1st Quarter Performance Task

GENERAL PHYSICS 1
Free Fall
MATERIALS/ APPARATUS

• Paper (flat)
• Paper (crumpled)
• Stone
• Notebook
• Ballpen
• Cellphone video camera
• Meterstick
PROCEDURE

1.      Place meterstick perpendicular to a flat surface.

2.      Position the object on the specified height (0.5 m, 1.0 m, 1.5 m, 2.0 m, and 2.5 m).

3.      Take a video while dropping the flat paper. Take the initial time  (time the object is dropped) and
the final time  (the object hits the surface) from the video recorded.

4.      Calculate time .

5.      Take 5 trials.

6.      Record data in Table 1.

1st Quarter Performance Task
GENERAL PHYSICS 1

FREE FALL
Figure 1: Sample experiment setup
Data and Results
Table 1: Paper (flat)

Name of group member: Paul Christian T. Pinili

Date Performed: Oct 20, 2021

Distance (y)   Time, t (s) Average time, g=2y/T^2

T (s)

(m) T2-T1=t
The sum from
trial 1-5 then
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5 divide by 5

0.5 1.21s  1.08s 0.92s  1.09s  0.89s  1.038 s  0.93 m/s^2 

1.0 2.02s  1.58s  1.37s  1.84s  1.53s  1.668 s 0.71 m/s ^2

1.5 2.43s   2.47s   1.96s  2.02s 1.83s 2.142 s  0.65 m/s ^2

2.0 3.15s  2.67s 2.27s 2.54s  2.86s  2.698 s  0.55 m/s ^2

2.5 3.19s  3.69s  2.55s  2.61s 2.99s  3.006 s 0.55 m/s ^2

Table 2: Paper (crumpled)

Name of group member: Yrell Dave T. Obdamin

Date Performed: October 20,2021

  Distance (y) Time, t (s) Average time, g=2y/T^2

T (s)

(m)
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5

0.5 1.27  1.23  1.09  0.95  2.01  1.31 s  0.58 m/s^2 

1.0 2.02 1.00  1.37  1.10  1.08  1.31 s 1.16 m/s^2 

1.5 2.65 2.47  2.10  1.10 2.14     2.25 s  0.59 m/s^2 

2.0 3.14 2.67  2.56  2.03  2.36      2.55 s  0.61 m/s^2 

2.5 3.56 3.10  2.55  2.61  2.99      2.96 s 0.57 m/s^2 

Table 3: Stone

Name of group member: Nimrod Miguel. Ko

Date Performed: Oct 19, 2021

   
Distance (y) Time, t (s) Average time, g=2y/T^2
T (s)

(m)
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5

0.5 0.16 s  0.24 s 0.16 s  0.08 s  0.16 s  0.16 s  39.06 m/s^2 

1.0 0.24 s 0.29 s 0.24 s  0.26 s 0.24 s 0.254 s 31 m/s^2 

1.5 0.56 s 0.32 s 0.34  s  0.32 s  0.34 s 0.376 s   21.22 m/s^2 

2.0 0.64 s 0.40 s  0.53 s 0.34 s  0.40 s  0.462 s 18.74 m/s^2 

2.5 0.96 s  0.74 s 0.56 s 0.64 s 0.56 s 0.692 s 10.44 m/s^2

Table 4: Notebook

Name of group member: Eddrick L. Miano

Date Performed: Oct 16, 2021

   
  Distance (y) Time, t (s) Average time, g=2y/T^2
  T (s)

(m)
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5

0.5 0.39 s 0.48 s 0.16 s 0.12 s 0.48 s 0.326 s 9.41 m/s^2 

1.0 0.40 s 0.50 s 0.46 s 0.56 s 0.56 s 0.496 s 8.13 m/s^2

1.5 0.45 s 0.65 s 0.72 s 0.72 s 0. 88 s 0.684 s 6.41 m/s^2

2.0 1.27 s 0.97 s 0.88 s 1.11 s 1.02 s 1.05 s 3.63 m/s^2

2.5 1.76 s 1.13 s 1.34 s 1.44 s 1.12 s 1.358 s 2.71 m/s^2 

Table 5: Ballpen

Name of group member: Precious May I. Olpos

Date Performed: October 16, 2021

  Distance (y)   Time, t (s) Average time, g=2y/T^2

  T (s)  
 
