophe response, said the Center

for catastrophe Philanthropy (2023). In contrast, people in smaller cities (31%) and rural

areas (34%) are more likely to just use "traditional" forms of media, like local print, than

people in larger cities (21%) and suburbs (16%).

In accordance to Lee et al., (2022) access to broadband infrastructure is more

challenging in rural areas, and these areas currently lag urban and suburban areas in terms

of fixed broadband by 54%. Another data from the Department of Information and

Communications Technology, (2020) shows that households in urban areas are more

likely to have access to the Internet than those in rural areas, with 32.3% of homes in

Metro Manila. Mirandilla-Santos, (2021) estimates that 20% of barangays are without

internet service providers. (ISPs). Aside from infrastructure development, maintaining a

trustworthy network in some rural locations is challenging due to their isolation.

The Deschutes County Sheriff's, (2013) article explained that disaster-related fear,

anxiety, and losses can be mitigated through preparation. Individuals, families, and
 14

communities should know about fire safety and storm shelters. People should be ready to

escape and seek safety in public shelters and address their basic medical needs.

Knowledge of the public’s awareness about risks from a natural disaster is of vital

importance to effective risk communication strategies (Shi et.al, 2015).

Open-Gills Design

A wind turbine is a device that uses the wind's kinetic energy to create electricity

ACCIONA, (2020). The contemporary equivalent of a windmill is a wind turbine. Simply

said, they generate electricity by harnessing the power of the wind (Nationalgrid, 2023).

In the article of Energy Education, (2019) wind turbines work by converting wind's

kinetic energy into mechanical power, which is then utilized to spin a generator to

produce electricity. In short, the article by National Geographic Society, (2022) sums up

the idea about wind turbines, that it is a device that harnesses the power of the wind to

produce electricity, which is how wind energy, also known as wind power, is produced.

These turbines could be land-based or maritime wind turbines. Kočí, (2020) stated that

clean energy sources include wind energy significantly, and the amount of energy that

can be generated by a wind turbine depends directly on the value of the wind speed in

that particular place. After hydropower, wind power is the second-most significant

renewable source of electricity. Although sporadic, it is ubiquitous (Breeze, 2016).

Wind energy is power generated by the wind's force. The rotor, which converts

kinetic energy into mechanical energy, and the generator, which converts this mechanical
 15

energy into electrical energy, are the two basic mechanisms used to extract energy from

the wind (CORPORATIVA, 2021). Rotational energy gathered by the modern wind

turbine is used to power an electrical generator, this in turn enables modern commercial

wind turbines to generate electricity (Selin, 2023). Electricity can be used in many ways,

usually, people use to operate appliances, computers, electronics, machinery, and public

transit systems as well as for lighting, heating, cooling, and refrigeration (U.S. Energy

Information Administration, 2023).

Two standard wind turbines are present, said Zhao et al., (2019). There are two

types of wind turbines: HAWTs (horizontal axis) and VAWTs (vertical axis), each with a

unique power performance curve. To investigate wind turbines, the aerodynamic

properties and turbulence models needed are provided. Science Direct Topics said that

HAWTs are wind turbines with their main rotor shaft and electrical generator located at

the top of a tower. The majority of them have a gearbox, which converts the rotor's slow

rotation into a faster rotation suitable for powering an electrical generator. On the other

hand, VAWTs have been said by Hyams, (2012) to be small wind turbines that typically

have an axis that is perpendicular to the ground. Furthermore, an article by LuvSide,

(2020) states that wind turbines with vertical shafts and vertically aligned blades are

known as vertical axis wind turbines. Despite the structural differences, they use wind

energy to produce electricity in a manner similar to horizontal axis wind turbines.

Article by Electrical Academia, (2018) says that a wind turbine is made up of five

main components and numerous auxiliary ones. The tower, rotor, nacelle, generator, and
 16

foundation or base are the main components. In accordance with Alrajeh, (2017), a wind

turbine consists of a tower constructed with steel components. The nacelle is then

mounted to the factory base frame, attached to the tower, and then connected to the

electrical communication system.

Due to their numerous advantages over conventional wind turbines, bladeless

wind turbines are a novel form of device that is quickly gaining favor. In contrast to

traditional turbines, which use a set of massive rotating blades to produce power,

bladeless turbines produce electricity through a process known as aerodynamic induction

(Greener Ideal 2022). These types of turbines have no moving parts or connections which

greatly minimizes maintenance (Bardakjian et al., 2017). The need for mechanical

components, which can deteriorate due to friction, is eliminated by bladeless wind

turbines. The risk of structural damage to the system can also be significantly decreased

thanks to the recent development of bladeless wind turbines.

