Physics for Engineers

Group Laboratory Report

Group Number: 1 Rating: Experiment No. 2
Title: Uniformly Accelerated
Course/Year/Section: BSME 1-3
Motion
Date Performed: April 26, 2023 Date Submitted: May 2, 2023
Members Present:

Leader: 1. Beradia, Darwin

2. Aguilar, Benjie R. 12. Cruz, Jhon Paul
3. Antion, Paulo C. 13. Cuevas, Anthony Jason P.
4. Aspera, Andrea R. 14. Danga, Kate Justine M.
5. Bitang, Andrei Nicole M. 15. De Jose, Eymard Ulrich C.
6. Buenaventura, Danes 16. Duarong, April H.
7. Cabungason, Michael Jacques L. 17.
8. Calipusan, Jessa B. 18.
9. Caranto, Daniel Paul T. 19.
10. Casing, Marie Nicole F. 20.
11. Catalan, Ashanti Dominique Gwynne D. 21.
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DATA:

Total time Total Distance Distance Distance Average Acceleration

interval distance traversed traversed traversed Speed per (cm/s²)
traversed during the during the during 1 interval a= 2s/t²
(cm) 1st time 2nd time interval (cm/s)
interval S1 interval S2 (cm) v=s/t
(cm) (cm)

4.8 100 35 68 33 20.84 8.68

3.27 100 33.0 63.2 30.2 30.58 18.70

2.70 100 34.0 65.0 31 37.04 27.43

2.15 100 35.1 67.2 32.1 46.30 43.27

1.60 100 36.0 71.6 35.6 62.89 78.13

1.10 100 37.0 73.0 36 90.09 165.29

Note: Trial 1 is from the online data, while trials 2 to 6 are from the FTF data given by the instructor.
FIGURES:

Figure 1: Rolling a steel ball on a horizontal plane

Figure 2: A steel ball on an inclined plane, with a small angle of
inclination.

Figure 3: Total time of the descent of the steel ball on an inclined

plane, with a small angle of inclination.
Figure 4: The three time intervals of the descent of the steel ball
on an inclined plane, with a small angle of inclination.

Figure 5: The total distance traversed by the steel ball for every time interval.

COMPUTATION AND ANALYSIS:

1. From the tabulated distance measurements, compute the distance traversed by the
steel ball in each successive time interval and record these values. The distance
traversed during the first time interval and the distance traversed for the next time
interval.

Trial 1 Trial 2
S1=35 cmS2=68 cm S1=33 cmS2=63.2 cm
Distance traversed during 1 interval (cm): Distance traversed during 1 interval (cm):
S2−S 1=S S2−S 1=S
68 cm−35 cm=33 cm 63.2 cm−33 cm=30.2 cm

Trial 3 Trial 4
 S1=34 cmS2=65 cm S1=35.1 cmS2=67.2 cm
Distance traversed during 1 interval (cm): Distance traversed during 1 interval (cm):
S2−S 1=S S2−S 1=S
65 cm−34 cm=31 cm 67.2 cm−35.1 cm=32.1 cm

Trial 5 Trial 6
S1=36 cmS2=71.6 cm S1=37 cmS2=73 cm
Distance traversed during 1 interval (cm): Distance traversed during 1 interval (cm):
S2−S 1=S S2−S 1=S
71.6 cm−36 cm=35.6 cm 73 cm−37 cm=36 cm

2. Using the distance traversed in each time interval and the recorded interval, compute the
average speed during each time interval.
Trial 1:
Given: Formula:
t=1.6 s S1=35 cm s v + v +v
v= v ave = 1 2 3
S2=33 cm S3=32 cm t 3

Solution:

S1 35 cm S3 32cm
v1 = ¿ ¿ 21.9 cm/ s v3 = ¿ ¿ 20 cm /s
t 1.6 s t 1.6 s

S2 33 cm
v 2= ¿ ¿ 20.6 cm/ s 21.9+20.6+ 20
t 1.6 s v ave = v ave =20 .8 cm / s
3
Trial 2:
Given: Formula:
t=1.09 s S1=33 cm s v + v +v
v= v ave = 1 2 3
S2=30.2 cm t 3
S3=36.8 cm