(m)
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5

0.5 0.40 s 0.33 s 0.32 s 0.48 s 0.32 s 0.37 s 7.30 m/s^2

1.0 0.56 s 0.56 s 0.56 s 0.56 s 0.48 s 0.544 s 6.76  m/s^2

1.5 0.56 s 0.80 s 0.60 s 0.56 s 0.60 s 0.624 s 7.70 m/s^2

2.0 0.81 s 0.73 s 0.80 s 1.05 s 1.29 s 0.936 s  4.57  m/s^2 

2.5 0.89 s 1.12 s 1.28 s 1.28 s 1.31 s 1.176 s  3.62 m/s^2 

    
Objects Average Acceleration
   
 Paper (Flat)
   
 Paper (Crumpled)
   
 Stone
   
 Notebook
   
 Ballpen

The average acceleration due to gravity for the flat paper is 0.678 m/s^2
and for the crumpled paper is 0.702 m/s^2. The acceleration due to
gravity for the crumpled paper is higher because it has less surface area,
having less air resistance than the flat one.
    
Objects Average Acceleration
   
 Paper (Flat)
   
 Paper (Crumpled)
   
 Stone
   
 Notebook
   
 Ballpen

The average acceleration due to gravity for the crumpled paper is 0.702
m/s^2, and for the stone is 24.092 m/s^2. The acceleration for the stone
is significantly higher because it has less surface area, which makes it
less susceptible to air resistance, is way denser than the crumpled paper.
    
Objects Average Acceleration
   
 Paper (Flat)
   
 Paper (Crumpled)
   
 Stone
   
 Notebook
   
 Ballpen

The average acceleration due to gravity for the flat paper is 0.678 m/s^2,
and for the stone is 24.092 m/s^2. The acceleration for the flat paper is
significantly lower because it has way more surface area, which makes it
susceptive to air resistance than the stone.
    
Objects Average Acceleration
   
 Paper (Flat)
   
 Paper (Crumpled)
   
 Stone
   
 Notebook
   
 Ballpen

The average acceleration due to gravity for the flat paper is 0.678 m/s^2,
and the notebook is 6.058 m/s^2. The acceleration for the notebook is
higher because although it has a similar surface area to the flat paper,
the notebook is denser than the flat paper. Both are affected by air
resistance due to their surface area, but the heavier notebook clearly
plows through more air and falls faster.
    
Objects Average Acceleration
   
 Paper (Flat)
   
 Paper (Crumpled)
   
 Stone
   
 Notebook
   
 Ballpen

The average acceleration due to gravity for the stone is 24.092 m/s^2,
and the ballpen is 5.99 m/s^2. The acceleration for the stone is higher
because although they both have small surface areas, the stone is denser
than the ballpen, so it falls at a higher rate.
Equation for Percentage
Error:
 
|𝑬𝒙𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒍 − 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍|
% 𝒆𝒓𝒓𝒐𝒓= × 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍
A. PAPER (FLAT)

Height Experimental value of Theoretical value of Percentage error of g

the acceleration due to the acceleration due
gravity to gravity

0.5 m 0.93 m∕s2 9.8 m∕s2 % error=0.93-9.89.8×100

                                = 90.51%
1.0 m 0.71 m∕s2 9.8 m∕s2 % error=0.71-9.89.8×100
                                = 92.76%
1.5 m 0.65 m∕s2 9.8 m∕s2 % error=0.65-9.89.8×100
                                = 93.37%
2.0 m 0.55 m∕s2 9.8 m∕s2 % error=0.55-9.89.8×100
                                = 94.39%
2.5 m 0.55 m∕s2 9.8 m∕s2 % error=0.55-9.89.8×100
                                = 94.39%
B. PAPER (CRUMPLED)

Height Experimental value of Theoretical value of Percentage error of g

the acceleration due to the acceleration due
gravity to gravity

0.5 m 0.58 m∕s2 9.8 m∕s2 % error=0.58-9.89.8×100

                                = 94.08%
1.0 m 1.16 m∕s2 9.8 m∕s2 % error=1.16-9.89.8×100
                                = 88.16%
1.5 m 0.59 m∕s2 9.8 m∕s2 % error=0.59-9.89.8×100
                                = 93.98%
2.0 m 0.61 m∕s2 9.8 m∕s2 % error=0.61-9.89.8×100
                                = 93.78%
2.5 m 0.57 m∕s2 9.8 m∕s2 % error=0.57-9.89.8×100
                                = 94.18%
C. STONE