The market for bladeless wind turbines is also primarily driven by the lighter

weight of bladeless turbines (Renewable Watch, 2020). Turbines without blades are

much quieter than those with blades. They don't have any gears or other noisy moving

parts. The potential of bird or bat collisions, a major issue with conventional turbines, is

also eliminated because there are no blades (Elstad, 2023). Bladeless wind turbines are

claimed to be much less noisy than conventional wind turbines, which will remove a

major barrier to the use of wind turbines in residential areas. Despite being less efficient

than conventional wind turbines, multiple bladeless wind turbines can be installed in the
 17

same area needed for one conventional wind turbine, increasing the overall amount of

power generated from the site (Dvorak, 2017). Turbines that have been redesigned and

streamlined, like the Vortex Bladeless turbine, drastically reduce manufacturing and

maintenance costs. These turbines are estimated to produce electricity at a cost between

30 and 45 percent less than standard turbines (U MConsultants, 2022). Due to the

absence of blades in this study's alarm system design, the risk of structural damage to the

system can be significantly reduced. As compared to the modern wind turbines, bladeless

wind turbines operate, only 20% of maintenance costs, produce and half of the operating

predicted to reduce costs less than 40 % of global power production costs Demirbas,

(2016) supported.

Wind Alarm System

In the article of National Weather Service, it says severe thunderstorms can

develop quickly, so an important component of a severe weather plan is a reliable

warning system. Wind speed alarm is an indispensable safety, planning, and evaluation

tool said Comptus, (2022). A wind speed alarm / wind alarm controller is utilized in the

construction, mining, agricultural, renewable energy, aviation, and maritime industries

for the continuous monitoring of wind speed (PCE Instruments, 2023). Currently, there

are a variety of wind monitoring equipment available.

A wind speed alarm is frequently used for continuous monitoring, as the alarm

system can deliver an audible and/or visual warning before harmful wind conditions

develop (Taylor, 2023). When wind speed criteria are exceeded, a siren and lights are
 18

activated to warn everyone on-site of potentially hazardous wind speeds and gusts (Wind

logger, 2023). These alarms detect and quantify high wind gusts of your choosing.

Choose from miles per hour, meters per second, or kilometers per hour (kph). These

alarms activate when the wind speed reaches the predetermined threshold stated by

Richards, (2017).

Blower Wheel

The fan inside the blower housing, also known as a squirrel cage fan, is known as

the blower wheels. These fans occasionally experience balance problems, dust or debris

loading (such as a neglected filter being drawn into the fan), weld failure, or rodent

incursions (HvacPartsShop, 2021). Stated in the article of Journeyman HQ, (2020) large

public facilities like factories, warehouses, and retail spaces benefit most from this sort of

fan. Systems for heating and cooling use squirrel cage fans. If specific air needs to be

moved about or removed from an area, they will also be employed in ductwork.

Blower wheels are a component of blower motors that play a crucial role in how

they function. Fresh air is circulated throughout the air duct system by the blower wheel.

Large amounts of air are moved via the duct system using a blower motor component.

Due to small squirrel cage blower fans being high in efficiency and low noise

characteristics, these blower fans are frequently used in environmental chambers to

regulate parameters such as humidity and temperature Inc., P. T., (2013).

 19

12v DC Motor

Teco Electric Motor, (2015) stated that a 12-volt direct current (DC) motor is a

rotary motor that can transform mechanical energy into DC electricity or vice versa. It

implies that the 12-volt DC motor is capable of converting mechanical and electrical

energy. Electric energy is transformed into mechanical energy when it is used as a DC

motor. Larger DC motors are utilized in hoists, elevators, and electric vehicles whereas

smaller DC motors are frequently employed in the manufacture of appliances, tools, toys,

and automobile mechanisms, such as electric car seats. A 12v DC motor is compact,

affordable, and has enough power for a variety of uses (MET Motors, 2016). Electric

motors are machines that convert electrical energy into mechanical energy, and they

currently dominate modern industry. They are easy to use, basic in design, and come in

many forms, allowing them to succeed in almost every situation (Thomasnet, 2020).

Piezoelectric Buzzer

Supported by APC International, (2013) a piezo buzzer is an electronic device

that creates a sound. It is lightweight, often inexpensive, and has a straightforward

design. Depending on the parameters of the buzzer, it is dependable and can be built in a

variety of sizes that operate over a range of frequencies. These buzzers have a high

resonance frequency, a wide frequency range, and high SPL values. Piezo buzzers are

frequently employed in alarms, warning systems, and vehicle alerts because of their

qualities. Moreover, they are employed in pest deterrent systems due to their ability to
 20

emit a variety of aural signals. Additionally, piezo buzzers require less current and

operate at higher operating voltages (APC International Ltd., 2020).

The reverse piezoelectric action is the basis for the piezo buzzer's sound

production. The core idea is to apply electric potential across a piezoelectric material to

generate pressure fluctuation or strain. These buzzers can be used to notify a user of a

situation related to a sensor input, counter signal, or switching action. In alarm circuits,

they are also utilized as said by Bhatt, A.

Light-Emitting Diode (LED)

When an electric current passes through a semiconductor device called a light-

emitting diode (LED), the LED emits light, BYJUS, (2023). The long lifespan of LEDs

over conventional lighting solutions is unquestionably their greatest benefit. The typical

LED has a lifespan of 50,000 to 100,000 operating hours or more. The majority of

fluorescent, metal halide, and even sodium vapor lamps cannot last as long as that

(Stouchlighting, 2016).

