lDate: 01/03/2017 Week: 4

Name: Sumeet Sanjay Kumar

Student ID: S11144688
Partners Name: Rashna Kajol
Lata
Experiment 4
Title: Experiments on Cooling
Aim:
To study the rate of cooling
liquids and use it to:
 Verify the Newton’s law of
cooling and;
 Determine the specific heat
of a liquid
Apparatus:
2 Calorimeters with lid and
stirrer, 2 thermometers, 2
stopwatches, oil, 2 Electric hot
plates, 2 x 500ml glass beakers.
Method:
Date: 01/03/2017 Week: 4
Name: Sumeet Sanjay Kumar
Student ID: S11144688
Partners Name: Rashna Kajol
Lata
Experiment 4
Title: Experiments on Cooling
Aim:
To study the rate of cooling
liquids and use it to:
 Verify the Newton’s law of
cooling and;
 Determine the specific heat
of a liquid
Apparatus:
2 Calorimeters with lid and
stirrer, 2 thermometers, 2
stopwatches, oil, 2 Electric hot
plates, 2 x 500ml glass beakers.
Method:
Date: 01/03/2017 Week: 4
Name: Sumeet Sanjay Kumar
Student ID: S11144688
Partners Name: Rashna Kajol
Lata
Experiment 4
Title: Experiments on Cooling
Aim:
To study the rate of cooling
liquids and use it to:
 Verify the Newton’s law of
cooling and;
 Determine the specific heat
of a liquid
Apparatus:
2 Calorimeters with lid and
stirrer, 2 thermometers, 2
stopwatches, oil, 2 Electric hot
plates, 2 x 500ml glass beakers.
Method:
Date: 01/03/2017 Week: 4
Name: Sumeet Sanjay Kumar
Student ID: S11144688
Partners Name: Rashna Kajol
Lata
Experiment 4
Title: Experiments on Cooling
Aim:
To study the rate of cooling
liquids and use it to:
 Verify the Newton’s law of
cooling and;
 Determine the specific heat
of a liquid
Apparatus:
2 Calorimeters with lid and
stirrer, 2 thermometers, 2
stopwatches, oil, 2 Electric hot
plates, 2 x 500ml glass beakers.
Method:
Date: 01/03/2017 Week: 4
Name: Sumeet Sanjay Kumar
Student ID: S11144688
Partners Name: Rashna Kajol
Lata
Experiment 4
Title: Experiments on Cooling
Aim:
To study the rate of cooling
liquids and use it to:
 Verify the Newton’s law of
cooling and;
 Determine the specific heat
of a liquid
Apparatus:
2 Calorimeters with lid and
stirrer, 2 thermometers, 2
stopwatches, oil, 2 Electric hot
plates, 2 x 500ml glass beakers.
Method:
Date: 01/03/2017 Week: 4
Name: Sumeet Sanjay Kumar
Student ID: S11144688
Partners Name: Rashna Kajol
Lata
Experiment 4
Title: Experiments on Cooling
Aim:
To study the rate of cooling
liquids and use it to:
 Verify the Newton’s law of
cooling and;
 Determine the specific heat
of a liquid
Apparatus:
2 Calorimeters with lid and
stirrer, 2 thermometers, 2
stopwatches, oil, 2 Electric hot
plates, 2 x 500ml glass beakers.
Method:
Date: 01/03/2017 Week: 4
Name: Sumeet Sanjay Kumar
Student ID: S11144688
Partners Name: Rashna Kajol
Lata
Experiment 4
Title: Experiments on Cooling
Aim:
To study the rate of cooling
liquids and use it to:
 Verify the Newton’s law of
cooling and;
 Determine the specific heat
of a liquid
Apparatus:
2 Calorimeters with lid and
stirrer, 2 thermometers, 2
stopwatches, oil, 2 Electric hot
plates, 2 x 500ml glass beakers.
Method:
Date: 01/03/2017 Week: 4
Name: Sumeet Sanjay Kumar
Student ID: S11144688
Partners Name: Rashna Kajol
Lata
Experiment 4
Title: Experiments on Cooling
Aim:
To study the rate of cooling
liquids and use it to:
 Verify the Newton’s law of
cooling and;
 Determine the specific heat
of a liquid
Apparatus:
2 Calorimeters with lid and
stirrer, 2 thermometers, 2
stopwatches, oil, 2 Electric hot
plates, 2 x 500ml glass beakers.
Method:
Date: 01/03/2017 Week: 4
Name: Sumeet Sanjay Kumar
Student ID: S11144688
Partners Name: Rashna Kajol
Lata
Experiment 4
Title: Experiments on Cooling
Aim:
To study the rate of cooling
liquids and use it to:
 Verify the Newton’s law of
cooling and;
 Determine the specific heat
of a liquid
Apparatus:
2 Calorimeters with lid and
stirrer, 2 thermometers, 2
stopwatches, oil, 2 Electric hot
plates, 2 x 500ml glass beakers.
Method:
Date: 01/03/2017 Week: 4
Name: Sumeet Sanjay Kumar
Student ID: S11144688
Partners Name: Rashna Kajol
Lata
Experiment 4
Title: Experiments on Cooling
Aim:
To study the rate of cooling
liquids and use it to:
 Verify the Newton’s law of
cooling and;
 Determine the specific heat
of a liquid
Apparatus:
2 Calorimeters with lid and
stirrer, 2 thermometers, 2
stopwatches, oil, 2 Electric hot
plates, 2 x 500ml glass beakers.
Method:
Date: 01/03/2017 Week: 4
Name: Sumeet Sanjay Kumar
Student ID: S11144688
Partners Name: Rashna Kajol
Lata
Experiment 4
Title: Experiments on Cooling
Aim:
To study the rate of cooling
liquids and use it to:
 Verify the Newton’s law of
cooling and;
 Determine the specific heat
of a liquid
Apparatus:
2 Calorimeters with lid and
stirrer, 2 thermometers, 2
stopwatches, oil, 2 Electric hot
plates, 2 x 500ml glass beakers.
Method:
Date: 01/03/2017 Week: 4
Name: Sumeet Sanjay Kumar
Student ID: S11144688
Partners Name: Rashna Kajol
Lata
Experiment 4
Title: Experiments on Cooling
Aim:
To study the rate of cooling
liquids and use it to:
 Verify the Newton’s law of
cooling and;
 Determine the specific heat
of a liquid
Apparatus:
2 Calorimeters with lid and
stirrer, 2 thermometers, 2
stopwatches, oil, 2 Electric hot
plates, 2 x 500ml glass beakers.
Method:
 PH102
LAB REPORT
EXPERIMENT NO: 2
Title: The Compound Pendulum
DATE: 03/03/2023
WEEK: 3
NAME: Kaushal Kelvin Prasad
STUDENT ID: s11221044
LAB PARTNER: SalatanTuises
AIM:
To analyze data from a compound pendulum's activity in order to better understand
its behavior to find:

