DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

DJJ3053: ENGINEERING MECHANICS

LABORATORY

TITLE:
VELOCITY, ACCELERATION, FORCE AND MOTION
(LAB REPORT 2)

PREPARED FOR:
CHEN WONG KEONG

PREPARED BY:
NAME MATRIX NO.
JOHN LEE ANAK NGULAN 20DKM18F2033
MOHD SAIFUL BIN SAFARI 20DKM18F2035
WONG CHUNG SIONG 20DKM18F2036
MOHD ASYRAAF MOHD ALI 20DKM18F2037
JURIM ANAK KUYAN 20DKM18F2038

SESSION: DECEMBER 2019

OBJECTIVE
1. To conduct an experiment with motion and force.
2. To distinguish between speed and velocity.
3. To observe the causes of acceleration.

THEORY :

FORCE AND MOTION

When an object all of a sudden chaanges its velocity and/or direction, we can always find an
interaction between that object and its surroundings that is responsible for this change. We
state the surroundings exert a force on the object studied. Under the influence of a force, an
object will accelerate. The force laws allow us to calculate the force acting on a body from the
properties of the body and its environment. The laws of motion are subsequently used to
calculate the acceleration of the object under influence of the force. In this course we will be
discussing the laws of motion obtained by Newton. This is called Newtonian mechanics. It
should be realized that Newtonian mechanics does not always provide correct answers. If the
speed of the objects involved is an appreciable fraction of the speed of light, we must replace
Newwtonin mechanics by Einstein’s special theory of relativity. For problems on the scaale
of atomic structure we must replace Newtonian mechanics by quantum mechanics.

VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION

Speed is the rate of motion, or the rate of change of position. Its is expressed as distance
moved (s) per unit of time (t). speed ids a scalar quantity with dimensions disstance/time.
Speed is measured in the same physical units of measurements in the as velocity, but does not
contain an element of direction. Speed is thus the magnitude component of velocity. Velocity
contains both the magnitude and ddirection components. Acceletration, (symbol : a) is
defined as the rate of change of velocity. It is thus a vector quantuty with dimensuion
length/time^2. In SI units, acceleration is measured in meter/seconds^2. To accelerate an
object is to change its velocity, which is accomplished by altering either its speed or direction
(like in case of uniform circular motion) in relation to time. Acceleration can have positive
and negative values. Any time that the sign (+ or -) of the acceleration is the same as the sign
of the velocity, the object will speed up. If the signs are opposite, the object will slow down.
Acceleration is a vector quantity. When either velocity or direction changes, there is
acceleration (or deceleration). To accelerate an object requires the application of a force.

APPARATUS
1. Plywood or other ramp material.
2. Toy car
3. Stop watch
4. Stacked books

PROCEDURES
i. The angle of ramp are calculated. From the surface of the table to the height of the ramp
are measured. The result in angle degree were write down on the data chart.
ii. The car are released down the ramp three times (3X) start from 2 difference distance SI
and S2 then the time are recorded at which it traveled each time.
iii. The speed of each experiment are calculated. Formula of velocity. v= s/t
iv. The experiment are repeated with the new angle of the ramp.
RESULTS
Ɵ1 : 40°

Number of trial on Distance, S1 (cm) Time car travelled Velocity of the car
the ramp (second) travelled
(cm/second)
1 50 0.64 78.13
2 50 0.66 75.76
3 50 0.50 100
Average =84.63 cm/second

Number of trial on Distance, S2 (cm) Time car travelled Velocity of the car
the ramp (second) travelled
(cm/second)
1 30 0.63 47.62
2 30 0.73 41.10
3 30 0.61 49.18
Average =45.97 cm/second

Ɵ2 : 80°
Number of trial on Distance, S1 (cm) Time car travelled Velocity of the car
the ramp (second) travelled
(cm/second)
1 50 0.87 57.47
2 50 0.84 59.52
3 50 0.79 63.29
Average =60.09 cm/second

Number of trial on Distance, S2 (cm) Time car travelled Velocity of the car
the ramp (second) travelled
(cm/second)
1 30 0.87 34.48
2 30 0.74 40.54
3 30 0.73 41.10
Average =38.71 cm/second

DISCUSSION
With reference to the table above, calculate the following :

1. Velocity of the car for each trial.

2. Acceleration of the car for each trial.

Answer
1) Velocity of the car for each trial is different such as when the distance (S1) is 50cm and
the angle is 40°, the average velocity is 84.63 cm/second. When the distance (S2) is
30cm the average velocity is 45.97 cm/second. When the angle is 80° where the distance
(S1) is also 50cm, the average velocity is 60.09 cm/second. When the distance (S2) is
30cm the average velocity is 38.71 cm/second.
2) Acceleration on 50cm are faster than the acceleration on 30c

CONCLUSION
i. How does increasing the incline of the ramp or track affect the motion of the objects.
ii. Predict how fast the car would be if you rise the ramp.

Answer
In conclusion, the experiment if the incline of the ramp is increasing the motion of the objects
also increasing speed and if the ramp at rise the speed of car is increasing and more faster
downward the ramp.

REFERENCES
 EM Lab Apps
 EM reference book
 Internet
 Lecturer