Gudgel & Boyd, (2022) explained that people often say seeing flashes of light is

like seeing "shooting stars” or "lightning streaks. Bright light exposure activates regions

of the brain that promote alertness and improves cognitive performance (Vandewalle et

al., 2006). Feloni, (2015) says we pay attention subconsciously and automatically to

certain sights, sounds, colors, and other sensory stimuli based on the contrast they have
 21

with their surroundings and the associations we have with them. Furthermore, as stated

by University of Liège, (2014), The brain and our health have been found to be

significantly impacted by light. It is a potent stimulant for human cognition and alertness

that is simple to take in order to enhance performance or mitigate the negative effects of

being sleepy, even during the day.

 22

Related Studies

In the study of Burgos, (2022), he stated that bladeless wind turbine utilizes

Bernoulli's principle to generate sustainable energy. It rotates in the same direction to

power a generator and provide financial incentives to users regardless of wind direction.

In the study of Kõrts, (2021) entitled Role of Windfarms for National Grids-challenges,

risks, and chances for Energy Security, said that with the recent development of bladeless

wind turbines, the danger of structural damage to the system can be greatly minimized as

our study’s alarm system design acts without the need of blades. The structure of

bladeless wind turbines is where they stand upright and vibrate in response to vortices.

They help in eliminating noise, and it also doesn't pose a threat to birds. On the other

hand, Reve, (2019) supported that bladeless wind turbines in their early stages are

currently less efficient in converting wind energy into electricity, limiting their large-

scale implementation,

In accord with Camacho et al., (2011) large wind turbines are at the forefront of

current energy resource developments. Studies are underway to determine the economic

and environmental feasibility of large wind turbines, which promise free energy from the

wind. Wind turbines have grown significantly since the 1970s, with an average power

output of 50 kW and blade length of 8 m.

Titchener & Babinsky, (2015) stated in a study entitled “A review of the use of

vortex generators for mitigating shock-induced separation,” supported that under a

variety of flow conditions, the best performance is achieved with vortex generators with a
 23

height of roughly half the boundary layer thickness and a shape similar to a swept vane.

This is supported by the study of Pastrikakis & Barakos, (2017) that there are a number

of devices for controlling flow separations from smooth surfaces, including leading-edge

flaps or slats, trailing-edge slotted flaps and Vortex Generators (VGs). Lin, (2002) said

on a study entitled “Review of research on low-profile vortex generators to control

boundary-layer separation,” that the low-profile vortex generators are best for being

applied to applications where flow-separation locations are relatively fixed and the

generators can be placed reasonably close upstream of the separation This illustrates the

effectiveness of vortex generators in relation to flow conditions, a factor that must be

addressed when designing wind-based generators.

As mentioned in the Theoretical Analysis of the Bladeless Wind Turbine

Performance by Adeyanju & Boucher, (2020). It is a novel idea to use vorticity as a

source of energy generation, and the bladeless wind turbine has the potential to be more

effective than the traditional horizontal axis wind turbine. Depending on the wind's

direction, an oscillating cylinder with the right design can capture its energy. As the

current bladeless turbine idea, which differs from bladed turbines in that it may operate at

a variety of supersonic operating points without experiencing unstarting, with simpler end

wall cooling and lower maintenance costs (Braun, et al., 2020).

Turbine alarms, may serve as a reliable signal of when a failure has occurred.

Turbine alarms can be caused by a system problem, which results in false alarms,

therefore they cannot be immediately linked to a failure. Investigating the environmental

 24

factors in-depth can help us better understand how failures happen. Additionally,

operators of offshore wind farms can create such a tool by simply adding maintenance

logs, turbine alarms, and wind speed measurements, which are accessible at all

operational site according to the Offshore wind turbine fault alert prediction by

Papatzimos, et al., (2019).

Based on Monfared, et al., (2009) study, it is challenging to calculate the

utilization factor of wind farms due to the unpredictability of wind speed over time and

from location to location. In order to maximize the effectiveness of wind power

generation systems, accurate long-term and short-term wind speed forecasts is crucial.

In the study entitled Improving disaster management using earth observations—

GEOSS and CEOS activities of Alameh, et al., (2013) suggests to create an international

community to focus on risk assessment and disaster management utilizing the facilities

available with the Group on Earth Observations (GEO). Peng & Li, (2013) also urge

architecture to control it by monitoring high density and then communicate in real time.

The significance of early warning for any extreme change in environmental parameter, as

opposed to rescue efforts after a catastrophe, can save more lives. As cited in the study

“Natural disaster monitoring with wireless sensor networks: A case study of data-

intensive applications upon low-cost scalable systems” by Chen et al., (2013) the design

mainly concerns reliable real-time data transmission and minimal energy consumption to

adapt to the harsh environments under threats.

 25

As explained by Iswaran, (2022) in his study, for farmers to protect their crops

from various wind disasters, wind speed forecasting can be very helpful. It's critical to

predict wind speed so that you can take preventative measures to lessen the harm that

strong winds can do. He, et al., (2021) stated that effective track monitoring, early

warning, and timely evacuation are principal measures to alleviate negative

consequences.