the values of “g” and “k” (the radius of gyration).

Apparatus
 A metal bar of length 1 meter
 A Knife edge support of the bar, which will be used as the axes of rotation.
 1 stopwatch
 A meter rule
 Electronic weight balance
 Vernier caliper

Method:
As per Lab Manual Reference: (PH102 Lab Manual, Experiment 2 page 5-10)
 Introduction/Theory:
A compound pendulum has an extended mass, like a swinging bar, and is free to
oscillate about a horizontal axis. A special reversible compound pendulum called
Kater’s pendulum is designed to measure the value of g, the acceleration of
gravity(Robins,1998).

Ideal "simple pendulum" consists of a point mass at the end of a weightless thread.
You may get quite close to the perfect pendulum by suspending a huge spherical
from a narrow rope or wire. Yet for the vast majority of real-world circumstances,
a pendulum cannot be that near to perfection. So, while calculating the behavior of
a real pendulum mathematically, it is necessary to account for the rotational inertia
of the various parts. The equation has the following structure when the oscillation's
amplitude is modest:

√
2 2
T=2π k + h
gh

Where:

T is the period of oscillation

k is the radius of gyration with respect to the centre of the mass.

h the distance from the centre of mass to the axis of rotation

g acceleration of gravity

The distance k from the axis is the radius of gyration of mass M around the axis.
An equal mass is referred to as a Point Mass at this distance, k. This Point Mass's
moment of inertia with respect to the initial axis is unaltered. The body's moment
of inertia I may then be calculated as follows:

I  M k2
Equation (1) can be rewritten into the form (by squaring both sides and
rearranging)

4 π2 k2
T h=¿)h +(
2 2
)
g

Equation (3) is in the form Y m X C . The terms in parentheses are the slope and
the y-intercept that results from plotting a straight line graph of t 2 h vs h2

(Kumar ∧Deo, 2012).

