Physics Dr.

Lu 10/1- 10/2 /2018

1.Linear motion
An object is moving in a direction along with a straight line is a linear motion.
(A)Linear motion at a constant speed
Using the power point of “displacement, velocity, and acceleration” with interactive questions
and answers for instructional explanation and real time assessment.
Example 0 - Physics Regent # 39 – June 2015
A car is moving with a constant speed of 20. Meters per second. What total distance does the car
travel in 2.0 minutes?
(1) 10. m (2) 40. m (3) 1200 m (4) 2400 m
[Solution]
d = vt = (20 m/s)(2 minutes)(60 seconds/minute)
= 2400 m So, answer is (4)

2 Linear motion for an object at a constant velocity

Example1: An object is moving at a constant speed along a straight line.
distance = (speed) x(time) or d= vt

v d

t t
[Note]:The area of the v-t curve is equal to distance
The slope in the d-t curve is equal to the speed
A motorist travels a distance of 406 km during a 7 hr period. What was the average speed in (1)
km/hr and (2) m/sec?
[Solution]
(1) Speed =distance /time = 406 km/7hr
=58 km/hr
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(2) 58km/hr = 58x10 m / (60x60) sec=16 m/s
= (66-44)/11 =2 m/s2

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V (m/s)

Time t (sec) 10

(1) How much is the distance ?

(2) What is the meaning of the area under the velocity-time curve?
(3) What does the slope from the distance vs. time represent?
3. Linear motion at a constant acceleration
Using the power point of “ acceleration” for introducing the idea of acceleration.
Example 2:

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A car, initially traveling at 15 meters per second north, accelerates to 25 meters per second north
in 4.0 seconds. The magnitude of the average
acceleration is
(1) 2.5 m/s2 (2) 6.3 m/s2 (3) 10. m/s2 (4) 20. m/s2
[Solution]
a =acceleration = ( ∆ v) / ¿ t ) = ( V2 - V1 )/ (t2 - t1 )
The change of speed = 25 m/s – 15 m/s = 10 m/s
The time needed for this change = 4.0 seconds
The rate of change of speed = acceleration = (10 m/s) /(4.0 s) = 2.5 m/s2. So, the answer is (1)
Graph

v d

t t
vf = vi + a(t) d= (vi ) t + (1/2)at2
Key points
(1) Slope = acceleration in v-t curve
(2) Area = distance or displacement (under v-t curve)
Example 3
Physics regent exam #62-64 –June 2016
Based on your answers to questions 62 through 64 on the information and graph below and on your
knowledge of physics. The graph below represents the speed of a marble rolling down a straight

incline as a function of time

(62)What quantity is represented by the slope of the graph?

(63-64) Calculate the distance the marble travels during the first 3.0 seconds. [Show all work,
including the equation and substitution with units.]
[Solution]
(62) the slope m =a =acceleration
= (v2 - v1) /(t2 - t1)
=( 4 m/s -0 m/s) (3s -0s) =1.33 m/s2
(63-64)
(1)By Graph
the distance = the area under the v-t curve
t1 = 0 s, t2 =3 s ; v1 = 0 m/s,
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 v2 = 4 m/s (read from the curve)
The area of this triangle = (1/2) base(height) = (1/2)(3s)(4 m/s) = 6 m
(2) By Formula
Another way d =(1/2)a t2 =(1/2)(1.33 m/s)(3s)2
= 6 m = (1/2)(3s)(4 m/s) = 6 m

Check for understanding

A train moving at a speed of 15 m/sec is accelerated uniformly to 45 m/sec over a 12 sec period.
What is its acceleration?

Group work
1. Base your answers to questions 63 through 65 on the graph below, which represents the
relationship between velocity and time for a car moving along a straight line, and your
knowledge of physics.

(63) Determine the magnitude of the average velocity of the car from t 6.0 seconds to t 10.
seconds.
(64) Determine the magnitude of the car’s acceleration during the first 6.0 seconds.
(65) Identify the physical quantity represented by the shaded area on the graph.
2. A car, initially traveling east with a speed of 5.0 meters per second, is accelerated uniformly
at 2.0 meters per second2 east for 10. seconds along a straight line. During this 10.-second
interval the car travels a total distance of
(1) 50. m (2) 60. m (3) 1.0 102 m (4) 1.5 10 2 m

Individual work
Physics regent exam #2-June2014
What is the final speed of an object that starts from rest and accelerates uniformly at 4.0 meters per
second2 over a distance of 8.0 meters?
(1) 8.0 m/s (2) 16 m/s (3) 32 m/s (4) 64 m/s

Exit ticket
A car traveling west in a straight line on a highway decreases its speed from 30.0 meters per
second to 23.0 meters per second in 2.00 seconds.
The car’s average acceleration during this time interval is
(1) 3.5 m/s2 east (2) 3.5 m/s2 west (3) 13 m/s2 east (4) 13 m/s2 west

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Homework

1. .If a car accelerates uniformly from rest to 15 meters per second over a distance of
100. meters, the magnitude of the car’s acceleration is
(1) 0.15 m/s2 (2) 1.1 m/s2 (3) 2.3 m/s2 (4) 6.7 m/s2
2. The graph below represents the relationship between velocity and time of travel for a toy car
moving in a straight line.

The shaded area under the line represents the toy car’s
(1) displacement (2) momentum (3) acceleration (4) speed

3. The graph below shows the relationship between the speed and elapsed time for an object falling
freely from rest near the surface of a planet.

What is the total distance the object falls during the first 3.0 seconds?
(1) 12 m (2) 24 m (3) 44 m (4) 72 m

Review problem for vector

A river has a current flowing with a velocity of 2.0 meters per second due east. A boat is
75 meters from the north riverbank. It travels at 3.0 meters per second relative to the river and is
headed due north. In the diagram below, the vector starting at point P represents the velocity of
the boat relative to the river water.

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(71–72) Calculate the time required for the boat to cross the river. [Show all work, including the
equation and substitution with units.] [2]
(73) On the diagram in your answer booklet, use a ruler and protractor to construct a vector
representing the velocity of the river current. Begin the vector at point P and use a scale of
1.0 centimeter = 0.50 meter per second. [1]
(74–75) Calculate or find graphically the magnitude of the resultant velocity of the boat. [Show all
work, including the equation and substitution with units or construct the resultant velocity vector in
your answer booklet for question 73, using a scale of 1.0 centimeter = 0.50 meter per second. The
value of the magnitude must be written in your answer booklet in the space for questions 74–75.] [2]