Vibration energy harvesting has caught the attention of researchers in recent years

due to a number of reasons and piezoelectric materials have been extensively researched

and used for vibration energy harvesting as supported by Mishra, et al., (2016). In

accordance to Sathyasri, et al., (2019) the piezo buzzer produce sound based on reverse

of the piezoelectric effect. These buzzers can be used to alert a user of an event

corresponding to a switching action, counter signal or sensor input.

Mishra, et al., (2016) on the study “Analysis of piezoelectric buzzers as vibration

energy harvesters,” supported that piezo buzzers can deliver a maximum power of 220

µW across a resistive load of 126 kΩ with a preload of 57 gm. Resonance frequencies of

22Hz and 24Hz were found, and the buzzer elements were used to charge a

supercapacitor up to 5 volts said. The system operates when the turbine oscillates and the

wind energy allows the piezoelectric buzzer to harvest energy, causing it to activate the

buzzer, alarms, and LED lights for notifying residents of impending strong winds. This

acquires a fast pace due to lack of a suitable investigation system as Mohanaprakash &
 26

Guna, (2018) conducted a study. By implementing the proposed system, the amount of

residents who are unaware of unexpectedly harmful winds would decrease.

Chapter III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research design, research locale, procedure, data

gathering procedure, and statistical treatment of the study.

Research Design

This study implemented a quantitative method of Research, particularly a Single-

Group Design wherein it involves a single treatment with two or more levels. Therefore,

any modification of the dependent variable is attributed to the intervention and the

outcomes were assessed over time. This design is considered adequate because this study

only consists of one group. This study further investigates the effectiveness of the Open-

gills Wind Alarm System on the speed in terms of the time it takes for the buzzer to alarm

rural residents and its volume in terms of loudness in alerting. In each variable, there are

3 treatments, T1, T2, and T3, ranging from 32-38 mph, 39-46 mph, and 55-63 mph of wind

speeds with 15 trials to prove that it is effective for rural residents to use for alerting. The

tables below show the structure of the design in the study.

Research Locale
 27

This study was conducted at Zamboanga del Sur National High School-Main

Campus, Roxas Street, Pagadian City, Zamboanga del Sur. The researchers’ school,

ZSNHS, is considered as the school with the largest student population in the province.

Specifically, the researchers conducted the gathering of data on the Alimanza Building,

Grade 10 - Eagle room to perform and record the data acquired on the speed in terms of

the time it takes for the buzzer to alarm and at Phase 1 Block 3 Lot 2, Purok Sampaguita,

Napolan Village, Pagadian City for the volume of the buzzer in terms of its loudness, as a

quiet space is required to conduct the experiments accurately and reliably.

Development of Open-gills Wind Alarm System

In making the Open-gills Wind Alarm System, the researchers along with the

electrician first trimmed the wood panels along the drawn lines for the device's base.

Then, the researchers constructed the stand from steel pipes, which will serve as the

device's stem. Next, drilled the steel PVC tee so that the DC motor will fit in, which will

serve as the holder for the DC motor. The 12-volt DC motor inside the steel PVC tee was

then attached to the steel pipe. The researchers then fasten the wheel blower on to the 12-

volt DC motor. After, the researchers drilled two holes in the square PVC box which will

be the box for the light and wirings, along with inserting the piezoelectric buzzer alarm

and the LED bulb. Finally, all the necessary wires have been connected and the device

has been tidied up. The device is now operational.

Data Gathering Procedure

 28

This study conducted 3 wind speed treatments to determine the speed and volume

of the Bladeless Wind Speed Sensor Alarm, having 15 trials to ensure accurate and

efficient results. For the speed of the device, the time it takes for the buzzer to alarm was

tested and the volume was measured in terms of the loudness of the buzzer in alerting

rural residents to dangerous winds.

Speed in terms of the time it takes for the buzzer to alarm

In gathering the data on the speed of the Open-gills Wind Alarm System in terms

of the time it takes for the buzzer to alarm rural residents, 3 ranging wind speed

treatments were applied such as 32-38 mph, 39-46 mph, and 55-63 mph of wind speed.

The researchers first placed the anemometer in the center of the device where breeze

comes in, and when the wind speed ranging from 32-38 mph, which is the T 1 was

reached, the stopwatch was then clicked to start, and tapped stopped once the buzzer has

sounded. This manner was followed for T2 and T3. There were 15 trials for each wind

speed treatment in accordance with the respected trials and to guarantee that the data

obtained is accurate and reliable. The data was thereafter recorded on the table of trials.

Volume in terms of the loudness of the buzzer

To determine the device’s volume in terms of the loudness of the buzzer in the

unit of dB (Decibel), wind speed treatment ranging from 32-38 mph, 39-46 mph, 55-63

mph were applied. The anemometer was positioned in the device's center, where wind

enters. The sound level meter was then pointed directly towards the buzzer when wind

speeds ranging from 32-38 miles per hour (T 1 of the study) were attained. The Decibel X:
 29

dB Sound Level Meter app was used. This manner was then followed for T 2 and T3. The

procedure was repeated 15 times to obtain the result in accordance with the respective

trials. The data was collected and logged on the table of trials.

Statistical Treatment

The data obtained from 15 trials of three treatments, were all measured and

recorded in a tabular format. The objective of the analysis was to determine whether there

were significant differences among the means of the 15 trials. To achieve this, the one-

way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) method was used. This design aims compares the

means of the groups you are interested in and assesses whether any of those means differ

from one another statistically significantly.