Results: Experiment 2

Table 1

1. Calculation for Moment of Inertia

2. Calculation for “k” (theoretical) with uncertainties.

Mass (0.8272±0.0010)kg

Length (1.02±0.001)m

Width (0.059± 0.001¿ m

Moment of Inertia (3.08± 3.70 ¿× 10−3kgm2

 h (m) Time 1 (s) Time 2 (s) Time 3 (s) T (s)

 0.001m  0.1s 0.1 s  0.1s  0.1s

0.475 47.98 47.80 47.55 1.50

0.425 47.98 48.12 47.99 1.60

0.375 45.41 45.30 45.44 1.51

0.325 45.40 45.43 46.01 1.51

0.275 46.25 46.32 46.25 1.54

0.225 46.38 46.40 46.57 1.55

0.175 49.16 49.22 49.30 1.64

0.125 53.31 53.20 53.44 1.78

Table 2

Time for 30 oscillations Period

Table 3

h (m) T (s) T (S )
2 2
T h ( S m)
2 2
h (m )
2 2

 0.001m 0.1 s 0.1 S2 0.10 S2m 0.001 m2

0.475 1.50 2.25 1.0688 0.21

0.425 1.60 2.56 1.088 0.18

0.375 1.51 2.28 0.855 0.14

0.325 1.51 2.28 0.741 0.11

0.275 1.54 2.37 0.660 0.08

0.225 1.55 2.40 0.540 0.05

0.175 1.64 2.69 0.4708 0.03

0.125 1.78 3.17 0.3963 0.02

Graph of T h vs h2 2

0.25

0.2

0.15

0.1

0.05

0
0.02 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.11 0.14 0.18 0.21

Analysis
 1. Determine the moment of inertia
2 2

I=m( L +W
12
¿

I=0.827 2 ± 0.0010¿ )

Answer
3.08±3.70×10−3 kgm2

1. Calculate for “k” With uncertainties?

I=Mk 2
 √ √
K= I =
M
3.08
0.8272
= 1.93± 0.01

Questions
1. It should be noted that equation (2) may be written as and is a quadratic
equation in the variable h.
2
4π
¿)h2 −T 2+( )=0
g
As a result, it is implied that for each given value of T, there may be two
potential values of h(h1 h2). To demonstrate this, solve for h1 and h2.
Where:
2
k =h 1h 2
where the two values for the specified period T are h1 and h2.
2
4π 2
( )h −T 2 h+¿)=0
g
h= −( 2.5) ± √ ¿ ¿ ¿

h1=0.25
h2=0.46
2. Calculate the value of k using equation (5) and contrast it with the value that
was previously derived via steps (2) and (4) (6)
k =¿(h1.h2)
2

k 2=¿ √(0.25 ×0.46 )¿

K=0.34

3. Graph of T vs h
 0.5

0.45

0.4

0.35

0.3

0.25

0.2

0.15

0.1

0.05

0
1.7 1.6 1.55 1.54 1.51 1.51 1.6 1.5

Discussion:
To explore a compound pendulum's behavior, specifically to utilize the data
of that behavior to determine the values of "g" and "k," the experiment was
conducted (the radius of gyration). The experiment was carried out using a
variety of instruments. The behavior of a compound pendulum was shown
using a metal bar that was one meter long and had holes punched at equal
intervals. a support for the bar with a knife edge that serves as the axis of
rotation. a Vernier caliper, a meter rule, an electronic weight balance, and
one timer.
Conclusion:
To sum up, this was a really insightful experiment from which we gained
knowledge. In order to better understand the behavior of a compound
pendulum, data from its activity must be analyzed. As the distance from the
center of gravity on the metal bar drops, the time interval nevertheless rises,
creating an inversely proportional connection.

Reference:
Kumar, D. and Deo, M. ed., 2012. PH102 Laboratory manual. The
University Of the South Pacific. page(11-14)
Richard .F. 2006.
https://farside.ph.utexas.edu/teaching/301/lectures/node141.html