Solution:

S1 33 cm S3 36.8 cm
v1 = ¿ ¿ 30.3 cm/ s v3 = ¿ ¿ 33.8 cm/s
t 1.09 s t 1.09 s

S2 30.2cm
v 2= ¿ 30.3+27.7+ 33.8
t 1.09 s v ave = v ave =30 .6 cm/ s
3
¿ 27.7 cm/s

Trial 3:
Given: Formula:
t=0.9 s S1=34 cm s v + v +v
v= v ave = 1 2 3
S2=31 cmS3=35 cm t 3

Solution:
 S1 34 cm S3 35 cm
v1 = ¿ ¿ 37.8 cm /s v3 = ¿ ¿ 38.9 mc/ s
t 0.9 s t 0.9 s

S2 31cm
v 2= ¿ ¿ 34.4 cm/ s 37.8+34.4 +38.9
t 0.9 s v ave = v ave =37 .0 cm/s
3

Trial 4:
Given: Formula:
t=0.72 s s v + v +v
S1=35.1 cm v= v ave = 1 2 3
t 3
S2=32.1 cm
S3=32.8 cm

Solution:

S1 35.1cm S3 32.8 cm
v1 = ¿ v3 = ¿ ¿ 45.6 cm/s
t 0.72 s t 0.72 s
¿ 48.8 cm/ s

S2 32.1cm 48.8+44.6+ 45.6

v ave = v ave =46 . 3 cm/s
v 2= ¿ 3
t 0.72 s
¿ 44.6 cm/s

Trial 5:
Given: Formula:
t=0.53 s S1=36 cm s v + v +v
v= v ave = 1 2 3
S2=35.6 cm t 3
S3=28.4 cm

Solution:

S1 36 cm S3 28.4 cm
v1 = ¿ v3 = ¿ ¿ 53.58 cm/s
t 0.53 s t 0.53 s
¿ 67.92 cm/s

S2 35.6 cm 67.92+67.17+ 53.58

¿ v ave =
v 2= 3
t 0.53 s
¿ 67.17 cm/s v ave =62. 89 cm/s

Trial 6:
Given: Formula:
t=0.37 s S1=37 cm s v + v +v
v= v ave = 1 2 3
S2=36 cmS3=27 cm t 3

Solution:
 S1 37 cm S3 27 cm
v1 = ¿ ¿ 100 cm/s v3 = ¿ ¿ 72.97 cm /s
t 0.37 s t 0.37 s

S2 36 cm
v 2= ¿ 100+ 97.30+ 72.97
t 0.37 s v ave = v ave =90 . 09 cm/s
3
¿ 97.30 cm/s

1 2
3. Using equation 4, s=v 1 t + a t , compute the acceleration using the total distance recorded and
2
the corresponding total time. Compute the average value of the acceleration thus obtained.
Formula:
1
s=v 1 t + a t 2
2
Trial 1:
Given:
Time (t) = 4.8s
Distance (s) = 100cm
v1 =0 cm/ s

Required:
a=?

Solution:
1
s=v 1 t + a t 2
2
1
100 cm=( 0 )( 4.8 s )+ ( a )( 4.8 s )
2
2
[ 1 2
]
100 cm= ( a ) ( 4.8 s ) ( 2 )
2
2
200 cm a ( 4.8 s )
200 cm=a ( 4.8 s )2 2
= 2
( 4.8 s ) ( 4.8 s )
2
8.69 cm /s =a
Trial 2:
Given:
Time (t) = 3.27s
Distance (s) = 100cm
v1 =0 cm/ s

Required:
a=?