 30

Chapter IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION

This chapter includes the data gathered that were analyzed during the statistical

treatment with the subsequent findings and discussion.

Table 1
Production Cost of the Open-gills Wind Alarm System

MATERIALS AMOUNT

3v Zener Diode ₱30

Alexan Plastic Box ₱95
Tee Pipe ₱100
12v Dc Motor ₱85
Jumper Wires ₱200
Small LED bulbs ₱50
Blower Wheel ₱50
Steel Pipe ₱600
Compass ₱45
Paint ₱150
Steel Sheet ₱300
Electrician Fee ₱500

TOTAL ₱2,215.00
 31

Table 1 shows the overall production cost of the Open-gills Wind Alarm System.

The production cost came to a total of ₱1,715.00, according to the findings. The

materials' combined cost is ₱1,735.00, and the electrician's fee is ₱500, for a total cost of

₱2,215.00. Most online wind speed alarms are expensive due to advanced technologies,

such as motherboards for programming, and can cause energy consumption due to their

reliance on electricity. However, in our case, the materials can be found in thrift stores or

other inexpensive stores, and the best part is that it does not require electricity to

function, which is great for an impoverished community because electricity is very

expensive. Therefore, when purchasing the product, consumers can save a substantial

amount of money on a high-quality item that can help them remain vigilant during

emergencies as the average annual family income is ₱307, 190 as stated in the latest

report of 2021 by Lagasca, (2021).

Table 2

Comparison on the speed of the Open-gills Wind Alarm System among different
wind speeds in terms of the Time it Takes for the Buzzer to Alarm

TIME IT TAKES FOR THE BUZZER TO ALARM

TREATMENTS Trials (Seconds) MEAN
(Wind speeds)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

32-38 mph 0.60 0.58 0.2 0.47 0.42 1.0 0.84 0.88 0.2 0.79 1 0.4 0.61 0.36 0.4 0.599
3 1 8 9 2
39-46 mph 0.59 0.91 0.5 0.44 0.76 0.3 0.21 0.52 0.5 0.55 0.33 0.2 0.81 0.76 0.9 0.568
2 7 6 9 0
 32

55-63 mph 0.74 0.85 0.6 0.55 0.61 0.9 0.43 0.41 0.2 0.62 1 0.7 0.62 0.53 0.5 0.613
1 2 5 6 9

GRAND 0.593
MEAN:

Results of the study on the speed in terms of the time it takes for the buzzer to

alarm among wind speeds ranging from 32-38 mph, 39-49 mph, 55-63 mph is shown in

Table 1. It indicates that the wind speed ranging from 32-38 mph has a mean of 0.599,

wind speed ranging from 39-46 mph has a mean of 0.568 and wind speed ranging from

55-63 mph has a mean of 0.613 across 15 trials. The time difference from each distance

shows only a minor difference between each treatment with only a slight difference of

0.045 seconds between 39-46 mph and 55-63 mph, a 0.031 seconds difference between

32-38 mph and 39-46 mph and 0.014 difference between 32-38 mph and 55-63 mph.

Table 3

One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) on the speed of the Open-gills Wind

Alarm System among different wind speeds in terms of the Time it Takes for the
Buzzer to Alarm
Source of Variation SS df MS Fc Ftab Decision Interpretation

Between Groups 0.031 2 0.015

Do not No significant
Within Groups 2.124 42 0.050 0.310 0.734
reject H0 difference

Total 2.155 44

One-Way Analysis of Variance shown in table 3 proved that there is no

significant difference among the wind speeds in terms of the time it takes for the buzzer
 33

to alarm using the Open-gills Wind Alarm System as evidenced by the computed value

0.310 which is lesser than the F-tabular value 0.734 at 0.05% level of significance, as a

result of not rejecting the null hypothesis. Therefore, there is no significant difference on

speed in terms of the time it takes for the buzzer to alarm among wind speeds ranging

from 32-38mph, 39-46 mph, 55-63 mph. To put it another way, the speed of the time it

takes for the buzzer to alarm is essentially the same regardless of whether the wind is

blowing strongly or gently. According to a statement of General Chemistry/The Quantum

Model, (2019), an electron moves in some definite direction at a definite speed.

Additionally, applying an alternating voltage to the piezoelectric ceramic material, a

piezo buzzer sound. With the presence of such an input signal, the piezoceramic vibrates

quickly, producing sound waves (APC, 2020). Furthermore, the average speed at which

electrons travel in a conductor when subjected to an electric field, is about 1mm per

second stated by Gareth, (2023).