Height Experimental value of Theoretical value of Percentage error of g

the acceleration due to the acceleration due
gravity to gravity

0.5 m 39.06 m∕s2 9.8 m∕s2 % error=39.06-9.89.8×100

                                = 298.57%

1.0 m 31 m∕s2 9.8 m∕s2 % error=31-9.89.8×100

                                = 216.33%
1.5 m 21.22 m∕s2 9.8 m∕s2 % error=21.22-9.89.8×100
                                = 116.53%
2.0 m 18.74 m∕s2 9.8 m∕s2 % error=18.74-9.89.8×100
                                = 91.22%
2.5 m 10.44 m∕s2 9.8 m∕s2 % error=10.44-9.89.8×100
                                = 6.53%
D. NOTEBOOK

Height Experimental value of Theoretical value of Percentage error of g

the acceleration due to the acceleration due
gravity to gravity

0.5 m 9.41 m∕s2 9.8 m∕s2 % error=9.41-9.89.8×100

                                = 3.98%
1.0 m 8.13 m∕s2 9.8 m∕s2 % error=8.13-9.89.8×100
                                = 17.04%
1.5 m 6.41 m∕s2 9.8 m∕s2 % error=6.41-9.89.8×100
                                = 34.59%
2.0 m 3.63 m∕s2 9.8 m∕s2 % error=3.63-9.89.8×100
                                = 62.96%
2.5 m 2.71 m∕s2 9.8 m∕s2 % error=2.71-9.89.8×100
                                = 72.35%
E. BALLPEN

Height Experimental value of Theoretical value of Percentage error of g

the acceleration due to the acceleration due
gravity to gravity

0.5 m 7.30 m∕s2 9.8 m∕s2 % error=7.30-9.89.8×100

                                = 25.51%
1.0 m 6.76 m∕s2 9.8 m∕s2 % error=6.76-9.89.8×100
                                = 31.02%
1.5 m 7.70 m∕s2 9.8 m∕s2 % error=7.70-9.89.8×100
                                = 21.43%
2.0 m 4.57 m∕s2 9.8 m∕s2 % error=4.57-9.89.8×100
                                = 53.37%
2.5 m 3.62 m∕s2 9.8 m∕s2 % error=3.62-9.89.8×100
                                = 63.06%
Although, some of the data is not consistent with this conclusion. It is
because some objects such as the flat and crumpled paper, the notebook, and
the ballpen have a large surface area and/or a lighter mass and air resistance
decreases their acceleration further as height increases. As for the
percentage error of the objects at each height, the percentage gets higher if
the value of the acceleration of the object at a specific height is getting
lesser or greater than the theoretical value, which is 9.8 m/s2.
For example, the acceleration of the notebook dropped at 0.5 meters has a gravitational
acceleration of 9.41 m/s^2, which is closest to the theoretical value; that is why it has a 3.98%.
The notebook has a greater surface area than others; dropping it at higher heights, its acceleration
significantly decreases because of air resistance. Another example is that as the stone is dropped
at 0.5 meters, it has an acceleration of 39.06 m/s^2, which is farthest from the theoretical value of
the gravitational acceleration of an object. However, as the height increases, the acceleration
decrease and gets closer to 9.8m/s^2. The stone neglects air resistance at 2.5 meters as it is more
compact and has less surface area.
What exactly is meant by a “freely falling” object? What is the effect of
air resistance on the acceleration of falling objects? What is the
acceleration with no air resistance?
A free-falling object is an object that is falling under the sole impact of gravity. Any
article or object being followed up on simply by the power of gravity is supposed to
be in a condition of free fall. Air resistance performs the opposite of the movement of
an object due to gravity. Air resistance affects falling objects by lowering their
acceleration. Falling objects would accelerate significantly quicker if there was no air
resistance.
 As applicants for the Gravitational Physicist Fellowship 2021, we assure you that
our data, results, and conclusions are reliable and critically unbiased. As we conduct
the experiment, everyone has their role in this project. Every applicant must be
observant, ethical, wise, and careful in experimenting to be more efficient. It is our
responsibility to utilize all the experience and knowledge that we have gained.