PHONETIC IS THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF ALL ASPECTS OF THE SPOKEN FORM OF LANGUAGE.

THERE
ARE 3 TYPES: ARTICULATORY (vocal form), AUDITORY(physical) and ACOUSTIC

PHONOLOGY: DESCRIBES HOW SOUNDS OCCUR, ITS LANGUAGE SPECIFIC.

PHONEMES: REGULARLY USED SOUNDS. EACH SOUND IS REPRESENTED WITH A SPECIAL SYMBOL.

ORGANS OF SPEECH: CAN BE DESCRIBED UNDER 3 SYSTEMS

1) RESPIRATORY SYSTEM(LUNGS, MUSCLES OF THE CHEST AND WINDPIPE)

2) PHONATORY SYSTEM(BEFORE THE AIRSTREAM GOES OUT OF THE MOUTH IT GOES UNDER
LARYNX AND VOCAL CORDS

THERE ARE 3 IMPORTANT POSITIONS OF THE VOCAL CORDS:

- CAN BE DRAWN APART

- LOOSELY TOGETHER
- TIGHTLY TOGETHER.
3) ARTICULATORY SYSTEM: AFTER THE LARYNX THE AIRSTREAM PASSES THROUGH 9 OTHER
ORGANS (LIPS, ALVEOLAR BRIDGE, SOFT PALATE, TONGUE, GLOTTIS, TEETH, HARD PALATE,
UVULA AND PHARYNX)

ARTICULATORS:

 PHARYNX: A TUBE ABOVE THE LARYNX. IT CONTROLS THE ORAL AND NASAL CAVITIES.
 SOFT PALATE: SOF AND MOVEABLE PART OF THE ROOF OF THE MOUTH, AFTER HARD
PALATE
 HARD PALATE: HAR BONY SURFACE OF THE ROOF OF THE MOUTH. NOT MOVEABLE
 ALVEOLAR RIDGE: BETWEEN FRONT TEETH AND HARD PALATE. PRODUCES ALVEOLAR
SOUND
 TONGUE: MOST INPORTANT ARTOCULATOR. DIVIDED INTO: TIP BLADE FRONT BACK AND
ROOT
 TEETH: THESE SOUNDs ARE MADE WITH THE TONGUE TOUCHING THE UPPER
TEETH(DENTALS) AND THESE SOUND CAN ALSO BE PRODUCED BY INSERTING THE TIP OF
THE TONGUE BETWEEN THE UPPER AND LOWER TEETH (INTERDENTALS)
 LIPS: IMPORTANT ROLE IN PRODUCING CERTAIN SPEECH SOUNDS SPECIALLY WITH
VOWELS. 3 MOVEMENTS: PRESSED TOGETHER(BILABIALS), BROUGHT INTO CONTACT W/
TEETH (LABIODENTAL), NEUTRAL, SPREAD OR ROUNDED.

THERE ARE ALSO CONTRIBUTING ARTICULATORS SUCH AS THE LARYNX, THE JAW IS
SOMETIMES CALLED AN ARTICULATOR AND THE NASAL CAVITY.

VOWEL: IS A SPEECH SOUND. ITS MAIN ORGAN OF SPEECH WHEN PRODUCING A VOWEL
SOUND IS THE TONGUE. IT IS PRODUCED WITH NO OBSTRUCTION OF THE AIR FLOW. THE AIR
PASSES FROM THE LARYNX TO THE LIPS. Can be classified based on the position of the tongue,
the height of the tongue, and the rounding of the lips.

Tongue position:

 Front vowels: articulated with the front of the tongue raised towards the HARD PALATE
  Back vowels: articulated with the back of the tongue raised towards the SOFT PALATE.
 Central vowels: articulated with the CENTRE of the tongue raised towards that part of
the roof of the mouth which is between the hard palate and the soft palate

Tongue height:

 Close Vowels–articulated with the tongue raised close to the roof of the mouth, but
with a gap between them wide enough for the lung air to escape freely, without
friction
 Open Vowels-articulated with the tongue far away from the roof of the mouth
 MID Vowels-articulated with the tongue raised between the close and the open
positions.

Lip rounding:

 Rounded vowels: The lips are rounded while producing the vowel sound.
 UNROUNDED VOWELS: LIPS EITHER SPREAD OR NEUTRAL.

DIPHTHONGS

Sounds made when the tongue and lips move from one position to another but in one
syllable. The first part is much longer than the second. They can be classified in two groups
CLOSING (ending w/ i or u) or CENTRING (ending in ə)

TRIPHTHONGS

Glide from one vowel to another and then to a 3 rd one. Produced rapidly and without
interruption. Composed of diphthongs + ə.

MONOLOGUE

an extended speech by one person. Three types:

1. Soliloquy: Found in drama. The character Spears to himself and doesnr

address anyone
2. Dramatic monologue: The person’s speech addresses someone oe
something
3. Internal Monologue: Representan one’s thoughts. Is represented in itálica in
bookd.