Table 4
Comparison on the Volume of the Open-gills Wind Alarm System among different
wind speeds in terms of the Loudness of the Buzzer

TREATMENTS MEAN
(Wind speed)
LOUDNESS OF THE BUZZER
Trials (Decibels)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

32-38 mph 87 82 85 81 84 81 8 82 81 83 83 8 87 81 8 83.733

3 4 5
39-46 mph 90 92 91 93 93 91 8 91 94 93 93 9 93 94 9 92.000
9 4 4
55-63 mph 102 98 96 96 97 96 9 98 98 96 96 9 103 96 9 97.800
6 6 9
 34

GRAND 91.177
MEAN:

The table of comparison on the volume in terms of the loudness of the buzzer, as

reflected in Table 4 indicates that the means among the three treatments ranging from 32–

38 mph, 39–46 mph, and 55–63 mph. The table shows that the data were recorded in 15

trials for each wind speed with the T 1 having a mean of 83.733, T 2 with a mean of 92.000

and T3 with a mean of 97.800. It indicated that the highest output is T 3 and the lowest

output is the T3. With that, it is shown that there is an 8.267 difference between T1 and T2,

5.8 difference between T2 and T3 and lastly, a 14.067 difference between T1 and T3 as we

subtracted the treatments to get their difference. The decibel difference from each

treatment mean shows a major difference between each wind speed.

Table 5
One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) on the Volume of the Open-gills Wind
Alarm System among different wind speeds in terms of the Loudness of the Buzzer
Source of
SS df MS Fc Ftab Decision Interpretation
Variation

Between Groups 1563.911 2 781.955

Significant
Within Groups 166 42 3.952 197.844 4.212 Reject H0
difference

Total 1729.911 44 39.316

Results on One-way Analysis of Variance in Table 4 shows that the F computed

value of 197.844 is more than the F tabulated value of 4.212 at a 0.05% level of

significance which means that there is a significant difference, therefore, the null

hypothesis is rejected. This implies that the wind speeds ranging from 32-38 mph, 39-46
 35

mph, and 55-63 mph does significantly affect the volume in terms of the loudness of the

buzzer. The results appear to mean that the loudness of the buzzer is proportional to the

speed of the wind: the faster the wind, the louder the buzzer. The findings also indicated

that as more electricity flows into the buzzer, the alarm will sound louder. A louder

buzzer requires a higher voltage (DrDiettrich, 2019). Increasing the voltage makes it so

that buzzers sound louder according to Science Topic. Chad, (2016) said that the voltage

drop across a resistor increases with increasing resistance.

 36

Chapter V

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

In this chapter, the study’s summary, the researchers’ conclusions drawn from the

findings, and the resulting recommendations are presented.

Summary of Findings

Strong winds and rapid changes in temperature that blindside individuals are

unusual in our region. The Philippines is a country that is geographically prone to strong

winds, which often lead to significant destruction of both life and property. Due to the

Philippines geographic location, the Philippines is vulnerable to tropical cyclones which

frequently results in powerful winds that cause severe damage to crops and property, as

the article of PAGASA, (2022) supported. The lack of signal in some rural areas, which

may or may not be rendered to such disasters, is another issue. The majority of cell

towers are situated in more affluent cities, leaving almost a million Filipinos without

access to digital connectivity (Balinbin, 2021).

The researchers conducted this study to create a Open-gills Wind Alarm System

that helps rural residents in alarming for both upcoming and present high wind speeds to

lessen individuals be oblivious of the occurrences as they have limited sources to be alert.

When wind speeds ranging from 32-38 mph, 39-46 mph, and 55-63 mph are reached, the

device immediately alerts the surrounding area through a buzzer and light display that

they do not require any electricity or WiFi connection to access its functions.
 37

To assess the effectiveness of the intervention, a Single-Group Design was

employed, involving a single treatment with multiple levels. This design enables

attributing any changes in the dependent variable to the intervention, and the outcomes

were evaluated over time. Given the nature of this study, involving only one group, this

design was considered appropriate.

The collected data from fifteen trials, each involving three different treatments,

was recorded and organized in tabular form. The analysis aimed to determine if there

were significant differences among the means of the fifteen trials. To achieve this, the

researchers utilized a one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) approach. This design

allows for comparing the means of the groups of interest and evaluating whether any of

those means differ from one another in a statistically significant manner.

Conclusions

In conclusion, this research study has provided significant insights into the realm

of wind disasters and the current state of the art wind speed alarm systems. The findings

have highlighted the primary causes of accidents resulting from wind disasters, namely

inadequate preparation and delayed information dissemination, primarily attributed to the

infrequency of strong winds in the Philippines, which often leaves residents unaware and

unprepared. Additionally, limited digital connectivity, such as during power outages, has

been identified as another contributing factor hindering timely communication and rescue

efforts. Particularly, rural residents face heightened vulnerability due to the lack of signal
 38

coverage, which leaves them uninformed about ongoing events and limits their

preparation time.

Furthermore, the study has revealed a crucial gap in the current wind alarm

technology landscape. While several devices exist to alert residents of strong winds, their

reliance on electricity renders them ineffective during power outages. Notably, there is a

lack of self-sufficient wind speed alarm technology capable of generating its own

electricity for uninterrupted operation. This research serves as a valuable resource to

enhance the existing knowledge base regarding wind speed alarm systems and address

these informational gaps.

Moving forward, the concept of self-sufficient wind speed alarm technology holds

promise for advancing the development of efficient wind speed alarm systems. By

applying the idea of wind speed alarm systems that can generate their own electricity,

researchers and innovators can contribute to improving the effectiveness and reliability of

wind speed alarm systems. The findings of this study provide a solid foundation for

further exploration and innovation in this field, ultimately fostering greater preparedness

and resilience in the face of wind disasters.