Solution:
1
s=v 1 t + a t 2
2
1
100 cm=( 0 )( 3.27 s ) + ( a ) ( 3.27 s )
2
2
[ 1 2
]
100 cm= ( a ) ( 3.27 s ) ( 2 )
2
2
200 cm a ( 3.27 s )
200 cm=a ( 3.27 s )2 2
= 2
( 3.27 s ) ( 3.27 s )
 2
18.70 cm/s =a
Trial 3:
Given:
Time (t) = 2.70s
Distance (s) = 100cm
v1 =0 cm/ s

Required:
a=?

Solution:
1
s=v 1 t + a t 2
2
1
100 cm=( 0 )( 2.70 s ) + ( a ) ( 2.70 s )
2
2
[ 1
]
100 cm= ( a ) ( 2.70 )2 ( 2 )
2
2
200 cm a ( 2.70 s )
200 cm=a ( 2.70 s )
2
2
= 2
( 2.70 s ) ( 2.70 s )
2
27.43 cm/s =a

Trial 4:
Given:
Time (t) = 2.15s
Distance (s) = 100cm
v1 =0 cm/ s

Required:
a=?

Solution:
1 2
s=v 1 t + a t
2
1
100 cm=( 0 )( 2.15 s ) + ( a ) ( 2.15 s )2
2 [ 1 2
]
100 cm= ( a ) ( 2.15 s ) ( 2 )
2
2
2 200 cm a ( 2.15 s )
200 cm=a ( 2.15 s ) 2
= 2
( 2.15 s ) ( 2.15 s )
2
43.27 cm/s =a
Trial 5:
Given:
Time (t) = 1.60s
Distance (s) = 100cm
v1 =0 cm/ s

Required:
a=?

Solution:
1 2
s=v 1 t + a t
2
 1
100 cm=( 0 )( 1.6 s ) + ( a ) ( 1.6 s )
2
2
[ 1
]
100 cm= ( a ) ( 1.6 s )2 ( 2 )
2
2
200 cm a ( 1.6 s )
200 cm=a ( 41.6 )
2
2
= 2
( 1.6 s ) ( 1.6 s )
78.13 cm /s 2=a

Trial 6:
Given:
Time (t) = 1.10s
Distance (s) = 100cm
v1 =0 cm/ s

Required:
a=?

Solution:
1
s=v 1 t + a t 2
2
1
100 cm=( 0 )( 1.1 s )+ ( a ) ( 1.1 s )
2
2
[ 1
]
100 cm= ( a ) ( 1.1 s )2 ( 2 )
2
2
200 cm a ( 1.1 s )
200 cm=a ( 41.6 )
2
2
= 2
( 1.1 s ) (1.1 )
2
165.29 cm/s =a

Average Acceleration:
a1+ a2 +a3 + a4 + a5+ a6 8.68+ 18.70+ 27.43+43.27+ 78.13+ 165.29 2
a ave = a ave = a ave =56 . 92cm/ s
6 6

4. Plot a curve to show the relationship between the total distance traveled and the time
elapsed.

Trial 1 Trial 2

Trial 3 Trial 4
 Trial 5 Trial 6

CONCLUSION:
The main purpose of conducting this experiment was to study the uniformly accelerated motion of a
body rolling down an inclined plane. The data in trial 1 was based on the online experiment while the data in
trials 2-6 were recorded during the face-to-face experiment. A condition wherein the angle of elevation of the
inclined plane gets higher per trial was applied. The result of the experiments showed that the first trial had an
acceleration of 8.68 cm/s2, 18.70 cm/s2 for the 2nd trial, 27.43 cm/s2 for the 3rd trial, 43.27 cm/s2 for the 4th trial,
78.13 cm/s2 for the 5th trial and 165.29 cm/s2 for the acceleration of the 6th trial. From the following results, it is
evident that the value of acceleration increases per trial. Thus, we can conclude that the higher the elevation,
the faster the acceleration. We can also conclude that the lower the elevation, the longer the time it takes for
the body to traverse the total distance of the inclined plane. In addition, since the object rolled down in an
inclined surface, the body’s velocity in each trial changes at a constant rate, undergoing a uniform acceleration
regardless of time.

ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS:

1. Differentiate speed from velocity.

Speed is the time rate at which an object is moving along a path, while velocity is the rate and
direction of an object's movement. Speed is a scalar value while velocity is a vector quantity. Speed
indicates how fast an object is moving and its value may never be zero or negative. If the object
changes direction, it won’t matter because the count of average speed will continue. Speed is
calculated as the difference traveled per unit of time.
 On the other hand, velocity indicates how fast the object is moving along with its position and its
value may be zero, negative or positive. When the direction changes, there will be a change in the
object’s velocity; thus, an object should follow one direction. Velocity is calculated as the displacement
of a thing per unit of time.

2. Define average velocity and relative velocity.

Average velocity is defined as the change in position or displacement (x) divided by the time
intervals (t) during which the displacement happens is the definition of average velocity. Based on the
direction of the displacement, the average velocity might either be positive or negative. Meters per
second (m/s or ms-1) is the SI measure for average velocity.
For example, a person who takes 40 minutes to travel 20 miles north, then 20 miles south (ending up in
the same location), for instance, has an average speed of 1 mile per minute (60 mph) for those 40
miles.

However, relative velocity is the speed of one object B in the rest frame of another object A.
There are times when one or more objects move in a frame that isn't stationary relative to another
observer. For instance, a boat traveling through a river with a certain rate of flow or an airplane flying
through the air while being affected by the wind. It is sometimes defined as the velocity of a body in
reference to another body and average velocity is velocity between certain time periods; it's like a kind
of mean(μ) of two velocities.

3. What is the difference between instantaneous acceleration and uniform acceleration?

Give examples.
Instantaneous acceleration refers to the acceleration of an object at a particular moment in time.
It is the rate of change in an object's velocity at a specific instant. For example, the acceleration of a car
at a particular moment in time during a journey can be measured using a speedometer.

Uniform acceleration, on the other hand, refers to a constant acceleration over a period of time.
This means that the acceleration of an object does not change over time, and it has a fixed value. An
example of uniform acceleration is when an object is falling freely due to gravity, as gravity produces a
constant acceleration of 9.8 m/s^2 near the Earth's surface.

4. Describe an experiment other than that which you have performed in the laboratory
which would show how a body with uniformly accelerated motion behaves.
It uses an inclined plane at a given angle then, as a substitute for the steel ball, it uses a cart
attached with a ticker tape timer that will produce dots on the paper which will determine the
acceleration of the cart as the angle of the inclined plane increases. The ruler will determine the
distance traveled by the cart in the form of a dot (e.g., 5 dots = 1.5cm). It first identifies 55 continuous
dots from the ticker tape by counting the 5 dots interval. From that, we get the difference from the 5
dots consecutively that determines the distance traveled. To get the average speed, the distance
traveled by the cart over time, which is 5 dots. For acceleration, final velocity minus the initial velocity all
over time. Most of the results result in the same acceleration, as the cart is moving downwards the
acceleration should be constant and with that it observes the uniform accelerated motion.

5. How is uniform linear acceleration related to acceleration due to gravity? Give their
similarities and/or differences by citing specific examples.
If there is no air resistance and an object is at a particular location on Earth, then it will fall with a
uniform linear acceleration, which is associated with the acceleration due to gravity. An object
experiences acceleration owing to gravity when it descends freely toward the surface of the earth from
a specific height. This acceleration is caused by a change in the object's velocity. The force of gravity
causes objects to fall towards the ground. The force of gravity accelerates objects as they descend to
the ground's surface. It is claimed that an object experiences uniform acceleration when it is moving in
a straight line while accelerating at certain periods of time. Uniform acceleration is demonstrated by an
object free falling. The term “Acceleration” refers to a change in velocity, which is a measurement of
motion's direction and speed.