Recommendations

Based on the findings of this research study, the researchers highly recommend

the adoption of the Open-gills Wind Alarm System by individuals, regardless of their

susceptibility to wind disasters. This recommendation holds particular significance for

 39

those residing in rural areas. The implementation of this device will enable citizens to

receive early warning alerts regarding high wind conditions, thereby enhancing their

safety and preparedness during severe weather events. Given the often limited awareness

surrounding wind disasters, the Open-gills Wind Alarm System can significantly mitigate

the risks associated with such events and prevent avoidable casualties.

Furthermore, there is room for improvement in the device's design through the

incorporation of logic gates. By integrating logic gates, the device can be enhanced with

an indicator that provides real-time information about the current wind speed. This could

be achieved through the use of LED indicators, where specific LEDs illuminate only

when the device reaches a certain voltage or when the wind speed falls within a

predetermined range. Such an innovation would enable consumers to have a clear

understanding of the wind conditions using the device, allowing them to make informed

decisions and take appropriate actions accordingly.

This comprehensive study not only offers a wealth of invaluable insights but also

provides indispensable recommendations for future research in the captivating field of

open-gills wind alarm systems technology. Aspiring researchers can leverage the

meticulous examination and analysis presented in this study to establish a solid

foundation for their own endeavors. The information and knowledge acquired from this

research serve as a veritable treasure trove, facilitating the development of increasingly

sophisticated and efficacious devices. Armed with the insights gleaned from this study,
 40

future innovators can push the boundaries of technological advancement, ushering in a

new era of safety and security during wind disasters.

 41

REFERENCES

Article

ACCIONA. (2020) What Is a Wind Turbine and How It Works | ACCIONA.

https://bit.ly/3odwHiD

APC International (2013) Piezo Buzzers - Products. https://bit.ly/3Ws1vZT

APC International Ltd. B (2020). Piezo Buzzers Vs. Magnetic Buzzers — What’s the

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 55

APPENDICES
 56

Appendix A
METHODOLOGY FLOW CHART
 57

Appendix B1
STATISTICAL COMPUTATION

Speed in terms of the Time It Takes for the Buzzer to Alarm

Gather the materials Build the base of the product
Find the sum of squares

TREATMENTS
32-38 mph 39-46 mph 55-63 mph
X1 X12 X1 X1 2
X1 X12
0.60 0.36 0.59 0.35 0.74 0.55
0.58 0.34 0.91 0.83 0.85 0.72
0.23 0.05 0.52 0.27 0.61 0.37
0.47 0.22 0.44 0.19 0.55 0.30
0.42 0.18 0.76 0.23 0.61 0.37
1.01 1.02 0.37 0.14 0.92 0.21
0.84 0.71 0.21 0.04 0.43 0.85
0.88 0.77 0.52 0.27 0.41 0.17
Wire the components Attach the wheel blower
0.28 0.08 0.56 0.31 0.25 0.06
along with the dc motor
0.79 0.62 0.55 0.30 0.62 0.38
1 1 0.33 0.11 1 1
0.49 0.24 0.29 0.08 0.76 0.58
0.61 0.37 0.81 0.66 0.62 0.38
0.36 0.13 0.76 0.23 0.53 0.28
0.42 0.18 0.90 0.81 0.59 0.35
Sums 8.98 6.27 8.52 4.82 9.49 6.57
Mean 0.599 0.568 0.613
N 15 15 15
∑ x T = 26.99 ∑ x T = 17.66
2 NT = 45

1 SSWITHIN = 0.891 + 0.682 + 0.550

( ∑ x ⅈj )
2
SSTOTAL = ∑ x ij −
2

i, j N i, j
= 2.124
Attach the LED light, compass The product is now ready
and piezo electric
26.99buzzer
2
= 17.66 -
45
= 2.155

SSBETWEEN = SSTOTAL - SSWITHIN

= 2.155 – 2.124
= 0.031
 58

Find the degrees of freedom

dfBETWEEN¿ k −1 dfWITHIN ¿ N−k

¿ 3−1 ¿ 45−3
¿2 ¿ 42

dfTOTAL ¿ N−1 Fcrit = 3.220

¿ 44

Find the mean of squares

SS between SS within SS total

MSBETWEEN¿ MSWITHIN¿ MSTOTAL¿
df between df within df total
0.031 2.124 2.155
¿ ¿ ¿
2 42 44
¿ 0.015 ¿ 0.050 ¿ 0.048

Find the ratio

MS between
Fc ¿
MS within
0.015
¿
0.050
¿ 0.310
 59

Appendix B2
STATISTICAL COMPUTATION

Volume in terms on the Loudness of the Buzzer

Find the sum of squares

TREATMENTS
32-38 mph 39-46 mph 55-63 mph
X1 X12 X1 X12 X1 X12
87 7569 90 8100 102 10404
82 6724 92 8464 98 9604
85 7225 91 8281 96 9216
81 6561 93 8649 96 9216
84 7056 93 8649 97 9409
81 6561 91 8281 96 9216
83 6889 89 7921 96 9216
82 6724 91 8281 98 9604
81 6561 94 8836 98 9604
83 6889 93 8649 96 9216
83 6889 93 8649 96 9216
84 7056 94 8836 96 9216
87 7569 93 8649 103 10609
81 6561 94 8836 96 9216
85 7225 94 8836 99 9801
Sums 1249 104,059 1385 127,917 1463 142,763
Mean 83.733 92.000 97.800
N 15 15 15
∑ x T = 4097 ∑ x T = 374,739
2 NT = 45
1
(∑ x ⅈj )
2
SSTOTAL = ∑ x ij −
2
SSWITHIN = 58.933 + 35.335 + 71.732
i, j N i, j

= 166
40972
= 374,739 -
45
= 1729.911

SSBETWEEN = SSTOTAL - SSWITHIN

= 1729.911 - 166
 60

= 1563.911

Find the degrees of freedom

dfBETWEEN¿ k −1 dfWITHIN¿ N−k

¿ 3−1 ¿ 45−3
¿2 ¿ 42

dfTOTAL¿ N−1 Fcrit = 3.220

¿ 44

Find the mean of squares

SS between SS within SS total

MSBETWEEN¿ MSWITHIN¿ MSTOTAL¿
df between df within df total
1563.911 166 1729.911
¿ ¿ ¿
2 42 44
¿ 781.955 ¿ 3.952 ¿ 39.316

Find the ratio

MS between
Fc ¿
MS within
781.955
¿
3.952
¿ 197.844
 61

Appendix C
TABLE OF SIGNIFICANCE
 62

Appendix D1
DOCUMENTATION OF DATA GATHERING

Speed in terms of the Time it Takes for the Buzzer to Alarm

Measuring the specific wind speeds Preparing the stopwatch

Measuring the time after 39- Measuring the time after 32-38
46 mph of wind blows in mph of wind blows in

Measuring the time after 55-63 Organizing the data

mph of wind blows in
 63

Appendix D2
DOCUMENTATION OF DATA GATHERING

Volume in terms on the Loudness of the Buzzer

Measuring the specific wind speeds Preparing the decibel meter app
 64

Appendix E
BIOGRAPHICAL DATA

The Researchers

Name: Biandre Marikar A. Anito

Nickname: Kar-kar

Age: 15

Sex: Female
Measuring the loudness after Measuring the loudness after 32-
39-46 mph of wind blows in 38 mph of wind blows in
Civil Status: Single

Religious Affiliation: Roman Catholic

Birthday: July 03, 2005

Birthplace: Davao City

Address: Phase 1 Block 3 Lot 2, Purok Sampaguita, Napolan Village, Pagadian City

Father's Name: Bimbo P. Anito

Measuring the loudness after Organizing the data
Mother's Maiden
55-63 mph ofName: Bernalyn
wind blows in T. Agravante

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary: Pagadian City Pilot School

Secondary: Zamboanga del Sur National High School

Motto: “Walk towards your dreams, yet don't forget to look back and come back home.”

Aim: To become more contented.

 65

BIOGRAPHICAL DATA

Name: Lehayne Pearl C. Pablo

Nickname: Hayne
Age: 16
Sex: Female
Civil Status: Single
Religious Affiliation: Roman Catholic
Birthday: February 6, 2007
Birthplace: Pagadian City
Address: Salazar St. Sta. Maria District Pagadian City
Father's Name: Jefferson Pablo
Mother's Maiden Name: Elizabeth A. Chiu

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary: Pagadian Golden School Learning Center

Secondary: Zamboanga del Sur National High School
Motto: “Determined efforts are more reliable than miracles.”
Aim: To find fulfillment.
 66

BIOGRAPHICAL DATA

Name: Reinalie Niña C. Bucayong

Nickname: Niña
Age: 16 years old
Sex: Female
Civil Status: Single
Religious Affiliation: Roman Catholic
Birthday: January 17, 2007
Birthplace: Municipality of Dumalinao
Address: Binigno St., Purok Malinawon B Paglaum, Dumalinao, Zamboanga del Sur
Father's Name: Reynaldo T. Bucayong
Mother's Maiden Name: Roselie M. Casayas

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary: Dumalinao Region Pilot School

Secondary: Zamboanga del Sur National High School
Motto: "Vision without action is a daydream."
Aim: To became the best version of myself.
 67

BIOGRAPHICAL DATA

Name: Edrian Mark D. Sumampong

Nickname: Chimp/Chimbon/Ed/Eddy/Edna/Banana
Age: 16 Sex: Male
Civil Status: Single
Religious Affiliation: 7th-Day Adventist
Birthday: March 1, 2007
Birthplace: Pagadian City
Address: Alta Tierra Tiguma, Pagadian City
Father's Name: Edward Z. Sumampong
Mother's Maiden Name: Marvelyn A. Dela Cruz

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary: Pagadian City Pilot School

Secondary: Zamboanga del Sur National High School
Motto: "Always be nice to others despite their colors."
Aim: 私がインクレディブルの中でヒーローたちのスーツを作った女の子の名前
にちなんだあだ名が付けられていることをご存知ですか?